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Reports research which detected long-lived velocity cells at the surface of the Sun. Projected span of giant convective cells; Large aspect ratio of cells; Impact of rotational shear.

Focuses on the use of the technique of travel-time helioseismology to detect the presence of strong downflows beneath the Sun's sunspots and the bright features known as plages. Theory on the formation of sunspots and downflows; Measurement of vertical magnetic field.

Shows that it is possible to extract time-distance information from temporal cross-correlations of the intensity fluctuations on the solar surface. This approach to the study of the solar interior opens the way for seismic studies of solar phenomena and should help to refine global models of the internal velocity stratification in the Sun. The high-frequency time-distance diagram; Helioseismology; More.