1. Fiber-optic multiphoton flow cytometry in whole blood and in vivo.
- Author
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Yu-Chung Chang, Jing Yong Ye, Thommey P. Thomas, Zhengyi Cao, Alina Kotlyar, Eric R. Tkaczyk, James R. Baker, and Theodore B. Norris
- Subjects
MULTIPHOTON processes ,FLOW cytometry ,BLOOD cells ,CANCER cells ,METASTASIS ,BIOINDICATORS ,FIBER optics ,BIOMARKERS - Abstract
Circulating tumor cells in the bloodstream are sensitive indicators for metastasis and disease prognosis. Circulating cells have usually been monitored via extraction from blood, and more recently in vivousing free-space optics; however, long-term intravital monitoring of rare circulating cells remains a major challenge. We demonstrate the application of a two-photon-fluorescence optical fiber probe for the detection of cells in whole blood and in vivo. A double-clad fiber was used to enhance the detection sensitivity. Two-channel detection was employed to enable simultaneous measurement of multiple fluorescent markers. Because the fiber probe circumvents scattering and absorption from whole blood, the detected signal strength from fluorescent cells was found to be similar in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and in whole blood. The detection efficiency of cells labeled with the membrane-binding dye 1,1′-dioctadecyl-3,3,3′,3′-tetramethylindoldicarbocyanine, 4-chlorobenzenesulfonate (DiD) was demonstrated to be the same in PBS and in whole blood. A high detection efficiency of green fluorescent protein (GFP)–expressing cells in whole blood was also demonstrated. To characterize in vivodetection, DiD-labeled untransfected and GFP-transfected cells were injected into live mice, and the cell circulation dynamics was monitored in real time. The detection efficiency of GFP-expressing cells in vivowas consistent with that observed ex vivoin whole blood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
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