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Copyright of Düzce University Journal of Forestry / Düzce Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Ormancılık Dergisi is the property of Duzce University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Wood adhesive is very important to the quality of wood-based panels in the forest product industry. Researchers are currently focused on developing green and environmentally friendly adhesives using biomass materials. Soybean meal (SM), a cheap and high-protein byproduct from soybean processing, is considered a green biomaterial resource for adhesive production. In this study, SM was modified using urea and sodium hydroxide as denaturants, and two cross-linking agents were prepared to incorporate into the soybean meal adhesive for bonding reactions. Sodium hydroxide added to soybean protein caused structural damage to the protein structure, which allowed the peptide chains to unfold extensively, forming a low-molecular-weight peptide mixture with a good size distribution and exposing numerous active functional groups for cross-linking with the tannin–phenol–formaldehyde resin (TR) and wood. Adding the epoxy resin CA and TR enabled the cross-linking agents to react with the active functional groups on proteins, forming a cross-linked network structure. As a result, the adhesive's strength, residual rate, and solid content were improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to prevent the decline of Japanese agriculture, forestry, fishery, and food industries as well as to promote their sustainable development, it is essential to capture growing overseas markets through export promotion and overseas expansion efforts. In this presentation, I will explain the policies for facilitating the export of Japanese agricultural, forest, and fish products and food, with the aim of achieving the export value targets of 2 trillion yen in 2025 and 5 trillion yen in 2030. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Actualidad Jurídica Ambiental is the property of CIEMAT, through its Centro Internacional de Estudios de Derecho Ambiental (CIEDA) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Forest is one of the most essential types of resources providing beneficial material and environmental service. The forest of Sheka is threatened by unsustainable use and conversion to alternative land use. This study was conducted to identify the major collected and marketed forest products, quantify the total and relative forest product income generated by the gender of household head in Masha district, southwest Ethiopia. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected from primary and secondary data sources. Primary data were collected through focus group discussion, key informant interview and survey consisting of 156 household samples that were selected using multi-stage sampling techniques. Secondary data were collected from published, unpublished materials and annual reports of relevant government offices. Data were analyzed using SPSS and Stata software programs. Descriptive statistics like mean, frequency and percentage were determined. The result indicates that 17 major forest product are collected by households in the area. Forest product collection is one of the livelihood activity contributing on average of $1887.16 (44% of their total annual income) and $867.3 (32% of their total annual income) to male and female headed households, respectively. This proves that, in the study area, male headed households generate more income from forest products than female headed households. Household in the study area depend to a higher degree on income from forest product collection. Alternatives should be found to minimize extraction of woody forest products and minimize dependency of household on forest income. Government should assess the impact of licensed investment project on environment and local community and take corrective action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Forest Research / Pesquisa Florestal Brasileira is the property of Brazilian Journal of Forest Research / Pesquisa Florestal Brasileira and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Düzce University Journal of Forestry / Düzce Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Ormancılık Dergisi is the property of Duzce University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The study includes the analysis of cultural, commercial, and safety factors that affect the potential of the trade of the red sour pitaya (Stenocereus gummosus), as well as its characterization, consumer patterns, consumption channels, and the relevance, identity, and cultural value of the fruit in the Municipality of La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico. The investigation has the objective of understanding the perception of the product in local knowledge, which is identified in the study area, where the wild fruit takes an added value in informal commercialization and is amalgamated with the local culture. For the analysis and data collection, a simple random sampling was conducted, on 227 economically active people with purchasing power. The method of applying the instrument was digital, limiting face-to-face contact with people due to the current Covid 19 pandemic. The exercise characterizes a population with mostly university studies, which consumes the product in a traditional way, which reflected a greater appreciation of the pitaya fruit, by older people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work analyzes the effect of forest on the economy of Central African Republic, using the data from secondary source within the period of 1970-2015. The study employed error correction model (ECM) as econometric methodology to estimate the cointegration relationship among economic growth, agriculture value added, forest rent (in percentage of GDP) and forest product variables (logs, roundwood, wood fuel and sawnwood), it also estimates long run and short run relationship between variables. Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) unit root test were employed. The result shows that forests play an important role in the world's economy; they support both the economic growth and the ecosystem protection. The co-integration relationship result (using Engel-Granger) shows economic growth forest products variables (logs, roundwood, wood fuel and sawnwood) and other variables included in the model were co-integrated and therefore long run relationship exist among them. Testing the short run relationship shows the existence of short run relation between variables. The long run model shows logs production which the main exportable wood product in CAR having a positive and significant effect on the economy but we noticed that the affectation percentage is to low (0.08% change to GDP). This is due to the lack of control or traceability of the product and the luck of strong institutions (corruption) in the forestry sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wooden housing is one of the most sustainable building alternatives. In many European and North American countries, wooden houses provide the most common, economical, and practical solution for construction. The timber buildings present adequate levels of durability, acoustics, and thermal comforts. Despite their popularity, wood houses do not have a standardized classification to define and organize their main aspects. In literature dealing with timber construction, most authors emphasize structural systems for large spans (bridges, hangars, roofs, etc.). The presence of some classifications of timber construction results in unclear issues, and few studies have covered and regarded wooden buildings as residential construction typologies. Accordingly, this paper proposes a classification that connects the aspects and details of wooden housing materials in relation to the industrialization level and chronological origin. We expect this classification to assist in a better understanding of distinct wooden housing techniques commercially produced worldwide, diffusing their concepts and possibilities as forestry-timber products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several North American walnut species (Juglans spp.) are threatened by thousand cankers disease which is caused by the walnut twig beetle (Pityophthorus juglandis Blackman) and its associated fungal plant pathogen, Geosmithia morbida M. Kolarík, E. Freeland, C. Utley and N. Tisserat sp. nov. Spread of this disease may occur via movement of infested black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) wood. This study evaluated the ability of P. juglandis to colonize J. nigra wood previously treated with various phytosanitation methods. Steam-heated and methyl bromide-fumigated J. nigra logs, as well as kiln-dried natural wane J. nigra lumber (with and without bark) were subsequently exposed to P. juglandis colonization pressure in two exposure scenarios. Following a pheromone- mediated, high-pressure scenario in the canopy of infested trees, beetles readily colonized the bark of steam-heated and methyl bromide-fumigated logs, and were also recovered from kiln-dried lumber on which a thin strip of bark was retained. In the simulated lumberyard exposure experiment, during which samples were exposed to lower P. juglandis populations, beetles were again recovered from bark-on steam-heated logs, but were not recovered from kiln-dried bark-on lumber. These data suggest logs and bark-on lumber treated with phytosanitation methods should not be subsequently exposed to P. juglandis populations. Further beetle exclusion efforts for phytosanitized, bark-on walnut wood products transported out of quarantined areas may be necessary to ensure that these products do not serve as a pathway for the spread of P. juglandis and thousand cankers disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forests play an important role in the community’s livelihood, and this role has created an important relationship or mutual dependence between the forest and the community. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify the types of community’s forest dependency and to identify the effects of community’s forest dependency towards forest resources and wildlife abundance. The data were collected using the self-administered questionnaire, involving 204 community members in Bau District, Sarawak. The results show that the common types of forest dependency are private land ownership, land area of less than 10 acres, less than 50 meters of house distance to forest, land utilization for house site and agriculture purposes, and estimated income and expenditure of less than RM 1000. The land use–paddy field, forest resources–handicraft and forest resources–water source significantly predict the abundance of forest cover. The land use–house site, house distance to forest and forest resources–hunting significantly predict the wildlife abundance. The forest resources–house material and forest resources–water source significantly predict the water source quality. The community’s forest dependency needs to be revisited to further understand the community’s needs and how this dependency can be made more sustainable, while less destructing the forest. Hence, a sustainable framework involving all stakeholders is needed to manage the community’s forest dependency. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Based on the features of the forest products trading information, a compound keywords vector space model was utilized to represent the user interest model of the forest products trading information website. Every compound keyword in the vector space consists of three keywords, which are supply and demand classification, the name of the forest product and the production place, and some information about the specifications, price and the company name of the forest products. Every compound keyword has a user interest value. The learning and updating of the user interest model were reaiized through the browsing, registering and releasing behaviors of the users and introducing the forgetting factors for the interest values, respectively. The perssstent interests and the temporary interests of the users were distinguished by introducing a temporary interests group. Finally, the recommendation algorithms based on the contents itering were proposed based on our user interest model, and its advantage was demonstrated by comparison experiments [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wood-based industry is one of the main drivers of economic growth in Malaysia. Forest being the source of various lignocellulosic materials has many untapped potentials that could be exploited to produce sustainable and biodegradable nanosized material that possesses very interesting features for use in wood-based industry itself or across many different application fields. Wood-based products sector could also utilise various readily available nanomaterials to enhance the performance of existing products or to create new value added products from the forest. This review highlights recent developments in nanotechnology application in the wood-based products industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Western Siberia's forests cover nearly 75 million hectares and contain roughly 10 percent of the world's growing stock of nontropical wood fiber; more than half of these forests are undeveloped old-growth. The development of oil, gas, and other mineral resources and an inefficient forest economy pose a significant threat to the sustainabilityof these ecosystems, and climatic factors limit forest productivity.But with improvements in forest management, resource protection, andinvestments in the wood industry, Western Siberia can make a significant contribution to global carbon sequestration and industrial wood supply in this new century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China's forestry and forest products industries are undergoing important transitions caused by recent efforts to protect national forestsand an increased awareness of environmental problems in the country.The impact of the Natural Forest Protection Program's logging ban and China's entry into the World Trade Organization has yet to be fullyrealized. However, due to the potential size of China's forest products markets, it is appropriate to examine the potential for domestic supply and for forest products exporters to expand their market penetration in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

America's huge pulp and paper industry expanded into the South in the 1930's and 1940's, taking advantage of the forests that covered nearly half of the region from Florida to eastern Texas. The value of forest products came to exceed all other agriculture products. This industry's success and growth depended largely upon the social structure of the South. In Alabama, each pulp and paper mill employed between five and twenty dealers who contracted with between five and fifty producers who, equipped with a saw and a truck, harvested and delivered the wood. During the 1940's and 1950's there were large numbers of agriculture workers willing to cut pulpwood. Those cutting the wood worked directly with the dealers who bought as much pulp as the mill needed at the time. As the demand soared and high-volume producers met it, small producers were being squeezed out of the market by the early 1990's.

The study deals with the biomass production and allocation in young (6 months to 4 years old) Robinia pseudoacacia L. plants. The height,basal girth and dry weight of each component of the plant increased with age. The allocation of current annual dry matter increment amongdifferent components also varied with age. Satisfactory allometric equations relating to biomass of different components with basal girth(Bg) and squared basal diameter x height (bd2h) were developed. The intercomponent biomass relationships were also highly significant and the resulting allometric equations carried smaller error than the equation using Bg as the independent variable. The mean annual increment has increased with age and did not equal current annual increment, indicating the individuals have not attained maturity. Number of root nodules per tree were significantly related to corresponding tree biomass and age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]