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Out-of-class communication between teachers and students is essential throughout university engineering courses for in-depth explanations of the concepts covered in class. This study evaluates this aspect throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, a survey that addressed this issue was administered to students at the beginning (March 2020) and at the end (May 2020) of the COVID-19 lockdown in Spain, and at the end of each semester of the 2020/21 and 2021/22 academic years. The results were analyzed with statistical, qualitative, and mixed methods. E-mail usage was widely observed at the beginning of the pandemic, while the use of online videoconferencing tools progressed during that time, thanks to their temporal and spatial flexibility, and the direct and personal nature of student-teacher contact through those channels. Its success was linked to the prior training of teachers in the use of videoconferencing, the establishment of fixed schedules for the meetings, and the use of digital whiteboards that instantaneously display writing when discussing problems. According to the opinions of students, videocalls could be used for questions on theoretical and easy practical aspects despite the resumption of out-of-class face-to-face meetings. Videoconferencing tools for educational communication between engineering students and teachers seem to be here to stay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To identify differences in inbox and secure message burden among otolaryngologists based on demographics and subspecialty over 4 years. Methods: Inbox data were queried from January 2019 until December 2022. Otolaryngologists were categorized into cohorts by area of practice and gender. All inbox tasks, secure messages, and clinical encounters were collected and compared by gender, practice type, and years in practice. Means were compared using t-tests and chi-squared tests. Results: Of the 128 physicians, 45.7% were comprehensive otolaryngologists and 61.3% were male. The most common subspecialties were facial plastics (15.6%), oncology (8.6%), and otology (7.8%). Otolaryngologists had an average of 143.5 inbox tasks per month, with 97.2 (67.7%) of them being secure messages, resulting in an average of 1.14 inbox tasks and 0.80 secure messages per clinical encounter. The ratio of secure messages per clinical encounter was consistent across all specialties except oncology (1.10, P =.003). Otology (0.86, P =.032) and facial plastics (0.95, P =.028) had significantly lower ratios of inbox tasks to clinical encounters when compared to their colleagues, while oncology had a higher ratio (1.70, P <.001). No significant differences in inbox burden were observed between genders, years in practice, or languages spoken. Secure messages steadily increased over the study period. Conclusion: Inbox burden for otolaryngologists primarily stems from patient secure messages and varies across subspecialties. Considerations should be made to the inbox burden of head and neck oncologists. The implementation of support systems for inbox management could improve the imbalance between clinical and non-clinical responsibilities in otolaryngology. Level of Evidence: Level III, Retrospective Cohort Study [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of performance-based feedback delivered via email on teacher candidates' implementation of a multiple stimulus without replacement (MSWO) preference assessment with an adult confederate. Six participants enrolled in a special education teacher preparation program were recruited to participate. After exposure to an introductory MSWO training video, participant fidelity of MSWO administration was measured. Following baseline, performance feedback was delivered via e-mail to each participant after the completion of each research session. Results indicate that performance feedback delivered via e-mail improved fidelity of implementation for all six participants. Implications and future directions are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ilha do Desterro: A Journal of English Language, Literatures in English & Cultural Studies is the property of Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, CCE Departamento de Pos-Graduacao em Lingua Englesa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Summary: The article analyses how and to what effect diplomats navigate a landscape in which the physical and the digital have become inextricably intertwined, with emphasis on written communications in the European Union (EU) foreign policy system from the 1970s to the present. Putting International Relations literature into dialogue with Management Studies (particularly media richness theory and sense-making), it looks at how diplomats work their way through different forms of digital written communications. It addresses the effects of diplomacy's digitalisation in terms of time, space and confidentiality. Digital tools have hastened diplomacy's tempo and affected security considerations, while they have had mixed effects in terms of centre–periphery relations in diplomatic conversations, particularly for gender and wealth. The EU foreign policy system exemplifies these dynamics, from the spectacular rise of the COREU system to its decline in favour of faster, easier-to-use technologies such as e-mail and texting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Speech act studies often compare two or more groups of speakers by analyzing how often each group uses a given strategy to realize a speech act. Since the goal of such studies is to compare groups, they often do not discuss the variation that exists within the groups and, by extension, what can be considered a speech act tendency for a given group. To illustrate within-group variation and how such variation can be interpreted to identify the speech act tendencies of a group, this study used e-mail refusals of requests written by 50 native speakers of English as a case study. Data were collected using a discourse completion task and analyzed for participants' strategies to refuse a request. Descriptive statistics show a considerable amount of variation in this rather homogenous group of English speakers but also allow for the identification of both commonly and rarely used refusal strategies. These findings highlight the importance of considering the commonly used strategies and the rarely used strategies when attempting to empirically identify speech act tendencies for teaching and assessment purposes. Implications of the results for future research, teaching, and assessment practices are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Campaigns use different strategies across communication channels. How does this affect voters? What are the consequences of being exposed to targeted campaign messages? How do voters react when they are exposed to campaign messages that are aimed at different voters? Does mistargeting always punish candidates or does it reward them under certain conditions? In a survey experiment relying on a sample of 1137 U.S. adults, participants evaluated a fictional candidate running for the U.S. Senate after being exposed to various sets of campaign messages originally delivered via e-mail and TV. A fictional candidate was used to prevent the effects of prior knowledge while the campaign information given to the participants was based on a real campaign's e-mails and television ads to achieve a degree of realism. Voters perceive the same candidate differently depending on the messages they receive. Politicians may benefit or suffer from mistargeting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Journal of Management Academy is the property of Uluslararasi Yonetim Akademisi Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Email plays an important role in people's daily communications, while also attracts the attention of hackers. Email is frequently used in phishing attacks, with email sender spoofing being a key step. To prevent sender-spoofing attacks, email vendors often deploy email security protocols such as SPF, DKIM, and DMARC to verify the sender's identity. Moreover, some vendors add email UI notification mechanism on email clients to help users identify the real sender. However, there is no uniform standard in the implementation of the email UI notification mechanism, which varies among vendors. Whether the mechanism effectively prevents sender-spoofing attacks still needs verification. In this paper, the security evaluation of the email UI notification mechanism was studied to gain better understanding of its efficacy and to eventually protect users from sender-spoofing attacks. Ten world-famous email services were researched and evaluated, of which seven deployed the email UI notification mechanism. Consequently, a new type of sender-spoofing attack was proposed which was called EN-Bypass, aiming to bypass the email UI notification mechanism by forging the "From" and "Sender" fields in the email header. To verify the email UI notification mechanism's security and reliability, EmailSenderChecker was implemented, which can automatically evaluate the existence of the EN-Bypass attack. The result shows that all seven email service vendors suffer from EN-Bypass attack. Attackers could bypass the email UI notification mechanism by constructing special email headers and spoofing the sender. Finally, to improve the mail service security, three suggestions about the email UI notification mechanism were proposed for the mail service vendors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With decreasing enrollment trends for German classes at US colleges, programs have to find ways to motivate students to select German as their foreign language and to interest them in continuing with the language beyond a language requirement. One possible way to increase students' interest in German is to integrate telecollaboration as early as the first semester of German. Through telecollaboration students get to interact with German native speakers and learn first-hand about the target culture which can have a strong impact on their curiosity about the language and culture. This article summarizes the projects that were incorporated in first-semester German over the last ten years at Yale University, a private college in the US. These include traditional e-mail exchanges between US learners of German and learners of English in Germany, a photo exchange using the mobile app Cluster, and tandem chat exchanges including both voice chat and text chat. The article outlines strengths and weaknesses of the different exchanges for first-semester classes. Student feedback on the exchanges will also be incorporated to shed light on learner preferences for different types of telecollaborative communication tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Prace Jezykoznawcze is the property of University of Warmia & Mazury in Olsztyn and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Româna de Dreptul Muncii is the property of Wolters Kluwer Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Macedonian Journal for Criminal Law & Criminology is the property of Macedonian Association for Criminal Law & Criminology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background and aims: Myasthenia Gravis requires expert treatment from specialized neurologists. In Germany, this treatment is mainly provided by 18 Integrated Myasthenia Centers (iMZ) accredited by the German Myasthenia Gravis Association (DMG). The DMG is a large and well-organized patient organisation that is regarded as a trusted source for disease-specific information. The aim of this study was to analyse the type of requests that each of these institutions receives in order to identify any potential unmet needs regarding the availability of advice for patients and caregivers. This data can then be used in further research to tailor modern digital communication tools to the specific needs of MG patients. Methods: Counselling requests sent via e-mail to both institutions were extracted for defined examination periods and divided into a period 'before COVID-19 pandemic' (01.07.2019–31.12.2019) and 'during COVID-19 pandemic' (01.07.2020–31.12.2020). Requests were then analysed using four main categories: medical requests, organisational issues, COVID-19 and social legislation inquiries. Results: One thousand seven hundred eleven requests for advice were addressed to DMG and iMZ Charité. Most inquiries directed to the DMG (47%; n = 750) were related to medical issues, most frequently to side effects of medications (n = 325; 20%) and questions about treatment (n = 263; 16%), followed by inquiries regarding organisational issues (26%; n = 412). About half of the inquiries (n = 69; 58%) to the iMZ Charité were related to medical issues and almost one in three inquiries concerned organisational issues (n = 37; 30%). About one in ten inquiries concerned socio-legal matters (iMZ: n = 7; 6% and DMG: n = 177; 11%). During the pandemic, COVID-19 related issues accounted for 8% (n = 6) of inquiries at iMZ, and 16% (n = 253) at DMG. Conclusions: MG sufferers have a high demand for timely advice. In the current setting, they address their requests to both iMZs and the DMG via e-mail. Our findings confirm that the DMG is highly trusted by patients and caregivers and is used to obtain second opinions. A relevant proportion of requests to the iMZ could be answered more effectively through standardized responses or improved process management. The implementation of modern digital solutions, including telemedicine, for communication between patient and specialist should be evaluated in further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of technology on the tourism industry are increasing day by day. Especially in the travel sector, technology has given rise to fierce competition. The emergence of travel organizations that run all the transactions related to travel online causes agencies to be disadvantaged in the competition. The success of traditional agencies in the competition is proportional to their technological capabilities. This research aims to test a model that shows the impact of the corporate websites usability of travel agencies on their social media, e-mail and e-commerce use. The study was designed in the form of quantitative research, and the data were collected through surveys. The study population consists of the traditional travel agencies operating in Istanbul. 433 face-to-face questionnaires conducted with the managers of these agencies were analyzed. According to the results of the research, the corporate websites usability of the agencies explain their use of social media, e-mail and e-commerce. Corporate websites usability of businesses contribute positively to social media, e-mail and e-commerce activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Jurnal Sosial Humaniora is the property of Universitas Djuanda and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper discussed an analysis of correspondence especially about the kinds of error made by the staff in replying to emails from the customer. All the data were mostly analyzed based on the theory applied by Dulay, Heidi C, and Marina Burt in their book entitled Language Two (1982) and it was also supported by other theories. They were Error Analysis and Interlanguage written by S. P. Corder (1981), Error Analysis Perspective on Second Language Acquisition written by Richard (1974) and beside the other references about, several supporting references that were considered relevant to the topic were also used in this paper. In conducting this research, the library research was applied and there were three steps for the methodology. They were data collection, data analysis, and data source. The information for this paper came from emails written by Ayuna Silver employees. The data was then gathered by reading carefully and then classified based on the types of errors according to the theory used in this qualitative paper. Based on the findings of the study, it can be concluded that Ayuna Silver’s staff made some mistakes, and the factor that caused the errors. There were omissions, additions, misformations, and misordering errors. Overgeneralization, incomplete application of rules, ignorance of rule restrictions, and false concept hypothesized were the factors that caused errors [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phishing is used to spread malicious software and infect critical infrastructure networks. Since 2000, phishing has been gaining popularity among cybercriminals. One of the first big attempts was made in 2001, when in the chaos after the September 11 attacks, attackers sent their victims e-mails allegedly to verify their identity. The obtained data was used to steal bank data. Email has become one of the reliable means of real-time communication through which a huge number of people and organizations share their messages and data. With the dramatic increase in the number of email users, attackers are using email in a variety of ways to trick users into revealing their credentials. An example of email being used for a phishing attack is the spread of the Petya and NotPety virus in 2017, which originated from a Ukrainian state energy company and is considered part of the Russian-Ukrainian hybrid war. The issue of countering phishing attacks in Ukraine and around the world in general remains acute. Internet users are constantly faced with attempts to get hold of their data. Large companies can also become victims, which can endanger the security of the state if a phishing attack is part of a cyber war. The work included an improved algorithm for detecting dangerous e-mails, which differs from the existing ones by a comprehensive approach to analysis using a previously unapplied method in this direction, which made it possible to increase the efficiency of the analysis with a short calculation time. The results of this work can be used to protect information and telecommunication networks from the spread of malicious software and/or data leakage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Communication scholars are increasingly concerned about biases that shape people's interactions with science. Past study has focused on echo chambers (cultivating social networks that reinforce existing worldviews). People's facilitation of scientific discourse between strangers also may be shaped by their attitudes. To study the latter, we employed a recent adaptation of Milgram's lost letter technique called the lost e-mail technique (LET). We conducted a preregistered field study using a large undergraduate university sample (N = 1,508) to examine how the LET might elucidate people's treatment of scientific information. We distributed four ostensibly misaddressed scientific messages and monitored the likelihood of these e-mails being facilitated by participants. Participants' beliefs about self-esteem's importance, assessed months earlier, were associated with increased facilitation of scientific claims congruent with (vs. incongruent with) these beliefs. Thus, people shape the spread of online information in a manner matching their beliefs, even for people outside their social networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As healthcare information technology (HIT) advances, major stakeholders in the healthcare industry such as healthcare providers, health plan organizations, and business associates are generating and exchanging enormous amounts of patient data throughout the healthcare supply chain. Along with the explosive growth of electronic patient data, these stakeholders have experienced an increasing number of data breaches. Despite the significant consequences of the data breaches such as the loss of client privacy, regulatory penalty, and financial loss, there is a lack of studies on sector level trend analysis and risk profiling. This study develops a diversity index that can be used to compare the distribution of data breaches between three sectors of the healthcare industry. To enhance the understanding of the data breaches, this study utilizes a temporal aggregation of the data breaches, analyzes data breach risks, and develops a data-driven risk profile. The findings of this study can be used to improve the cybersecurity management of healthcare organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Communication is one of the most important aspects of human life. In the recent times, numbers of technologies based on internet have been developed to make the communication as a more reliable and efficient in nature. Out of this numerous applications, E-mail is the most widely used and reliable way to communicate with each other. The existing system is not so effective for blind people. Our proposed system has enabled the Blind people to send and receive voice based e-Mail messages. The python script is used to design the system. The system uses python libraries like tensor flow, Pyglet, opencv and keras. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the results of the impact that forms of digital marketing have on the decision of citizens or customers to buy online. It accurately represents the opinion of citizens why they decide to buy and what are elements that they see as crucial when deciding to buy. The research was conducted through an online questionnaire with a random sample of 305 respondents from different territories in Kosovo. The results were analyzed through the SPSS program (v.25). The research results show that the main reasons for using social media are related to obtaining information about products and services, but also for networking, offers, and promotions, entertainment, while the areas they buy the most are in terms of technology, clothing, and accessories, while the purchase of books and work tools has a lower level. The research is based on five stages of the process on which it is considered that buyers rely in advance to buy. Those stages are classified into the need for recognition, information research, evaluation, selection decision, and post-purchase evaluation. According to the results of research conducted through Amos SPSS and correlation, we conclude that e-mail marketing and mobile marketing have a positive correlation with the need for knowledge, information research, evaluation, and purchasing decision, while retargeting is correlated only with information research. and the need for purchase. In this context, we say that marketing models are a very important factor in citizens' decision-making for online shopping, but based on the results of e-mail marketing and mobile marketing plays a positive role in purchasing decision-making. In this context, I recommend that companies be careful in the forms of marketing through e-mail marketing and mobile marketing so that this has an even deeper impact on decision-making, based on the five stages of the process. which is also based on the decision to buy online. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Previous studies have examined the association between frequency of contact with friends and relatives via internet and psychosocial factors (in terms of loneliness, life satisfaction and depressive symptoms). However, far less is known about such a link during the COVID‐19 pandemic, particularly based on nationally representative samples. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine this association among middle‐aged/older adults. Methods/Design: Data were taken from the short survey of the German Ageing Survey (June/July 2020, 3134 individuals in the analytical sample). The De Jong Gierveld scale was used to quantify loneliness, the Satisfaction with Life Scale was used to quantify life satisfaction and the 10‐item version of the Center for Epidemiological Studies‐Depression was used to quantify depressive symptoms. Results: Regressions showed that—compared to daily users—less frequent users of the internet for contact with friends and relatives reported increased loneliness, lower life satisfaction and more depressive symptoms. With regard to covariates, better psychosocial factors were associated with medium education (compared to low education), living with partner in the same household (compared to singles), better self‐rated health, and favourable COVID‐19 factors (in terms of decreased feeling that the Corona crisis is a threat for oneself, not having an infection with the coronavirus and an increased feeling that you can influence an infection with the coronavirus yourself). Conclusions: Data suggest that individuals with a high frequency of contact with friends and relatives via internet reported better psychosocial factors. Future research in other cultural settings are required. Key points: Nationally representative data were used (collected during the pandemic).Compared to daily users‐less frequent users of the internet for contact with friends and relatives reported increased loneliness, lower life satisfaction and more depressive symptoms.Daily contact with friends and relatives via internet may be particularly helpful when other ways to stay in regular contact (e.g., personal contact) are difficult or nearly impossible.Knowledge about such associations may assist in addressing individuals at risk for adverse psychosocial outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The evolution of technology has brought new challenges and opportunities for the different dimensions of feature space. The higher dimension of the feature space is one of the most critical issues in e-mail classification problems due to accuracy considerations. The problem of finding the subset features that significantly influence the performance of e-mail spam classification has become one of the important challenges. This paper proposes to overcome such a problem, an intelligent approach to Binary Differential Evolution Support Vector Machine (BDE-SVM). The proposed approach enhances the Binary Differential Evolution (BDE) algorithm based on the correlation coefficient as a fitness function to select the significant subset feature evaluated by an SVM classifier. To our best of knowledge, the correlation coefficient as the fitness function has not been used in the differential evolution algorithm before. The selected subset feature is used to assess the most features that contribute to the reliability of the email spam classification. The finding of the enhanced BDE is to present a powerful accuracy. The tests were conducted using "Spambase" and "SpamAssassin." Identified benchmark datasets are to assess the feasibility of the proposed solution. The result with full-feature accuracy was 93.55 percent compared to the proposed BDE-SVM approach, which is 93.99 percent. Empirical findings also show that our method is capable of effectively increasing the number of features required to enhance the reliability of the email spam classification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Dokuz Eylul University Journal of Graduate School of Social Sciences is the property of Dokuz Eylul University Graduate School of Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Several studies have shown that phone calls are an effective but resource-intensive follow-up (FU) method to collect patient reported data (PROM) after discharge from hospital. No studies regarding FU methods are available for patients treated by radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for atrial fibrillation (AF). We wanted to examine the recent practice and resource needs for telephone contact. Method: In a 4-month period, we called 167 patients scheduled for RFA of AF on their mobile telephones. We registered the number of attempts needed to reach patients (maximum 3 times). In addition to medical issues, 70 of the patients were asked how they would like to answer FU questions after RFA. Results: Of the 167 patients, we received 96 responses (57%) on the first dialling attempt, 35 responses (21.%) on the second dialling attempt and no responses (n=36) on the third dialling attempt (22%). Of the 167 patients, 131 (78.4%) responded. Of these 167 patients, 135 were men. Regarding patient preference for FU, 50 (71.4%) favoured a questionnaire with a stamped return envelope. Conclusion: As in other patient groups, we demonstrate that telephone FU in AF patients is a resource-intensive task. For sufficient data quality, a higher response rate is required. Conclusion: As in other patient groups, we demonstrate that telephone FU in AF patients is a resource-intensive task. For sufficient data quality, a higher response rate is required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Journal of Legal & Comparative Jurisprudence Studies (LCJS) / Mağallaẗ al-Duwaliyyaẗ Li-&-Dirāsāt al-Qānūniyyaẗ Wa-al-Fiqhiyyaẗ al-Muqāranaẗ is the property of Refaad for Studies, Research & Development and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Anbar University for Law & Political Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, more and more people are working remotely and inundated with even more e-mails containing all types of information and files. This can make online privacy a real need for concern. Social engineering and phishing can cause all sorts of problems for today's computer and smart device users. Fortunately, there are steps to mitigate these areas of concern. This column will address what these issues are and how than can be prevented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bilecik Seyh Edebali University Journal of Science / Bilecik Şeyh Edebali Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi is the property of Bilecik Seyh Edebali University Journal of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Usually, e-mails spammers search for economic income by promoting services and products. Performing mail bombing is neither difficult nor expensive. If appropriately used, internet advertising can be appealing to consumers and cost-effective to advertisers. The purpose of most spam e-mail messages distributed over the Internet today is to entice the recipients into visiting World-Wide sites advertised through spam. E-mail spamming is a campaign that broadcasts in the Information sector at a massive scale and a minimum cost for the advertisers and those advertised. The characteristics of spam-advertised websites, however, have not been widely examined. This paper will explore the properties of URL dissemination through spam e-mail and how the spammer in the information sector received the e-mail addresses and sends this advertisement to the user. Ultimately, dealing with Internet advertising is like dealing with any other type of advertising is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Military Engineer / Hadmérnök is the property of National University of Public Service and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) industry is a fragmented one that relies on the collaboration of diverse stakeholders for the success of a project. Many times, stakeholders involved in the process are scattered in physical locations distant from the jobsite, making communication through media such as telephone and e-mail necessary, instead of face-to-face communication. Specific features of these communication media often affect how accurately information is conveyed from one party to another. This paper seeks to understand the benefits and challenges of telephone and e-mail communication and how they influence communications between site supervision and design personnel to help construction students and recent graduates to improve their communication and collaboration skills. Interviews with professionals were held and a quasi-experiment with students and professionals was performed as a two-phased, sequential study. Results indicate an alignment with Media Synchronicity Theory while also showing how the influence of the AEC industry-specific context, such as project-related record-keeping, influences the choice of media. From these results, a summary table and a set of guidelines for effective communication are presented to help students and young professionals become aware of media limitations so that they can effectively communicate in the AEC industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While many employees read and respond to work‐related e‐mails in the evenings after work, the mechanisms through which after‐hours e‐mailing influences well‐being remain poorly understood. In particular, there has been limited consideration of whether different characteristics of after‐hours e‐mails (frequency, duration, perceived tone) may trigger work‐related rumination that influences employee well‐being at bedtime (i.e., the end of the post‐work period). To address this gap in the literature, data were collected from 59 employees during a 5‐day daily survey period. We expected after‐hours e‐mail frequency, duration, and perceived tone to indirectly relate to employee vigour and fatigue at bedtime (two common well‐being criteria) via affective rumination and problem‐solving pondering (two major forms of work‐related rumination). Our results indicated that a more negatively perceived after‐hours e‐mail tone influenced both vigour and fatigue via affective rumination. Further, our findings suggested diverging implications of after‐hours e‐mailing frequency and duration for problem‐solving pondering, with longer duration and more frequent after‐hours e‐mailing co‐varying with higher and lower levels of this form of rumination, respectively. These findings demonstrate the importance of considering various characteristics of after‐hours e‐mailing and corresponding implications of work‐related rumination when studying employee well‐being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Iraqi Journal of Science is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The trend toward personal archiving is rising, but no official archives are interested in the "precious" information possessed by average citizens. Consequently, citizen data is stored on cloud drives, USB devices, and optical media that cannot be considered to be reliable or trustworthy. This article describes the Citizen Archive solution, which aims to be the place where citizens can preserve their precious data. Furthermore, we discuss some previously implemented, functional, and tested solutions considering e-mail preservation workflow and PDF splitting workflow. The experiences from pilot users of the Citizen Archive are also reviewed in the text. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Internet is available in the Pondicherry University campus. The present study is aimed at studying Internet usage among research scholars of Pondicherry University (PU). It is intended to assess Internet awareness of research scholars, the types of Internet users, purpose and frequency of using the Internet, problems in accessing the Internet, search methods used in accessing them, satisfaction with Internet usage, adequacy of Internet, and user training provided by the university library in accessing the Internet. The survey method is adopted in the present study. A sample of 100 research scholars of Pondicherry University were selected by the simple random method, out of 800 full-time research scholars. A well-structured questionnaire was designed, keeping in mind the objectives of the study. Data was collected from the research scholars using the questionnaire tool. The findings of the study reveal that a majority of research scholars (91%) use the Internet from their respective departments. A majority of them (41%) replied that the use of the Internet improves/refines the quality of their research by 50% to 75%. A majority of research scholars (62%) use the Internet for less than one hour daily for social networking purposes. Most of the research scholars (67%) replied that they never prefer the SGML format to read the information on the Internet. A majority (60%) use the PDF format. A majority (73%) use e-books on the Internet. Most of the research scholars (75%) use Google. A majority (74%) are aware of e-mail services. A majority (85%) face the problem of low speed Internet. A high percentage of research scholars (36%) create new entries. A major problem faced by the research scholars was 'slow Internet connectivity' (70%). The majority of them (70%) replied that Pondicherry University. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For most of people, e-mail is the preferable medium for official communication. E-mail service providers face an endless challenge called spamming. Spamming is the exploitation of e-mail systems to send a bulk of unsolicited messages to a large number of recipients. Noisy image spamming is one of the new techniques to evade text analysis based and Optical Character Recognition (OCR) based spams filtering. In the present paper, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) based on different color models was considered to address image spam problem. The proposed method was evaluated over a public image spam dataset. The results showed that the performance of the proposed CNN was affected by the color model used. The results also showed that XYZ model yields the best accuracy rate among all considered color models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Communication is inextricably linked to human life. All forms of social activity are possible only due to the fact that people can interact, communicate, exchange intellectual and emotional content. People inform each other about different things, events, conditions. Human language is the means by which people organize their contact with the external environment. Through language, people learn about the experiences of other individuals. This experience can be preserved for future generations, for future use. Electronic communications enter with the development of technology and the Internet. New technologies have necessitated irreversible changes in business communications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Smartphones and digital media are omnipresent in day-to-day life. There are positive and negative consequences to technology usage in established relationships; we also know that there are several theories outlining why people use technology generally. What is less clear, however, is how these two entities intersect. The purpose of this article is to determine the how different mechanisms related to technology—namely, texting, video calling, and e-mail—are used in established romantic relationships. Using a hermeneutics qualitative methodology and interviewing 17 individuals, we uncovered the rationale for why individuals decide on using particular methods of communication to engage with their romantic partner. We discovered unique reasons for texting as compared to video conferences, phone calls, and e-mail usage in established romantic relationships. Implications and future research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Concise and effective business English communication underpins successful organisations. During the 4th Industrial Revolution (4IR) much of the working day is spent in some form of communication, usually e-mails. This paper examines the effectiveness of English communication between integral parts of a business operation during the 4IR. A mixed methods approach utilising a non-experimental design was used to investigate effective business communication using e-mails in English in a medium sized organisation in South Africa. A questionnaire consisting of 10 Likert type scale questions and 5 open ended questions was used. Purposive sampling was utilised as the population was small (150 employees, final sample 55) thus results cannot be generalised. Certain barriers to communication were identified which were considered important. For instance, many staff members were second language English speakers and often misunderstand e-mails. As a result, they reported that they felt frustrated in their working life and were demotivated. It was concluded that many e-mails were challenging to staff and needed to be written in everyday English not business language. The authors recommended that workshops and initial training in business language skills when people enter the organisation should be undertaken. Human Resources could also audit the use of appropriate English. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we introduce a deniable electronic mail authenticated encryption service. Our design meets the security requirement of the current Pretty Good Privacy and Secure/Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions to provide message confidentiality and message authentication without the undesired non-repudiation, which can protect the individual privacy of the sender when communication occurs in open channels. Our scheme is based on the bilinear pairings, which is provably secure in the random oracle model under the bilinear Diffie-Hellman and computational Diffie-Hellman assumptions. In addition, our scheme needs a little high communication overhead. However, this extra cost is reasonable for the properties of deniable authentication, confidentiality, and ciphertext anonymity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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There was more discussion of e-mails and e-mail servers in the 2016 election than any previous campaign. Yet, practically no attention was paid to the actual e-mails distributed by campaigns themselves. This study explores how presidential campaigns used e-mail as a strategic tool during the 2016 election. We collected and analyzed e-mails from all major party candidates over 10 months leading up to election day. The campaigns were organized into three categories based on how successful they were and how seriously they were run. Comparing the use of e-mail within each category and between them illuminates variation in how campaigns used e-mail, including during the primaries and the general election between Clinton and Trump. Notably, the Trump campaign e-mails were more participatory, fitting the populist theme of the campaign, and the Clinton campaign made the surprising strategic decision to stop direct e-mail communication to passive e-mail subscribers over two months before election day. Overall this study demonstrates how some strategies, such as the frequency of emailing, focus on fundraising, and consistent forms of interactions have become widely accepted norms. Further, it is clear that e-mail remains valuable for campaigns and an important subject for scholarship, despite its mundane nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is twofold: first, to reflect on the value of e-mails for recruiting and interviewing in a specific context in qualitative research, and second, to reflect on the benefits of the reflexive practice in sharing the research experience for gaining a deeper understanding of the field. The purpose is to raise points for consideration in research design for the e-mail method in this type of study. Design/methodology/approach: The paper draws on reflexivity and integrates fieldwork experiences to present the shared reflections and insights into the enabling and constraining aspects of using e-mail interviews with hard-to-access participants such as senior executives of international businesses. Findings: Closer consideration needs to be given to the use of e-mail interviewing in the research design for such studies, especially regarding culturally held preconceptions about the research environment and how the inevitable challenges in engaging in cross-border research may be resolved. Originality/value: The paper yields unanticipated insights into the potential of e-mail interviewing for studies that require responses from key informants who are otherwise unlikely to participate in the research. The paper brings greater transparency to researchers regarding the realities of using the method in this context, and thus, it expands the hitherto small repertoire of such studies in qualitative international business research. The contribution also lies in the value of deliberately creating a space for reflexive conversations that open the possibility of more profound understandings in qualitative research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Language & Linguistics Studies is the property of Journal of Language & Linguistics Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The amount of fraud on the Internet is increasing along with the availability and the popularity of the Internet around the world. One of the most common forms of Internet fraud is phishing. Phishing attacks seek to obtain a user's personal or secret information. The variety of phishing attacks is very broad, and usage of novel, more sophisticated methods complicates its automated filtering. Therefore, it is important to form up-to-date and detailed phishing attack taxonomy, which could be used for both human education purposes as well as phishing attack discrete notation. In this paper, we propose an e-mail-based phishing attack taxonomy, which includes six phases of the attack. Each phase has at least one criterion for the attack categorization. Each category is described, and in some cases the categories have sub-classes to present the full variety of phishing attacks. The proposed taxonomy is compared to similar taxonomies. Our taxonomy outperforms other phishing attack taxonomies in numbers of phases, criteria and distinguished classes. Validation of the proposed taxonomy is achieved by adapting it as a phishing attack notation for an incident management system. Taxonomy usage for phishing attack notation increases the level of description of phishing attacks compared to free-form phishing attack descriptions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]