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Recently, academic circles have raised concerns about academic citation partnerships. Many researchers receive emails offering these partnerships, often landing in their spam folders. In this paper, I refer to academic citation partnerships as unethical collaborative arrangements where researchers or authors agree to cite each other's work in their academic publications to enhance their academic profiles, often measured by metrics like the h-index. I discuss the characteristics of such partnerships, individuals, and groups who are commonly involved in academic citation partnerships, and clarify what is not considered an academic citation partnership. I argue that these partnerships are predatory and pose a serious threat to scholarly integrity. Such solicitations blur ethical boundaries by treating citations as commodities, similar to predatory journals and conferences. These partnerships compromise the authenticity of scholarly discourse, artificially inflate perceived impacts, and distort academic evaluations. They undermine the pursuit of knowledge for its intrinsic value and exacerbate inequalities in academia by favoring those who can manipulate citation metrics through resources or networks. Addressing this issue requires a commitment to vigilance and adherence to ethical citation standards, ensuring academic discourse that is intellectually honest and genuinely beneficial to academia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current article talks about the activities of volunteers brought to practice when the institution of public safety is implemented during the organization and holding of mass sports events. We will look at the key functions of volunteers in the context of security at sporting events, as well as analyze the legal aspects of their work, including liability, insurance and regulatory issues. Discussing these issues will help us better understand how to effectively use volunteers to address safety issues and minimize potential risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: The entrepreneurship-ethics nexus draws considerable interest from researchers and practitioners with little resolution. Our purpose with this paper is to contribute to the debate by shedding light on the relationship between managers' attitudes toward unethical behavior and their subsequent entrepreneurial intention (EI) in an emerging economy context. Given the complex and multifaceted interplay between unethical behavior and EI, we extend our investigation by including decision-making speed and attitude toward risk to explain the relationship further. We take a granular approach to facets of unethical behavior to gain deeper insights into the specificity of influences they pose on subsequent behavioral intentions. METHODOLOGY: Primary data were collected from 214 Kosovan managers employed in companies from different industries. Hypothesized relationships were tested by conducting hierarchical regression analyses. FINDINGS: Our results indicate that managers with higher EI are not necessarily unethical overall. We did not find support for the hypothesis that managers with stronger attitudes toward unethical behavior demonstrate higher entrepreneurial intentions. Focusing on dimensions of unethical behavior, we find that managers who favor bribery are more entrepreneurially inclined. Furthermore, we find that managers who are quick decision-makers and risk-takers express higher EI. IMPLICATIONS: Theoretically, we add to the existing body of research on ethics and entrepreneurship by empirically examining the relationship between attitude toward unethical behavior and EI and the viability of the Theory of Planned Behavior as a framework for integrating unethical behavior in entrepreneurship research. Our study affirms the extension of the theoretical and empirical underpinnings concerning ethics and entrepreneurship, contemplating that they are pervasive across contexts. We provide important practical implications for managers, especially in the corporate entrepreneurship and training context. Managers are encouraged to foster an entrepreneurial-friendly environment that abides by ethical standards. Our study also informs policymakers of the importance of formal education on entrepreneurship as a mechanism to enforce ethical awareness in future entrepreneurs and intrapreneurs. ORIGINALITY AND VALUE: This study is among the first attempts to test the relationship between unethical behavior and EI in a managerial sample and nonwestern context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is aimed to characterize the skills and qualities of a modern university teacher in Ukrainian higher education as a subject in the process of forming the culture of academic integrity for the future Doctor of Philosophy. The instructor must showcase a profound grasp of the various scientific fields they teach, possessing the foundational knowledge to tackle diverse socio-economic, production, and cultural challenges. Furthermore, it is crucial for the instructor to remain abreast of new research, discoveries, and hypotheses, anticipating the evolving landscape of the science they teach and fostering a culture of scientific and pedagogical thought. Effective communication skills are essential for instructors, facilitating lucid and accessible explanations of intricate concepts and enhancing students’ comprehension of the material. The instructor’s capacity to stimulate the intellectual growth of PhD candidates, nurture creative and critical thinking, and employ innovative teaching methodologies delineates a high level of professionalism. An instructor should also be committed to encouraging the personal development of students, fostering their critical thinking, creative autonomy, and self-expression. All these efforts contribute to the cultivation of academic integrity among PhD candidates. In essence, these characteristics converge to transform the instructor into not just a conduit of knowledge but also a mentor who nurtures the scholarly potential of future PhDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Gumushane Universty Electronic Journal of the Faculty of Communication / Gümüshane Üniversitesi Iletisim Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi is the property of Gumushane Universitesi Iletisim Fakultesi Elektronik Dergisi (e-GIFDER) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Religion & Tolerance / Religija & Tolerancija is the property of Center for the Empirical Researches of Religion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

It is noted that somatic rights, which define human rights to the inviolability of the physical body and medical autonomy, are gaining increasing importance in the modern world. The protection and enforcement of these rights are becoming urgent challenges because they determine the way in which health care is provided and received. It has been established that somatic rights are defined as human rights to the inviolability of the physical body and the right to control it. These rights include the right to privacy of medical information, the right to freely choose medical procedures, as well as the right to confidentiality and protection from any form of medical discrimination. Somatic rights are an important aspect of general human rights and ensure that individuals can make their own decisions about their physical health and medical procedures. It is emphasized that medical law recognizes the right of a person to freedom of choice of medical procedures and treatment, as well as the right to refuse medical intervention. This is related to a person's right to control his physical body and make decisions about it. It also provides protection against any form of medical discrimination based on gender, age, race, religion or other characteristics, which contributes to the observance of the principle of equal opportunities and respect for somatic rights in all areas of medical practice. It is emphasized that reproductive rights include the right to freely choose the number of children, intervals between births, as well as the right to access information and services related to reproductive health. They allow a person to make decisions about their reproductive future according to their own values and beliefs. Medical law includes norms and principles that regulate medical practice, relationships between medical professionals and patients, and also ensure compliance with ethical standards in the medical field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Uzhhorod National University Herald Series Law is the property of Uzhhorod National University, State Higher Educational Establishment and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The use of ChatGPT in academic writing is a hot topic at the moment, being seen as a threat to academic integrity. It is used both by students in completing assignments and by researchers in writing articles. The aim of this paper is to explore the impact of ChatGPT on academic writing, by analysing the existing literature related to this topic, and to identify which are the research directions in this field. To achieve the purpose of this paper, a scientometric analysis was performed, using the Web of Science database. The results reveal three research directions: 1) The implications of using ChatGPT in academic writing: benefits and limitations; 2) AI-generated content detection methods and tools used to prevent cheating, and 3) Establishing generally accepted ethical standards for using ChatGPT in academic writing. The analysis of the relevant articles included in these clusters highlights the impact of ChatGPT on academic writing, both its potential benefits and technical limitations, but also the ethical challenges it raises. This study calls for a collective effort to establish generally accepted ethical standards and discuss evaluation methods, which should be adapted as AI technology continues to advance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: A targeted research goes through some stages called the research process to solve problems. The research process can be defined as the life cycle of any research, and each stage requires the implementation of unique ethical principles. By entering the era of internet-based research, it is necessary to increase the researcher's level of awareness, attitude, and performance regarding the standards of research ethics. Therefore, the awareness of different types of scientific misconduct and familiarity with ethical duties in the research process are the first steps in the development of the ethics-oriented path in scientific societies. Also, the research system activists, from authors, editors, publishers, and reviewers of publications, to policymakers, i.e. managers and decision-makers of universities, organizations, and research centers, by adhering to the principles of research ethics or providing appropriate infrastructure to promote, cultivate and implement ethical standards, should Help smooth this path in the research system. Therefore, to implement complementary measures, the present study strived to analyze and explain the operational dos and don'ts of research ethics, especially in the policymaking aspect of the research system by entering the second step. Methods: This study reviewed the research and documents related to research ethics in the dimensions of internal and external policies, to analyze and explain the dos and don'ts of research ethics confronted by research system policymakers. To collect texts, three internal databases such as "Magiran", "SID" and "Civilica" and three external citation databases such as "Web of Science", "Scopus" and "Google Scholar" It has been examined in both categories regardless of the period. Findings: Through studying the texts, "scientific formalism", "publishing pressure", "focusing on punitive policies", and "weak monitoring system of journals" were identified as the don'ts faced by the policymakers of the research system, each of which in turn has produced obstacles in the development path ethical research. Furthermore, measures such as "focusing on problem-oriented and demand-oriented research", "tendency to systems thinking", and "directing toward academic socialization" were identified as the dos of the research system. Conclusion: Along with the formulation of ethical codes in research, the policymakers of the research system must implement mechanisms to prevent and manage research violations with a positive approach and cultivate ethical activists. Meanwhile, scientific structure and culture as well as an efficient educational system can significantly contribute to the institutionalization of ethical values and attitudes in research. Therefore, it is clear that the policymakers of the research system, while formulating legal and criminal principles and standards, need to pay special attention to incentive policies to support scientific self-regulation institutions and develop and promote healthy and applied research. Finally, it is suggested that in future studies, the level of performance of the activists and especially the policymakers of the research system in the field of fulfilling research ethics should be evaluated and compared. Also, at the national level, it is necessary to identify the factors influencing the construction of the desired future of research and publication ethics so that the results can be used in the policies of the research system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we examine issues of correctness and ethics in mathematics publishing through recent developments in the publishing landscape. Errors are especially critical in mathematics research, but questions on how proper journal management should maintain correctness have received comparatively little attention. As basis of our analysis, we use experiences by the author and colleagues, as well as published accounts of various incidents. Specifically, we build on the monograph case of the preceding article, and discuss actions by the involved parties through a list of anonymous aliases. The study focuses, qualitatively, on conformance to standards of scientific conduct. Exposing dubious practices of editors, authors, and reviewers, we provide evidence that consistency efforts at various venues for scientific communication are insufficient. The role of the internet and digital reserve is discussed, as well as modern trends like automated journal infrastructure, machine verification, and citation statistics. To address the resulting problems, we suggest that paying reviewers is the only viable neutral (bias-unsupportive) reward scheme, but that it must be coupled with stricter journal-internal inspection/grading. We also propose, describing in detail, a facility that allows authors to (discreetly) evaluate editors, and a setup to address correctness disputes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A major challenge of media ethics nowadays is to make a selection of ethical standards applicable to this field, a reassessment of media ethics to keep some of the ethical principles valid and to eliminate or replace the outdated ones. Some principles, such as the respect for truth, are valid regardless of the media. However, one of the most common problems nowadays is that journalists in the mainstream media pick up rumours and fake news from social networks without proper verification. Public journalism is a valuable source of information or images, especially in cases where professional journalists have little or no access to information, but it is also criticized for ignoring ethical standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Business Consultant / Poslovni Konsultant is the property of FINconsult Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Writing is challenging in second language and its test construction is rather problematic. The present study is aimed to offer an overview of the fundamental considerations in the test construction in English language teaching. The significance of test validity, test reliability, task interactiveness, test attentiveness, test impact, and test practicality have been employed to improve educational practices. The researcher has considered the validity and reliability as severe concerns for the issues in question and the review has been advanced to add to the understanding of the former's value in designing a writing test. Desktop reach formed the base of this research. The search confirms that the aforementioned characteristics are central to the design. This confirms with the research findings available in the literature of teaching and testing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Physicians are integral members of hospice interdisciplinary teams (IDTs). This statement delineates the core roles and responsibilities of hospice medical directors (HMDs) and hospice physicians who are designated by the hospice program to fulfill core HMD responsibilities. In addition, we describe the basic elements of hospice programs' structure and function required for hospice physicians to fulfill their roles and responsibilities. Finally, we call attention to hospice program characteristics and circumstances of the work environment that should raise a hospice physician's concerns that hospice patients and families are at risk of receiving low-quality care. Such factors include lack of a functioning IDT, minimal physician involvement in direct patient care and clinical IDT meetings, inadequate responses to symptom emergencies in patients' homes, and no or limited access to general inpatient and continuous home hospice care. We write as individual physicians who are concerned about troubling variability in access to and quality of U.S. hospice care. This statement arises from the need to protect the safety and well-being of vulnerable seriously ill people with their families from low-quality hospice care. This statement is primarily intended to be a resource to hospice physicians in negotiating employment agreements and justifying staffing and programmatic resources necessary to perform their jobs well. This statement may also serve as a resource and reference for patient advocacy groups, hospice industry leaders, health services oversight organizations, accountability agencies, and legislatures in efforts to ensure the safety, quality, and reliability of hospice care in the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a growing body of global research demonstrating the significance of mental health to individuals' overall happiness and productivity. The research evidence has encouraged governmental agencies in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) to divert more attention toward the provision and development of mental health services. As the sector grows, one of the first issues of concern is the adherence to a unified set of ethics of practice. The purpose of this paper is to present and discuss the existing ethical codes of conduct relevant to the mental health profession in the unique context of the UAE. Specifically, this discussion will focus on the interaction of cultural factors with the ethical standards of confidentiality, informed consent, and multiple relationships. This paper provides an initial reference for researchers and practitioners to explore regional issues of ethical standards in mental health services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Der Schmerz is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

According to the antiascetic hypothesis, religiosity should be strongly related to behaviors that violate ascetic standards (getting drunk and using marijuana), but only weakly related to behaviors that violate social standards (violence and stealing). Using the second wave of the National Study of Youth and Religion, I tested the antiascetic hypothesis using a question about the most important basis for deciding what is morally right or wrong. Contrary to the antiascetic hypothesis, individuals who believe that God's law is the most important for deciding what is morally right or wrong, compared to those who believe that society is the most important, are not less likely to get drunk or use marijuana. Furthermore, for getting drunk and marijuana use, differences in behavior are not the result of different ethical standards (ascetic or social), but rather differences in the willingness to uphold those standards (is it OK to break moral rules). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides an overview of growing menace of corporate governance failures in India. It has also analysed the concept of conflicts of interest and their adverse impact on level of corporate governance in Indian companies. There are different reasons in corporate governance failure like weak governing board, avoidance of regulatory compliance, avoidance of signalling system, behavioural problems, lack of transparency, problem of accountability, absence of risk management strategies. In Indian context, institutions of gatekeepers' concept are getting popularity in ensuring compliance mechanism by corporates. These gatekeepers are auditors, proxy advisory firms, rating agencies, whistleblowers, and shareholders activist. These gatekeepers also help in deterring publicly held companies from avoiding regulatory compliance and disclosures. Despite of companies Act, 2013, SEBI Guidelines 2015 and other regulatory mechanism, corporate governance failures exist in the system. It is unfortunate that many cases of corporate governance failures are reported to regulatory authorities from time to time. To control governance failure, companies can take steps to address weaknesses and strengthen their governance structures. This includes enhancing transparency and accountability, establishing effective controls, effective compliance and risk management processes. Companies are also required to ensure that the governing board is independent, diverse, and possesses the necessary expertise to provide effective leadership and oversight. Besides, some suggestions have also been given in the paper to solve the problem of governance failure. The paper aims to provide an overall picture of present scenario of corporate governance failure. It also tries to find out the various reasons for the failure of concept of corporate governance in India. It also presents suggestive framework to make the corporate governance more effective and viable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pro Futuro is the property of University of Debrecen and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Miscreants, in the form of deviants and dark personalities, impact organizations more than we realize. Most management instruction on ethics issues focuses on helping students to understand how to evaluate difficult situations, make ethical decisions, and engage in ethical actions. While this approach works well for the individual decision maker, it fails to help students learn how to anticipate and proactively prevent the unethical actions of others. Using ethical codes as a backdrop, “Thinking Like a Bad Guy” is a provocative classroom activity to elicit critical and creative thinking among business students. The goal of this exercise is to facilitate student learning so they can anticipate the behaviors of bad actors and alter organizational processes and procedures to mitigate the ability of others to violate organizational ethical standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tesla Revista Científica is the property of Puerto Madero Editorial Academica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the conditions of modern dynamic globalization processes the need to apply uniform, internationally recognized principles and requirements for professional ethics of accountants and auditors in a global plan is increasingly growing. This requires an increasing convergence of ethical standards in this area applied in the individual countries around the world. The Republic of Bulgaria follows global trends in the processes of introduction and application of high-quality international ethical standards in the sphere of accounting and auditing activities. The primary goal of the paper is to explore the fundamental ethical principles and requirements in the accounting and auditing activities in Bulgaria in the modern conditions. It examines the role and importance of the international ethical standards for professional accountants and auditors in the context of economic globalization. These standards are a result of global efforts for summarizing the world experience in the area of accounting and auditing ethics, of existing basic ethical values in different countries and the common issues of ethical nature for accounting and auditing practice in a global aspect. Based on the results of the research, the conclusions are made about the important advantages and benefits of implementation of globally recognized ethical principles and requirements in accounting and auditing profession. The working methodology of the study of the problems in the paper is based on the methods of observation, comparison, analogy, analysis, synthesis, induction and deduction. The application of the historical-logical and normative approaches and the method of comparative analysis are of essential significance for achieving the primary goal of the research and for substantiating its results. The paper emphasizes the functions of the ethical principles in the field of accounting and auditing activities. Four basic functions of these principles are highlighted – informative, regulatory, evaluative and forming. The informative function is related to the consideration of the ethical principles as a source of information for system of professional ethical values that are required to be observed in accounting and auditing activities. The regulatory function is expressed in the purpose of ethical principles for regulation of the professional behavior of accountants and auditors through tools of the moral regulator. The evaluative function of the ethical principles is realized through their use in accounting and auditing practice as criteria for assessment of the activities of accountants and auditors from the point of view of ethics. With the forming function the ethical principles provide the formation of specific values, beliefs and qualities that support the professional activities of accountants and auditors and the making of correct decisions regarding arising ethical problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

'Ethical infrastructure' is considered as one of the tools for ensuring that public officials declare their assets and comply with ethical standards in different countries across the globe. This is even more important in developing countries where corruption is perceived to be a major threat to development. Despite this recognition, most countries especially in the developing world suffer from ineffective assets declaration by public officials and a lack of compliance to ethical standards. A similar situation is repored in Tanzania where lack of compliance with ethical standards and assets declaration has been the order of the day despite the establishment of ethics infrastructure. This article examines existing ethics infrastructure in the public service and establishes the reason for the noncompliance of public officials to the existing ethics infrastructure in assets declaration. This paper, is a desk review of concept, theory and empirics of assets declaration and assets infrastructure across the globe and Tanzania in particular and the review includes the analysis of rules, regulations and guidelines which constitutes ethics infrastructure and govern assets declaration in Tanzania. The findings of the review indicate that ethics infrastructure is a foundation for assets declaration but the actual implementation depends on the government's will and the strength of the enforcement mechanism. The government needs to increase the autonomy and resources for enforcing authority and transparency in assets declaration and provide ethical training to public officials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The discovery of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) inspired hope for the successful treatment of bone disorders, but side effects worsening the clinical effects were eventually observed. BMPs exert a synergistic effect, stimulating osteogenesis; however, predicting the best composition of growth factors for use in humans is difficult. Chondrocytes present within the growth plate produce growth factors stored in calcified cartilage adhering to metaphysis. These factors stimulate initial bone formation in metaphysis. We have previously determined the growth factors present in bovine calcified cartilage and produced by rat epiphyseal chondrocytes. The results suggest that growth factors stimulating physiological ossification are species dependent. The collection of human calcified cartilage for growth factors determination does not appear feasible, but chondrocytes for mRNA determination could be obtained. Their collection from young recipients, in view of the Academy of Medical Royal Colleges Recommendation, would be ethical. The authors of this review do not have facilities to conduct such a study and can only appeal to competent institutions to undertake the task. The results could help to formulate a better recipe for the stimulation of bone formation and improve clinical results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Little publicity is given in mathematics to journal organization and maintaining correctness of the literature. However, worrisome policies of editorial handling and peer review are exercised in mathematical academia. They originate both from modern trends (like automatization) and from a traditionally and widely spread complacent and idle attitude in academic circuits. This article displays such policies on the basis of specific instances and the reaction these practices lead to when issues about correctness of published mathematics are raised. It is drawn on concrete cases, which are crucial to understanding the cause of problems, and hence also possible approaches to solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Academic integrity is addressed, with a particular focus on the field of human resource development. Academic integrity can be connected to ideal values such as honesty, trust, fairness, respect, responsibility, and courage. Key sources pertaining to academic integrity are presented, along with "areas of concern" highlighted by recent research. Some of the available resources pertaining to academic integrity are listed, along with a final call to action, including a call to "integrous living." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Codes of ethics in medicine have an ancient tradition, extending back to the Oath of Hippocrates. Yet it was only in the early 1970s that the speciality of psychiatry developed a specific code to address the unique ethical dilemmas and complexities arising in psychiatric practice. As the 50th anniversary of the publication of psychiatry's first code of ethics approaches, it is timely to reflect on the progress, role, and impact of such codes. Our aim is to provide a historically informed review of codes of ethics in psychiatry – their origins and evolution, the current picture, and the possibilities for future development. Methods: We conducted a selective review of relevant literature (including all codes of ethics accessible on the websites of World Psychiatric Association members states), analysis of the form and content of codes and related documents in psychiatry, and interviews of psychiatrists who have played central roles in their evolution. Results: Of the 143 WPA member states, only 15 codes of ethics for psychiatrists were identified, and few of these were associated with professional disciplinary processes. We found that these codes are rarely revised and sometimes supplemented with other statements and guidelines. Conclusions: While there are difficulties in measuring the direct effectiveness of codes of ethics on the practice of psychiatrists, we conclude that these codes help to (1) promote professional solidarity and autonomy, (2) enhance moral sensitivity, and (3) aid in psychiatric education and training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we investigate whether the academic experience of senior corporate leaders, often referred to as 'top management', impacts the quality of corporate internal control. Data collected from Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share listed firms in China demonstrate that senior leaders having academic experience can improve corporate internal control quality significantly. This study also finds that this impact varies with a firm's agency costs and risk. In firms with higher agency cost (state-owned or larger firms) or higher risk, academic top managers play a more significant role in improving corporate internal control quality. The results are attributed to higher ethical standards, risk aversion and risk management abilities of senior executives given the perspectives awarded them during their academic experience. Further analysis shows that the differing roles of senior executives within such teams are quite distinct in how they improve internal control quality. Our findings contribute to the current internal control literature and have policy implications for evaluation of corporate internal control. It may also help enhance the processes in recruiting and selecting senior executives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recent global economic crisis has highlighted the vulnerability of millions of women in apparel supply chains worldwide. Despite decades of activism and a plethora of corporate social responsibility and ethical labelling initiatives, there has been little evidence of progress toward greater equity in the fashion sector. Why can’t we make fashion more fair? This article explains historically rooted causes of inequity for Black and Brown women in apparel supply chains and details the rise of Fair Trade initiatives intended to use market forces to improve existing practices and support alternatives. Attempts to use consumerism and market forces to drive social change raised deep questions for social movement actors regarding first principles. Notwithstanding years of effort, Fair Trade apparel has failed to achieve any significant market penetration. Yet the sector as a whole is experiencing overlapping shocks of digitisation, climate change and pandemic-exacerbated disruptions to supply chains. Social movement actors are also targeting the sector with new demands for social and economic justice. This may provide opportunities to redesign our thinking around Fair Trade and what constitutes fairness in fashion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Gumushane Universty Electronic Journal of the Faculty of Communication / Gümüshane Üniversitesi Iletisim Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi is the property of Gumushane Universitesi Iletisim Fakultesi Elektronik Dergisi (e-GIFDER) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Bioetica is the property of Universidad El Bosque and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article chronicles the experiences of one witness involved in the hearings conducted by the ITAA Board of Trustees in response to ethics charges brought against Jacqui Schiff in the mid-1970s. It describes her refusal to accept that the charges had any relevance and her belief that the matter was a groundless political vendetta. Going to extreme measures, the board, and then ITAA President Ruth McClendon, in particular, made every attempt to hold fair hearings. In the end, Schiff was found culpable of ethics violations. She refused to admit the validity of the board's findings and also the conditions they set out for her remaining a member of the ITAA. As a result, she terminated her membership by default. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural & Agribusiness Economists is the property of Polish Association of Agricultural & Agribusiness Economists and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Ethical standards are, in theory, as important, or even more relevant than the actual research itself. But the journey that led educators, academics, researchers and other specialists to arrive at modern research ethical standards was a long, disputed and unethical voyage. Ethical research is based on principles such as social value, informed consent, fair subject selection, a favorable risk-benefit ratio, scientific validity, respect and many others. Ethics takes into consideration a constellation of factors, which will be discussed and detailed in this article. The analysis compares the perspectives of micro and macro-ethics, and of research ethics in various domains of activity, such as psychology, education and linguistics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Today's consumers are aware of restaurants' effects on the environment and pressure them to implement green practices. As restaurant success largely depends on how employees meet customer expectations, employee green creative behavior (EGCB) is critical. Therefore, this study aims to investigate how to enhance EGCB by integrating a comprehensive set of three-dimensional components: external, organizational and individual factors. Design/methodology/approach: Data analysis was conducted using responses from full-time employees in the US restaurant industry. The PROCESS macro was used to test the direct and indirect relationships between the study variables. A series of mediation analyzes were conducted to investigate the mediation effects of "restaurant ethical standards" and "employee green passion" on their relationships to "customer pressure" and EGCB. Findings: The results verified a direct effect of "customer pressure" on "restaurant ethical standards" and EGCB. The study also demonstrated positive direct relationships of "restaurant ethical standards" – "employee green passion" and "employee green passion" – EGCB. The result showed that "restaurant ethical standards" and "employee green passion" sequentially explained the partial impact of "customer pressure" on EGCB. Practical implications: The study recommends that restaurant managers acknowledge growing customer environmentalism and prepare to address their customers' stricter green requirements. Restaurants need to review their ethical standards on a regular basis to meet rising customer pressure. The study also offers empirical evidence regarding the importance of selecting employees who are passionate about sustainability and empowering them to encourage their green creative behavior. Originality/value: Although past studies have introduced various determinants of employee creative behavior, they have mainly focused on organizational and individual-level factors but have ignored a critical external factor, which is customer pressure. The study addresses this research gap by investigating the interrelationships between customer pressure and EGCB through restaurant ethical standards (organizational-level) and employee green passion (individual-level). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this short essay, I re‐emphasize the inter‐relationship between mentoring doctoral students or postdocs and the never ending problem of assessing the quality of scientific outputs. It includes the plea to mentees and mentors not to employ an overblown language in papers, posters and lectures, which constitute a gross exaggeration of the true state of affairs. Doubt is also cast on the present use of Hirsch‐factors and other bibliometric data as well as certain social media claiming to be effective in assessing scientific quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mahesh Dattani is one of the forerunners of Indian English literature. Playwriting is a best outlet for his potential to penetrate into Indian urban society. His "Where there is a Will" is primarily based on an upper-middle classification industrial Gujrati family and its relation to other individuals. Family is an integral part of life and no one can refuse the responsibilities of it. It is the bond that sticks everyone to live with hope. Dattani as a keen observer of social conditions portray the lack of familial responsibilities in his plays. Hence, the paper traces the lack of passion in the selected play. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: This study aimed to investigate barriers in the observation of professional ethics during clinical care from a nursing viewpoint. Also, it examined the association between these barriers and nurse demographic variables. Methods: A descriptive-analytic design was carried out on 207 nurses working in selected hospitals within an urban area of Iran in 2019. Data were collected using a standard questionnaire containing 33 questions that measured barriers to observation of professional ethics. The questionnaire measures three domains of management, environment and individual care. Results: In the management dimension, the most important barrier preventing observation of professional ethics was the shortage of personnel. For the environmental dimension, biological changes due to working on the nightshift, and for the individual care dimension, a lack of time were the most important barriers preventing observation of clinical ethics. Findings additionally highlighted a significantly inverse association between barriers to observing professional ethics and the male gender, participating in the ethics workshop and high work-level experiences. Conclusions: It is suggested that nursing managers in hospitals correct and remove obstacles with careful planning and emphasis on principles and standards of care including environmental and managerial factors and training professional ethics to nurses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the antiquity of corruption phenomenon, it is considered one of the most important issues that took a dangerous global dimension, as it became the most serious challenges of all societies, and given that corruption was a turning away from the rightness and the straightness, its effects are devastating to the happy and good life that God has given to his worshippers and ordered man to live it with righteous and to avoid sin and vice. Perhaps the most serious consequence of corrupt practices is the significant imbalance that affects the deontology and the values of society, so that bribery and Commission are regarded as tip and even as a component of the incentive system in daily transactions. That is why, we will try in this intervention to focus on clarifying the concept of corruption linguistically and terminologically from the perspective of different international entities as well as from Islamic Shariah, then the causes of corruption in all aspects, before dealing with its different impacts, and then finally to conclude with some recommendations for processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Concerns about ethical issues in ICTD/ICT4D research have been growing in recent years, alongside calls to agree minimum ethical standards. This paper reflects on the three-year participatory process, co-facilitated by the authors, that has led to collective agreement on such a set of minimum ethical standards for ICTD/ICT4D research. The standards have been published (at ) under a Creative Commons licence, and are open for further comment. The current version has been endorsed by the ICTD conference series, and there is ongoing dialogue about their implementation by other conferences, journals, and funding bodies. While the standards themselves are a collective effort, in this paper the facilitators lay out their own specific thinking and approach to the co-production process that they designed and facilitated. It considers the successes, potential for further improvement, as well as critical features underpinning the standards' legitimacy. These reflections may help guide other research communities interested in such participatory self-regulation processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The cornerstone of all nursing care is professional ethics. Nursing ethics is the essence of nursing professionalism and its observance is the same as the expectations of the patients. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the barriers to professional ethics in nursing practice from the perspective of nurses at Imam Khomeini Hospital in Sarab (2018). Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 108 clinical nurses in Sarab city hospital in 2018 who were selected by simple random sampling. The data collection tools of the two questionnaires, which included demographic characteristics and a standard research questionnaire of the Barriers to observe standards of professional ethics from the perspective of nursing staff that had three areas: Management, environment, and personal care. SPSS software version 24 was used to analyze the data and in this regard, descriptive statistics (including: frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation) were used. Results: From the nurses' point of view, the most important obstacles in the managerial dimension are the shortage of staff with an average (4.1±35.05) and insufficient moral and legal support of senior managers of nursing staff with an average (4.1±25.02), in the environmental dimension. Abnormal expectations of patients and their companions from nursing staff with a mean (4.1±10.15) and crowded wards with an average (3.1±87.22), also in the individual-care dimension, there was insufficient income or insufficient rest in the nursing staff with an average (3.1±87.24). Conclusion: Lack of staff, insufficient income or insufficient rest, and unreasonable expectations of patients and companions were identified as influential aspects in non-compliance with professional ethics. Therefore, it is hoped that the medical authorities will try to remove the existing barriers by providing appropriate solutions, to witness the observance of rights in systems valleys in a better way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Horyzonty Wychowania is the property of Jesuit University Ignatianum in Krakow and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Global health gains can be achieved through strengthening health systems to identify and address implementation challenges in low- and middle-income countries. Participatory research, that promotes joint problem and solution finding between communities and different health systems actors, supports policy implementation analysis at all levels. Within the neglected tropical disease programmes in Liberia and Nigeria, we applied participatory action research (PAR) to address programmatic and health system bottlenecks with health systems strengthening embedded. This paper shares learning from 20 interviews with co-researchers, from national and sub-national levels and academic researchers who worked collaboratively to understand challenges, co-create solutions and advocate for policy change. Through analysis and reflections of existing PAR principles, we inductively identified five additional guiding principles for quality, ethical standards and ongoing learning within PAR projects that aim to strengthen health systems. (1) Recognize communities as units of identity and define stakeholder participation to ensure equitable engagement of all actors; (2) enable flexible action planning that builds on existing structures whilst providing opportunities for embedding change; (3) address health systems and research power differentials that can impede co-production of knowledge and solution development; (4) embed relational practices that lead to new political forms of participation and inquiry within health systems and (5) develop structures for ongoing learning at multiple levels of the health system. PAR can strengthen health systems by connecting and co-creating potentially sustainable solutions to implementation challenges. Additional research to explore how these five additional principles can support the attainment of quality and ethical standards within implementation research using a PAR framework for health systems strengthening is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ethics and standards of conduct in public administration are a key component of public relations. The most important criterion for ethics in public administration should be the "public interest", as the public administration has as its main purpose to meet public needs and to defend the interests of citizens and organizations. The public interest is the principal determinant of whether a certain behaviour in public administration is ethical or not. However, it is necessary to emphasize that to proclaim the public interest, it must be regulated in the Constitution and the laws of the country. The dynamics of development and the growing public attention to the ethical aspects of public administration determine the indisputable relevance of the studied issues. The present study aims to analyze the importance of administrative ethics and to outline the main trends in the field of ethics and standards of conduct in public administration. In connection with the goal thus defined, the main scientific tasks consist in the following: to analyze the essence and the main characteristics of the administrative ethics; to consider the main factors influencing administrative ethics; to analyze the most important elements of the ethical infrastructure and to outline the important role of the codes of ethics. In methodological terms, the development is based on the application of the following types of research methods: desk research, secondary data analysis, content analysis. Due to the complexity and specificity of the researched issues, a complex scientific toolkit was used in the process of the work. Based on the analyses made, the following main results can be pointed out: issues of ethics in public administration are becoming increasingly important; the lack of ethics in public administration is much more noticeable than its presence; codes of ethics play a key role in the ethical infrastructure. A main conclusion can be made that ethical behaviour in public administration is a key factor for good governance. It is recommended to apply a set of tools to stimulate ethical behaviour in the public administration, as this will contribute to increasing public confidence and raising the prestige of the civil service. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of General Medicine / Obsta Medicina is the property of Medical University - Sofia, Central Medical Library and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To reduce the global burden of the COVID-19 pandemic, there is an urgent need to develop a safe vaccine. Vaccine development usually takes many years as it goes through several different phases. To hasten COVID-19 vaccine development, it has been suggested that the final stage could be replaced with a human challenge trial (HCT). Volunteers would be intentionally infected with SARS-CoV-2 to see how the vaccine candidate works. To intentionally infect a healthy human being with a potentially deadly virus is contrary to the highest ethical standards in medical research. This article highlights the benefits and risks of COVID-19 HCTs and summarises what research ethics committees (RECs) need to consider during the ethical assessment of such trials including risk reduction, strict containment measures, specific informed consent measures and avoiding high monetary inducements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Due to the fact that the value of public health and the value of individual health take precedence in health policies that respond to the pandemic created by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, there must be a number of limitations on autonomy and informed consent, equity in access to health, etc., and the limits of these measures must be clear to both decision-makers and the public, so the measures must be taken and implemented from an ethical perspective. This lecture will address a number of ethical features that should be taken into account during the pandemic. Public health measures must take into account a number of ethical principles, namely: the intervention should be based on research and be proportionate to the threat to public health posed by that infection, or that the public health hazard, in general, represents for a particular society in one area or another of the world. The purpose of the intervention must be dimensioned in such a way that the intervention is based on the scientific results and the professional judgment of the public health experts in the respective region. The results and goals of health policies as well as the reasons why the intervention takes place must be clearly communicated to the public and be understood accordingly (Cook, 2020). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]