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A Consensus of Psychoimmunology Experts (Pollak et al., 2019) established a set of red flags and proposed diagnostic criteria for psychosis of autoimmune origin (AIP). Previous studies on AIP are limited by the scarcity of CSF analysis, preventing the valorization of blood anti-neuronal antibodies (Ab). The aims of this study are to determine the relative frequency and characterize AIP in a cohort of psychotic patients that underwent CSF workup. This work is a retrospective study in a tertiary psychiatric hospital. Clinical and paraclinical data were collected from medical records, and patients were classified according to Pollak et al. (2019) criteria. From 68 patients, ten (14.7%) had positive anti-neuronal antibodies (Ab): n = 5 in CSF and blood (n = 4 anti-NMDAr, n = 1 -GAD65), and n = 5 in blood only (n = 1 anti-GABAb, n = 1 -GAD65, n = 1 -SOX1, n = 1 -NMDAr, n = 1 -zic4). After 5- (2–10)-year follow-up, n = 6/68 (8.8%) had AIP diagnosis in context of autoimmune encephalitis (AE), and the remaining (n = 4/10, blood-only Ab) alternative diagnoses (n = 2 dementia, n = 1 schizophrenia, n = 1 intellectual disability). Ten of the 13 patients that fulfilled criteria for possible AIP were mimics, and only three AE had criteria for probable AIP. All AIP developed neurological manifestations (mostly cognitive dysfunction); EEG was usually abnormal (66.7%), and all had normal MRI. We found statistically significant associations between AIP/AE and systemic autoimmune disease, presentation with seizures and EEG abnormalities. All AE developed neurological symptoms alongside psychosis. Ab positivity occurred predominantly in AE but also in other neuropsychiatric disorders. Clinical suspicion based on the knowledge of the described presentations of established Ab is crucial in the psychotic patient approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic inflammatory immune-mediated disease of the central nervous system (CNS), is a common condition in young adults, but it can also affect children. The aim of this study was to construct radiomic models of lesions based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI, T2- weighted-Fluid-Attenuated Inversion Recovery), to understand the correlation between extracted radiomic features, brain and lesion volumetry, demographic, clinical and laboratorial data. Methods: The neuroimaging data extracted from eleven scans of pediatric MS patients were analyzed. A total of 60 radiomic features based on MR T2-FLAIR images were extracted and used to calculate gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM). The principal component analysis and ROC analysis were performed to select the radiomic features, respectively. The realized classification task by the logistic regression models was performed according to these radiomic features. Results: Ten most relevant features were selected from data extracted. The logistic regression applied to T2-FLAIR radiomic features revealed significant predictor for multiple sclerosis (MS) lesion detection. Only the variable "contrast" was statistically significant, indicating that only this variable played a significant role in the model. This approach enhances the classification of lesions from normal tissue. Discussion and conclusion: Our exploratory results suggest that the radiomic models based on MR imaging (T2-FLAIR) may have a potential contribution to characterization of brain tissues and classification of lesions in pediatric MS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There is no consensus about the etiology of schizophrenia (SQZ) and bipolar disorder (BD). Both hereditary and environmental factors are recognized, but the importance of variables like the role of parental attachment and trauma is still under research. Aims: Evaluate and compare the patient-parent bonding and the frequency and severity of various types of trauma in patients with SQZ, BD, and a control group from Primary Health Care. Method: This study included 50 patients with SQZ and 50 with BD followed at a psychiatric hospital, through a convenience sample. Each participant of the clinical sample was paired with a control with no psychiatric background of the same gender and similar age, from a primary health center. Two scales were applied – Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) and Childhood Trauma Questionnaire – Short Form (CTQ-SF). Results: Regarding PBI, there was a higher frequency of the most dysfunctional attachment style (affectionless control), in patients with SQZ and BD, with p <.001 (always), both for the father and the mother. In addition, ideal parenting style (optimal parenting) was significantly more common in control samples, with p =.002 or <.001, both for the father and for the mother. Trauma was more frequent and severe in SQZ and BD than controls, in all evaluated dimensions. Again, differences between groups are obvious, with p =.012 or <.001. Parental bonding style and scores in the care and overprotection dimensions were also correlated. The only parental bonding style in which correlations were found was in affectionless control. Correlations were more common in cases of neglect compared to abuse. Conclusions: In this research we found important differences in terms of parental attachment and childhood trauma between patients with SQZ and BD, compared with controls of the same gender and age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic increased morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly in the Kidney and Kidney-Pancreas Transplant Recipient (KTR/KPTR) population. Aiming at assessing the absolute and relative excess mortality (EM) in a Portuguese KTR/KPTR cohort, we conducted a retrospective observational study of two KTR/KPTRs cohorts: cohort 1 (P1; n = 2,179) between September/2012 and March/2020; cohort 2 (P2; n = 2067) between March/2020, and August/2022. A correlation between relative and absolute EM and age, sex, time from transplantation and cause of death was explored. A total of 145 and 84 deaths by all causes were observed in P1 and P2, respectively. The absolute EM in P2 versus P1 was 19.2 deaths (observed/expected mortality ratio 1.30, p = 0.006), and the relative EM was 1.47/1,000 person-months (95% CI 1.11-1.93, p = 0.006). Compared to the same period in the general population, the standardized mortality rate by age in P2 was 3.86 (95% CI 2.40-5.31), with a peak at 9.00 (95% CI 4.84-13.16) in P2C. The higher EM identified in this population was associated, mainly, with COVID-19 infection, with much higher values during the second seasonal COVID-19 peak when compared to the general population, despite generalized vaccination. These highlight the need for further preventive measures and improved therapies in these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Arquivos de Ciências da Saúde da UNIPAR is the property of Associacao Paranaense de Ensino e Cultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the Anthropocene, dunes act as a natural defence from sea-level rise and storm surges while providing 'ecosystem' services. This article uses scientific and historical data to examine the Manawatū-Whanganui dune field in New Zealand from the nineteenth to the twenty-first century. Dunes that were destabilised due to European settlements and their activities were drifting inland causing social, economic and political problems. Attempts to prevent dune mobility occurred at the time in many parts of the world. Thus, knowledge was shared between countries through experts and migrants. The consequences of the implemented solutions and new environmental conditions mean that dunes are still a major issue in the region. A comparative analysis of historical and present-day dune management practices provides a better understanding of long-term dune drift. In conclusion, interdisciplinary analyses of long-term relations between dunes and society must be taken into account for their holistic management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Transplantation is the property of Brazilian Journal of Transplantation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant disease across the globe but children seem to be much less affected than adults. Coincidentally with the first wave of the pandemic, a cluster of children with fever, hyperinflammation and shock were identified, and this was first described as paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 (PIMS-TS) by the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health. Patients with this novel condition were transferred to tertiary centres for management, increasing the pressure in these hospitals that were already extremely busy. There are multiple challenges related to the identification of patients presenting with PIMS-TS given that they mimic multiple other well-known paediatric conditions, like Kawasaki disease and toxic shock syndrome. Investigations and admission criteria to a district general hospital (DGH) need to be well established, and clear guidance should be available for easy decision making in a busy paediatric emergency department. Furthermore, these children can deteriorate suddenly and rapidly; close monitoring is vital, and any deterioration must be taken seriously and addressed immediately. All children who present severely ill, with shock and multiorgan failure, should be retrieved to a paediatric intensive care unit. As our knowledge of the condition has developed, more patients are now managed in a DGH, with virtual multidisciplinary team involvement. This paper outlines a structured approach to management of children presenting with suspected PIMS-TS in a DGH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While an image may be worth a thousand words, a meme can be worth much more. From politics to videos, games to social media, memes are an integral part of today's online communication and content production in the paradigm of participation culture that is prevalent on the internet and in society. By looking at memes as a socially constructed and intertextual discourse which represents different voices, perspectives, and creative insights, these cultural units are also a reflection of how cybercommunities think about, circulate, and imbue content with meaning in their everyday lives. Among many varieties of meme categories, music plays an important role in the production and consolidation of this online dimension, especially on YouTube and other social media. From rock to classical music, most music genres are featured either in static or audiovisual memes, except for one (large) period of music that is commonly referred to as 'modern' music. Despite niche and specialised meme pages, groups and forums related to contemporary music, this broad category is quite overlooked by YouTube compilations, social media featuring classical music, and other online spaces, thus mixing and confusing repertoires and stereotypes. With recurrent tropes regarding gender, power, and aesthetics that can be found either in pages dedicated to western contemporary art music and on other generalised platforms labelling it as 'ugly', 'male' or 'white', this paper aims to examine how the musical dimension affects the production of music memes and related online content, thus analysing its role in popular culture today and how cybercommunities—with or without audiovisual literacy—relate to and spread this (musical) phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Livestock & Animal Research is the property of Sebelas Maret University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Adrenal insufficiency (AI) is a life-threatening condition caused by an impaired secretion of the adrenal glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid hormones. It comprises a heterogeneous group of primary, secondary and acquired disorders. Presentation differs according to the child's age, but it usually presents with nonspecific and insidious symptoms and signs. The main purpose of this study was to describe and compare patients with primary or secondary AI. Retrospective analysis of all patients with adrenal insufficiency followed at the Pediatric Endocrinology Unit in a tertiary care Portuguese hospital over the last 30 years. Data on family history, age at the first manifestation and at etiological diagnosis, and clinical presentation (symptoms, signs and laboratory evaluation) was gathered for all patients. Twenty-eight patients with AI were included; 67.9% were male, with a median (25th–75th percentile, P25–P75) age of 1 (0.5–36) month at the first presentation. The principal diagnostic categories were panhypopituitarism (42.9%) and congenital adrenal hyperplasia (25%). The most frequent manifestations (75%) were vomiting and weight loss. They were followed for a median (P25–P75) period of 3.5 (0.6–15.5) years. In respect to neurodevelopmental delay and learning difficulties, they were more common in the secondary AI group. Despite medical advances, the diagnosis and management of AI remains a challenge, particularly in the pediatric population, and clinicians must have a high index of suspicion. An early identification of AI can prevent a potential lethal outcome, which may result from severe cardiovascular and hemodynamic instability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a case study of a full-term first-born girl with congenital dislocation of the knee (CDK), a rare condition occurring in 1/100,000 live births, which, in this case, spontaneously resolved without the need for intervention. Topics discussed include the rarity and clinical variability of CDK, potential associated factors, and the favorable prognosis with early diagnosis and appropriate management, as exemplified by the described case.

Pituitary apoplexy is a rare complication of Cushing's disease (CD), especially in the paediatric age and even more rarely it can occur following anterior pituitary stimulation tests. We report a case of a 14-year-old girl who was admitted to our Hospital for evaluation of a possible Cushing's syndrome (CS). Her symptoms and initial laboratory tests were suggestive of CD. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a microadenoma of the pituitary gland. As part of her evaluation she was submitted to a corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) stimulation test. Two and a half months later the patient was re-evaluated and presented with both clinical improvement of CS, biochemical resolution of hypercortisolism and tumour size reduction in the MRI, also evidencing a haemorrhagic component favouring the diagnosis of pituitary apoplexy after CRH stimulation test. The patient denied any episodes of severe headache, nausea, vomiting or visual changes. To our knowledge, the authors report the first case of a pituitary apoplexy after a CRH stimulation test in the paediatric age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peritoneal dialysis (PD)-related peritonitis is a frequent complication. PD units should be aware of all possible pathogens and share their experience about prevention and optimal management. Uncommon bacteria, a special group with crescent incidence in PD practice, may require singular considerations. A case of peritonitis due to Ewingella americana, a rare human pathogen, is reported, with a favorable outcome. To date, only three other cases have been described in the literature. New evidence is necessary for a better understanding of this pathogen and its consequences in PD modality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fetal goiter is a rare disorder not expected to be found during a healthy woman's pregnancy. It can be a prenatal manifestation of congenital hypothyroidism due to thyroid dyshormonogenesis and it can lead to serious perinatal complications. A vascularized fetal neck mass was detected at 29 weeks' gestation of a healthy primigravida. Magnetic resonance was suggestive of goiter causing airway deviation without polyhydramnios. Maternal thyroid function was normal and thyroid antibodies were negative. Two intra-amniotic levothyroxine infusions were performed at 32 and 33 weeks. Serial imaging control showed no progression of the mass. Elective caesarean section was performed at 38 weeks. The male newborn was admitted to the intensive care unit due to cardiorespiratory insufficiency with pulmonary hypertension. Hormonal assays revealed primary congenital hypothyroidism and ultrasonography confirmed diffuse goiter. Levothyroxine was started. Currently, he is 6 years old with adequate growth and normal psychomotor development. Genetic study found a heterozygous mutation in the TPO gene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The most significant advance in our time about limb lengthening is the magnetic lengthening nail, as the first reports appeared to show good results with accurate lengthening rates and good regenerate bone formation. The described complication rate is generally low. They avoid external fixation elements, and are activated transcutaneously, so the patient’s pain and discomfort are reduced and the rehabilitation is faster and more effective. The aim of authors is to describe a special technical issue of the PRECICE system: the nail can be extended inside the patient limb (after the osteotomy), but it also can be retracted inside the limb after achieving the bone union.Methods: The authors present a case in which the limb lengthening has been performed in consecutive lengthening periods using the same nail. The nail was extended and retracted by altering the settings on the external remote control as well as accurately setting the rate of distraction.Results: After two consecutive femoral lengthening with the same PRECICE nail, the patient no longer has a significant lower limb length discrepancy and patient satisfaction was high. During this clinical case, we were not confronted with any type of complications.Conclusion: This technique utilizes the principles and advantages of lengthening over an magnetic lengthening nail, avoids the necessity of nail removal and minimizes the complication rates and the overall time for complete recovery.Level of evidence: Level IV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The village of Furadouro, on the north-western coast of Portugal, is emblematic of current problems of coastal management. The purpose of this article is to analyse the interaction between human communities and the coast in Furadouro, in order to understand how practices and arrangements have contributed to potentiate coastal erosion effects in the last century. The conceptual tools of 'socio-natural sites'; 'co-evolution'; and 'socio-natural sites as nexus of practices and arrangements' guide this investigation. The methodology adopted is socio-ecological long-term research. Data used comes mainly from primary historical sources (church registers, minutes of local authorities' meetings and newspapers) and secondary literature (local writers and monographs). Historical information was cross-referenced with geomorphological data to allow for a more global approach to the coastal erosion phenomenon. The analysis of the evolution of Furadouro shows that human activities determined the increase of coastal erosion problems, not only by contributing to the decrease of sand on the beach, but also by destroying its natural protection structures -- the dunes. The reconstruction of past coastal landscapes and human intervention gives us a better understanding of the complex and intertwined history of this socio-ecological site, also offering a model of analysis and interpretation that can be applied to other cases around the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has long been appreciated that material chemistry and topology profoundly affect cell adhesion and migration. Here, aqueous poly( N-isopropyl acrylamide) nanogels are designed, synthesized and printed in form of colloidal arrays on glass substrates using wrinkled polydimethylsiloxane templates. Using low-temperature plasma treatment, nanogels are chemically grafted onto glass supports thus leading to highly stable nanogel layers in cell culture media. Liquid cell atomic force microscopy investigations show that surface-grafted nanogels retain their swelling behavior in aqueous media and that extracellular matrix protein coating do not alter their stability and topography. It is demonstrated that surface-grafted nanogels could serve as novel substrates for the analysis of cell adhesion and migration. Nanogels influence size, speed, and dynamics of focal adhesions and cell motility forcing cells to move along highly directional trajectories. Moreover, modulation of nanogel state or spacing serves as an effective tool for regulation of cell motility. It is suggested that nanogel arrays deposited on solid surfaces could be used to provide a precise and tunable system to understand and control cell migration. Additionally, such nanogel arrays will contribute to the development of implantable systems aimed at supporting and enhancing cell migration during, for instance, wound healing and tissue regeneration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the past decades, obesity and associated metabolic complications have reached epidemic proportions. For the study of these pathologies, a number of animal models have been developed. However, a direct comparison between Wistar and Sprague-Dawley (SD) Rat as models of high-fat (HF) diet-induced obesity has not been adequately evaluated so far. Wistar and SD rats were assigned for 2 experimental groups for 17 weeks: standard (St) and high-fat (HF) diet groups. To assess some of the features of the metabolic syndrome, oral glucose tolerance tests, systolic blood pressure measurements and blood biochemical analysis were performed throughout the study. The gut microbiota composition of the animals of each group was evaluated at the end of the study by real-time PCR. HF diet increased weight gain, body fat mass, mesenteric adipocyte's size, adiponectin and leptin plasma levels and decreased oral glucose tolerance in both Wistar and SD rats. However, the majority of these effects were more pronounced or earlier detected in Wistar rats. The gut microbiota of SD rats was less abundant in Bacteroides and Prevotella but richer in Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus comparatively to the gut microbiota of Wistar rats. Nevertheless, the modulation of the gut microbiota by HF diet was similar in both strains, except for Clostridium leptum that was only reduced in Wistar rats fed with HF diet. In conclusion, both Wistar and SD Rat can be used as models of HF diet-induced obesity although the metabolic effects caused by HF diet seemed to be more pronounced in Wistar Rat. Differences in the gut microbial ecology may account for the worsened metabolic scenario observed in Wistar Rat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Freitas, J.G., and Dias, J.A., 2013. 1941 windstorm effects on the Portuguese Coast. What lessons for the future? On February 15, 1941, the Iberian Peninsula was struck by a devastating windstorm. Human and material losses were significant. Coastal areas were among the most affected. Storm surge caused by strong wind and low atmospheric pressures favoured overwash occurrence. Unlike other past catastrophic events, there is abundant information on the 1941 windstorm. Historical sources - newspapers, survivor's testimonies and official institutions reports - allowed us to realize its impact on territory and on populations. Until today 1941 phenomenon is still the biggest known storm. However, what happened then is almost forgotten. But, it can happen again. Sesimbra and Ria Formosa coastal areas are excellent case studies to understand what happened on the windstorm day and to discuss what could happen if an event like this reaches those regions again. The analysed data lead to the conclusion that the consequences would be even more devastating. First, because the current urbanization level is much higher. Second, Sesimbra and Ria Formosa are as vulnerable (or even more) to extreme events as they were in 1941. Third, its inhabitants have no 'risk memory' and therefore have no concept of the danger inherent to seashore occupation. Preserving the memory of such events can be a way of preparing people for new disasters and to get authorities to take concrete measures to mitigate their effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Both increased anteversion and retroversion of the acetabulum can lead to clinical problems. Although computed tomography (CT) is the gold standard in acetabular version imaging, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is becoming increasingly popular. We conducted this retrospective study to answer the following questions: 1) can the bony landmarks necessary to outline and measure acetabular version on MRI be consistently and reproducibly identified; 2) are soft-tissue (labral) landmarks comparable to bony landmarks for the measurement of acetabular version? Methods: Twenty-nine MRI torsional profile examinations were studied. A total of 232 readings (116 each for right and left sided acetabulae) were involved. Acetabular anteversion angle (AAA) was measured using two different methods (i.e. bony acetabulum landmarks and labrum), by two investigators, at two separate times. Results: Mean age was 13 years, 8 months with a range of 14 years. There were 12 male patients and 17 female. It was possible to consistently identify bony and labral landmarks in all MR images. AAA measurements using both methods were consistent and reproducible. When comparing the two methods to each other we found them to be in excellent agreement with an ICC of 0.943 (95% confidence interval, 0.927 to 0.956), 37% of all readings were in perfect agreement and 97% were within 5 degrees. The mean difference in measurement between methods was 1.34 degrees. Conclusion: Measurement of acetabular version using MRI remains consistent independent of the method used (bone versus labrum). MRI can provide adequate information for calculating acetabular version. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Assessment of lower extremity (LE) torsional profile using computed tomography (CT) imaging is a well-recognized imaging method that supplements the clinical examination. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is another advanced imaging modality that can be used as an alternative, since there are many growing concerns of radiation exposure with traditional CT studies, particularly in the skeletally immature population. Methods: Sixty-two patients between the ages of 7 and 19 years were included. Thirty-four had CT and 28 had MRI for assessment of LE torsional profile. All patients had clinical evidence of torsional malalignment. CT and MR images were randomized and de-identified. Two observers measured femoral anteversion and tibial torsion based on previously published methodologies. This exercise was repeated 2 weeks later and the data were tabulated and statistical analysis was performed. Radiation exposure for the patients studied by CT was estimated. Results: The mean age of the patients was 14.4 years (range 9.5-18.9 years) and 13.8 years (range 7.3-18.9 years) for the CT and MRI groups, respectively. Inter-observer reliability for both CT and MRI studies were excellent. The intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) for femoral anteversion and tibial torsion studied by CT and MRI for both observers at both times were excellent. The radiation exposure for CT examination averaged 0.3-0.5 mSv, compared to none with the MRI method. Conclusions: MRI provides a reproducible method for assessing the torsional profile in children and adolescents using similar anatomic landmarks for measurements as those used on CT torsional profile. In circumstances where MRI methods are readily available (and affordable), the CT torsional profile can be replaced with MRI methods, in the current era of growing concerns of radiation hazards and increasing awareness about radiation safety. Level of evidence: Diagnostic Level III. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cover page of the journal "Advanced Materials Interfaces" is presented.

Background: The EOS technique represents a unique imaging modality combining low radiation exposure with high image quality. As its applications for pelvic imaging may increase with time, we performed a pilot study to evaluate the validity and reliability of this technique for the assessment of gross pelvic and acetabular morphology.Methods: Consecutive conventional and EOS radiographs of a human cadaveric pelvis were made in 5° intervals of sagittal tilt and axial rotation (range, -15° to 15° for each). Six measurements were made on each image: (1) the vertical distance between the sacrococcygeal joint and the upper border of the pubic symphysis, (2) the horizontal distance between the midpoints of these structures, (3) the distance between the anterior superior iliac spines, (4) the distance between the facets of S1, (5) the Sharp angle, and (6) the Tönnis angle. Coxa profunda and crossover signs were also evaluated. The findings of the two imaging techniques were correlated with each other and with true linear measurements made on the cadaveric pelvis. All measurements were performed by two independent observers, and one observer repeated all measurements to assess reproducibility. Both observers were blinded to the true linear measurements made on the pelvis.Results: There was a strong correlation between the results of the conventional and EOS radiography (Pearson correlation coefficient, 0.644 to 0.998), and both modalities had high intraobserver and interobserver reproducibility (intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.795 to 1.000). Intraobserver and interobserver agreement on the presence of coxa profunda were both 100%. Intraobserver agreement (96.2%) and interobserver agreement (92.3%) on the presence of the crossover sign were marginally lower. Linear measurements differed significantly between the two modalities because of distortion caused by magnification effects in the conventional radiographic imaging (p < 0.05).Conclusions: The EOS imaging technique proved reliable for the assessment of gross pelvic and acetabular morphology, and it may be an alternative to current radiography for primary imaging in the pediatric population and potentially in adults as well. This study did not evaluate the ability of EOS imaging to detect subtle radiographic anatomic abnormalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The EOS technique represents a unique imaging modality combining low radiation exposure with high image quality. As its applications for pelvic imaging may increase with time, we performed a pilot study to evaluate the validity and reliability of this technique for the assessment of gross pelvic and acetabular morphology. Methods: Consecutive conventional and EOS radiographs of a human cadaveric pelvis were made in 5° intervals of sagittal tilt and axial rotation (range, -15° to 15° for each). Six measurements were made on each image: (1) the vertical distance between the sacrococcygeal joint and the upper border of the pubic symphysis, (2) the horizontal distance between the midpoints of these structures, (3) the distance between the anterior superior iliac spines, (4) the distance between the facets of SI, (5) the Sharp angle, and (6) the Tonnis angle. Coxa profunda and crossover signs were also evaluated. The findings of the two imaging techniques were correlated with each other and with true linear measurements made on the cadaveric pelvis. All measurements were performed by two independent observers, and one observer repeated all measurements to assess reproducibility. Both observers were blinded to the true linear measurements made on the pelvis. Results: There was a strong correlation between the results of the conventional and EOS radiography (Pearson cor relation coefficient, 0.644 to 0.998), and both modalities had high intraobserver and interobserver reproducibility (in-traclass correlation coefficient, 0.795 to 1.000). Intraobserver and interobserver agreement on the presence of coxa profunda were both 100%. Intraobserver agreement (96.2%) and interobserver agreement (92.3%) on the presence of the crossover sign were marginally lower. Linear measurements differed significantly between the two modalities be cause of distortion caused by magnification effects in the conventional radiographic imaging (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The EOS imaging technique proved reliable for the assessment of gross pelvic and acetabular morphology, and it may be an alternative to current radiography for primary imaging in the pediatric population and potentially in adults as well. This study did not evaluate the ability of EOS imaging to detect subtle radiographic anatomic abnormalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]