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The 2018 update of the biopanning data bank (BDB) stores phage display data sequenced by Sanger sequencing and next generation sequencing technologies. In this work, we upgraded the database with more biopanning data sets and several new features, including (i) incorporation of next generation biopanning data and the unselected population where the target is not determined and the round of screening is zero; (ii) addition of sequencing information; (iii) improvement of browsing and searching systems and 3 D chemical structure viewer; (iv) integration of standalone tools for target-unrelated peptides analysis within conventional phage display and next generation phage display (NGPD) data. In the current version of BDB (released on 19 January 2018), the database houses 3291 sets of biopanning data collected from 1540 published articles, including 95 NGPD data sets and 3196 traditional biopanning data sets. The BDB database serves as an important and comprehensive resource for developing peptide ligands. Database URL : The BDB database is available at http://immunet.cn/bdb [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The CRISPR–Cas (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats–CRISPR-associated proteins) adaptive immune systems are discovered in many bacteria and most archaea. These systems are encoded by cas (CRISPR-associated) operons that have an extremely diverse architecture. The most crucial step in the depiction of cas operons composition is the identification of cas genes or Cas proteins. With the continuous increase of the newly sequenced archaeal and bacterial genomes, the recognition of new Cas proteins is becoming possible, which not only provides candidates for novel genome editing tools but also helps to understand the prokaryotic immune system better. Here, we describe HMMCAS, a web service for the detection of CRISPR-associated structural and functional domains in protein sequences. HMMCAS uses hmmscan similarity search algorithm in HMMER3.1 to provide a fast, interactive service based on a comprehensive collection of hidden Markov models of Cas protein family. It can accurately identify the Cas proteins including those fusion proteins, for example the Cas1-Cas4 fusion protein in Candidatus Chloracidobacterium thermophilum B (Cab. thermophilum B). HMMCAS can also find putative cas operon and determine which type it belongs to. HMMCAS is freely available at http://i.uestc.edu.cn/hmmcas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]