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The shortcomings of qualitative visual assessment have led to the development of computer-based tools to characterise and quantify disease on high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) in patients with interstitial lung diseases (ILDs). Quantitative CT (QCT) software enables quantification of patterns on HRCT with results that are objective, reproducible, sensitive to change and predictive of disease progression. Applications developed to provide a diagnosis or pattern classification are mainly based on artificial intelligence. Deep learning, which identifies patterns in high-dimensional data and maps them to segmentations or outcomes, can be used to identify the imaging patterns that most accurately predict disease progression. Optimisation of QCT software will require the implementation of protocol standards to generate data of sufficient quality for use in computerised applications and the identification of diagnostic, imaging and physiological features that are robustly associated with mortality for use as anchors in the development of algorithms. Consortia such as the Open Source Imaging Consortium have a key role to play in the collation of imaging and clinical data that can be used to identify digital imaging biomarkers that inform diagnosis, prognosis and response to therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article we have to study the diagrammatic representation between Topological indices and Alkanes. Most of the researchers have done a wonderful result in their research activities in the similar field. But here, we can see the diagrammatic representation between Topological indices and 67 Alkanes. In this article, I am taking three types of topological indices namely Wiener index, Hyper Wiener index and Terminal Wiener index of 67 Alkanes. I also take Range chart of 67 alkanes and the three types of Wiener indices. Range chart is a very good method of showing the range of variation that is the minimum and the maximum values of a variable. For example if we are interested in showing the difference between the physico-chemical properties of 67 alkanes and the three types of Wiener indices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research article aims to establish the values of fourteen notable topological indices that are defined on some chemical structures belonging to the Penicillin class of drugs, which are a type of antibiotic derived from Penicillin fungi. This is performed to predict the Physicochemical properties of these compounds through Quantitative Structure-Property Relationships (QSPR). Also, it is observed that these characteristics have a good correlation with the Physico-chemical characteristics of the selected chemical structures of the penicillin class of compounds. The chemical properties of the selected compounds that this paper discusses include Polarizability, Log Octanol-Water Partition Coefficient(Log Kow), Molecular Volume, Molar Refractivity, Log P, Soil Absorption Coefficient (Koc), Log Koc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The QSPR analysis of the distance-based topological indices Wiener, Terminal, and Hyper Wiener is discovered for 67 alkanes,. The eight physicochemical qualities of 67 alkanes and the three different types of Wiener index values are connected to predict the physicochemical features of structural isomers of alkanes. In this study, the QSPR method is used to analyse alkane characteristics for indices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research article aims to propose four novel degree-based topological indices ABI1index, ABI2 index, ABI3 index & ABI4 index. Further, the values of molecular structures of eighteen structural octane isomers are calculated using these indices. The correlation coefficients of these indices with twelve physical properties are evaluated and employed for QSPR study through multiple linear regression analysis. These properties include entropy(S), acentric factor(A.F), enthalpy of vaporization(HVAP), standard heat of vaporization(DHVAP), boiling point(BP), critical temperature(TC), critical pressure(PC), critical volume(VC), density(D), quadratic mean radius(R2 m), heat of vaporization(Hf), heat of formation(Hv) of octane isomers. This paper involves a method called multiple regression, which is a statistical technique that can be used to analyse the relationship between a single dependent variable and several independent variables. In this proposed research work, various topological indices are defined on some structural octane isomers to predict the physical and chemical properties of these compounds through Quantitative Structure-Property Relationships (QSPR). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research article aims to establish the values of fourteen notable topological indices that are defined on some chemical structures belonging to the Penicillin class of drugs, which are a type of antibiotic derived from Penicillin fungi. This is performed to predict the Physicochemical properties of these compounds through Quantitative Structure-Property Relationships (QSPR). Also, it is observed that these characteristics have a good correlation with the Physicochemical characteristics of the selected chemical structures of the penicillin class of compounds. The chemical properties of the selected compounds that this paper discusses include Polarizability, Log Octanol-Water Partition Coefficient(Log Kow), Molecular Volume, Molar Refractivity, Log P, Soil Absorption Coefficient (Koc), Log Koc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Object-based audio is an emerging representation for audio content, where content is represented in a reproduction-format-agnostic way and, thus, produced once for consumption on many different kinds of devices. This affords new opportunities for immersive, personalized, and interactive listening experiences. This paper introduces an end-to-end object-based spatial audio pipeline, from sound recording to listening. A high-level system architecture is proposed, which includes novel audio-visual interfaces to support object-based capture and listener-tracked rendering, and incorporates a proposed component for objectification, that is, recording content directly into an object-based form. Text-based and extensible metadata enable communication between the system components. An open architecture for object rendering is also proposed. The system's capabilities are evaluated in two parts. First, listener-tracked reproduction of metadata automatically estimated from two moving talkers is evaluated using an objective binaural localization model. Second, object-based scene capture with audio extracted using blind source separation (to remix between two talkers) and beamforming (to remix a recording of a jazz group) is evaluated with perceptually motivated objective and subjective experiments. These experiments demonstrate that the novel components of the system add capabilities beyond the state of the art. Finally, we discuss challenges and future perspectives for object-based audio workflows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives The HTLV-1 accessory protein p8 is a plasma membrane-resident protein that induces cellular protrusions through which both p8 and HTLV-1 are transferred to target cells, thereby increasing viral persistence and infectivity. To date, p8-transfer is poorly understood and little is known about immune cell populations susceptible to p8-transfer. Methods To quantitate p8-transfer, we recently established a flow cytometry-based co-culture assay between transiently transfected p8-expressing donor cells and fluorescently labelled acceptor cells. To improve understanding of p8-transfer we synthesized fluorescein-labelled peptides of full-length p8. Results Here we report that p8-transfer significantly increased with the frequency of p8-positive donor cells, while enhancing p8 expression in those cells did not increase p8-transfer. Hence, this suggests that the number of cell-cell contacts is more important than p8 expression levels for efficient transfer. Furthermore, we found that p8 was transferred to various T- and B-cell lines including Jurkat, Molt-4, Raji, and Bjab cells and to primary human CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells within one hour of co-culture. Use of synthetic p8 peptides indicated that both Jurkat T-cells and 293T cells take up synthetic p8 at high frequencies reaching up to 90 % peptide-positive cells. p8 peptide expression was stable over five days without affecting cell viability. More importantly, p8 peptides were also transferred between Jurkat T-cells at frequencies comparable to previous findings using p8 expression plasmids. Current assays analyse whether p8 is transferred to other immune cell populations such as monocytes, macrophages or NK cells to strengthen the hypothesis that p8 indeed hampers immune responses towards HTLV-1-infected CD4+ T-cells, thus promoting viral persistence. Conclusion This study is the first to broadly characterize the conditions of p8-transfer, therefore allowing the identification of susceptible immune cell populations. Moreover, synthetic p8 peptides are a suitable tool to monitor p8-transfer between cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The series testing at 1.9 K of the 360 Short Straight Sections (SSS) for the Large Hadron Collider have started at CERN in September 2003. The SSS contain the lattice quadrupoles and correction magnets in a common cryostat. The lattice quadrupoles feature two collared coils with 56 mm bore assembled in a common yoke. The coils are wound in two-layers from 15.1 mm wide NbTi cable, insulated with polyimide tape. The paper reviews the main test results performed in superfluid helium. The magnetic field and magnetic center position of the quadrupoles and associated correctors were measured with two independent systems, namely an automated scanner and a single stretched wire technique. The quench training, the field quality and the magnetic alignment measurements are presented and discussed in terms of the specifications and expected performances of these magnets in the LHC. We discuss in detail the field quality in terms of multipole errors measured at injection and nominal field and decomposed into geometric and persistent current magnetization errors. Warm/cold correlation for the geometric multipoles and the magnetic axis is also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Absorbed power of nanoparticles during magnetic hyperthermia can be well determined from changes in the quality factor (Q factor) of a resonator in which the radiofrequency absorbent is placed. We present an order of magnitude improvement in the Q factor measurement accuracy over conventional methods by studying the switch-on and off transient signals of the resonators. A nuclear magnetic resonance console is ideally suited to acquire the transient signals and it also allows to employ the so-called pulse phase-cycling to remove transient artifacts. The improved determination of the absorbed power is demonstrated on various resonators in the 1–30 MHz range, including standard solenoids and also a birdcage resonator. This leads to the possibility to detect minute amounts of ferrite nanoparticles which are embedded in the body and also the amount of the absorbed power. We demonstrate this capability on a phantom study, where the exact location of an embedded ferrite is clearly detected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]