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Background: High psychological resilience (HR) could protect individuals from psychosocial stress and thereby make individuals less vulnerable to depression and anxiety; however, the underlying neural mechanism remains to be investigated. Methods: The Montreal Imaging Stress Task (MIST) was administered to participants of 59 healthy individuals with HR and 56 individuals with low psychological resilience (LR) during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning. Cortisol concentrations and subjective stress levels were collected across the MIST. Repeated measures analyses of variance were conducted to measure the group differences in subjective and cortisol stress responses. Two‐sample t‐tests were conducted to detect the group differences in stress‐related brain activation and functional connectivity (FC). Results: The LR group exhibited an increase in cortisol concentration after the MIST, whereas the HR group exhibited a decrease in cortisol concentration after the MIST. The LR group exhibited higher activation in the left anterior insula and lower FC between the left orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and the right temporal pole (TP) (all pFWE < 0.05). Mediation analyses revealed that the left anterior insula mediates the relationship between psychological resilience and depression and the left OFC–right TP FC mediates the relationship between psychological resilience and anxiety. Conclusions: Findings highlight that the anterior insula and OFC–TP FC could be the critical neural mechanism underlying the interaction between psychological resilience and psychosocial stress. Moreover, higher anterior insula activation and lower OFC–TP FC could be the crucial neural mechanism of individuals with low psychological resilience developing into depression/anxiety when experiencing daily psychosocial stressors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corn silk (Zea mays L.) is the stigma of an annual gramineous plant named corn, which is distributed in many regions worldwide and has a long history of medicinal use. In recent years, with the sustainable development of traditional Chinese medicine, studies of corn silk based on modern technologies, such as GC–MS, LC–MS, and other analytical means, have offered more comprehensive analyses. Phytochemistry studies have shown that the main bioactive components in corn silk include flavonoids, polyphenols, phenolic acids, fatty acids, and terpenoids. Pharmacological studies have shown that corn silk extract has various pharmacological effects, such as reducing blood lipids, lowering blood pressure, regulating blood sugar levels, anti-inflammatory effects, and anti-oxidation effects. In this paper, the related research on corn silk from the past few years is summarized to provide a theoretical reference for the further development and utilization of corn silk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flavonoid‐C‐glycosides with various pharmacological actions were abundant in corn silk, and fragmentation in mass spectra of flavonoid‐C‐glycosides compounds was particularly important. This paper aimed to supervise the fragmentation patterns of flavonoid‐C‐glycosides in the enriched flavonoids from corn silk by high‐efficiency ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography combined with a quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry approach. Therefore, the flavonoids were extracted by heating reflux and then purified based on D101 macroporous resin. Thirty‐five flavonoids were triumphantly identified in the purified product. Among them, 14 were flavonoid‐C‐glycosides, seven of them owned luteolin mother nuclei (luteolin‐C‐glycosides) and seven of them owned apigenin mother nuclei (apigenin‐C‐glycosides). Importantly, the diagnostic product ions of luteolin‐C‐glycosides including m/z (431, 413, 395, 369, 367, 313, and 299) and m/z (429, 411, 393, 367, 365, 311, and 297), and the characteristic product ions of apigenin‐C‐glycosides covered m/z (353, 339, and 299) and m/z (339, 327, and 309). In addition, diagnostic H2O neutral loss and glycosyl craking were familiar, and the difference values among product ions mainly contained 40, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, and 120 Da. Thus, the fragmentations of luteolin‐C‐glycosides and apigenin‐C‐glycosides identified in corn silk were with proper regularity. The obtained fragmentation patterns provided rapid recognition and meaningful guidance for the purification study of flavonoid‐C‐glycosides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. var. mongholicus (Bge.) P. K. Hsiao (MO) and Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bug. (ME) are two primary sources of the Astragalus herb, also known as "Huangqi" in China, which is widely applied to treat hypertension, glomerulonephritis, ischemic heart disease, and diabetes mellitus. As two different sources of the Astragalus herb, the chemical profiles of MO and ME may be different. Previous studies showed abundant differences in chemical composition between MO and ME. Therefore, the by-products of MO and ME, such as Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. var. mongholicus (Bge.) P. K. Hsiao flower (MOF) and Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bug. flower (MEF), may have different phytochemical profiles. In this paper, a metabolomics method combined with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography and electrospray ionization/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC−Q−TOF−MS/MS) was employed to analyze the components of MOF and MEF. Consequently, the results of principal component analysis (PCA) showed that MOF and MEF could be separated clearly. In total, 31 chemical markers differentiating MOF and MEF were successfully identified, including 22 flavonoids, 8 isoflavones and 1 benzopyran. Among them, the contents of 18 components, including Calycosin, Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, Quercetin, Rutin, Kaempferol, Formononetin, Isomucronulatol and Prim-O-glucosylcimifugin in MEF, were significantly higher than in MOF. In turn, the contents of another 13 components, covering Biochanin A, Tectoridin, Isomucronulatol-7-O-glucoside, Liquiritin, Rhamnetin, etc., were lower in the MEF group than that in the MOF group. It is worth noting that flavonoids, especially flavonoid glycosides, were the primary active chemical ingredients in MOF and MEF. The 18 ingredients in MEF with a higher level carried out diverse activities, like anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial and anti-tumor activities, which led us to speculate that MEF may have greater pharmacological effects and potential development prospects than MOF. The present results displayed that the contents of ingredients in the two different species of plants were radically different, and there was significant uniqueness to the components of MOF and MEF. Our study not only provides helpful chemical information for further quality assessment and active mechanism research of MOF and MEF but also offers scientific support for the resource utilization of MOF and MEF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The aim of this study was to explore elderly patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) white matter changes, the relationship between white matter (WM) abnormalities and emotional regulation strategies, coping styles in elderly ESRD patients. Methods: Twenty-eight elderly ESRD patients and twenty-eight sex and age matched healthy controls (HC) were included in this study. Tract-based spatial statistic (TBSS) was used to investigate the microstructural changes of WM. Two questionnaires were used to measure emotional regulation strategies and coping styles. Results: Neuroimaging analysis showed that the damage of WM structure was widespread in elderly ESRD patients. Psychological test results showed that there were differences in emotional regulation strategies and coping styles between elderly ESRD patients and HC. Furthermore, mediating analysis showed that the mean diffusivity (MD) of the significantly different brain regions played a complete mediating role between group and positive coping style. Conclusion: These results suggest that the integrity of WM, emotional regulation strategies and coping styles play an important role in ESRD patients. Our findings provide evidence that positive coping style may be fully mediated by MD. These results may help us develop new ways to treat and prevent physical and psychological problems in elderly ESRD hemodialysis patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Mean platelet volume (MPV) is one of the four platelet parameters (platelet count, MPV, platelet distribution width and plateletcrit), which indicates the activation of platelet. We aim to investigate the associations between pre-treatment MPV levels and clinical hematology parameters, pathology parameters and prognosis of patients with invasive breast cancer (IBC). Methods: Medical records of 340 breast tumor patients (170 IBC vs. 170 breast benign tumor) were retrospectively reviewed. Patients in two groups were matched for age, body mass index, smoking status and complications. To analyze: differences in pre-treatment MPV levels between IBC group and breast benign tumor group; differences between pre- and postoperative MPV levels in IBC patients; correlations between pre-treatment MPV and clinical hematology parameters, clinicopathologic parameters and prognosis in IBC patients. Results: As we analyzed, pre-treatment MPV levels of IBC patients were significantly higher than the controls (8.65 ± 0.98 vs 8.34 ± 0.78, P = 0.002), and preoperative MPV levels were significantly higher than the postoperative in IBC patients (8.65 ± 0.98 vs 8.44 ± 0.91, P = 0.042). In IBC group, pre-treatment MPV level associated, significantly, with clinical hematology parameters (platelet, fibrinogen, albumin, fasting blood glucose, P = 0.003, 0.042, 0.032, 0.046, respectively) and with clinicopathological parameters (distant metastasis, primary tumor size, tumor node metastasis stages, P = 0.039, 0.002, 0.001, respectively). Furthermore, univariate and multivariate survival analysis demonstrated that MPV was significant prognostic factor ( P = 0.035, HR 1.86, 95 % confidence interval 1.06-3.25). Conclusion: High pre-treatment MPV level in IBC patients was a potential predictive factor and significant independent prognostic factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]