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Does nature still matter in sport? In the balancing between natural and scientific training, Swedish upper-secondary ski schools have played an important role. This paper deals with specific landscape features for testing at three Swedish ski schools: Hallstatestet in Sollefteå, Hovfjällsracet in Torsby, and Stoltjonastestet in Järpen. The following questions will be addressed: How do the coaches at each school use local tests to analyze performance? How is the importance of local tests articulated, and what roles do history and nature play in this process? The paper concludes that the use of local landscapes to articulate elite performance connects ideas of measurability and scientization to the lingering tradition of natural training. Local landscapes thereby become a mediator between scientific and experiential knowledge about sport performance and point out how local sport heritage can be used for addressing environmental issues in sport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the evolving framework of the European Union's approach to environmental sanctions. It dissects the cornerstone principle of effective and dissuasive penalties, exploring its foundation in the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) and its interpretation by the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU). The analysis then progresses by scrutinising specific legislative instruments, such as the Environmental Crime Directive, which establish more detailed requirements for environmental offences, including the types and levels of penalties. Furthermore, the article explores the intricate relationship between criminal and administrative liability in the context of environmental law. This exploration incorporates recent case law on the application of the principle of legality and the ne bis in idem principle in environmental matters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this article, we begin to address the relative lack of scholarship on philanthropic engagement with environmental law. It is clear that big philanthropy exercises significant power in and over our discipline, in a variety of ways that extend beyond the granting (and, importantly, withholding) of funds for projects and activities. Power merits scrutiny. Building on a multi‐disciplinary literature, we identify the plausible ways in which philanthropic organizations frame problems and solutions, and build networks. This is not an 'exposé' of wealthy philanthropists, nor do we think that an exposé is necessary. Foundations are diverse organizations doing a range of interesting and important work. We do, however, want to understand better this community that is so crucial for the development of environmental law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current investigation endeavors to evaluate the prevalence of stubble burning in India, with a special focus on the state of Punjab. The study emphasizes the enormity of stubble burning by examining farm fire incidents, pollutant emissions, its detrimental impacts. It supports the effective management of crop residue along with proposing alternatives to stubble burning. The article conveys the message that stubble burning can result in deleterious effects on the environment, human health, crop growth, natural ecosystems, visibility, and physical infrastructure. The key solutions lie in education, functional literacy, a heightened awareness of environmental laws, rights and duties, stringent governance, and socially responsible public, promoting adherence to the National Green Tribunal's guidelines for managing crop residue and enlightening farmers about the ill effects of stubble burning on animal, soil, human health, crop biodiversity, and climate change. The available data of districts of Punjab indicates the recent waning trend in stubble burning, thus heralding a positive indication of environmental preservation. Decreased stubble burning is the reward of untiring government initiatives, support and subsidies, awareness programs, advanced research and technology, and enforcement of stringent regulations combined with recognition of the deleterious environmental impacts of stubble burning. This research article indicates that there is still a need for efforts to be made to eliminate stubble burning altogether. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The contribution describes the legal phenomenon as a playing field characterized by a progressive regression of the law, understood as a sovereign will from top to bottom, both in the vision of formalist legal positivisms in continental Europe and in realist terms, in the United States. Soft law represents the main strategy to subordinate the law to the interests of the economy, elasticizing environmental law, making it favorable to the market, reducing ecology to the simplistic metric of CO2 emissions. The consequence is a retreat of the statist vertical normativity of law which is not replaced by a de facto power granted to those who control the technology, built by design to close spaces for pluralism and democratic action, in the interest of surveillance and concentrated power in private and government oligopolies. The author concludes by advocating the urgency for genuinely innovative categories, particularly in the legal education, such as the commons, capable of including sustainability into a "new ecological jurisprudence committed to inclusion and solidarity rather than exclusion and struggle". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Subash Limbu's recent science fiction film Ningwasum (2022) interrogates the contours of memory and futurity in relation to pressing concerns of climate change and indigenous rights. The experimental mode of the film provides a platform to question the linearity of time and its association with a teleological model of history that leads to a seemingly inevitable future. What happens, the film asks, when different ways of imagining the future lead to alternative trajectories. In this paper, I am interested in how the film responds to some of the foundational principles of colonial law and governance. For example, I examine how using the Limbu language in the film challenges Thomas Macaulay's claims in his "Minute on Indian Education" that the English language is uniquely capable of conveying ideas of science and modernity. At the same time, I also consider the film's representation of the Adivasi (first people) Yakthung community and its relationship to the postcolonial state. Drawing on theories of Afrofuturism that Limbu identifies as providing inspiration for the film, I frame the film's political, artistic, and legal interventions within a global movement to interrupt predictable futurities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerous legal requirements regarding the implementation of all kinds of investment projects are extremely important means to attain goals related to environmental protection. The procedures concerning the assessment of the impact exerted by investment plans on Natura 2000 sites, which are discussed in this article, belong to the crucial ones. Their existence in the Polish legal system results from the implementation of Community directives (79/409/EEC and 92/43/EEC). Establishing this type of legal form of nature protection in a given area limits its investment use, introducing the requirement to verify the actions taken in terms of their influence on the conservation objectives of Natura 2000 areas. Confirmation of the negative environmental impact in this respect obligatorily prevents a specific investment project from being undertaken. The described legal procedure serves to implement the basic rules of environmental protection, contained not only in the Environmental Protection Law, but also in the Constitution of the Republic of Poland, which include the principles of sustainable development and the individualisation of environmental costs associated with running a business. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Geographical Indications (GIs) are collective rights granted to a group of producers in a limited geographical area. One of the rationales of GI protection is biodiversity conservation which is rapidly being advanced. However, if the GI fails to value the terroir associated with it, it can risk erosion of bio(cultural)diversity. In this paper, taking lessons from such experiences, we argue for activating producers' rights in discussions on biodiversity conservation through GIs and for the systematic inclusion of environmental law, which is considered relevant by the producers, in the GI specification. The rationale of sustainability and sustainable development and the integration of the capabilities approach to IP governance is part of our theoretical underpinnings for such an argument. Given the relationship between these concepts, we first explain biodiversity conservation and then situate the role of GIs in this context. Finally, we also differentiate between third-party certifications and eco-labels and GIs. The role of the former can be useful but limited as GIs offer a better opportunity to include producers' own views. We support our arguments throughout the paper using various examples from secondary empirical research. In practice, we argue for making GI laws, including designing of GI specifications, in a manner that producers' participation is included by design. Considerations of bio(cultural)diversity should be, by design, a part of GIs to increase their efficiency in fulfilling this rationale of protection. This calls for more interdisciplinary and intradisciplinary engagement from GI scholars as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The UK Environment Act 2021 presents a valuable case study of the importance and challenges of protecting foundational freedoms in the context of complex and ambiguous environmental legislation. This article argues that the common law principle of legality provides a vital tool for courts to uphold rights imperilled by climate volatility and environmental decline by presuming against rights-infringing interpretations of environmental statutes. Analysing key provisions of the Act and its associated Parliamentary processes, the article focuses on areas such as statutory language clarity, the scope of executive powers, and the framework for public participation. It explores how the principle of legality and other interpretive approaches could help to resolve these issues and ensure the Act is applied in a way that promotes environmental accountability. The article argues that the principle of legality has a crucial role to play in ensuring environmental law delivers on its promise to protect both the environment and foundational freedoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The eight member countries of the Central American Integration System (SICA)—Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, and the Dominican Republic—are signatories to the Convention for the Protection of World Heritage and the Convention on Biological Diversity. Both binding international instruments use the terms 'cultural landscape' and 'protected landscape', respectively. For this reason, the environmental/natural and cultural legislation of the SICA region has been analyzed to identify the legal frameworks that allow for the declaration of the categories mentioned above for the protection of landscapes. In five of the eight SICA member states, 38 'protected landscapes' were found to exist under environmental law. No designation has been reported for cultural legislation in this region. In addition, the designations and management plans for 'protected landscapes' were reviewed, and it was noted that most of them were similar in denomination, but their protection objectives were not aligned with the binding instruments from which they were derived. Thus, we conclude that, given the particular natural and cultural wealth of the SICA region, it is necessary to identify and map landscapes and establish common guidelines for managing them to foster harmony between nature and mankind and according to the international conventions' objectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A strong vision of sustainable development requires respect for the limits imposed by the functioning of the planet to ensure its resilience. The framework of planetary boundaries is increasingly relied on to design quantifiable objectives that can guide policy- and decisionmakers to enact measures to ensure such a sustainable society. Yet, to effectively guide, the framework requires a reformulation to make it applicable to human activities. Concretely, planetary boundaries need to be transposed into planetary quotas, which express the maximum absolute quantity of emissions, withdrawals or use that is admissible so as not to exceed the planetary limits. Furthermore, the achievement of planetary quotas depends on the fair allocation of national, sectoral, or even individual quotas. In this context, we question whether and under which institutional conditions environmental quotas could be an appropriate tool to implement planetary boundaries. This article proposes a legal and political theory of quota systems and applies it to the establishment of planetary quota systems in international environmental law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This case law overview comments on significant UK environmental law cases for the period 1 April 2023–31 March 2024 (with one exception where a High Court decision within that period was overturned on appeal just after it). It begins with an overarching introduction, which draws some general themes from our selection of cases, focussing on the breadth of environmental law and issues of public concern in public and private law disputes. It then addresses 12 significant cases concerning the accrual of causes of action in private nuisance, whether there is power to vary abatement notices in respect of statutory nuisances, climate change, habitats, flooding, cumulative environmental impact assessment, river basin management plans, storm overflow discharge reduction plans, Regulators' Codes, and public rights on Dartmoor Commons. It ends with some final thoughts on this year's cases and the year ahead. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a long tradition of constitutionalising environmental protection in the People's Republic of China ('China'). This is illustrated, for example, by the constitutionalisation of the need to construct 'ecological civilisation' – a set of values and development concepts included in 2018 as part of constitutional amendments. Yet, the Constitution of China is often described as a constitution without constitutionalism. This article examines the constitutional environmental provisions in China, as well as the underpinning constitutional theories, to demonstrate how China enjoys environmental constitutionalism. This version of constitutionalism, however, is absent of rights and overwhelmingly enforced through state-based approaches, which means that it is distinct from the rights-based and courts-centred versions of liberal constitutionalism. This study thus exemplifies how constitutional practices may adopt different formulations and environmental constitutionalism exists without being committed to liberal principles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The valuable experience and important concepts in the traditional ethnic customary laws of ecological protection have made significant contributions to the current local ecological civilization rule of law construction. The Jinxiu Yao ethnic customary laws on ecological protection cover the protection of mountains, forests, land, water sources, ecological diversity and so on. These laws are comprehensive and show the characteristic experience of strictly adhering to procedures and focusing on effectiveness. The local Yao people are using the "old form" of stone tablets to convey the modern "new rules", absorbing complementary elements in modern legislation, judiciary, law enforcement, and other dimensions to jointly promote the development of local environmental protection. However, the application and continuation of the local customary laws of ecological protection are facing great challenges now, as these laws have not received due attention and local people are not well aware of modern rule of law. In order to promote the organic integration of the customary laws of ethnic ecological protection and the modern environmental rule of law, we should respect the objective existence of the customary laws from the aspect of legislation, establish mechanisms of multi-ecological dispute resolution and strict reward and punishment systems, and implement legal education that incorporates ethnic characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accelerating the construction of an intelligent law enforcement system for ecological environment is not only an important foundation for strengthening the rule of law for ecological environment and promoting reform and innovation in ecological environment law enforcement, but also a concrete manifestation of focusing on building a Beautiful China and improving the ecological environment governance system. At present, China is confronted with the practical constraints in accelerating the construction of an intelligent law enforcement system for ecological environment, such as the risks of digital technology application and the insufficiency of intelligent law enforcement resources for ecological environment. Therefore, on the one hand, we should vigorously promote the intelligentization of ecological environment law enforcement. It means that we should constantly improve the scale and level of automation in ecological environment law enforcement by strengthening the combination of weak and strong artificial intelligence applications. We should also effectively address various digital technology application risks in ecological environment law enforcement by strengthening the combination of digital technology application and digital risk management. On the other hand, it is necessary to accelerate the systematization of ecological environment intelligent law enforcement. It means that we should strengthen the construction of key elements required for applying digital technology in ecological environment law enforcement, such as enforcement entities, targets, technologies, equipment, systems, culture, guarantees, etc. Meanwhile, we should enhance the application of digital technology to the construction of various law enforcement processes such as information collection and processing, monitoring and monitoring, punishment decision-making, evaluation and assessment, supervision and accountability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the New Mexico Court of Appeals decision in Aquifer Science, LLC v. Verhines, which prompted the state's water management entities to consider climate change in groundwater allocation. Topics include the slow progress of climate change adaptation and mitigation in environmental laws, the significant reliance on groundwater in New Mexico, and the implications of climate change on water resources, highlighting the need for updated water allocation policies.

The increase in built-up land in Pekanbaru City is a complex phenomenon that has a broad impact on the urban environment. This study aims to analyze the formulation of appropriate environmental management strategies in response to this trend. Using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method, the study identified land changes between 2010 and 2022. Data from the Ministry of ATR/BPN shows a significant decrease in forest area or thickets, while built-up areas have increased, especially in Tampan and Tenayan Raya Districts. The results of the analysis show that effective policy strategies in managing the environment related to developed land must pay attention to environmental stewardship, economic collaboration, ecological citizenship movements, and community participation. Policy strategy recommendations should focus on effective policy implementation, strengthening economic collaboration, biodiversity conservation, and community empowerment in environmental decision-making. It is hoped that these strategies can improve the quality of the built land environment and overall improve the welfare of the people of Pekanbaru City. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green finance crime is money laundering stemming from illegal environmental destruction activities. Indonesia is experiencing this problem, where the number of forest clearing, plantations, and mining is increasing, but the results are not enjoyed by the surrounding community, and only enjoyed by a few people and corporations through illegal mechanisms. Ordinary legal mechanisms have not been able to prevent and crack down on green finance crimes in Indonesia. This study aims to analyze green finance crimes in order to optimize green economy transformation in Indonesia. This study used the juridical-normative method. The purpose of this study is to determine the risk mitigation measures for green financial crime in Indonesia. The result of this study is that the problem faced by Indonesia is that it does not understand environmental crime as a criminal act originating from money laundering so the instruments used to overcome this crime are still conventional. Coupled with the ever-evolving, various modes of washing are complex and involve different legal systems in different countries. This makes green finance crime difficult to eradicate with ordinary legal instruments. Thus, the authors propose mitigating legal risks through joint investigations covering multiple devices, multiple institutions, multiple laws and regulations, and multiple sanctions to overcome this. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Opuntia Brava is the property of Universidad de Ciencias Pedagogicas de Las Tunas, Centro de Documentacion e Informacion Pedagogica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article is devoted to the analysis of the legal support of environmental policy in Ukraine. Based on the analysis of the articles of the Constitution of Ukraine, which guarantees citizens the right to a safe environment, it is assumed that the state is obliged to ensure environmental safety and preservation of the environment. It was emphasized that the environmental policy of Ukraine should be aimed at protecting the environment, rational use of natural resources and ensuring environmental safety. The author analyzed a number of normative legal acts that determine the priority vectors of environmental policy in Ukraine at various stages of the development of its statehood - starting from 1991 to the present day. Taking into account the goals of the state environmental policy, declared accordingly in the strategies, a conclusion was made about the urgency of environmental issues in the state management system and increased attention from the state to the definition, detailing, analysis and selection of alternative options for solving the environmental problems that have arisen. It was noted that environmental policy is gradually acquiring the characteristics of a full-fledged state policy and the corresponding sphere of state administration, where the state does not simply declare general goals, but defines tasks in the appropriate directions for the possibility of monitoring the effectiveness of statemanagement decisions and, if necessary, their further adjustment. The growing environmental crisis forces us to recognize that issues of environmental protection should become a priority for the Ukrainian authorities. The state should not only set goals, but also monitor their achievement and adjust plans if necessary. Ukraine should make environmental safety one of its main priorities. Without a healthy environment, it is impossible to build a healthy society. The future of Ukraine depends on how we treat nature today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to the study of the elements of the objective side of unqualified intentional destruction or damage of territories taken under state protection and objects of the nature reserve fund. Analysis of this element of the composition of the criminal offense provided for in Part 1 of Art. 252 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, has been carried out, while taking into account the achievements of criminal and environmental law sciences, provisions of regulatory legislation and materials of court practice. The dominant approach is supported, within which the territories protected by the state and the objects of the nature reserve fund are recognized as the subject, and not the place of the commission of the analyzed criminal offense against the environment. Emphasis is placed on the blanket disposition of Part 1 of Art. 252 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine and the need to specify the charges based on this circumstance. The meaning of the concepts of destruction and damage of the territories taken under the protection of the state and objects of the nature reserve fund is revealed; the differences between these concepts are clarified; it is shown how in court practice the elements of a socially dangerous act, indicated in part 1 of Article 252 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine are interpreted alternatively. A scientific proposal has been made to differentiate (in order to improve Article 252 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine) criminal liability for violation of the regime of territories and objects of the nature reserve fund, as well as other key territories of the ecological network of Ukraine, as a result of which the reduction or loss of their special environmental protection has been made, was subjected to critical analysis. At the same time, the perspective of revealing the content of the socially dangerous consequences of the tort under consideration by referring to the concepts of reduction or loss by specific territories (objects) of their special environmental value was noted. The expediency of clarifying part 2 of Art. 252 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, by taking into account the fact that the destruction or damage of territories and objects, especially those protected by the state, may take the form of inaction, has been pointed out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. Analysis of the theoretical and applied principles and economic and legal status of ensuring guarantees of the right to a favorable environment (GRFE), identification of legal norms in this area that require clarification and development of recommendations for their improvement. Methodology. The research used the dialectical methods to identify the need to change the conceptual legal basis of the GRFE. The hermeneutic method was used to establish normative links between the right to a safe environment and other human rights; formal and legal method – for provision of an additional GRFE instrument appeal to the International Criminal Court in the matter of environmental crimes in wartime. The systemic-structural method was applied to propose delictual legal links between the norms of environmental law and the norms of other branches of law, where the mechanisms for ensuring the GRFE are formed. The method of analysis and synthesis was to establish the fact that the possibility of implementation of the GRFE should be a component not only of environmental, but also of national security of the state. Findings. It is proposed to strengthen the imperative character of the legislative GRFE norms; establish regulatory links between the right to a safe environment and other human rights; to establish delictual legal links between the norms of environmental law and the norms of other branches of law, where the mechanisms for ensuring the GRFE are being formed; to strengthen the effectiveness of legal norms in this area. Legal measures are suggested to strengthen the GRFE and mechanisms which ensure the ability of citizens to realize the right to a favorable environment. It is noted that the possibility to implement the GHBD should be a component not only of environmental, but also of national security of the state. Originality. It is proposed to change the conceptual legal basis of the GRFE, directing it to the maintenance of natural balance, as a prerequisite for ensuring the quality of life. Practical value. The legal norms related to the GRFE, which can lead to legal conflicts, have been identified and ways of solving these problems have been proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article focuses on the role emotions play as a heuristic tool in determining the hierarchy of norms in EU's Arctic policy. In the Arctic, appropriate behaviour prescribed by the norms regarding climate change mitigation (the European Green Deal and the Paris Agreement), environmental protection according to EU environmental law and UN-recognised Indigenous Peoples' rights contradict each other. When multiple norms are to be applied in a situation and they conflict with each other, a prioritisation needs to be made among these norms. This paper investigates how emotions contribute in a heuristic way to determining this priority. It finds out that fear of climate change enables climate change mitigation and regulations of the European Green Deal to gain primacy over environmental protection norms and Indigenous Peoples' rights. Self-confidence of the EU and its trust in Nordic member states in these two areas constrain the EU from taking further protective measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Green Claims Directive (GCD),1 currently a Commission draft, represents the future legal framework for advertising with environmental claims, so-called green claims. The GCD is closely linked to the UCP Amending Directive 2024/825,2 which was published in the Official Journal of the European Union on 6 March 2024. The two directives are intended to form a coherent framework and are therefore considered together in this article. In particular, reference is made to relevant changes of the UCP Amending Directive 2024/825 in the text adopted by the European Parliament on 17 January 2024.3 On 12 March 2024, the EU Parliament voted on the draft GCD at first reading and adopted it with 146 amendments. On 17 June 2024 the European Council adopted its position ('generic approach') and made some significant changes to the draft. The most important amendments are presented in section V. News & Outlook. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article provides an overview of various environmental issues and legislative developments related to climate change and sustainability. It discusses concerns over extreme weather events, the lack of leadership in resiliency planning, and the need for long-term strategies to address increasing temperatures. The article also mentions a landmark case where Switzerland was found to have breached human rights by failing to protect citizens from climate change effects. It provides updates on bills being considered in Parliament, EU regulations on greenhouse gases, and domestic case law examples. Additionally, the article includes a list of ongoing and closed consultations on topics such as clean heat market mechanisms, carbon border adjustment mechanisms, and climate-related financial disclosures. It also highlights select committee reports on issues like deforestation, electric vehicles, and government resilience to extreme weather. The article concludes with news articles on the impact of climate change globally, including record-breaking temperatures in 2023 and the potential breach of the 1.5C temperature rise threshold. These findings emphasize the urgency of addressing climate change. [Extracted from the article]

This article compares the concept of unlawful act in the Indonesian and Dutch Civil Codes, with specific attention to the notorious decision of the Milieudefensie et al v. Royal Dutch Shell Case. Therein, the Dutch Court applied unwritten law under Article 6:612 of the Dutch Civil Code, calling for reduction in carbon emissions through policy changes by the Shell group. The use of unwritten law allowed for a comprehensive assessment of legal bases, including international soft law instruments, such as the United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights. Inspired by such a decision, this article aims to unveil the readiness of Article 1365 of the Indonesian Civil Code in entertaining a similar case. It compares the approach taken in the Milieudefensie et al. v. Royal Dutch Shell Case with pertinent decisions by the Indonesian court concerning the implementation of Article 1365 of the Indonesian Civil Code. Furthermore, it focuses on two prongs of civil liability that are necessary for establishment: 1) unwritten law; and 2) causality. By doing so, this article aims to contribute to the evolving realm of climate litigation, specifically within the framework of civil law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Nachhaltigkeitsrecht is the property of Verlag Oesterreich GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present article investigates the connection between environmental justice and biosecurity. Environmental justice is simply the improvement of environmental conditions for vulnerable populations. Biosecurity is the field that implements different measures that have the intended purpose of preventing the introduction and/or spread of harmful pathogens. The author provides a quick history of the creation of environmental law and subsequently describes the event that occurred in Afton, North Carolina that led to the creation of the concept of environmental justice. Next, the author establishes a nexus between environmental justice and biosecurity through describing the biosecurity issues with laboratories located in Boston, Massachusetts (MS) and Galveston, Texas (TX). The author also discusses the Flint, Michigan water crisis to provide a clear picture of how poor environmental conditions contribute to the harmful spread of pathogens. Lastly, the author provides a possible solution of emphasizing safety measures to promote optimal environmental conditions for vulnerable populations which in turn will strengthen biosecurity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scholarly work in the field of legal geography has grown dramatically in recent decades. While much legal geography scholarship has been influenced by a European-North American perspective, we argue that a distinctive legal geography scholarship also emanates from outside the dominant perspective. Here, we review research from Australia and New Zealand/Aotearoa and label this work as Antipodean legal geography (ALG). We suggest ALG research has made a significant contribution to global legal geography scholarship through an emphasis on environmental law and policy problem solving and through efforts to de-colonialise and expand legal geography's remit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Opole Studies in Administration & Law (OSAO) / Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne (OSAP) is the property of University of Opole / Uniwersytet Opolski and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Increasing numbers of international students attend American universities. Many study business. This article advocates comparative law examples in an introductory Business Law or Legal Environment course, toward signaling respect and inclusion to international students and fostering in American students critical thinking and a global mindset. The article provides background on comparative law and suggestions for how to incorporate comparative law examples on the jury system, eminent domain, defamation, contract law, and employment at‐will. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The so-called Epitome Guelferbitana of the Lex Romana Visigothorum, or (Alaric's) Breviary, has survived, following the oldest version of the Lex Salica, in a manuscript from about 760 ad, now in Wolfenbüttel. The Epitome probably originates from mid 6th century in northern Burgundy, and may have been drafted by an instructor of law. It stands out thanks to its practical handling of the later Roman law at that time and environment, adapting traditional regulations to contemporary demands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a unique environmental regulation in China, the official accountability audit was piloted in 2014. With a focus on prioritizing the ecological environment, officials in pilot districts have implemented economic construction, adjusted industrial structures, and promoted coordinated development between the economy and environment. The effects of implementation have garnered widespread attention from society. However, there is limited research on the impact of an accountability audit on industrial structure adjustments. Using the “Accountability Audit of Officials for Natural Resource Assets (Trial)” released in 2015 as a quasi-natural experiment, this study collected panel data from 279 cities between 2013 and 2017. It then empirically analyzed the impact mechanism and effects of the accountability audit on industrial structure adjustment using the Propensity Score Matching and Difference-in-Differences model. The research findings indicate that the accountability audit directly impacted industrial structure adjustment, promoting the upgrading of the primary industry to the secondary industry and restricting the development of the tertiary industry. In addition, the audit is beneficial for enterprise entry, but not conducive to technological innovation, and has no significant impact on foreign direct investment. This conclusion fills a gap in the existing research and provides valuable insights for policymakers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The marine economy has become an increasingly important contributor to the global economy due to advancements in science and technology and humans' growing ability to manipulate nature. As a country with a vast marine territory, China has the important responsibility of utilizing marine resources rationally and promoting sustainable development of the marine economy. Since the introduction of the Marine Environmental Protection Law of the People's Republic of China (MEPL) in 1982, China has made significant progress in strengthening the legal framework for marine environmental protection. MEPL has undergone several revisions to improve its legal content under the guidance of national policies. On October 24, 2023, the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress revised and adopted MEPL again. This paper analyzes the changes in the contents of the new law and the legal background at home and abroad while integrating the domestic and international legal backgrounds. This paper provides an in-depth analysis of the changes made in the new law, summarizes the revision ideas, and examines the new law in the context of domestic and international laws. The aim is to provide a clear understanding of the spirit and purpose of the legislation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The implementation of the Environmental Protection Tax Law was a significant milestone in China's environmental tax reform. The implementation of this law was influenced throughout the three-year period of epidemic prevention and control (from early 2020 to the end of 2022). Heavily polluting enterprises are the primary focus of regulations under the Environmental Protection Tax Law. This study conducts an empirical analysis using a structural equation model, leveraging sample data obtained from heavily polluting enterprises in China. The findings indicate that during the three-year period of epidemic prevention and control, the Porter Hypothesis effect was realized in terms of tax fairness but not in terms of tax rationality. Therefore, environmental tax law reforms should be pursued and tax authorities in China should make vigorous efforts to enhance the rationality of environmental taxation. This would improve the comprehensiveness of the "Porter Hypothesis" effect, fully harnessing the dual functions of environmental protection and the economic driving force embodied by the Environmental Protection Tax Law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The law onmarine environmental protection is a branch of the law on environmental protection and is the basis for the conduct of marine environmental protection. Since its promulgation in 1982, China's Marine Environmental Protection Law has undergone two revisions and three amendments, forming a legal system based on the Constitution, with the Environmental Protection Law as the overarching principle, the Marine Environmental Protection Law as the core, and various laws on the protection of marine elements as the gripping force. The revision of the Marine Environmental Protection Law in 2023 was based on the 2018 supervision and inspection of the enforcement inspection team of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, the implementation of the construction of a strong maritime country, and the adaptation to the reform of the ocean governance system. Compared with the previous Marine Environmental Protection Law, the improvements of the newly revised law are mainly reflected in the following: optimizing the institutional mechanism, reflecting the Land and Sea Coordination, strengthening supervision and management, strengthening marine litter pollution prevention and control, enhancing the protection of marine biodiversity, strengthening the regulation of estuaries, and strict liability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trade‐offs between traits arise and reflect constraints imposed by the environment and physicochemical laws. Trade‐off situations are expected to be highly relevant for sessile plants, which have to respond to changes in the environment to ensure survival. Despite increasing interest in determining the genetic and molecular basis of plant trade‐offs, there are still gaps and differences with respect to how trade‐offs are defined, how they are measured, and how their genetic architecture is dissected. The first step to fill these gaps is to establish what is meant by trade‐offs. In this review we provide a classification of the existing definitions of trade‐offs according to: (1) the measures used for their quantification, (2) the dependence of trade‐offs on environment, and (3) experimental designed used (i.e. a single individual across different environments or a population of individuals in single or multiple environments). We then compare the approaches for quantification of trade‐offs based on phenotypic, between‐individual, and genetic correlations, and stress the need for developing further quantification indices particularly for trade‐offs between multiple traits. Lastly, we highlight the genetic mechanisms underpinning trade‐offs and experimental designs that facilitate their discovery in plants, with focus on usage of natural variability. This review also offers a perspective for future research aimed at identification of plant trade‐offs, dissection of their genetic architecture, and development of strategies to overcome trade‐offs, with applications in crop breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ocean protection is essential to avoid climate disaster. Phytoplankton, seaweeds, and sea grasses produce more than half of Earth's oxygen-- exceeding all terrestrial forests and plants combined--and absorb about ninety percent of the heat generated by rising emissions. Yet oceans continue to be sites for brazen environmental law violations, from illegal fishing to toxic dumping. International criminal law has largely ignored these crimes, even when they amount to offshore environmental atrocities. Meanwhile, legal structures for ocean governance tend to focus on regulatory compliance, self-policing, and dispute resolution, all of which have proved inadequate to protect oceans and coastal communities. Without more global enforcement, environmental criminals will continue to operate with impunity at sea, even as their crimes exacerbate existential climate threats. Mare liberum or freedom of the seas has been a foundational principle of ocean law for centuries, dating back to the writings of Hugo Grotius. But unconditional free seas are no longer defensible in the Anthropocene. The idea of free seas falsely presumes an inexhaustible ocean too vast to govern. Consequently, governance models based solely on the principle of free seas continue to legitimate careless national policies, destructive relations with marine ecosystems, and exploitation of vulnerable ocean environments. Moving forward the international community must defend oceans as the heritage of all humankind and work together to protect seas against serious environmental harms. This Article develops a blueprint for targeted forms of international criminalization that would deter offshore ecological destruction. It defends international prosecutions for a range of oceanic environmental crimes, including marine pollution, illegal fishing, and seabed destruction caused by illegal trawling or deep-sea mining. Beyond theories of retribution or deterrence, global criminal prosecutions for environmental harms have expressive value during this time of climate crisis. International criminal convictions showcase humanity's shared concern for ocean life and marine environments. Criminalization of grave ocean harms would signal an ecocentric shift in international criminal law and aid multilateral efforts to protect marine environments and to promote new legal duties to nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]