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Copyright of Bezmialem Science is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Current Pediatrics / Guncel Pediatri is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Group A Streptococcus, also known as Streptococcus pyogenes, is the leading cause of bacterial tonsillopharyngitis. It is mostly seen in pediatric age groups, especially between ages 3 and 14. Scarlet fever causes fever, sore throat, and rash. There are no preventive vaccines available. It is transmitted via respiratory droplets. Twenty four hours after antibiotic therapy, the bacterial loses its transmission capacity. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between vitamin D levels and group A beta hemolytic Streptococcus infection in pediatric patients aged 5-15 years. Method: A retrospective investigation of the data of pediatric patients who applied to Bezmialem Hospital between January 2018-June 2023. The inclusion criteria are being between the ages of 5-15 and a positive culture of Streptococcus pyogenes. Patient and control groups of 60 children were created, and the D vitamin levels were analyzed. Results: For statistical analysis, the Mann-Whitney U test was used. The mean vitamin D level in the patient group was 30.42 ng/mL with a standard deviation of 9,426. Median of the patient group was 29 ng/mL. The mean vitamin D level in the control group was 32.58 ng/mL with a standard deviation of 11,116. The median of the control group was 32.50 ng/mL. There was no significant difference between the vitamin D levels of the patient and control groups (p=0.282). Conclusion: According to our study, there was no relationship between group A beta hemolytic Streptococcus infection and vitamin D levels in pediatric patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose We aimed to evaluate the autonomic nervous system activity in children with overactive bladder (OAB) syndrome. Methods Included in the study were 40 children with overactive bladder and 28 healthy controls. Autonomic tests were performed on all participants, including heart rate interval variation (RRIV), heart rate response to valsalva maneuver, and sympathetic skin response (SSR). Results Mean valsalva rates in the overactive bladder and control groups were 1.53 ± 0.29 and 1.30 ± 0.18, respectively, a statistically significant difference ( P < 0.001). Also significantly different were deep breathing RRIV values of the study and control groups: 56.65 ± 14.66 and 47.92 ± 10.15, respectively ( P = 0.008). No statistical differences were found in SSR when OAB patients were compared with controls ( P > 0.05). Conclusions This study demonstrated a parasympathetic hyperactivity in children with OAB, results suggesting a dysfunction in their autonomic nervous systems. Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:673-676, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plasma oxidative stress parameters such as as total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant status (TAS) were well studied in some chronic allergies, but their role is not well known in acute allergic disease such as acute urticaria (AU). The aim of this study is to investigate the oxidative and antioxidative status in children with AU. Eighty-seven children with noninfectious AU and 70 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Blood samples were taken for complete blood count, serum immunoglobulin E (IgE), and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels routinely and for TOS and TAS. The skin prick test was performed and/or specific IgE assays were performed as indicated. Blood samples were also taken for TAS and TOS in the control group. Forty-eight (55%) of the children with AU were male, 39 (45%) of them were female. Mean ages were 6 ± 2.02 and 7 ± 1.38 years in the study and control groups, respectively. TOS levels were significantly high and TAS levels were significantly lower in the acute urticarial group ( P < 0.001) than controls. There was no significant correlation between age, total IgE levels, or eosinophil count and TAS and TOS levels in children with AU. Plasma TOS levels are elevated in children with AU. The high level of TOS indicates that children with AU were exposed to severe oxidative stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study aims to evaluate the children with chronic cough and to analyze their etiological factors according to the age groups. Method: Five hundred sixty-three children with chronic cough were included. The last diagnosis were established and were also emphasized according to the age groups. Results: The mean age was 5.4 ±3.8 years (2-months-17-years) and 52 % of them were male. The most common final diagnosis from all the participants were: asthma (24.9 %), asthma-like symptoms (19 %), protracted bacterial bronchitis (PBB) (11.9 %), and upper airway cough syndrome (9.1 %). However, psychogenic cough was the second most common diagnosis in the subjects over 6 years of age. Conclusion: Asthma and asthma-like symptoms were the most common diagnosis in children. Different age groups in children may have a different order of frequencies. Psychogenic cough should be thought of in the common causes especially in older children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of the Child / Çocuk Dergisi is the property of Journal of Child and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of the Child / Çocuk Dergisi is the property of Journal of Child and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of the Child / Çocuk Dergisi is the property of Journal of Child and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Obesity is a multifactorial disorder resulting from the interaction between genetic, psychological, physical, environmental, and socioeconomic factors. SIRT1 gene has important effects on the regulation of adiponectin, caloric restriction, insulin sensitivity, coronary atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between childhood obesity and SIRT1 gene polymorphisms regarding rs7895833 A > G in the promoter region, rs7069102 C > G in intron 4, and rs2273773 C > T in exon 5 using PCR-CTPP method in 120 obese and 120 normal weight children. In this study, BMI, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, LDL cholesterol, triglyceride, and insulin levels were significantly higher and HDL-cholesterol levels were significantly lower in obese children compared to normal weight children. For rs7895833 A > G, the rate of having AG genotype and G allele was significantly higher in obese children compared to non-obese group ( p < 0.001). The risk for obesity was increased by 1.9 times in G allele carriers; therefore, A allele may be protective against obesity. Both study groups had CT heterozygote genotype for rs2273773 C > T. There was no significant difference for rs7069102 C > G gene polymorphism between groups. Conclusion: This is the first study reporting an association between SIRT1 gene polymorphisms and obesity in children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aging is defined as the accumulation of progressive organ dysfunction. Controlling the rate of aging by clarifying the complex pathways has a significant clinical importance. Nowadays, sirtuins have become famous molecules for slowing aging and decreasing age-related disorders. In the present study, we analyzed the SIRT1 gene polymorphisms (rs7895833 A>G, rs7069102 C>G and rs2273773 C>T) and its relation with levels of SIRT1, eNOS, PON-1, cholesterol, TAS, TOS, and OSI to demonstrate the association between genetic variation in SIRT1 and phenotype at different ages in humans. We observed a significant increase in the SIRT1 level in older people and found a significant positive correlation between SIRT1 level and age in the overall studied population. The oldest people carrying AG genotypes for rs7895833 have the highest SIRT1 level suggesting an association between rs7895833 SNP and lifespan longevity. Older people have lower PON-1 levels than those of adults and children which may explain the high levels of SIRT1 protein as a compensatory mechanism for oxidative stress in the elderly. The eNOS protein level was significantly decreased in older people as compared to adults. There was no significant difference in the eNOS level between older people and children. The current study is the first to demonstrate age-related changes in SIRT1 levels in humans and it is important for a much better molecular understanding of the role of the longevity gene SIRT1 and its protein product in aging. It is also the first study presenting the association between SIRT1 expression in older people and rs7895833 in SIRT1 gene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bezmialem Science is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Phenytoin sodium (PHT Na+) is a potent antiepileptic drug against epileptic seizures and is used as a prophylactic treatment in traumatic brain injury. PHT Na+ leads to the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and DNA is a crucial molecular target of ROS-initiated toxicity. Melatonin and its metabolites possess free-radical-scavenging activity. We therefore designed this study to investigate the potential protective effect of melatonin against PHT Na+-induced DNA damage by using the comet assay in a rat model in vivo. Thirty-three 3-month-old male Wistar rats were divided into five groups of control treated with isotonic sodium chloride (a single injection of isotonic sodium chloride and 100 µL in drinking water for 10 days), ethanol treated (in drinking water for 10 days containing 100 µL of ethanol in each 300-mL drinking bottle), melatonin treated (4 mg/kg body weight [b.w.] intraperitoneally [i.p.] at the start, in drinking water for 10 days), PHT Na+ treated (a single i.p. injection of 50 mg/kg) and PHT Na+ (50 mg/kg b.w., single i.p.) and melatonin (4 mg/kg b.w. i.p. at the start and 4 mg/kg in drinking water for 10 days) cotreated. To determine the protective effects of melatonin, the comet assay was performed using lymphocytes isolated in different time intervals (0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes) from each group of animals. On days 1, 3, 7 and 10, blood samples were taken and the comet assay technique was performed. Our present data suggest that melatonin reversed PHT Na+-induced DNA damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Backround The aim of this study was to determine if the skin temperature of febrile children is affected by the child's exposure to cold outdoor temperatures immediately prior to the taking of that temperature. Methods A total of 150 febrile and non-febrile children (aged 3-10 years) who had walked to the hospital's pediatric emergency department and were thus exposed to outside cold weather were enrolled in the study. Using infrared thermometry, forehead and chest skin temperatures were simultaneously measured every 2 min during the first 14 min after presentation. Temperatures were recorded and differences between the two measurements were calculated. Results By the fifth evaluation (10 min from the first reading), skin temperatures from forehead and chest had equalized. Conclusion Determination of fever from the body parts that had been exposed to cold environmental conditions may cause contradictory results if taken while the child is still chilled from exposure to the cold. For accuracy, children should be acclimated to the indoor temperature before taking body temperature readings. Acclimation takes at least 10 min after coming in from cold weather outside. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate autonomic nervous system dysfunction by measuring pupil sizes in pediatric patients with allergic rhinitis. Subjects and Methods: The study group consisted of 60 children (28 girls and 32 boys) who were age and gender matched with the control group, which also consisted of 60 children (26 girls and 34 boys). The diagnosis of allergic rhinitis was based on the history, physical examination and skin prick test performed by an allergologist. Pupil diameter measurements were performed using the pupillometer incorporated in the NİDEK OPD-Scan. Results: In the allergic rhinitis group, mean photopic and mesopic pupil diameters were 3.52 ± 0.07 and 5.98 ± 0.21, respectively, while in the control group, corresponding measurements were 4.03 ± 0.18 and 6.55 ± 0.16. There was a significant difference for photopic and mesopic pupil diameter between the groups (p < 0.001). Conclusion: This study showed that the pupil size in response to a light stimulus in children with allergic rhinitis was smaller than that of the control group and may indicate parasympathetic hyperactivity and sympathetic hypoactivity. Copyright © 2013 S. Karger AG, Basel [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Jornal de Pediatria is the property of Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aim: We aimed to evaluate the effect of breast milk and formula on the total antioxidant capacity of the plasma. Material and Method: The oxidative stress index was calculated by measuring plasma total antioxidant level and total oxidant level in 35 infants between the ages of 3 and 6 months. The study approved by the ethics committee (14.10.2009-10/7). Results: No significant differences were observed between the two groups in respect of age, gender, plasma total antioxidant status and total oxidant status. Plasma total antioxidant levels were higher in the breast-fed group than the formula-fed group (p=0.004). Plasma total antioxidant status was lower in the breast-fed group compared to the formula-fed infants (p=0.019). The oxidative stress index values of the breast-fed group were lower than formula-fed infants (p=0.006). Conclusions: Breast milk provides better antioxidant defence than does formula in infants before six months of age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Türk Pediatri Arşivi is the property of Aves Yayincilik Ltd. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aims: The objective of this study is to determine the effects of the long-term treatment with inhaled fluticasone propionate on osteocalcin, cortisol levels, and bone mineral status in children with asthma. Methods: This cross-sectional study examined 230 prepubertal children with asthma (aged 6-11) who had intermittently used inhaled fluticasone propionate for at least 5 years at a mean daily dose of 200 μg (range: 200-350 μg). Serum osteocalcin, cortisol, and bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine were obtained from each participant. The control group consisted of gender- and age-matched children (n = 170) who were newly diagnosed with asthma and who were not being treated with corticosteroid. Results: The average age (±SEM) was 8.9 ± 0.7 years, their mean (±SEM) daily steroid dose was 180.3 ± 55.0 μg, with 236.5 ± 17.2 g total steroid use during treatment. Between the study and the control groups, no significant differences were observed in cortisol, osteocalcin levels, and BMD (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Long-term treatment with inhaled fluticasone propionate (100 μg twice daily) revealed no negative effects on serum osteocalcin, cortisol levels, and BMD in children with asthma. Copyright © 2012 S. Karger AG, Basel [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Türk Pediatri Arşivi is the property of Aves Yayincilik Ltd. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aim: We aimed to evaluate the effect of breast milk and formula on the total antioxidant capacity of the plasma. Material and Method: The oxidative stress index was calculated by measuring plasma total antioxidant level and total oxidant level in 35 infants between the ages of 3 and 6 months. The study approved by the ethics committee (14.10.2009-10/7). Results: No significant differences were observed between the two groups in respect of age, gender, plasma total antioxidant status and total oxidant status. Plasma total antioxidant levels were higher in the breast-fed group than the formula-fed group (p=0.004). Plasma total antioxidant status was lower in the breast-fed group compared to the formula-fed infants (p=0.019). The oxidative stress index values of the breast-fed group were lower than formula-fed infants (p=0.006). Conclusions: Breast milk provides better antioxidant defense than does formula in infants before six months of age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives. The aim of the study is to compare the clinical effectiveness of the probiotics-Saccharomyces boulardii and Bifidobacterium lactis-in children who had been diagnosed with rotavirus gastroenteritis. Materials and methods. Seventy five patients aged between 5 months-5 years diagnosed as rotavirus gastroenteritis were included in the study. The patients diagnosed as rotavirus gastroenteritis by latex agglutination test in stool were divided into 3 groups of twenty-five patients each: First group was given oral rehydration therapy and rapid refeeding with a normal diet with Saccharomyces boulardii (spp. I-745), second group was given oral rehydration therapy and rapid refeeding with a normal diet with Bifidobacterium lactis (spp. B94, culture number: N°118529) and third group received only oral rehydration therapy and rapid refeeding with a normal diet. Results. The duration of diarrhea was shorter in the group given oral rehydration therapy and rapid refeeding with a normal diet with Bifidobacterium lactis and Saccharomyces boulardii than the group given only oral rehydration therapy and rapid refeeding with a normal diet. Conclusion. Bifidobacterium lactis has a complemental role in the treatment of rotavirus gatroenteritis and other probiotics may also have a beneficial effect in rotavirus gastroenteritis compared with the therapy included only oral rehydration therapy and rapid refeeding with a normal diet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of the Child / Çocuk Dergisi is the property of Journal of Child and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Complete colonic obstruction in children may occur secondary to congenital, and acquired factors related to the gastrointestinal system. Herein, we report an extraordinary presentation of complete colonic obstruction due to extensive urinary retention in a 3-year-old boy. The possible underlying mechanism was detected as urinary infection in a child with horseshoe kidney. The treatment of the bladder symptoms and urinary infection relieved the obstruction of the colon. To our knowledge, especially in children, colonic obstruction due to urinary retention has not been reported in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Adenoviruses are one of the most common causes of severe gastroenteritis in neonates and young children. The most common gastroenteritis serotypes of adenoviruses are serotypes 40 and 41. Serotypes 40 and 41 cause significant sporadic outbreaks in nurseries, summer camps and public pools. Adenoviruses are defined in 2-6% of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in newborns and children, and in 4-15% of hospitalized children. Enteric adenoviruses are seen most commonly under the age of two years and occur all year round. In our study, we evaluated patients who applied to Bezmialem Vakıf Hospital Pediatric Emergency Department with the complaints such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, vomiting and fever and were diagnosed as AGE; and whose enteric adenoviruses in stool samples were sent to our laboratory for virological analysis. We aimed to investigate the frequency and distribution of antigens by age. Method: Between January 2015 and August 2019, 15,859 stool samples sent to Bezmialem Vakıf Hospital Pediatric Emergency Department with microbiology laboratory pre-diagnosis of AGE were examined for adenovirus. Stool samples collected were studied with antigen kit. Patients were divided into 4 different age groups as 0-3, 3-7, 7-14 and 14-18 age groups and the distribution of the findings according to gender and age groups was examined. Results: Eight hundred and eighty three (5.6%) of 15,859 samples were found to be positive. 361 (40.9%) of the patients with antigens were female and 522 (59.1%) were male. Ninety seven positive results in the 0-3 age group (11.0%), 461 positive results in the 3-7 age group (52.2%), 257 positive results in the 7-14 age group (29.1%), and 68 positive results in the 14-18 age group (7.7%) were achieved. There was a statistically significant difference between viral antigen positivity and age groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: Enteric adenoviruses are an important cause of gastroenteritis especially in nursery and kindergarten childhood. Therefore, adenovirus antigens should be investigated in AGEs especially in this age group. Microbiological confirmation is important both in early diagnosis and symptomatic treatment and in preventing unnecessary antibiotic use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]