Search

The process of resource mobilisation is fundamental in the creation of social value. However, the evidence that examines the approaches used by social entrepreneurs to mobilise critical resources in an environment with poor resources is limited. This study empirically explores social bricolage in the new research context of developing countries, building on the notion of 'social bricolage'). This abductive, multiple-case study adopts the qualitative methodological approach, using empirical data on five social enterprises in Egypt through in-depth interviews with industry experts, social entrepreneurs, and other management teams. Our study advances scholarly understanding of social bricolage by examining resource mobilisation processes over time in the resource-scarce context of developing countries. Our analysis traces the six social bricolage constructs: making do, refusal to be constrained by limitations, improvisation, the creation of social value, stakeholder participation, and persuasion and community involvement. Our empirical data identifies three more constructs associated with social bricolage: distributed leadership/teamwork, dynamic capabilities, and legitimacy (trust and reputation). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The EU has implemented a whole array of industrial policy programmes over the past decade to bolster the competitiveness of selected knowledge-intensive industries and to induce a digital and green transition. Responding to shifting competitive challenges in global capitalism, and the adoption of industrial strategies by other major economies, the new EU industrial policy seeks to onshore manufacturing capacity in sectors of geoeconomic importance, and simultaneously reduce dependencies on global value chains. Drawing on a historical materialist perspective, this article historizes and contextualises the financing strategies adopted within EU industrial policy. Faced with tight budgetary constraints, and deficit spending not being an option at the EU level, unlocking private investment takes centre stage, such as by tapping into capital markets or using member state aid or EU structural funds as a precursor, as well as by incentivising private investments through risk-absorbing financial instruments that rely on the EU budgetary resources. As will be shown, the EU has been experimenting with such risk-absorbing financial gimmicks for industrial policy purposes since the 1990s; yet, their usage has reached unprecedented levels with the heightened geoeconomic tensions since the 2008 and Covid-19 crises. The article demonstrates moreover that organised factions within financial and industrial capital have actively advocated for public safeguards, and that their deployment thus is not merely a functionalist response to shifting power dynamics or a desperate last resort in the absence of a supranational fiscal policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Farol - Revista de Estudos Organizacionais e Sociedade is the property of Farol - Revista de Estudos Organizacionais e Sociedade and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This commentary discusses the relationship between the UK Labour Party and the financial services sector in the context of an approach to economic policy and growth. It highlights the historical scepticism of the Labour Party towards financial services, rooted in ideology and practical experience alongside a recognition of the need to engage with the sector to promote economic growth and investment. The Labour Party's evolving stance towards financial services is outlined, which has oscillated between support in the 1990s and early 2000s, to a more critical view in the 2010s, with a more recent return to advocacy. The commentary draws attention to a tension in the party's encouragement of an industry that can provide economic growth at home, while at the same time being wary of developing policies designed to provide necessary growth in other areas, such as in green technologies, but that might incur the disapproval of global financial investors. Labour's dilemmas are illustrative of the contemporary problems of policy formation in a relatively small but open economy, where options to promote growth and green investment are constrained in the face of the disciplinary power of global financial capital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this special issue, we take up the metaphor of the ghost to identify the seemingly intangible yet undeniable persistence of racism, empire and colonialism in finance and the global capitalist economy. In the aftermath of a world system built through colonialism, imperialism and their race-making projects, we all emerge haunted by racial colonialism. Despite this differently-expressed but shared global condition, we also live in a world marked by a willed forgetfulness, occurring more broadly, and especially in fields like economics and political economy. We argue that in order to understand the cultural economy one must confront the ghostly aspects of it. This special issue contributes to the cultural economy of finance by demonstrating pivotal ways in which finance actually works. We do so by refracting the lens of contemporary financial activity to reveal hidden ghostly power relations connecting the past of empire and colonialism with the present of financialisation and coloniality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Climate change poses a significant threat to rural livelihoods in low- and middle-income countries. Enhancing the sustainability of these livelihoods is crucial for ensuring food security and nutrition at both global and regional levels. This study investigates the role of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) practices in improving rural livelihoods in Latin America, specifically through the Climate Smart Village (CSV) approach. Methods: Our analysis involved a dataset of 267 households, comprising both adopters and non-adopters of CSA practices in CSVs across Guatemala, Honduras, and Colombia. We employed multiple correspondence analysis (MCA), Gower’s metric, agglomerative clustering, partitioning around medoids (PAM), and cluster validation. Our aim was to understand how CSA practices, which include the use of agroclimatic information, soil and water management practices, and risk diversification strategies, contribute to enhancing livelihoods. We examined this in the context of the five capitals (social, natural, physical, financial, and human) of the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework (SLF). Results: Our findings indicate that CSA farmers exhibit lower capital-based vulnerability compared to non-CSA farmers. This is particularly evident in the areas of social capital, as well as human and natural capital for certain CSA adopters. However, the similar performance in financial and physical capital between CSA and non-CSA farmers suggests the need for additional strategies to reduce vulnerability in these areas. We examined this through the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework (SLF), which includes five capitals: social, natural, physical, financial and human. Conclusion: These findings offer a valuable framework for policy and decisionmaking processes, helping to identify which capitals and dimensions of livelihood vulnerability should be prioritized in different contexts to achieve climate resilience and sustainable development. The study advocates for continued research efforts, incorporating expanded indicators, such as gender indicators within social and human capital definitions, for a more comprehensive assessment of CSA’s impact. The application of SLF for analyzing CSA’s contribution to rural livelihoods represents a novel approach in Latin American studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Microenterprises in emerging economies are known to operate in turbulent and resource-scarce environments. We test our hypothesis that a more comprehensive "Integrated Capital-Based Model" (ICBM) is needed when explaining the performance of microenterprises in such an environment. The model combines traditionally researched financial, human and social capital with more recently emphasized psychological and cognitive capital, providing greater explanatory power than models using only the traditional types of capital. Design/methodology/approach: We use a pooled linear regression to analyze an existing survey of more than 900 independent business owners who were interviewed seven times between 2008 and 2012 in the Accra and Tema marketplaces in Ghana. We measure the performance of microenterprises using three dependent variables (revenue, profits, and productivity). We contrast the explanatory power of ICBM models against the more traditional models. Findings: The ICBM has significantly higher levels of explanatory power over the traditional models in examining the performance of these microenterprises. These results highlight the importance of psychological and cognitive capital in emerging economies. Research limitations/implications: We advocate for a more comprehensive view of capital as shown in our ICBM. However, the data were gathered only in an urban setting, which limits the generalizability to rural parts of emerging economies. Practical implications: These findings suggest the utility of government and appropriate agencies finding ways to enhance the level of psychological and cognitive capital of microenterprise owners. Originality/value: This paper's originality stems from hypothesizing and empirically confirming the higher predictive efficacy of ICBM against more traditionally researched capital sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Jurnal Reviu Akuntansi dan Keuangan (JRAK) is the property of Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

With developments in global economic integration and the increase in future economic uncertainty, it is imperative to have the ability to predict future capital in relation to financial capital inflow and outflow predictions to ensure capital optimization is within a controllable range within the current macroeconomic environment and situation. This paper proposes an automated capital prediction strategy for the capital supply chain using time series analysis artificial intelligence methods. Firstly, to analyze the fluctuation and tail risk of the financial characteristics, the paper explores the financial characteristics for measuring the dynamic VaR from the perspectives of volatility, tail, and peak with the Bayesian peaks over threshold (POT) model. Following this, in order to make the modeling more refined, the forecast targets are split before modeling with seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) models and Prophet models. Finally, the time series modeling of the wavelet Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model is carried out using a two-part analysis method to determine the linear separated wavelet and non-linear embedded wavelet parts to predict strong volatility in financial capital. Taking the user capital flow of the Yu'e Bao platform, the results prove the feasibility and prediction accuracy of the innovative model proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite contributing to host country economies, there is limited examination of self-employed female immigrants in the literature. While human, social, and financial capital are important for entrepreneurship in general, given immigrant women's intersectional identities, the potential exists for these factors to affect them differently. This study uses US data obtained from Integrated Public Use Microdata Series (IPUMS) to empirically test the relationship of human, social, and financial capital on female immigrants' self-employment and compares these relationships with US-born women and male immigrants. While the results are mixed, overall, the findings suggest that female immigrants' odds of being self-employed, in relation to their levels of human, social, and financial capital, are influenced to a greater extent by their immigrant identity than their gender identity. Implications for future research and public policy are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

City-village relations and the withdrawal of financial capital produced from the agricultural sector of the villages and its transfer to the city; this research has analyzed the causes and factors of capital outflow from the villages to the cities and its consequences in the villages of Dehgolan county. This research is descriptive-analytical research. In addition to the librarydocumentary studies, the necessary data was obtained using a researcher-made questionnaire. Based on Cochran's formula, 340 samples were selected from rural farmers in 15 villages (out of 105 villages) by stratified sampling. Kolmogorov-Smirnov and correlation coefficient tests were used in SPSS software to ensure the normality of the data. Then, the structural equation modeling method was used in Smart PLS software for factor analysis of data. The most important factor affecting capital outflow is the institutional-management factor, the most important of which is the absence or ineffective presence of government institutions in the agricultural sector, weak support and facilities, and insufficient government investment in rural infrastructure. Among the most important social factors, we can mention the motivation to invest in the cities and the psychological and social security of investing in the city. The most important economic factors include income generation, ensuring the return of capital, and the existence of investment fields in cities (land and housing, industries, banks, etc.). Capital outflow is a phenomenon with institutional-management, economic, and social roots (in the order of importance). If it flows from rural areas to cities, it will intensify the inequality and instability of villages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The measurement of the impact of non-financial capitals on company value within the context of integrated reporting (IR) has remained an elusive empirical and practitioner question. The IR framework was designed to provide an improved corporate reporting approach to different stakeholders. However, the framework falls short of providing a tool that practitioners and stakeholders could use to determine how company value has changed over time. Objectives: The main objective of this research was to produce an enhanced IR framework through an Augmented Integrated Reporting Model (AIRM). Methods: The model tested the relationship of five capitals (financial, manufactured, intellectual, human, and social and relationship capitals) to company value. The study used quantitative research methodology that utilised panel data fixed effects regression analysis in EViews software. Results: The AIRM demonstrates that social and relationship capital have a positive impact on market share price, EVA and TobinQ, while association to share price at book value is negative. Human capital has a positive relationship to market share price and a negative influence on EVA, TobinQ and share price at book value. Intellectual and manufactured capital have positive associations with the four dependent variables of company value. Conclusions: This research implies that a contribution has been made in resolving the challenge of quantifying and measuring non-financial capitals and how they impact company value. The study recommends that IR report preparers, report analysts, investors, academics, and other relevant stakeholders use the AIRM to measure and manage the various capitals in the process of company value creation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The measurement of the impact of non-financial capitals on company value within the context of integrated reporting (IR) has remained an elusive empirical and practitioner question. The IR framework was designed to provide an improved corporate reporting approach to different stakeholders. However, the framework falls short of providing a tool that practitioners and stakeholders could use to determine how company value has changed over time. Objectives: The main objective of this research was to produce an enhanced IR framework through an Augmented Integrated Reporting Model (AIRM). Methods: The model tested the relationship of five capitals (financial, manufactured, intellectual, human, and social and relationship capitals) to company value. The study used quantitative research methodology that utilised panel data fixed effects regression analysis in EViews software. Results: The AIRM demonstrates that social and relationship capital have a positive impact on market share price, EVA and TobinQ, while association to share price at book value is negative. Human capital has a positive relationship to market share price and a negative influence on EVA, TobinQ and share price at book value. Intellectual and manufactured capital have positive associations with the four dependent variables of company value. Conclusions: This research implies that a contribution has been made in resolving the challenge of quantifying and measuring non-financial capitals and how they impact company value. The study recommends that IR report preparers, report analysts, investors, academics, and other relevant stakeholders use the AIRM to measure and manage the various capitals in the process of company value creation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forests are increasingly recognized for their beneficial roles in human health. However, there is a debate on how forest health benefits can be accessed equitably, particularly by vulnerable forest-dependent rural communities in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Access to forest health benefits is determined by a range of interconnected means, including property rights, as well as natural, physical, human, social, and financial capital. This paper presents a literature review of the roles of means of access in shaping human health effects of forests. Evidence suggests that variations in these means of access are associated with varying ability to access forest health benefits. However, existing evidence is thin, mixed, and weak. A conceptual model is then developed to provide a framework for understanding how means of access moderate the effects of forests on health in rural LMICs to guide the generation of strong evidence. The multiple interconnected factors moderating the health effects of forests at the core of the conceptual framework promote the multisectoral and transdisciplinary approaches needed to enhance equitable access to forest health benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this research is to investigate the types of revenue creation models that life insurance firms in India generally employ, as well as how effective they are at accurately evaluating the financial performance of these companies. SBI Life and ICICI Prudential Life Insurance are the two life insurance providers that we have selected for this. To achieve the goals of the study, a variety of statistical and financial methods are employed in conjunction with secondary sources to gather data pertaining to the five-year period between 2018 and 2023. To analyze their performance, one must include financial, intellectual, human, social, and relationship capital. In all four of the models utilized in this analysis, SBI Life Insurance outperforms ICICI Prudential Life Insurance in terms of performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Women entrepreneurs are promoted to adopt digital technology as a means of enhancing business performance. Therefore, this research aims to investigate the impact of human, social, financial, physical, and intellectual capital on digital technology adoption among women entrepreneurs. A quantitative method is used with an associative type across various business sectors in East Java Province, Indonesia. Furthermore, the sample is selected by purposive sampling with a total of 268 individuals. Data collection is carried out through a questionnaire, while the analysis is performed using PLS-SEM. The results show that human, financial, physical, and intellectual capital have a positive and significant influence on the adoption of digital technology among women entrepreneurs. However, only social capital reports an insignificant influence. Among the examined variables, intellectual capital plays the most crucial role in adopting digital technology. This research provides theoretical and practical implications for women entrepreneurs and the government. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Frailty, cognitive impairment, and depressive symptoms are closely interrelated conditions in the aging population. However, limited research has longitudinally analyzed the concurrent trajectories of these three prominent conditions in older adults in China. This study aimed to explore the eight-year trajectories of frailty, cognitive impairment, and depressive symptoms, and to identify individual-level and structural-level factors associated with the trajectories. Methods: Four waves of data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (2011–2018) were used to identify 6,106 eligible older adults. The main measures included frailty by the frailty index constructed using 30 indicators, cognitive impairment by the summary score of immediate and delayed word recall, figure drawing, serial subtraction, and orientation, and depressive symptoms by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Multi-trajectory models identified the trajectories of frailty, cognitive impairment, and depressive symptoms over time. Multinomial logistic regression was employed to estimate the associations between individual-level capital factors and one structural factor (hukou and geographic residency) with the identified trajectories, adjusting for demographic characteristics. Results: Four trajectories emerged: (1) worsening frailty, worsening cognitive impairment, depression (14.0%); (2) declining pre-frailty, declining cognition, borderline depression (20.0%); (3) pre-frailty, worsening cognitive impairment, no depression (29.3%); and (4) physically robust, declining cognition, no depression (36.7%). Using the "physically robust, declining cognition, no depression" as the reference, not working, no social activity participant, worse childhood family financial situation, and poorer adult health were most strongly associated with the "worsening frailty, worsening cognitive impairment, depression" trajectory; worse health during childhood had the highest association with the "declining pre-frailty, declining cognition, borderline depression" trajectory; less education, lower household consumption, and rural hukou had the greatest association with the increased likelihood of the "pre-frailty, worsening cognitive impairment, no depression" trajectory. Conclusions: Findings could inform the understanding of the interrelationship of frailty, cognitive impairment, and depressive symptoms in older adults in China and may help practitioners detect adults at risk for adverse trajectories to implement strategies for proper care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The objective of the article is to examine the role of foreign venture capital and foreign business angels in companies' early internationalization based on the example of Polish ICT start-ups. Research Design & Methods: We based the scientific argument on an analysis of the existing state of knowledge in this area and the empirical research conducted among 220 Polish start-ups, which founded our logistic regression model. Findings: Based on the study, a positive relationship exists between the involvement of foreign venture capital funds in start-ups and their early internationalization. Implications & Recommendations: Start-ups should cooperate with foreign institutions, such as venture capital funds, as their knowledge and experience can be a source of start-ups' early internationalization. We recommend that scholars conduct further in-depth panel studies on the impact of foreign investment funds on the early internationalization process. Contribution & Value Added: The article covers research yet to be undertaken in research analyses in early internationalization and can serve as a starting point for further in-depth studies of the phenomenon, also based on start-ups from other countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Retratos de Assentamentos is the property of Revista Retratos de Assentamentos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of the article is the analysis of capital valuation methods in the integrated reporting of enterprises and the formation of an appropriate system of indicators for determining the value of the business. A condition for displaying capital in integrated reporting is their assessment, i.e. characterization using a system of relevant indicators. The analysis of scientific publications and integrated reports of enterprises showed that there are different approaches to the assessment of each type of capital. For this, both financial (monetary and non-monetary) and non-financial indicators are used. Quantitative indicators are very important for explaining the practice of the organization's use of various capitals and their changes. Qualitative indicators help to better disclose information for capital evaluation. There is no formalized or generally recognized list of indicators for characterizing enterprise capital. Therefore, enterprises must independently determine them, based on the type of their economic activity. Likewise, there is no unanimity regarding the methods of capital assessment for their reflection in integrated reporting. Their choice depends on the selected indicator system. The proposed division of indicators into general and additional allows for a more systematic approach to the development of their system by types of capital. In addition, it is advisable to take into account that certain indicators can be used to characterize two or more capitals. The obtained results open up new areas of further research that will help answer questions about the formation of the total value of business, in particular: definition and systematization of a list of universal indicators of capital assessment in integrated reporting (general), which can be used at enterprises regardless of their type of activity (or/and which are most relevant for providers of financial capital); a more detailed analysis of how the value of each of the capitals at enterprises is formed and their impact on the overall value of the business; determination of capital valuation methods and approaches that can be used to reliably determine business value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Production efficiency is a standard to evaluate the high-quality development of animal husbandry. As an important tool for herdsmen to collect and use information for animal husbandry production and innovation, the internet is not only an inner motivation for improvement of production efficiency but also an important engine for transformation of animal husbandry modernization. It is of practical significance to analyze the impact of internet use on the production efficiency of animal husbandry from the micro-level. This paper, based on the survey data of 340 herdsmen in Inner Mongolia, adopts the Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) model to measure the production efficiency of animal husbandry and selects the Tobit model and moderation effect model to analyze the relationship between internet use and animal husbandry production efficiency under the influence of different capitals. Results show that the production efficiency of animal husbandry is relatively low and internet use has a positive and statistically significant effect on production efficiency; moreover, social capital and financial capital have a negative moderation effect when internet use affects production efficiency. Our findings suggest that the use of internet technology should be paid more attention in order to increase the production efficiency of grass-based animal husbandry in Inner Mongolia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identifying strategies for increasing the income of densely populated communities, particularly concerning the COVID-19 pandemic, remains a challenge. Specifically, this study aims to investigate the influence of entrepreneurial interest, digital marketing, and financial capital on income generation in Pahandut Village, Indonesia. The study adopts a quantitative research methodology based on a sociological-economic approach. Data analysis involves the use of multiple linear regression analysis. A random sampling technique was utilized to select 152 respondents from the entire population of Pahandut village. The findings reveal that entrepreneurial interest, digital marketing, and financial capital have a positive and significant influence on income generation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, it can be concluded that greater entrepreneurial interest, utilization of digital marketing, and financial capital will increase income for Kahayan River bank community during the COVID-19 pandemic era. Therefore, to adapt to the evolving business landscape, it is crucial to provide support for business literacy aimed at both starting and expanding a business. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Canada's rural areas face economic challenges due to globalization and urbanization. These trends lead to wealth being less "embedded" in place as citizens have fewer geographic constraints and rely more on intangible resources for livelihood. To counter these effects, some Canadian provinces allow the creation of Community Investment Funds, which sell business equity shares to residents. Many such provinces also offer tax incentives to spur investments, and some incentive programs have generated attention, but the potential and impact of these programs is difficult to determine. We presents results from a study of Community Investment Fund programs, including a document review and interviews with key informants from across Canada. By assessing program impacts and qualities, we find that these programs positively impact rural economic and community development but require provincial resources to encourage participation and understanding. Further expansion and resourcing of these program could create positive impacts for embedding capital in rural places, facilitating rural prosperity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the impacts of small‐scale farmers on food security enhancement were estimated in three dimensions of food availability, food access and food utilization. In the current study, a systematic review and meta‐analysis have been performed to synthesize results from 75 original articles. It includes the pooling of data that quantitatively investigate whether or not causal links characterized in the original articles remain valid across a broader scope of the literature. The findings show that farmers who are small‐scale in natural/physical capital would lead to higher median food production and agricultural productivity, compared with small‐scale farmers in financial capital, at about 19% and 15%, respectively. Meta‐regression results indicate that small‐scale farmers in natural/physical capital have significantly positive effects on the average agricultural productivity, food income and biofortification. By contrast, farmers who are small‐scale in financial capital have negative effects on food security. The influential role of these small‐scale farmers should also be considered since food insecurity leads to socio‐economic implications. Therefore, it is recommended to cultivate higher value crops, to participate in various income‐generating activities such as fisheries and forestry, and to pay agricultural credits. The effect of the size of small‐scale farmers on global food security is very useful for policymakers to plan for a world without hunger. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research work aims to identify the main factors that determine the success of the enterprises established in the urban area of Riobamba (Ecuador). The research is descriptive and correlational. The field study includes a survey applied to 57 companies. For the analysis, the econometric model of binary logistic regression is used, taking nine explanatory variables. The main results show that the main determinants of success in ventures are represented as the most significant variable human capital explained by experience, academic education, and age; the greater the human capital, the greater the possibility of achieving success in ventures. Financial capital is another important variable that significantly determines entrepreneurial activity. Finally, social capital has a direct relationship with the success of ventures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of American Anthropologist is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The situation of micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in agriculture in Surakarta after the pandemic are still worrying; thus, effective empowerment efforts are needed to revive and develop MSMEs in agriculture. Empowerment will be maximally successful if various resources are available for its implementation. This study aimed to directly and indirectly analyze the effect of empowerment, human capital, economic capital, actors' perceptions of their business, and financial capital on the ability of agricultural business actors. This research study used quantitative methods with survey techniques. The sample population of this research study included all agricultural business actors in Surakarta covering five districts, and the sample was taken randomly. The data collection techniques included direct interviews, observations, and focus group discussions. The results showed that empowerment has a significant direct effect on economic capital, increasing it by 21.6 percent, and a very significant positive direct effect on the ability of agricultural business actors, increasing it by 20.9 percent. Empowerment has no significant direct effect on human capital, perception, and financial capital. Economy capital and perceptions of business actors have very significant direct effects on the ability of business actors, at 23.1 percent and 37.2 percent, while human capital and financial capital have no direct effects on the ability of business actors. Indirect empowerment via human capital, economic capital, perception, and financial capital factors has no significant effect on the ability of agricultural business actors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The most significant domestic and foreign publications on the problem of reducing the negative impact of financialization on the rate of output growth and the increase of wages in the real sector of the economy are analyzed in the article. It is emphasized the financialization of the world economy forms a new paradigm of destructive changes in production and industrial capital from the side of financial capital, and, at the same time, conditions the need for the exploitation of national capital from the side of global oligarchic capital. Financialization causes an increase in the gap between the richest and poorest sections of the population, which, in turn, leads to the strengthening of social inequality in society and causes a sharp decrease in the growth rates of the real sector of the economy, as a result of which the processes of deepening poverty in countries are intensified. Regardless of their level of development and the state of financial capitalism. A more sharply delineated problem concerns those countries that are on the periphery of economic development, which includes Ukraine, the course taken by them towards financialization led to the development of significant destabilizing factors, which led to the generation of phenomena and processes that correspond to the concept of neo-feudalism (oligarchic-clan economy). The authors of the article proposed a number of measures aimed at reducing the withdrawal of financial capital outside the country, differentiated taxation of profits from the use of financial and production capital, and reducing the level of the shadow economy in Ukraine. In particular, it is proposed: to introduce progressive taxation of citizens’ incomes that exceed the average level in the state; direct additional financial resources from progressive taxation of enterprises to increase their own production capital; to increase the rate of taxation of profit from financial capital and reduce the rate of taxation of profit from capital invested in the real sector of the economy; to provide enterprises with irrevocable state financial resources for each new job vacancy created, as well as practice investment tax credits, in particular with regard to income tax and VAT; to develop a draft Law of Ukraine on the possibility of creating collective enterprises, the shares of which belong exclusively to each employee of such an enterprise; to ban the activity of financial oligarchic enterprises with their subsequent nationalization, the owners of which left the territory of our country during the period of mobilization in wartime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper examines the 2012–2013 Starbucks tax crisis in the United Kingdom (UK) as an anatomy of tragedy. The tragedy in relation to Starbucks is the displacement of an opportunity to examine the relationship between financial capital and national capitalisms. The paper illustrates how the crisis displaced opportunities for substantive critique concerning financial capital, national capitalisms, multinationals, taxation and society. Design/methodology/approach: As a critical, discursive intervention, the paper examines how rhetoric was employed in 157 media articles published in six UK newspapers and on two news portals (both in print and online). The paper employs rhetorical redescription to the document archive, presenting the finding and analysis as a play in the style of an Aristotelian tragedy. Findings: Analysis of the Starbucks approach to transfer pricing identifies misunderstandings of accounting, taxation transfer pricing, and "resolution" and how the media's construction of Starbucks as immoral, anti-British, potentially illegal operated to confuse the politics. The effect of these misunderstandings and confusion was to take attention away from a politics concerning financial capital valorisation and national capitalisms (jurisdictions raising tax revenue for government spending and social services). Originality/value: First, the paper explores the politics of displacement to illustrate the metonymic concealment of the primary identity of the political. Second, Aristotelian tragedy is employed to study and present methods of displacement. Third, the empirics are depicted in a dramatic format to illustrate how rhetorical interventions by the media and actors displaced the political focus away from financial capital and national capitalisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Eptic Online is the property of Revista Eptic Online and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Starting from the two correct positions that, compared to the form of capitalism that preceded it, neoliberal capitalism has generally been more harmful to working people, and that in it finance plays a greater role in both scale and scope, some political economists argue that in neoliberalism financial capital is parasitic on nonfinancial (or "productive," or "industrial") capital. The central argument of this article is that, to the contrary, financial capital serves all capital through the various ways that it allows for neoliberalism to increase its appropriation of surplus value. To concretely support this position, the article considers a particular financial relation, debt, and indicates seven specific ways debt expansion facilitates neoliberalism's pursuit of increased appropriation of surplus value. Secondarily, this article rejects any stated or implied policy implications from the parasitic financial capital thesis that present "productive capitalism" as the desirable alternative to the deleterious effects of financialized capitalism. JEL Classification : G00, G51, H63 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although effective resource integration is a critical requisite for entrepreneurial success, the literature suggests there are crucial gaps for minority entrepreneurs. We examine how interracial distrust (ID), an indicator of the extent to which minority entrepreneurs distrust other races, is related to internal and social capital. We examine the relationships of such capitals on the willingness to borrow from banks and friends, and explore the link with firm performance. Using a sample of 276 primarily African American entrepreneurs, we find support for most of our hypotheses. We find that ID is negatively associated with external social capital and a willingness to borrow from banks. Surprisingly, we found that ID had a negative effect on internal social capital and a willingness to borrow from friends. We also found that internal and external social capital was positively related to firm performance. We discuss the implications of some of these surprising research findings as well as the policy implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The financialisation of land and housing marks a new empire colonising the urban landscape in which territories are increasingly captured and populations are dislocated and dispossessed. Under this model of urban development, the link between capital and built space has reached unprecedented scale and speed by mobilising new legal, political and economic instruments. In this article, we examine how law constitutes and operates this link by enabling a true domination of finance over built space. At the foundation of the connection between space and finance lies the liberal idea of private property, which has historically modulated the territorial organisation of cities and established borders between the city and its margins. Identified all over the world as outcast and subnormal, the urban margins are stigmatised, criminalised and racialised places which are under permanent threat and, simultaneously, functional to the real estate financial capital. Performing the role of preferred territories to be used as new frontiers of capital expansion, these places can be deeply marked by violence and destruction in the name of legality. But in addressing this scenario, it is important to recognise that the city is under dispute and, beyond the capture of territories by finance, there is also a permanent movement of emplacements, generating landscapes for life. Different resistance experiences in cities around the world, with their use of insurgent tactics such as occupations, communal forms of ownership and other collective and complex bonds with land, perform blockages against the referred submission of built space to finance. We argue that, in this 'urban warfare', space is not the scenery where battles take place, but rather the object of these battles itself. In this context, insurgent spatialities and legal forms emerge as key collective processes of building new forms of urban life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global economic crisis in 2007–2008 intensified the role of financial capital in farmland markets around the world. Speculation in land facilitates the circulation of financial capital in a context of international economic instability. This trend is stimulated by foreign pension funds in search of new assets. The economic crisis generated a change in the profile of agribusiness in Brazil through mergers and joint ventures not only with foreign agricultural corporations but also with financial and oil corporations. As these corporations concentrated their operations, the increase in the prices of their shares in the stock markets facilitated their access to credit for further expansion. This process of crisis accumulation was marked by the overexploitation of labor and predatory control over natural resources. The expansion of monocropping of agricultural commodities increased land prices, causing environmental destruction and the displacement of peasant communities. A crise econômica global em 2007-2008 intensificou o papel do capital financeiro nos mercados de terras agrícolas em todo o mundo. A especulação fundiária facilita a circulação do capital financeiro em um contexto de instabilidade econômica internacional. Essa tendência é estimulada por fundos de pensão estrangeiros em busca de novos ativos. A crise econômica gerou uma mudança no perfil do agronegócio no Brasil por meio de fusões e joint ventures não apenas com empresas agrícolas estrangeiras, mas também com empresas financeiras e petrolíferas. À medida em que essas corporações concentravam suas operações, o aumento das cotações de suas ações nas bolsas de valores facilitou seu acesso a crédito para maior expansão. Esse processo de acumulação e crise foi marcado pela superexploração do trabalho e pelo controle predatório de recursos naturais. A expansão do monocultivo de commodities agrícolas aumentou o preço da terra, causando destruição ambiental e deslocamento de comunidades camponesas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The political action of financial capital and its class fractions in 2015–2016 resulted in the overthrow of President Dilma Rousseff and her replacement by Michel Temer's interim government. Financial capital at the time was made up of the internal banking bourgeoisie, involving the large national commercial banks, and the associated financial bourgeoisie, involving nonbank financial institutions operating in the capital market. Examination of the relationship between financial capital and other bourgeois fractions in this context disputes the hypotheses of a bourgeois united front and of a convergence around rentism to demonstrate that the Brazilian bourgeoisie did not constitute a political front that overthrew the government as a bloc. A ação política do capital financeiro e suas frações de classe em 2015-2016 resultou na derrubada da presidente Dilma Rousseff e sua substituição pelo governo interino de Michel Temer. O capital financeiro da época era constituído pela burguesia bancária interna, envolvendo os grandes bancos comerciais nacionais bem como a burguesia financeira associada, abrangendo as instituições financeiras não bancárias que atuavam no mercado de capitais. Uma investigação sobre a relação entre capital financeiro e outras frações burguesas nesse contexto contesta as hipóteses de uma frente única burguesa e de uma convergência em torno do rentismo para demonstrar que a burguesia brasileira não constituiu uma frente política que derrubou o governo como bloco. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To reduce the passive entrepreneurial exit of rural families and improve the quality of rural entrepreneurship, we theoretically discuss how digital technology can help rural families to obtain resources in the process of entrepreneurship from a micro perspective to inhibit the passive entrepreneurial exit, and perform an empirical test by using the data of three consecutive periods of China's household finance survey in 2015, 2017, and 2019. The results show that: First, digital technology use has a significant inhibitory effect on the passive entrepreneurial exit of rural families. Second, the role of digital technology lies in effectively improving the social capital, human capital, and financial capital of entrepreneurial families, thus inhibiting the passive entrepreneurial exit of rural families. Third, the role of digital technology is related to the development level of village social networks and county economic development levels. The average marginal effect of data technology in villages or counties with high development levels is higher. The policy implications are as follows: We should accelerate the improvement of rural digital infrastructure construction, accelerate the expansion of digital services for the people, and enhance the ability of farmers to use digital technology while increasing policy support for farmers' entrepreneurship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we discuss financialisation as the development of fictitious capital in more developed and less developed countries. The controversies surrounding the meaning of fictitious capital require a preliminary discussion on its conceptual definition, which is done by means of an analysis of the relationship between real and fictitious capital within the labour theory of value. Once theoretically explained why the relative autonomy of circulation from production supports financialisation as the development of fictitious capital, we focus on the limits of this relative autonomy, which is something objectified in economic crises. Relevant data were gathered to determine how the concentration of financial investments in fictitious capital in a few markets was able to underpin its enormous and lasting development, even though this fictitious capital, by definition, does not generate surplus or new (labour) value. Furthermore, the analysis of net capital flows between developed and developing countries also demonstrates that the latter are net donors of capital. Therefore, it is possible to verify the relationship between the development of fictitious capital and the increase of inequality between countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Guillermo de Ockham is the property of Revista Cientifica Guillermo de Ockham, Universidad de San Buenaventura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pamukkale University Journal of Social Sciences Institute / Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi is the property of Pamukkale University, Social Sciences Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Ciências Sociais - Brazil is the property of Revista de Ciencias Socias do Universidade Federal do Ceara and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: The objective of the article is to present in a didactic and concise way the fundamental concepts of item response theory (IRT) and its possible application in the economic sciences and show the bias problem that occurred when estimating a latent variable such as financial capital in microentrepreneurs through IRT, assuming normal distribution in an unfounded a priori way. Research Design & Methods: We introduce a Bayesian hierarchical IRT model for graded responses where the latent traits have a skew normal distribution. Financial capital was measured by a survey applied to 384 microentrepreneurs from the metropolitan area of Bucaramanga (Colombia). The preliminary statistical analysis of data hints that the latent trait is not symmetric. Models that include a normal and a skew normal distribution were tested. Findings: We detected that assuming the distribution of the normal trait may overestimate the calculation of financial capital in microentrepreneurs, which would cause loans to be assigned without support. Implications & Recommendations: When applying IRT to economic matters such as in the measurement of financial capital, it is recommended to review the assumptions that this technique handles, especially the normality of the latent trait, since if assumed without verification or theoretical support can cause bias in parameters. Contribution & Value Added: An improvement is presented to the graded response model with normal distribution in IRT for the measurement of financial capital, paying special interest in providing a pedagogical explanation for a public related to economics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista HISTEDBR on-line is the property of Universidade Estadual de Campinas - Portal de Periodicos Eletronicos Cientificos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ensayos de Economia is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study provides novel insights into gender differences in small business outcomes. We analyze the first publicly available microdata from the 2007 US Census Bureau PUMS dataset, in a manner similar to (Fairlie and Robb's in Small Business Economics, 33, 375–395 2009) analysis of the 1992 CBO dataset, and explore differences in female-led versus male-led firms' business performances over a 15-year period. Findings indicate that gender differences persist and that female-led businesses continue to trail male-led businesses in survival rates, profits, employment (i.e., firm size), and sales. We also extend the work by (Fairlie and Robb in Small Business Economics, 33, 375–395 2009), by examining new performance and predictor measures, including payroll firm and longevity. We find that female-led businesses trail male-led businesses in these variables as well. However, the news is not all bad. Our findings also reveal that, although female-led businesses continue to trail male-led businesses in performance outcomes, both female- and male-led businesses are improving and in some cases performance improvements by female-led businesses are out-pacing their male-led counterparts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ever-changing structural and relational facets of immigrant entrepreneurial activities have created missing dominos in the literature and policy development in the USA. This article explores entrepreneurial activities among immigrant entrepreneurs with Turkish roots in the US ceramic and marble industry. R package for qualitative data analysis (RQDA) was used to analyze interview data obtained through a snowball sampling technique. Results reveal that (1) Turkish entrepreneurs migrated to the USA for several reasons; (2) factors such as entrepreneurial capital, intellectual capital, social capital, family capital, and financial capital emerge as key motivators for entrepreneurial activities; and (3) characteristics (i.e., personal attributes, psychological traits, and capital) and challenges faced by Turkish immigrant entrepreneurs are unveiled. In sum, this paper provides an integrative insight on important resources for Turkish immigrant entrepreneurs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Understanding the micro-start-up resources and its relationships with entrepreneurial orientation and performance is unique because it operates a business in a poor resource setting. However, poor resource settings of micro-start-up are not adequately examined into the literature in relation to entrepreneurial orientation and performance. Therefore, grounded on resource-based view, this paper aims to attempt to examine the relationships between resource capital, entrepreneurial orientation and performance in a developing country context. Design/methodology/approach: To establish this, the authors conducted a survey among 180 micro-entrepreneurs from Bangladesh and analyzed the data using the partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) approach. Findings: The results demonstrate the mediating role of entrepreneurial orientation on the relationship between human and financial resources and performance, while having partial mediating influence between social resource and performance, therefore indicating the importance of resources for determining business outcomes for micro-entrepreneurs. Research limitations/implications: These results extend theoretical explanations of micro-entrepreneurship within the poor resource setting context. The findings have implications for identifying micro-firms likely to succeed for the purpose of strategic allocation of resources and supports; they also provide future research avenues. Originality/value: To the best of the authors' knowledge, no previous study has established that entrepreneurial orientation plays a critical and mediating role between resource capital and micro-firm performance in a poor resource setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Secuencia: Revista de Historia y Ciencias Sociales is the property of Instituto de Investigaciones - Dr. Jose M. Luis Mora and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In response to the rising numbers of refugees worldwide, many aid organizations suggest entrepreneurship as a preferred route to refugee economic self-reliance in a new country. Incubators have long provided assistance to nascent entrepreneurs and are utilized worldwide to offer support to entrepreneurial businesses. Yet, little research examines refugee-focused incubators or considers refugee-specific constraints. Herein, we argue that refugee status has specific implications for how refugee entrepreneurs accumulate and deploy human, social and financial capital. Thus, refugee status affects the types of services transitioning refugees require from incubators. This paper considers refugee-specific resources and uses a case study approach to investigate resource provision in a refugee-focused incubator in the United States. We find that even when an incubator follows best practices in terms of service provision, it may still miss the mark in terms of meeting key resource needs of refugees. Specifically, this paper illuminates how refugee entrepreneurs need (more) incubator support in terms of (1) addressing mental health in service provision, (2) building community within the incubator and (3) balancing financial tradeoffs associated with culturally-based businesses. Findings are novel when tied to a resource-based lens and help build theory regarding entrepreneurship among less-served populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]