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Although catenated cages have been widely constructed due to their unique and elegant topological structures, cyclic catenanes formed by the connection of multiple catenane units have been rarely reported. Herein, based on the orthogonal metal‐coordination‐driven self‐assembly, we prepare a series of heterometallic [2]catenanes and cyclic bis[2]catenanes, whose structures are clearly evidenced by single‐crystal X‐ray analysis. Owing to the multiple positively charged nature, as well as the potential synergistic effect of the Cu(I) and Pt(II) metal ions, the cyclic bis[2]catenanes display broad‐spectrum antibacterial activity. This work not only provides an efficient strategy for the construction of heterometallic [2]catenanes and cyclic bis[2]catenanes but also explores their applications as superior antibacterial agents, which will promote the construction of advanced supramolecular structures for biomedical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although catenated cages have been widely constructed due to their unique and elegant topological structures, cyclic catenanes formed by the connection of multiple catenane units have been rarely reported. Herein, based on the orthogonal metal‐coordination‐driven self‐assembly, we prepare a series of heterometallic [2]catenanes and cyclic bis[2]catenanes, whose structures are clearly evidenced by single‐crystal X‐ray analysis. Owing to the multiple positively charged nature, as well as the potential synergistic effect of the Cu(I) and Pt(II) metal ions, the cyclic bis[2]catenanes display broad‐spectrum antibacterial activity. This work not only provides an efficient strategy for the construction of heterometallic [2]catenanes and cyclic bis[2]catenanes but also explores their applications as superior antibacterial agents, which will promote the construction of advanced supramolecular structures for biomedical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerous neuroimaging studies have identified significant individual variability in intertemporal choice, often attributed to three neural mechanisms: (1) increased reward circuit activity, (2) decreased cognitive control, and (3) prospection ability. These mechanisms that explain impulsivity, however, have been primarily studied in the gain domain. This study extends this investigation to the loss domain. We employed a hierarchical Bayesian drift‐diffusion model (DDM) and the inter‐subject representational similarity approach (IS‐RSA) to investigate the potential computational neural substrates underlying impulsivity in loss domain across two experiments (n = 155). These experiments utilized a revised intertemporal task that independently manipulated the amounts of immediate and delayed‐loss options. Behavioral results demonstrated positive correlations between the drift rate, measured by the DDM, and the impulsivity index K in Exp. 1 (n = 97) and were replicated in Exp. 2 (n = 58). Imaging analyses further revealed that the drift rate significantly mediated the relations between brain properties (e.g., prefrontal cortex activations and gray matter volume in the orbitofrontal cortex and precuneus) and K in Exp. 1. IS‐RSA analyses indicated that variability in the drift rate also mediated the associations between inter‐subject variations in activation patterns and individual differences in K. These findings suggest that individuals with similar impulsivity levels are likely to exhibit similar value processing patterns, providing a potential explanation for individual differences in impulsivity within a loss framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The surging global demand for renewable energy has fueled the expansion of offshore wind energy, leveraging superior wind profiles and technological advancements in offshore wind turbine technology. Despite this growth, the operational experience of floating offshore wind turbines still needs to be improved as an emerging technology. Addressing this knowledge gap, our study compiles a comprehensive database of failure events associated with these turbines. Employing a rigorous analytical approach through the Fuzzy Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) methodology, we conduct an in‐depth failure analysis of floating offshore wind turbines. This investigation allows us to identify the most critical failure modes and pinpoint components vulnerable to failures. The paper delves into the root causes of these significant failure modes, proposing preventive and corrective measures based on our findings. Our recommendations serve as a strategic guide for stakeholders, offering insights to enhance offshore wind turbines' design, operation, and maintenance practices and the broader wind farm infrastructure. Despite this, further clarification on the application and highlights of the fuzzy FMEA model is warranted in the abstract, a point we address in the revised conclusion to enhance our study's overall clarity and completeness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

STUDY QUESTION Can exposure to palmitic acid (PA), a common saturated fatty acid, modulate autophagy in both human and mouse trophoblast cells through the regulation of acyl-coenzyme A-binding protein (ACBP)? SUMMARY ANSWER PA exposure before and during pregnancy impairs placental development through mechanisms involving placental autophagy and ACBP expression. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY High-fat diets, including PA, have been implicated in adverse effects on human placental and fetal development. Despite this recognition, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying these effects are not fully understood. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Extravillous trophoblast (EVT) cell line HTR-8/SVneo and human trophoblast stem cell (hTSC)-derived EVT (hTSCs-EVT) were exposed to PA or vehicle control for 24 h. Female wild-type C57BL/6 mice were divided into PA and control groups (n = 10 per group) and subjected to a 12-week dietary intervention. Afterward, they were mated with male wild-type C57BL/6 mice and euthanized on Day 14 of gestation. Female ACBPflox/flox mice were also randomly assigned to control and PA-exposed groups (each with 10 mice), undergoing the same dietary intervention and mating with ACBPflox/floxELF5-Cre male mice, followed by euthanasia on Day 14 of gestation. The study assessed the effects of PA on mouse embryonic development and placental autophagy. Additionally, the role of ACBP in the pathogenesis of PA-induced placental toxicity was investigated. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS The findings were validated using real-time PCR, Western blot, immunofluorescence, transmission electron microscopy, and shRNA knockdown approaches. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Exposure to PA-upregulated ACBP expression in both human HTR-8/SVneo cells and hTSCs-EVT, as well as in mouse placenta. PA exposure also induced autophagic dysfunction in HTR-8/SVneo cells, hTSCs-EVT, and mouse placenta. Through studies on ACBP placental conditional knockout mice and ACBP knockdown human trophoblast cells, it was revealed that reduced ACBP expression led to trophoblast malfunction and affected the expression of autophagy-related proteins LC3B-II and P62, thereby impacting embryonic development. Conversely, ACBP knockdown partially mitigated PA-induced impairment of placental trophoblast autophagy, observed both in vitro in human trophoblast cells and in vivo in mice. LARGE SCALE DATA N/A. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Primary EVT cells from early pregnancy are fragile, limiting research use. Maintaining their viability is tough, affecting data reliability. The study lacks depth to explore PA diet cessation effects after 12 weeks. Without follow-up, understanding postdiet impacts on pregnancy stages is incomplete. Placental abnormalities linked to elevated PA diet in embryos lack confirmation due to absence of control groups. Clarifying if issues stem solely from PA exposure is difficult without proper controls. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Consuming a high-fat diet before and during pregnancy may result in complications or challenges in successfully carrying the pregnancy to term. It suggests that such dietary habits can have detrimental effects on the health of both the mother and the developing fetus. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82171664, 82301909) and the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing Municipality of China (CSTB2022NS·CQ-LZX0062, cstc2019jcyj-msxmX0749, and cstc2021jcyj-msxmX0236). The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: A new type of metallacage was successfully fabricated and used as containers for hypocrellin-type photosensitizers, which prevented the self-aggregation of photosensitizers in aqueous solution. The metallacage was also employed as an energy donor to promote the singlet oxygen generation ability via fluorescence resonance energy transfer, thereby achieving highly efficient photodynamic therapy. The development of supramolecular hosts which can efficiently encapsulate photosensitizers to improve the photodynamic efficacy holds great promise for cancer therapy. Here, we report two perylene diimide-based metallacages that can form stable host–guest complexes with planar conjugated molecules including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and photosensitizers (hypocrellin A). Such host–guest complexation not only prevents the aggregation of photosensitizers in aqueous environments, but also offers fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) from the metallacage to the photosensitizers to further improve the singlet oxygen generation (ΦΔ = 0.66). The complexes are further assembled with amphiphilic polymers, forming nanoparticles with improved stability for anticancer study. Both in vitro and in vivo studies indicate that the nanoparticles display excellent anticancer activities upon light irradiation, showing great potential for cancer photodynamic therapy. This study provides a straightforward and effective approach for enhancing the photosensitivity of conventional photosensitizers via host–guest complexation-based FRET, which will open a new avenue for host–guest chemistry-based supramolecular theranostics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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We introduce an online, model‐free algorithm to address the ℒ2$$ {\mathcal{L}}_2 $$ gain optimal tracking problems in discrete linear networked control systems. The algorithm is specifically proposed to handle stochastic information dropout in the feedback loop. Our goal is to design a control law that achieves the system output reference tracking while attenuating the effect of the disturbance input. We first construct an augmented system consisting of the original system and the command generator system. Then, the performance index is expressed in a quadratic form taking into account packet loss. Next, we obtain the optimal solution by solving the dropout generalized algebraic riccati equation (GARE). Finally, a Q$$ Q $$‐learning algorithm is utilized to estimate the control and disturbance feedback gains of the system, using only measurement data with unknown system dynamics in the presence of dropout. Two algorithms are tested on a numerical example to demonstrate the validity and effectiveness of the proposed methodology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The model of lateral β-Ga2O3 metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) was established using Sentaurus Technology Computer Aided Design software. The gate-to-drain distance of the device was 13.7 μm, and the breakdown voltage was 1135 V. The single event effect simulation model caused by heavy ion irradiation was introduced, and the effects of heavy ions' incident position, angle, drain bias voltage, and linear energy transfer on the single event effect were studied. It is found that x = 7.7 μm is the sensitive location of the single event effect at the gate corner near the drain side and the peak value of the transient current is 177 mA/mm. The effect of the terminal structure of the field plate on the transient effect of the single event effect of β-Ga2O3 MOSFET is studied. It is also found that the sensitive position of the single event effect of the conventional structure, gate-field plate structure, and gate–source composite field plate structure is around x = 7.7 μm when VDS = 10 V. The peak transient currents obtained are 177, 161, and 148 mA/mm. The single event effect pulse current of the three structures increases with an increase in the drain bias voltage, while the peak pulse current of the conventional structure is larger than that of the gate-field plate structure and the gate–source composite structure. The research shows that the terminal structure of the field plate is reliable means to reduce the single particle effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For various chronic wounds, bacterial infection is one of the important reasons that hinder their healing. Ion‐crosslinked antibacterial hydrogel dressings based on Ag+, Cu2+ and Zn2+, have made progress in clinical application. However, the toxicity of released metal ions cannot be ignored. Therefore, how to ensure the antibacterial performance of hydrogel dressing while reducing the amount of metal ions is a major challenge for the fabrication of metal ion based antibacterial hydrogel. In this study, a general method is proposed to design cationic ion‐crosslinked hydrogel based on thiourea groups. Taking the hydrogel formed by mixing thiourea modified hyaluronic acid (H‐ANCSN) with Ag+ (HA‐NCSN/Ag+ hydrogel) as an example, the characteristics and application potential of this kind of hydrogel are thoroughly explored. Due to the strong cationic chelation characteristics of thiourea groups, HA‐NCSN/Ag+ hydrogel can gel at low Ag+ concentration and achieve long‐term slow release of Ag+ at stable concentration to balance the antibacterial and biocompatible properties. Moreover, this dynamic thiourea‐Ag+ crosslinking also endowed the hydrogel with the property of "gelation and encapsulation first, injection to cover wound when necessary". Then, the mangiferin self‐assembled nanoparticles are loaded into HA‐NCSN/Ag+ hydrogel as the radical oxygen species scavenger. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Distributed optical fiber acoustic sensing (DAS) technique has been applied in pipeline health monitoring, and the commonly used sensor is phase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometry. Most DAS monitoring systems can localize leakages of a pipeline but fail to identify potential non-destructive damages like bolt looseness on joints before the leakage occurs. An early damage identification is indispensable to averting severe leakages and secondary disasters. In this study, an optical phase mode analysis method is proposed for identifying pipeline bolt looseness. This method combines structure mode analysis and distributed optical phase demodulation to extract damage-related phase mode parameters. Two algorithms are specially designed for denoising and selecting signals essential for mode analysis. Phase time histories are retrieved from the original optical phase, which are decomposed to acquire phase mode shapes that can localize bolt looseness through Hilbert-Huang transform enhanced with bandwidth restricted empirical mode decomposition. Phase damping ratio is proposed to further quantify the looseness degree. Polarization diversity technique is employed to avoid polarization fading. An experiment was conducted upon a 3.2 m steel pipeline with flange joints. Bolt looseness on three joints are respectively localized even if only one bolt is loosened, obtaining a localization error of 0.07 m and 85.7% recognition ratio. The phase damping ratio shows apparent positive correlation with the number of loose bolts. The error of quantified loose bolt number is 0.79. The present study demonstrates how to localize and quantify pipeline bolt looseness through dynamical mode analysis for distributed optical phase. The developed method can identify potential damages that change the mechanical properties of a pipeline before they get severe, and holds promise in the long-distance health monitoring of other structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Up to a half of couples seeking medical assistance for infertility are diagnosed with unexplained infertility, characterized by normal ovulation, tubal patency, and semen analysis results. This condition presents a challenge in determining the optimal treatment approach. Available treatments include IUI and IVF, but guidelines vary on when to offer each. Prognosis-based management is identified as a research priority, and various prediction models have been developed to guide treatment decisions. Prognostic factors include female age, duration of subfertility, and sperm parameters, among others. Prognosis-based strategies can enhance cost-effectiveness, safety, and patient outcomes, offering less invasive options to those with good prognoses and more aggressive interventions to those with poor prognoses. However, there is a gap between research evidence and its clinical application. In this article, we discuss the application of prognosis-based management in the context of unexplained infertility, highlighting its potential to improve clinical decision-making and patient outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mutations in the PKD2 gene, which encodes the polycystin-2 (PC2, also called TRPP2) protein, lead to autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). As a member of the transient receptor potential (TRP) channel superfamily, PC2 functions as a non-selective cation channel. The activation and regulation of the PC2 channel are largely unknown, and direct binding of small-molecule ligands to this channel has not been reported. In this work, we found that most known small-molecule agonists of the mucolipin TRP (TRPML) channels inhibit the activity of the PC2_F604P, a gain-of-function mutant of the PC2 channel. However, two of them, ML-SA1 and SF-51, have dual regulatory effects, with low concentration further activating PC2_F604P, and high concentration leading to inactivation of the channel. With two cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures, a molecular docking model, and mutagenesis results, we identified two distinct binding sites of ML-SA1 in PC2_F604P that are responsible for activation and inactivation, respectively. These results provide structural and functional insights into how ligands regulate PC2 channel function through unusual mechanisms and may help design compounds that are more efficient and specific in regulating the PC2 channel and potentially also for ADPKD treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Ultrasound three-dimensional visualization, a cutting-edge technology in medical imaging, enhances diagnostic accuracy by providing a more comprehensive and readable portrayal of anatomical structures compared to traditional two-dimensional ultrasound. Crucial to this visualization is the segmentation of multiple targets. However, challenges like noise interference, inaccurate boundaries, and difficulties in segmenting small structures exist in the multi-target segmentation of ultrasound images. This study, using neck ultrasound images, concentrates on researching multi-target segmentation methods for the thyroid and surrounding tissues. Method: We improved the Unet++ to propose PA-Unet++ to enhance the multi-target segmentation accuracy of the thyroid and its surrounding tissues by addressing ultrasound noise interference. This involves integrating multi-scale feature information using a pyramid pooling module to facilitate segmentation of structures of various sizes. Additionally, an attention gate mechanism is applied to each decoding layer to progressively highlight target tissues and suppress the impact of background pixels. Results: Video data obtained from 2D ultrasound thyroid serial scans served as the dataset for this paper.4600 images containing 23,000 annotated regions were divided into training and test sets at a ratio of 9:1, the results showed that: compared with the results of U-net++, the Dice of our model increased from 78.78% to 81.88% (+ 3.10%), the mIOU increased from 73.44% to 80.35% (+ 6.91%), and the PA index increased from 92.95% to 94.79% (+ 1.84%). Conclusions: Accurate segmentation is fundamental for various clinical applications, including disease diagnosis, treatment planning, and monitoring. This study will have a positive impact on the improvement of 3D visualization capabilities and clinical decision-making and research in the context of ultrasound image. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To solve the problem of high brittleness and easy cracking of cement stone, epoxy resin powder elastic particles (HEEP) were developed to improve the elasticity of cement stone. HEEP was prepared from epoxy resin and trimeric anhydride by solution polymerization. The surface wettability and particle size of HEEP were analyzed by contact angle test and laser particle size analysis respectively. Mechanical performance tests, scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis and x‐ray diffraction analysis were conducted on the cement stone containing HEEP. The results showed that HEEP was the target product, with a hydrophilic surface and a water contact angle of 75.2° on the HEEP surface. The particle size distribution of HEEP was uniform, and the median particle size was 36.5 μm. The initial decomposition temperature of HEEP was 300°C, indicating a good thermal stability. The stress–strain curve showed that when the HEEP dosage was 3%, 6%, and 9%, the elastic modulus of the cement stone was 6.382, 4.017, and 3.148 GPa, respectively. Compared with the blank cement without HEEP, the elastic modulus was reduced by 28.3%, 54.9%, and 64.6%, respectively. This showed that HEEP could effectively improve the elasticity of cement stone. In addition, the compressive strength and flexural strength of cement stone containing HEEP can meet the requirements of on‐site applications. SEM analysis of cement stone showed that HEEP was well filled in cement stone. When the cement stone was subjected to complex stress, HEEP could effectively buffer and disperse the stress, thereby enhancing the resistance of cement stone to external force impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intravitreal (IVT) injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) has greatly improved the treatment of many retinal disorders, including wet age-related macular degeneration (wAMD), which is the third leading cause of blindness. However, frequent injections can be difficult for patients and may lead to various risks such as elevated intraocular pressure, infection, and retinal detachment. To address this issue, researchers have found that IVT injection of anti-VEGF proteins at their maximally viable concentration and dose can be an effective strategy. However, the intrinsic protein structure can limit the maximum concentration due to stability and solution viscosity. To overcome this challenge, we developed a novel anti-VEGF protein called nanoFc by fusing anti-VEGF nanobodies with a crystallizable fragment (Fc). NanoFc has demonstrated high binding affinity to VEGF165 through multivalency and potent bioactivity in various bioassays. Furthermore, nanoFc maintains satisfactory chemical and physical stability at 4°C over 1 month and is easily injectable at concentrations up to 200 mg/mL due to its unique architecture that yields a smaller shape factor. The design of nanoFc offers a bioengineering strategy to ensure both strong anti-VEGF binding affinity and high protein concentration, with the goal of reducing the frequency of IV injections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tantalum is widely used in electronic devices and is crucial for modern society; however, research on the tantalum flow in China was very limited and the scientific evidence for formulating targeted policies was insufficient. Stock and flow of tantalum in China were analyzed here, with its entire life cycle from 2011 to 2019, to reveal the key sectors of tantalum use and its recycling potential. Tantalum production in China was around 1000 t, rising rapidly from 2015 to 2019. Although China was one of the main tantalum producers, its tantalum supply was still heavily relied on other countries, 90% of tantalum concentrate was imported. China consumed 740 t tantalum in 2019, and automobile (224 t/a) and electronics (216 t/a) were the top-two sectors of tantalum use. Generation of post-use tantalum was 520.56 t in 2019, accounting for 42% of the primary production, indicating a great urban mining potential in China. The end-of-life recycling rate was only 10%, which was far below other strategic rare metals in China, due to inadequate recycling system. To promote tantalum recycling, it calls for establishing the source-separating system and "reserve bank" of post-use tantalum, as well as an innovative product design for better recycling tantalum resource. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IVF is the backbone of infertility treatment, but due to its costs, it is not affordable for everyone. The cost of IVF is further escalated by interventions added to the routine treatment, which are claimed to boost pregnancy rates, so-called add-ons. Consequently, it is critical to offset the increased costs of an intervention against a potentially higher benefit. Here, we propose using a simplified framework considering the cost of a standard IVF procedure to create one live-born baby as a benchmark for the cost-effectiveness of other fertility treatments, add-ons inclusive. This framework is a simplified approach to a formal economic evaluation, enabling a rapid assessment of cost effectiveness in clinical settings. For a 30-year-old woman, assuming a 44.6% cumulative live birth rate and a cost of $12 000 per complete cycle, the cost to create one live-born baby would be ∼$27 000 (i.e. willingness to pay). Under this concept, the decision whether to accept or reject a new treatment depends from an economic perspective on the incremental cost per additional live birth from the new treatment/add-on, with the $27 000 per live-born baby as a reference threshold. This threshold can vary with women's age, and other factors such as the economic perspective and risk of side effects can play a role. If a new add-on or treatment costs >$27 000 per live birth, it might be more rational to invest in a new IVF cycle rather than spending on the add-on. With the increasing number of novel technologies in IVF and the lack of a rapid approach to evaluate their cost-effectiveness, this simplified framework will help with a more objective assessment of the cost-effectiveness of infertility treatments, including add-ons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

STUDY QUESTION What were the frequency and temporal trends of reporting P -values and effect measures in the abstracts of reproductive medicine studies in 1990–2022, how were reported P -values distributed, and what proportion of articles that present with statistical inference reported statistically significant results, i.e. 'positive' results? SUMMARY ANSWER Around one in six abstracts reported P -values alone without effect measures, while the prevalence of effect measures, whether reported alone or accompanied by P -values, has been increasing, especially in meta-analyses and randomized controlled trials (RCTs); the reported P -values were frequently observed around certain cut-off values, notably at 0.001, 0.01, or 0.05, and among abstracts present with statistical inference (i.e. P -value, CIs, or significant terms), a large majority (77%) reported at least one statistically significant finding. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Publishing or reporting only results that show a 'positive' finding causes bias in evaluating interventions and risk factors and may incur adverse health outcomes for patients.   Despite efforts to minimize publication reporting bias in medical research, it remains unclear whether the magnitude and patterns of the bias have changed over time. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION We studied abstracts of reproductive medicine studies from 1990 to 2022. The reproductive medicine studies were published in 23 first-quartile journals under the category of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Reproductive Biology in Journal Citation Reports and 5 high-impact general medical journals (The Journal of the American Medical Association , The Lancet , The BMJ , The New England Journal of Medicine , and PLoS Medicine). Articles without abstracts, animal studies, and non-research articles, such as case reports or guidelines, were excluded. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Automated text-mining was used to extract three types of statistical significance reporting, including P -values, CIs, and text description. Meanwhile, abstracts were text-mined for the presence of effect size metrics and Bayes factors. Five hundred abstracts were randomly selected and manually checked for the accuracy of automatic text extraction. The extracted statistical significance information was then analysed for temporal trends and distribution in general as well as in subgroups of study designs and journals. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE A total of 24 907 eligible reproductive medicine articles were identified from 170 739 screened articles published in 28 journals. The proportion of abstracts not reporting any statistical significance inference halved from 81% (95% CI, 76–84%) in 1990 to 40% (95% CI, 38–44%) in 2021, while reporting P -values alone remained relatively stable, at 15% (95% CI, 12–18%) in 1990 and 19% (95% CI, 16–22%) in 2021. By contrast, the proportion of abstracts reporting effect measures alone increased considerably from 4.1% (95% CI, 2.6–6.3%) in 1990 to 26% (95% CI, 23–29%) in 2021. Similarly, the proportion of abstracts reporting effect measures together with P -values showed substantial growth from 0.8% (95% CI, 0.3–2.2%) to 14% (95% CI, 12–17%) during the same timeframe. Of 30 182 statistical significance inferences, 56% (n = 17 077) conveyed statistical inferences via P -values alone, 30% (n = 8945) via text description alone such as significant or non-significant, 9.3% (n = 2820) via CIs alone, and 4.7% (n = 1340) via both CI and P -values. The reported P -values (n = 18 417), including both a continuum of P -values and dichotomized P -values, were frequently observed around common cut-off values such as 0.001 (20%), 0.05 (16%), and 0.01 (10%). Of the 13 200 reproductive medicine abstracts containing at least one statistical inference, 77% of abstracts made at least one statistically significant statement. Among articles that reported statistical inference, a decline in the proportion of making at least one statistically significant inference was only seen in RCTs, dropping from 71% (95% CI, 48–88%) in 1990 to 59% (95% CI, 42–73%) in 2021, whereas the proportion in the rest of study types remained almost constant over the years. Of abstracts that reported P -value, 87% (95% CI, 86–88%) reported at least one statistically significant P -value; it was 92% (95% CI, 82–97%) in 1990 and reached its peak at 97% (95% CI, 93–99%) in 2001 before declining to 81% (95% CI, 76–85%) in 2021. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION First, our analysis focused solely on reporting patterns in abstracts but not full-text papers; however, in principle, abstracts should include condensed impartial information and avoid selective reporting. Second, while we attempted to identify all types of statistical significance reporting, our text mining was not flawless. However, the manual assessment showed that inaccuracies were not frequent. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS There is a welcome trend that effect measures are increasingly reported in the abstracts of reproductive medicine studies, specifically in RCTs and meta-analyses. Publication reporting bias remains a major concern. Inflated estimates of interventions and risk factors could harm decisions built upon biased evidence, including clinical recommendations and planning of future research. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) No funding was received for this study. B.W.M. is supported by an NHMRC Investigator grant (GNT1176437); B.W.M. reports research grants and travel support from Merck and consultancy from Merch and ObsEva. W.L. is supported by an NHMRC Investigator Grant (GNT2016729). Q.F. reports receiving a PhD scholarship from Merck. The other author has no conflict of interest to declare. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bearing steel's high-temperature brittle zone (1250 °C–1100 °C), second brittle zone (1100 °C–950 °C), and low-temperature brittle zone (800 °C–600 °C) were determined by the reduction in area and true fracture toughness. The crack sensitivity was strongest at temperatures of 1200 °C, 1000 °C, and 600 °C, respectively. Various experimental and computational methods were used to establish the phase type, microstructure, size, and mechanical properties of carbides in bearing steel. The critical conditions for crack initiation in the matrix (FCC-Fe, FCC-Fe, and BCC-Fe)/carbides (striped Fe0.875Cr0.125C, netted Fe2.36Cr0.64C, and spherical Fe5.25Cr1.75C3) were also investigated. The values for the high-temperature brittle zone, the second brittle zone, and the low-temperature brittle zone were 13.85 MPa and 8.21 × 10−3, 4.64 MPa and 6.52 × 10−3, and 17.86 MPa and 1.86 × 10−2, respectively. These were calculated using Eshelby's theory and ABAQUS 2021 version software. The ability of the three carbides to cause crack propagation was measured quantitatively by energy diffusion: M3C > MC > M7C3. This study analyzed the mechanism of carbide precipitation on the formation of high-temperature cracks in bearing steel casting. It also provided the critical conditions for carbide/matrix interface cracks in bearing steel continuous casting, thus providing effective support for improving the quality of bearing steel casting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polycarboxylic acid dispersant has the advantages of good dispersion performance and environmental protection, and has a good application prospect in oil well cement. However, the current polycarboxylic acid dispersant has poor temperature resistance, which limits its application in high-temperature formation cementing. In this study, a polycarboxylic acid dispersant (NLPC) that can be applied to high-temperature cementing was synthesized by free radical copolymerization of monomer isoprenol polyoxyethylene ether, maleic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid and N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone. The structure of NLPC was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The effects of NLPC on the fluidity, rheological properties, thickening time and mechanical strength of cement slurry at different temperatures were tested, and compared with the traditional sulfonated acetone-formaldehyde polycondensate (SAF) dispersant. The mechanism of dispersant and its effect on cement hydration behavior were systematically studied by total organic carbon, Zeta potential, particle size analysis, thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray diffraction analysis. The effect of dispersant on the microstructure of hardened cement was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. The results show that NLPC has excellent high temperature dispersion performance. At 150 °C, NLPC can significantly reduce the consistency coefficient of cement slurry, increase the fluidity index of cement slurry, significantly improve the rheological properties of cement slurry, and the paste has excellent thickening performance, and the initial consistency is lower than SAF. In addition, due to the good dispersion of cement particles by NLPC, the early mechanical strength of cement stone after solidification is also improved. The mechanism analysis shows that NLPC improves the dispersion performance of oil well cement slurry mainly through electrostatic repulsion and steric hindrance effect. In a word, NLPC overcomes the shortcomings of low efficiency and heavy pollution of SAF dispersant and the low applicable temperature of current polycarboxylic acid dispersant products, which is of great significance to ensure the smooth operation of high temperature deep well cementing and improve the cementing quality. Highlights: NLPC improves the temperature resistance of polycarboxylic dispersant. NLPC improves the rheological properties of oil well cement slurry at high temperature. The mechanism of NLPC is steric hindrance and electrostatic repulsion. NLPC has good compatibility with other oil well cement additives and has no adverse effect on the implementation of cementing engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intercalation of transition metal dichalcogenides with magnetic elements has been the subject of increasing research interest, aiming to explore novel magnetic materials with anisotropy and spin-orbit coupling. In this paper, two magnetic samples with varying Fe content have been prepared using different growth conditions via the chemical vapor transport method. A comprehensive investigation of the magnetic properties of the materials has been conducted using the Physical Property Measurement System (PPMS, Evercoolll-9T, Quantum Design). The results reveal distinct features in the studied materials. Fe0.12TaSe2 exhibits significant ferromagnetism with a Curie transition temperature of 50 K. However, its in-plane magnetism is weak and no significant hysteresis loop is observed below the Curie temperature. On the other hand, Fe0.2sTaSe2 exhibits antiferromagnetism without any hysteresis loop and has a Neel temperature up to 130 K. This finding is quite different from the intercalated iron in FexTaS2, where only an antiferromagnetic state occurs with x larger than 0.4. Our study thus provides updated insights into the magnetic properties of this new system and serves as a reference for future investigations of TaSe2 compounds with varying iron content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article innovatively uses pulsed metal-organic chemical vapor deposition technology to optimize the quality of β-Ga2O3 thin films on (−201) β-Ga2O3 homo-substrate using indium pulse-assisted technology. The results demonstrate that the pulsed indium-assisted method, when compared with the traditional indium-assisted method, effectively suppresses the desorption of Ga2O, enhances the flatness of the β-Ga2O3 film, and reduces the surface roughness from 34.8 to 0.98 nm. The optimized single crystalline β-Ga2O3 film was grown with pulsed-indium, and the full width at half maximum of x-ray diffraction rocking curve was 30.42 arc sec, smaller than that of the continuous indium β-Ga2O3 (56.1 arc sec). In combination with the x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy O1s split-peak fitting analysis, the relative content of oxygen vacancies in the film was significantly reduced by pulsed indium-assisted method. The Hall mobility of films assisted by pulsed-indium is approximately 14 times higher than that of films assisted by traditional indium. The pulsed indium technology provides an idea for homoepitaxial growth of high-quality β-Ga2O3 films. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ischemic stroke is a devastative nervous system disease associated with high mortality and morbidity rates. Unfortunately, no clinically effective neuroprotective drugs are available now. In ischemic stroke, S100 calcium-binding protein b (S100b) binds to receptor for advanced glycation end products (Rage), leading to the neurological injury. Therefore, disruption of the interaction between S100B and Rage can rescue neuronal cells. Here, we designed a peptide, termed TAT-W61, derived from the V domain of Rage which can recognize S100b. Intriguingly, TAT-W61 can reduce the inflammatory caused by ischemic stroke through the direct binding to S100b. The further investigation demonstrated that TAT-W61 can improve pathological infarct volume and reduce the apoptotic rate. Particularly, TAT-W61 significantly improved the learning ability, memory, and motor dysfunction of the mouse in the ischemic stroke model. Our study provides a mechanistic insight into the abnormal expression of S100b and Rage in ischemic stroke and yields an invaluable candidate for the development of drugs in tackling ischemic stroke. Key messages: S100b expression is higher in ischemic stroke, in association with a high expression of many genes, especially of Rage. S100b is directly bound to the V-domain of Rage. Blocking the binding of S100b to Rage improves the injury after ischemic stroke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to assess the mechanical characteristics of the orthotropic steel deck (OSD) in heavy-haul railway bridges. Taking the Dongting Lake Bridge as an example, to simulate the transfer effect of the track structure and get mechanical characteristics of the OSD under the service load, the refined segmental finite element model (FEM) of the OSD in a heavy-haul railway bridge was established. Moreover, the Chinese C80 heavy-haul train (the C80) was selected as the applied load to make the analysis results close to the actual situation. And then, the stress influence lines of critical components in OSD were analyzed. Notches at diaphragms of the OSD are more likely to produce stress concentration. Due to the dense distribution and high stiffness of the longitudinal ribs of OSD, the final load influence range of OSD is limited. Since the T-shaped longitudinal ribs (T-Ribs) are located under the position of each rail, and its stiffness is greater than the adjacent U-shaped longitudinal ribs (U-Ribs), so that the T-Ribs are important load-bearing components of the OSD in heavy-haul railway bridges. Furthermore, the influences of the stiffness ratio of T-Rib to U-Rib on the mechanical characteristics of the OSD were analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The design of novel materials for sulfur dioxide (SO2) capture and conversion with considerable efficiency under mild conditions is of great significance for human health and environmental protection yet highly challenging. Herein, we report a series of triazine‐based multicomponent metallacages via coordination‐driven self‐assembly of 2,4,6‐tri(4‐pyridyl)‐1,3,5‐triazine, cis‐Pt(PEt3)2(OTf)2 and different tetracarboxylic ligands. As the increase of the length of the tetracarboxylates, the structures of the metallacages change from pyramids to extended octahedrons. Owing to their N‐rich structure, these metallacages are further used for selective SO2 capture, showing good adsorption capacity and remarkable SO2/CO2 selectivity in ambient conditions, suggesting their potential applications toward real flue gas desulfurization. The metallacages are further employed for the conversion of SO2 into value‐added compounds, showing exceptional efficiency even dilute SO2 is used as the reactant. This study represents a type of structure‐tunable triazine‐based metallacages for SO2 capture and conversion, which will pave the way on the applications of metal‐organic complexes for gas adsorption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bridges often improve the visual appeal of urban landscapes by incorporating curve elements to create iconic forms. However, it is noteworthy that curved bridges have unique mechanical properties under loads compared to straight bridges. This study analyzes a spatial three-curved steel box girder bridge based on an actual engineering case with a complex configuration. Initially, the finite element software Midas/Civil 2021 is utilized to establish a beam element model and a plate element model to examine the structural responses under dead loads in detail. Then, two different temperature gradient distribution models are employed for the temperature effect analysis. The backpropagation neural network (BPNN) optimized by the WOA algorithm is trained as a surrogate model for finite element models based on the results of temperature stress simulation. The results reveal that the bending–torsion coupling effect in the second span of the spatial three-curved steel box girder bridge is pronounced, with the maximum torque reaching 40% of the bending moment. The uneven distribution of cross-section stress is particularly significant at the vertices, where the shear lag coefficient exceeds 3. Under the action of temperature gradients, the bridge displays a warped stress state; the stress results obtained from the exponential model exhibit a 21% increase compared to BS-5400. Optimization of the weights by the WOA algorithm results in a significant improvement in prediction accuracy, and the convergence speed is improved by 30%. The coefficient of determination (R2) for predicting temperature stress can reach as high as 0.99. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The drug‐resistant bacterial‐infected skin wound is still a severe healthcare problem. Uncontrolled bacterial infection, abundant reactive oxygen species (ROS) content, and prolonged inflammatory response are detrimental to wound healing. Moreover, excessive vessel growth can result in unsatisfactory scar formation. Herein, a three‐step regenerative strategy based on a bilayered gelatin/acryloyl β‐cyclodextrin (BGACD) hydrogel containing physical host–guest complexations and chemical crosslinks is proposed. The hydrogel is loaded with humic acids (HAs) and astragaloside IV (AS) in the lower layer and verteporfin (Vt) in the upper layer. Different gelatin/acryloyl β‐cyclodextrin ratios endow the lower and upper layers of the hydrogel with different degradation rates. Under light irradiation, the combination of HAs‐induced photothermal therapy (PTT) and verteporfin‐induced photodynamic therapy effectively inhibits MRSA growth. The HAs and astragaloside IV are released from the lower layer to scavenge ROS and promote M2 macrophage polarization and angiogenesis during the inflammation and early proliferation phases, while verteporfin releases from the upper layer suppress excessive vessel growth during the late proliferation and remodeling phases. The HAs‐AS@Vt@BGACD hydrogel successfully achieves rapid and scarless wound healing in an MRSA‐infected wound model in rats. Therefore, the HAs‐AS@Vt@BGACD hydrogel shows promising potential for the treatment of drug‐resistant bacteria‐infected skin wound healing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last decades, near‐infrared (NIR) light has attracted considerable attention due to its unique properties and numerous potential applications in bioimaging and disease treatment. Bone tissue engineering for bone regeneration with the help of biomaterials is currently an effective means of treating bone defects. As a controlled light source with deeper tissue penetration, NIR light can provide real‐time feedback of key information on bone regeneration in vivo utilizing fluorescence imaging and be used for bone disease treatment. This review provides a comprehensive overview of NIR light‐facilitated bone tissue engineering, from the introduction of NIR probes as well as NIR light‐responsive materials, and the visualization of bone regeneration to the treatment of bone‐related diseases. Furthermore, the existing challenges and future development directions of NIR light‐based bone tissue engineering are also discussed. This article is categorized under:Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and ImagingImplantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanotechnology in Tissue Repair and Replacement [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Post-stroke depression (PSD) affects approximately one-third of stroke survivors, severely impacting general recovery and quality of life. Despite extensive studies, the exact mechanisms underlying PSD remain elusive. However, emerging evidence implicates proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-18, play critical roles in PSD development. These cytokines contribute to PSD through various mechanisms, including hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis dysfunction, neurotransmitter alterations, neurotrophic factor changes, gut microbiota imbalances, and genetic predispositions. This review is aimed at exploring the role of cytokines in stroke and PSD while identifying their potential as specific therapeutic targets for managing PSD. A more profound understanding of the mechanisms regulating inflammatory cytokine expression and anti-inflammatory cytokines like interleukin-10 in PSD may facilitate the development of innovative interventions to improve outcomes for stroke survivors experiencing depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are the most common birth defects. Assessment of the incidence, distribution, disease spectrum, and genetic deficits of fetal CHDs in China is urgently needed. Methods: A national echocardiography screening program for fetal CHDs was implemented in 92 prenatal screening–diagnostic centers in China. Findings: A total of 18,171 fetal CHD cases were identified from 2,452,249 pregnancies, resulting in 7·4/1,000 as the national incidence rate of fetal CHD. The incidences of fetal CHD in the six geographical regions, the southern, central, eastern, southwestern, northern, and northwestern, were 7·647 (CI: 7·383–7·915), 7·839 (CI: 7·680–8·000), 7·647 (CI: 7·383–7·915), 7·562 (CI: 7·225–7·907), 5·618 (CI: 5·337–5·906), and 4·716 (CI: 4·341–5·108), respectively, per 1,000 pregnancies. Overall, ventricular septal defect was the most common fetal CHD, accounting for 17.04% of screened pregnancies nationwide, and tetralogy of Fallot, the most common anomaly in the major defect of fetal CHD, was the second most common, accounting for 9.72%. A total of 76.24% cases of fetal CHD were found to be an isolated intracardiac single defect. The remaining 23.76% of cases of fetal CHD had multiple heart defects. Among all extracardiac malformations, the central nervous system (CNS) was the most common tissue with extracardiac anomalies associated with CHD, accounting for 22.89% of fetal CHD cases. Chromosomal karyotyping identified trisomy 18 as the most common chromosomal abnormality in fetal CHD. We also documented that CHD-containing syndromes could be identified with a comprehensive approach integrating prenatal ultrasound, MRI, pathological autopsy, and cytogenetics and molecular genetics. Conclusion: Implementation of prenatal echocardiography as a practically feasible platform to screen fetal CHD will reduce the financial and emotional burden of CHD, which may facilitate intrauterine and neonatal intervention of CHD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Elevated concentrations of thyroglobulin eluent is a risk factor for lateral cervical lymph node metastasis (LLNM) in patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). We aimed to develop a practical nomogram based on the distribution of thyroid nodules and the presence of suspicious lateral cervical lymph nodes in fine-needle aspiration biopsies (LN-FNABs), including the cytopathology and the suspicious lateral cervical lymph node (LLN) thyroglobulin eluent (Tg), to predict the possibility of LLNM preoperatively in patients with PTC. Methods: The clinical data of PTC patients who were admitted to the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from January 2022 to May 2023 to undergo fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) were included in this study. A total of 208 patients in 2022 served as the training set (70%), and 89 patients in 2023 served as the validation set (30%). The clinical characteristics and LN-FNAB results were collected to determine the risk factors of LLNM. A preoperative nomogram was developed for predicting LLNM based on the results of the univariate and multivariate analyses. Internal calibration, external calibration, and decision curve analysis (DCA) were performed for these models. Results: The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the maximum thyroid nodule diameter (Odds Ratio (OR) 2.323, 95% CI 1.383 to 3.904; p = 0.001), Tg level (OR 1.007, 95% CI 1.005 to 1.009; p = 0.000), Tg divided by serum thyroglobulin, (Tg/sTg) [odds ratio (OR) 1.005, 95% CI 1.001 to 1.008; p = 0.009], and cytopathology (OR 9.738, 95% CI 3.678 to 25.783; p = 0.000) (all p < 0.05) had a significant impact on the LLNM of patients with suspicious LLNs. The nomogram showed a better predictive value in both the training cohort [area under the curve, (AUC) 0.937, 95% CI 0.895 to 0.966] and the validation cohort (AUC 0.957, 95% CI 0.892 to 0.989). The nomogram also showed excellent internal and external calibration in predicting LLNM. According to the DCA, the diagnostic performance of this model was dependent on the following variables: maximum thyroid nodule diameter, Tg level, Tg/sTg, and cytopathology. Conclusion: Based on the aforementioned risk factors, we believe that it is necessary to establish a personalized LLNM model for patients with PTC. Using this practical nomogram, which combines clinical and Tg risk factors, surgeons could accurately predict the possibility of LLNM preoperatively. The nomogram will also help surgeons to establish personalized treatment plans before surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a lifelong metabolic disorder and the most common cause of anovulatory infertility affecting women in reproductive age. Our recent study reported that apolipoprotein C3 (ApoC3) could be a potential diagnostic serum marker for metabolism disturbance in PCOS patients, but whether it is present in the ovaries and what role it plays has not yet been described. Objective: Aimed to investigate ApoC3 expression in ovary of PCOS, and to discuss its potential role in PCOS progression. Methods: ApoC3 expression in ovarian tissue samples from 12 PCOS patients along with 12 healthy controls were measured via immunohistochemistry (IHC). Also, the level of ApoC3 in follicular fluid from 14 patients diagnosed with PCOS and 13 control subjects were detected by ELISA. The expression and location of ApoC3 in ovaries of PCOS mice were tested weekly for three consecutive weeks during PCOS formation using real time PCR, Western Blot, IHC and immunofluorescence. The relation of ApoC3 and sex hormones was analyzed in mouse plasma. Additionally, the dynamic changes of ApoC3 level in ovaries of healthy mice during postnatal development was also investigated. Results: ApoC3 levels in ovarian tissue and follicular fluid were significantly higher in PCOS patients than in controls (33.87 ± 4.11 vs. 27.71 ± 3.65, P < 0.01; 0.87 ± 0.09 vs. 0.51 ± 0.32 ng/mL, P < 0.05), respectively. In ovary, ApoC3 was found to be located in the cytoplasm of oocyte, and its expression gradually increased with PCOS progression (P < 0.05). Furthermore, correlation analysis showed that plasma ApoC3 level was closely associated with luteinizing hormone (r = 0.709, P = 0.001), testosterone (r = 0.627, P = 0.005) and anti-mullerian hormone (r = 0.680, P = 0.002) in PCOS mice. In addition, ApoC3 level in oocyte was physiologically increased and peaked on postnatal age 21 (P21), then decreased following P21 in healthy mice. Conclusions: We identified ApoC3 expression in oocyte. It may be involved in PCOS progression and possibly participate in the regulation of oocyte development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the radiation effect of gamma irradiation (60Co) on the Au/Ni/β-Ga2O3 vertical Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) was investigated for total doses of about 1 Mrad (Si). The SBDs were characterized by current density–voltage (J–V) and capacitance–voltage (C–V) measurements. Compared with original β-Ga2O3 SBDs, it was found that Schottky barrier height Φb increases from 1.08 to 1.12 eV, the ideality factor n decreases from 1.07 to 1.02, and the specific on-resistance Ron,sp decreases from 3.34 to 2.95 mΩ·cm2 for the irradiated β-Ga2O3 SBDs. In addition, the carrier concentration calculated from the C–V measurements increases slightly after gamma irradiation. The temperature-dependent current–voltage characteristics and conductance-frequency measurements indicate that the Schottky contact interface of β-Ga2O3 SBDs had been slightly improved after irradiation. These results suggest that β-Ga2O3 SBDs have high intrinsic gamma irradiation hardness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To address the problems of brittleness and poor elastic deformation ability of oil‐well cement stone, styrene‐butadiene latex powder was prepared using emulsion polymerization with styrene, liquid polybutadiene, 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl‐1‐propanesulfonic acid, and fumaric acid as raw materials. The dispersion properties of styrene‐butadiene latex powder in water were investigated, as well as the elastic enhancement effect of the powder in cement. The test results showed that styrene‐butadiene latex powder has good dispersion performance in water and is not easy to agglomerate, which can improve the fluidity of cement slurry. The elastic modulus of cement stone mixed with styrene butadiene latex powder is 43.1% and 27.8% lower than that of blank cement stone without styrene‐butadiene latex powder and the cement stone mixed with commercially available latex powder, respectively. The results of the mechanism analysis showed that the styrene‐butadiene latex powder can be filled in the cement stone, improved the compactness of the cement stone, buffered the external stress impact, and improve the elasticity of the cement stone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we demonstrated the enhancement mode (E-mode) β-Ga2O3 metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) by introducing a hybrid floating gate (HFG) structure. This E-mode Ga2O3 MOSFET featured the highest VTH of 9.03 V and the highest maximum current ID of 70.0 mA/mm among the reported lateral normally off β-Ga2O3 MOSFETs. Meanwhile, a breakdown voltage of 834 V, a specific on-resistance RON,sp of 19.3 mΩ·cm2, and a sub-threshold swing SS of 87 mV/dec were achieved simultaneously. In addition, VTH shifted by only 9.9% after applying a gate stress of 25 V for 105 s. These findings provide a promising path for the development of enhancement-mode Ga2O3 power devices by incorporating a charge-storage structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a common complication characterized by impaired placental function and unfavorable pregnancy outcomes. This study aims to elucidate the expression pattern of miR-181d-5p in FGR placentas and explore its effects on trophoblast fusion. Methods: The expression pattern of miR-181d-5p in human FGR placentas were evaluated using qRT-PCR. Western blot, qRT-PCR, and Immunofluorescence analysis were performed in a Forskolin (FSK)-induced BeWo cell fusion model following the transfection of miR-181d-5p mimic or inhibitor. Potential target genes for miR-181d-5p were identified by screening miRNA databases. The interaction between miR-181d-5p and Luman/CREB3 Recruitment Factor (CREBRF) was determined through a luciferase assay. Moreover, the effect of CREBRF on BeWo cell fusion was examined under hypoxic conditions. Results: Aberrant up-regulation of miR-181d-5p and altered expression of trophoblast fusion makers, including glial cell missing 1 (GCM1), Syncytin1 (Syn1), and E-cadherin (ECAD), were found in human FGR placentas. A down-regulation of miR-181d-5p expression was observed in the FSK-induced BeWo cell fusion model. Transfection of the miR-181d-5p mimic resulted in the inhibition of BeWo cell fusion, characterized by a down-regulation of GCM1 and Syn1, accompanied by an up-regulation of ECAD. Conversely, the miR-181d-5p inhibitor promoted BeWo cell fusion. Furthermore, miR-181d-5p exhibited negative regulation of CREBRF, which was significantly down-regulated in the hypoxia-induced BeWo cell model. The overexpression of CREBRF was effectively ameliorated the impaired BeWo cell fusion induced by hypoxia. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that miR-181d-5p, which is elevated in FGR placenta, inhibited the BeWo cell fusion through negatively regulating the expression of CREBRF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]