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In recent years, the development on sustainable and environmentally friendly materials has paid more and more attention. The polyglycolic acid (PGA), a biodegradable polymer, has emerged as a prime candidate due to its remarkable mechanical strength, rigidity, and gas barrier properties, which has been widely used in various practical applications. To gain insights into the PGA's behavior and properties under acidic and neutral and basic situations, a comprehensive theoretical and experimental study were performed to investigate PGA's hydrolysis behaviors in aqueous solutions. The density functional theory calculation was carried out to unveil the difference of PGA degradation mechanisms. The calculated results demonstrate that different degradation solutions play a significant impact on the degradation rates of PGA. Specifically, PGA degradation was the fastest in NaOH solution, followed by acidic solutions, with the slowest degradation observed in deionized water. Meanwhile, the experiments were performed and verified this preference of PGA degradation under basic condition. It was observed that the PGA experienced a greater degree of mass loss when exposed to basic condition, compared to those exposed to neutral and acidic environments. This work pointed out that the alkaline environment will facilitate the hydrolysis reaction of PGA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The two genera, Chaenotetrastichus Graham and Styotrichia LaSalle (Chalcidoidea: Eulophidae: Tetrastichinae), are newly recorded from the Oriental region, based on material reared from the pupae of Auplopus carbonarius (Scopoli) (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae) and a Pisoxylon species (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae), respectively, collected using trap-nests. Styotrichia pisoxylona Cao & Zhu sp. nov. is described and illustrated as a gregarious endo-parasitoid of Pisoxylon sp. The generic diagnosis, biology, and distribution of Chaenotetrastichus and Styotrichia are updated. All described species of the two genera are reviewed and a key to them is provided. Based on morphology and available sequences of the D2 expansion region of 28S ribosomal DNA (28S D2), the relationships between the two genera and other members of the subfamily Tetrastichinae are tentatively discussed. The phylogenetic analysis of 28S D2 confirms that the two genera with enlarged mandibles, which are associated with aculeate Hymenoptera, are not closely related. DNA barcodes (mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I, COI) of the newly described species and C. semiflavus (Girault) are provided and analyzed alongside publicly available COI sequences of related taxa. The result suggests that the genetic or species diversity of Chaenotetrastichus is underestimated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Damage identification is a key aspect of structural health monitoring (SHM). However, any measurement of the structural response can be impacted by environmental and operational variations (EOVs), which can affect the system and hinder damage detection. It is therefore important to distinguish between damage‐induced changes in structural dynamic properties and changes caused by EOVs. To address this issue, this paper proposes a damage identification method based on nonlinear manifold learning, specifically Laplacian eigenmaps (LEs). The method eliminates the impact of EOVs on the damage index by treating them as embedded variables and does not require the direct measurement of environmental parameters. The Gaussian process regression (GPR) prediction model results in small residuals when the structure is healthy and significant increases when the structure is damaged, demonstrating the effectiveness of the method in removing environmental influences. The proposed method is demonstrated using computer‐simulated data, where the environmental conditions have a nonlinear effect on the vibration features. The proposed LE‐GPR algorithm is then applied to the Z24 and KW51 bridges and successfully identifies structural damage. The advantage of the proposed approach is its ability to eliminate the effects of ambient temperature and accurately identify structural damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As one of the most preferred forms of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) nowadays, speech-based HCI enables people to communicate verbally with machines, leveraging technologies such as speech recognition and speech synthesis. Current paradigm of speech-based HCI focus on the content of speech only, failing to comprehend deeper pointing information in voice interaction. In particular, when encountering scenarios with multiple smart voice devices around, if people intend to interact with a certain device, the lack of extra pointing information (like the role played by the direction of eye gaze) would cause unintended response from the other devices, resulting in poor interaction experience during HCI. Hence, an interesting problem is: Is it possible for the devices to be aware of the orientation of human voice with only the acoustic speech signals? There is little research studying this topic, except for very a few primary works with much room for improvement. The main challenge of this study lies in capturing the concealed orientation information embedded within the speech signal, while simultaneously maintaining the scheme's practicality and high precision. In this paper, we propose Oriennet, for identifying the orientation of human voice. With a series of features intentionally designed in view of the indoor voice propagation model and mouth radiation pattern, as well as the application of attention mechanism, Oriennet achieve 95% accuracy in terms of judging whether people are facing the device or not. Even for the fine-grained task of classifying people's specific orientation from 8 different directions, our work achieved an accuracy of 74%, far outperforming the existed works. We have validated the robustness of Oriennet under various conditions (noisy environment; different people, rooms, languages, locations; fewer microphones), demonstrating its promising applicability in real-life scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In situ growth of intertwined trinuclear copper complexes (nCu3) on a cellulose-derived carbon support (CMC) produced a high-performance electrocatalyst (CMC–nCu3) for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), which demonstrated superior performance in zinc–air batteries compared to a commercial Pt/C catalyst. This work highlights the importance of copper-based molecular catalysts with rich and intertwined tricopper structures for boosting both ORR activity and stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to improve the quality, efficiency, and economic benefits of using ultrafine phosphate tailings in mining backfill operations. Method; Based on the physicochemical properties of phosphate tailings, this study investigates the optimal conditions for their flocculation and sedimentation by controlling flocculant dosage and feed concentration. Additionally, it examines the effects of varying solid concentrations and sand-to-cement ratios on the flowability of the backfill slurries and the mechanical properties of the backfill mass. Result and Conclusion; The results indicate that the optimal feed concentration for flocculation and sedimentation of ultrafine phosphate tailings is 10% .With a polyacrylamide dosage of 25 g/t, the underflow [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study is to investigate the storage stability and rheological property of bio-oil/lignin composite-modified asphalt. The composite-modified asphalt with different proportions of bio-oil was prepared and cured at 105 °C, 135 °C, and 165 °C for 24 h and 48 h. The storage stability of the composite-modified asphalt was evaluated based on the softening point difference, the storage stability index derived from rotational viscosity, the segregation rate based on temperature sweep, and the non-recoverable creep compliance measured through the Multiple Stress Creep Recovery test. The storage stability of bio-oil/lignin composite-modified asphalt was evaluated through testing and analysis of its infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy before and after thermal storage. The research results indicate that the maximum difference in softening point is 0.9 °C, and the calculated storage stability index is generally below 0.1. The maximum value of the segregation rate is 0.43, indicating excellent storage stability of the bio-oil/lignin composite-modified asphalt. According to the results from infrared spectroscopy, no chemical reactions occurred during the storage process of the composite-modified asphalt. The scanning electron microscope confirmed that the samples became more stable after 48 h of storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development and design of high-performance catalysts for selective hydrogenation of phenol to high value-added cyclohexanol is challenging. A series of hollow carbon coated Ni nanoreactor catalysts (Ni@HCS-T) were synthesized, adjusting carbonization temperature to investigate the effect of chemical microenvironment on the performance of selective hydrogenation of phenol. The results confirmed the carbonization temperature can regulate the degree of carbon skeleton defects and hydroxyl functional group content on the catalysts. The optimum catalyst (Ni@HCS-800) catalyzed phenol conversion of 99.54% and cyclohexanol selectivity of 98.53% at 120 ℃, 2 h and 1 MPa H2 under the carbonization at 800 ℃. The Ni@HCS-800 catalyst is rich in defective structures which, together with neighbouring hydroxyl groups, significantly enhance substrate adsorption. Meanwhile, the abundant defects reasonably modulate the interfacial charge transfer behavior, resulting in a significantly enhanced degree of electron transfer between the metal Ni and carrier, enhancing the interaction between carbon carrier and metal. The Ni@HCS-800 catalyst showed the activation energy Ea of 46.05 kJ⋅mol−1 and remained stable performance after five cycles. In addition, the catalyst could effectively catalyze the conversion of a variety of lignin derivatives, showing wide applicability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Therapeutic benefits and underlying biomechanism(s) of antibody drug conjugates (ADC) in combination with other targeted therapeutics are largely unknown. Here, the synergy between ADC and epigenetic drug decitabine (DAC), a clinically approved DNA methylation inhibitor, in multiple preclinical models of melanoma specifically investigated. Mechanistically, the underlying biomechanisms of how DAC cooperatively worked with ICAM1 antibody conjugated DNA topoisomerase I inhibitor DXd (I1‐DXd) is elucidated. DAC treatment significantly enhanced anti‐tumor efficacy of I1‐DXd by upregulating antigen expression, enhancing antibody internalization and potentiating tumor sensitivity by epigenetically reprogramming of melanoma. Meanwhile, I1‐DXd/DAC combination also exerted regulatory effects on tumor microenvironment (TME) by enhancing tumor infiltration of innate and adaptive immune cells and improving penetration of ADCs with a boosted antitumor immunity. This study provides a rational ADC combination strategy for solid tumor treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental variations initiate chromatin modifications, leading to the exchange of histone subunits or the repositioning of nucleosomes. The phosphorylated histone variant H2A.X (γH2A.X) is recognized for the formation of foci that serve as established markers of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Nevertheless, the precise roles of H2A.X in the cellular response to genotoxic stress and the impact of the plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) remain incompletely understood. In this investigation, we implemented CRISPR/Cas9 technology to produce loss-of-function mutants of AtHTA3 and AtHTA5 in Arabidopsis. The phenotypes of the athta3 and athta5 single mutants were nearly identical to those of the wild-type Col-0. Nevertheless, the athta3 athta5 double mutants exhibited aberrant embryonic development, increased sensitivity to DNA damage, and higher sensitivity to ABA. The RT-qPCR analysis indicates that AtHTA3 and AtHTA5 negatively regulate the expression of AtABI3, a fundamental regulator in the ABA signaling pathway. Subsequent investigation demonstrated that AtABI3 participates in the genotoxic stress response by influencing the expression of DNA damage response genes, such as AtBRCA1, AtRAD51, and AtWEE1. Our research offers new insights into the role of H2A.X in the genotoxic and ABA responses of Arabidopsis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cassia Semen, derived from the dried ripe seeds of leguminous plant Cassia obtusifolia Linn. or Cassia. tora Linn., exhibits a variety of pharmacological effects such as clearing heat to brighten the eyes, lubricating the intestine to relieve constipation, lowering blood pressure and lipids, hepatoprotection and anti-diabetes, etc. And due to its homology of medicine and food, it has broad development prospects in the fields of medicine and food. Based on the summary and analysis of the published literatures, this paper systematically reviews the integrated research progress of Cassiae Semen in recent years from the aspects of bioactive ingredients, pharmacological effects, toxicity and its applications in the food field. Additionally, the emerging challenges and possible development directions for the study of Cassiae Semen are discussed as well. In future research on Cassiae Semen, more attention should be paid to the pharmacological effects of naphthopyranones and polysaccharides and their mechanisms underlying improving eye diseases. Meanwhile, it is essential to focus on strengthening the researches on the pharmacokinetics of Cassiae Semen and the safety evaluation of its related functional foods. This article provides new basic information for further research, development, and utilization of Cassiae Semen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The visibility of retail frontages is critical for earning profits from spontaneous traffic visits to retail shops located along a street. The urban tree canopy plays a crucial role in enhancing the street-side environment, yet more is not always better when considering the placement of retail shops behind trees with big canopies. Related evidence in the literature is rarely provided, and an unclear relationship has been reported to exist between the number of shops for a specific retail type and the quantified ratio of the canopy shade in a street view. In this study, both big data crawling and deep learning were employed to unravel this relationship for retail shops in Changchun, Northeast China. The entire study area was divided into 6037 grid cells with a side length of ~0.6 km, wherein the number of shops of five retail types (food and beverage, shopping, life services, entertainment, and hotel) were quantified by computer counting their points of interest (POIs). The canopy shade was evaluated using the green view index (GVI) quantified through the ratio of canopy pixels divided by all the pixels in a street view image obtained through an online map API. A neighboring road network was categorized into four classes: class I road density mainly reduced the number of retail shops, and the road densities of classes III and IV accounted for more retail shops. The relationship between the number of retail shops and the GVI could be fitted with positive skewness curves for class II roads, where the critical peak of the GVI was estimated to be about 3.27%. The optimization scheme indicated that more retail shops should be placed along class I and II roads. In conclusion, more retail shops for food and beverage, shopping, and life services should be placed in the landscape neighboring big canopies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The design of government subsidies is essential in supporting collaborative innovation and promoting sustainable development in R&D networks. This study explores the influence of different government subsidy strategies designed for R&D networks on inter-enterprise knowledge transfer. Drawing upon evolutionary game theory, it examines how impact is contingent upon enterprises' risk attitudes and reputation effects. The results indicate that when enterprises exhibit homogeneous risk attitudes, government subsidy policies encouraging risk-seeking behaviors can effectively enhance the knowledge-transferring level. When enterprises possess heterogeneous risk attitudes, a greater diversity of risk attitudes leads to a more conducive environment for knowledge transfer. Incorporating a rigorous reputation tolerance into the design of government subsidies in R&D networks can effectively elevate knowledge transfer. Therefore, policymakers can design tailored government subsidies and incentive mechanisms grounded in enterprises' risk attitudes and reputation effects. This study provides theoretical and policy implications for designing government subsidies and collaboration in R&D networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the established steam coal preparation plant that uses dense-medium shallow groove separation process, reducing the separation lower limit is conducive to improving its economic benefits. Reducing the lower limit to be consistent with the mesh size of the demedium screen, which is 1 mm, so that more coal can be separated without affecting the normal operation of the entire system. A process of 1 mm desliming before separation and dense-medium shallow groove separation was proposed in this paper. The kinematic characteristics and desliming performance of rigid screen surface and elastic screen surface were compared and analyzed. The separation performance of each size coal in the dense-medium shallow groove separator was investigated and the ratio of upward medium flow and horizontal medium flow was optimized. The industrial experiment results showed that the screening efficiency and desliming efficiency of elastic screen surface were increased by 4.31% and 4.37% respectively compared with rigid screen surface. The separation performance of each particle size coal in the dense-medium shallow groove separator became worse with the decrease of particle size. When the ratio of upward medium flow and horizontal medium flow was 8:2, the separation performance of 200–1 mm size coal was the best, and its probable error was 0.04 g/cm3. The optimized process could significantly decrease the slime content in separation system and improve clean coal yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA) (Akada et al. Self-supervised learning of domain invariant features for depth estimation, in: 2022 IEEE/CVF winter conference on applications of computer vision (WACV), pp 3377–3387 (2022). ) depth estimation task, a new adaptive approach is to use the bidirectional transformation network to transfer the style between the target and source domain inputs, and then train the depth estimation network in their respective domains. However, the domain adaptation process and the style transfer may result in defects and biases, often leading to depth holes and instance edge depth missing in the target domain’s depth output. To address these issues, We propose a training network that has been improved in terms of model structure and supervision constraints. First, we introduce a edge-guided self-attention mechanism in the task network of each domain to enhance the network’s attention to high-frequency edge features, maintain clear boundaries and fill in missing areas of depth. Furthermore, we utilize an edge detection algorithm to extract edge features from the input of the target domain. Then we establish edge consistency constraints between inter-domain entities in order to narrow the gap between domains and make domain-to-domain transfers easier. Our experimental demonstrate that our proposed method effectively solve the aforementioned problem, resulting in a higher quality depth map and outperforming existing state-of-the-art methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: It has been suggested that gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) alters the growth trajectory of a fetus and increases the risk of abnormal birth weight. In spite of this, there is still a significant debate regarding the mode and optimal timing of diagnosing this condition. Our aim was to determine fetal growth velocity and birth biometry in pregnant women with GDM at varying risk levels. Methods: We conducted a cohort study involving 1023 pregnant women at a maternity hospital in Ma'anshan, China. All women completed an oral glucose tolerance test at 24–28 weeks' gestation. We measured fetal head circumference (HC), femoral length (FL), abdominal circumference (AC), biparietal diameter (BPD), and estimate fetal weight (EFW) by ultrasound at 17, 24, 31, and 35 weeks' gestation, respectively. Results: Overall, 5115 ultrasound scans were performed. Among both low-risk and medium–high-risk pregnant women at 17–24 weeks' gestation, GDM exposure was associated with an increase in fetal growth velocity. Neonates born to women with GDM at medium–high risk had significantly larger birth weights than those born to women without GDM, while this was not observed in women at low risk. Conclusion: In medium–high-risk pregnant women, exposure to GDM has a greater effect on the fetus, leading to abnormal fetal growth velocity that lasts beyond week 24. It is evident from our results that the effects of GDM on fetal growth differ between medium–high-risk pregnant women and low-risk pregnant women, and therefore a different screening program based on the risk factor for GDM is warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), including the lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) subtypes, is a malignant tumor type with a poor 5‐year survival rate. The identification of new powerful diagnostic biomarkers, prognostic biomarkers, and potential therapeutic targets in NSCLC is urgently required. Methods: The UCSC Xena, UALCAN, and GEO databases were used to screen and analyze differentially expressed genes, regulatory modes, and genetic/epigenetic alterations in NSCLC. The UCSC Xena database, GEO database, tissue microarray, and immunohistochemistry staining analyses were used to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic values. Gain‐of‐function assays were performed to examine the roles. The ESTIMATE, TIMER, Linked Omics, STRING, and DAVID algorithms were used to analyze potential molecular mechanisms. Results: NR3C2 was identified as a potentially important molecule in NSCLC. NR3C2 is expressed at low levels in NSCLC, LUAD, and LUSC tissues, which is significantly related to the clinical indexes of these patients. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis suggests that the altered NR3C2 expression patterns have diagnostic value in NSCLC, LUAD, and especially LUSC patients. Decreased NR3C2 expression levels can help predict poor prognosis in NSCLC and LUAD patients but not in LUSC patients. These results have been confirmed both with database analysis and real‐world clinical samples on a tissue microarray. Copy number variation contributes to low NR3C2 expression levels in NSCLC and LUAD, while promoter DNA methylation is involved in its downregulation in LUSC. Two NR3C2 promoter methylation sites have high sensitivity and specificity for LUSC diagnosis with clinical application potential. NR3C2 may be a key participant in NSCLC development and progression and is closely associated with the tumor microenvironment and immune cell infiltration. NR3C2 co‐expressed genes are involved in many cancer‐related signaling pathways, further supporting a potentially significant role of NR3C2 in NSCLC. Conclusions: NR3C2 is a novel potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in NSCLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a problem of worldwide concern that has led to over one million deaths annually and can potentially lead to millions more in the future. Understanding mechanisms of AMR is of critical importance in the surveillance and treatment of antibiotic-resistant infections. Outer membrane porins (OMPs) are membrane-bound tunnels that are involved in the uptake of various chemicals into the cell. Previous research has shown that the absence of these proteins can lead to resistance to various antibiotics, but whether their mutations can play a role in antibiotic susceptibility has not been well characterized. This work reports an A226D mutation in OmpC in E. coli that is widespread in human-related strains, shows that this mutation led to increased susceptibility to β-lactam antibiotics, and proposes mechanisms underlying this phenotype with molecular dynamics. This work reports a new factor for modulating antibiotic susceptibility and improves our understanding of mechanisms of antibiotic resistance. Bacterial resistance to antibiotics can lead to long-lasting, hard-to-cure infections that pose significant threats to human health. One key mechanism of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is to reduce the antibiotic permeation of cellular membranes. For instance, the lack of outer membrane porins (OMPs) can lead to elevated AMR levels. However, knowledge on whether mutations of OMPs can also influence antibiotic susceptibility is limited. This work aims to address this question and identified an A226D mutation in OmpC, a trimeric OMP, in Escherichia coli. Surveillance studies found that this mutation is present in 50 E. coli strains for which whole genomic sequences are available. Measurement of minimum inhibition concentrations (MICs) found that this mutation leads to a 2-fold decrease in MICs for β-lactams ampicillin and piperacillin. Further survival assays confirmed the role this mutation plays in β-lactam susceptibility. With molecular dynamics, we found that the A226D mutation led to increased overall flexibility of the protein, thus facilitating antibiotic uptake, and that binding with piperacillin was weakened, leading to easier antibiotic penetration. This work reports a novel mutation that plays a role in antibiotic susceptibility, along with mechanistic studies, and further confirms the role of OMPs in bacterial tolerance to antibiotics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A stable and highly active core‐shell heterostructure electrocatalyst is essential for catalyzing oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Here, a dual‐trimetallic core‐shell heterostructure OER electrocatalyst that consists of a NiFeWS2 inner core and an amorphous NiFeW(OH)z outer shell is designed and synthesized using in situ electrochemical tuning. The electrochemical measurements of different as‐synthesized catalysts with a similar mass loading suggest that the core‐shell Ni0.66Fe0.17W0.17S2@amorphous NiFeW(OH)z nanosheets exhibit the highest overall performance compared with that of other bimetallic reference catalysts for the OER. Additionally, the nanosheet arrays were in situ grown on hydrophilic‐treated carbon paper to fabricate an integrated three‐dimensional electrode that affords a current density of 10 mA cm−2 at a small overpotential of 182 mV and a low Tafel slope of 35 mV decade−1 in basic media. The Faradaic efficiency of core‐shell Ni0.66Fe0.17W0.17S2@amorphous NiFeW(OH)z is as high as 99.5% for OER. The scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses confirm that this electrode has excellent stability in morphology and elementary composition after long‐term electrochemical measurements. Importantly, density functional theory calculations further indicate that the core‐shell heterojunction increased the conductivity of the catalyst, optimized the adsorption energy of the OER intermediates, and improved the OER activity. This study provides a universal strategy for designing more active core‐shell structure electrocatalysts based on the rule of coordinated regulation between electronic transport and active sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How do heterogeneous individual behaviors arise in response to sudden events and how do they shape large-scale social dynamics? Based on a five-year naturalistic observation of individual purchasing behaviors, we extract the long-term consumption dynamics of diverse commodities from approximately 2.2 million purchase orders. We subdivide the consumption dynamics into trend, seasonal, and random components and analyze them using a renormalization group. We discover that the coronavirus pandemic, a sudden event acting on the social system, regulates the scaling and criticality of consumption dynamics. On a large time scale, the long-term dynamics of the system, regardless of arising from trend, seasonal, or random individual behaviors, is pushed toward a quasi-critical region between independent (i.e., the consumption behaviors of different commodities are irrelevant) and correlated (i.e., the consumption behaviors of different commodities are interrelated) phases as the pandemic erupts. On a small time scale, short-term consumption dynamics exhibits more diverse responses to the pandemic. While the trend and random behaviors of individuals are driven to quasi-criticality and exhibit scale-invariance as the pandemic breaks out, seasonal behaviors are more robust against regulations. Overall, these discoveries provide insights into how quasi-critical macroscopic dynamics emerges in heterogeneous social systems to enhance system reactivity to sudden events while there may exist specific system components maintaining robustness as a reflection of system stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Federated learning is an effective approach for preserving data privacy and security, enabling machine learning to occur in a distributed environment and promoting its development. However, an urgent problem that needs to be addressed is how to encourage active client participation in federated learning. The Shapley value, a classical concept in cooperative game theory, has been utilized for data valuation in machine learning services. Nevertheless, existing numerical evaluation schemes based on the Shapley value are impractical, as they necessitate additional model training, leading to increased communication overhead. Moreover, participants' data may exhibit Non-IID characteristics, posing a significant challenge to evaluating participant contributions. Non-IID data have greatly affected the accuracy of the global model, weakened the marginal effect of the participants, and led to the underestimated contribution measurement results of the participants. Current work often overlooks the impact of heterogeneity on model aggregation. This paper presents a fair federated learning contribution measurement scheme that addresses the need for additional model computations. By introducing a novel aggregation weight, it enhances the accuracy of the contribution measurement. Experiments on the MNIST and Fashion MNIST dataset show that the proposed method can accurately compute the contributions of participants. Compared to existing baseline algorithms, the model accuracy is significantly improved, with a similar time cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Red phosphors play an important role in improving the light quality and color rendering index of white light-emitting diodes (WLEDs) for lighting. In this paper, we report the transition ion Mn4+-activated deep red phosphor GdGeSbO6:x%Mn4+ and analyze its crystal structure, composition and luminescence behavior in detail. Its optimal doping concentration of Mn4+ is 0.3%. Under ultraviolet (UV) excitation, GdGeSbO6:0.3%Mn4+ produces a narrow emission peak centred at 682 nm in the range of 650–800 nm with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 25 nm, which is attributed to the spin-prohibited 2Eg → 4A2g transition of Mn4+ ions. Notably, the optimal phosphor GdGeSbO6:0.3%Mn4+ has a high internal quantum efficiency (IQE ≈ 65%) and excellent thermal stability performance (I423 K/I303 K ≈ 62%). The synthesis of high-performance warm WLEDs and full-spectrum WLEDs was achieved by combining and coating GdGeSbO6:0.3%Mn4+ phosphors with commercial phosphors on the surface of a 365 nm UV chip. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bioinspired by the active sites of multicopper oxidases (MCOs), bi/multinuclear copper complexes have attracted great attention in promoting catalytic activity for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Herein, we report the preparation of a Cu–N–C electrocatalyst Cu-BPOZ@CNB-400 for efficient ORR, which was obtained by low temperature pyrolysis of a dinuclear 2,5-bis(2-pyridyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (BPOZ) copper complex loaded on a N-doped carbon support at 400 °C. Cu-BPOZ@CNB-400 exhibited a half-wave potential (E1/2) of 0.86 V vs. RHE for the ORR in 0.1 M KOH solution, which was significantly higher than that of the Cu-BPOZ@CNB-800 (E1/2 = 0.83 V) catalyst treated under high temperature (at 800 °C) and the control catalyst Cu-Phen@CNB-400 (E1/2 = 0.82 V) derived from low-temperature-treatment (at 400 °C) of a mononuclear phenanthroline-coordinated-Cu complex loaded on a N-doped carbon support. When Cu-BPOZ@CNB-400 was applied as the cathode catalyst in zinc–air batteries a maximum power density (Pmax) of 127 mW cm−2 could be achieved, demonstrating comparable catalyst performance to the commercial 20 wt% Pt/C (Pmax = 122 mW cm−2) and the control Cu-Phen@CNB-400 catalyst (Pmax = 105 mW cm−2) under similar experimental conditions. Low-temperature pyrolysis of dinuclear copper complexes on a carbon support improved the charge transfer efficiency, inhibited metal aggregation, and could produce highly dispersed Cu–N–C catalysts with dinuclear copper sites for promoting the 4e−-reduction selectivity of the ORR. It thus provides a cost-effective approach for the controllable fabrication of efficient ORR catalysts to be applied for energy conversion devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The roles of Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways in cerebral ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury are well established. The translocation of β-catenin into the nucleus is critical for regulating neuronal apoptosis, repair, and neurogenesis within the ischemic brain. It has been reported that the scaffold domain of Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) (residues 95–98) interacts with β-catenin (residues 330–337). However, the specific contribution of the Cav-1/β-catenin complex to I/R injury remains unknown. Methods and results: To investigate the mechanism underlying the involvement of the Cav-1/β-catenin complex in the subcellular translocation of β-catenin and its subsequent effects on cerebral I/R injury, we treated ischemic brains with ASON (Cav-1 antisense oligodeoxynucleotides) or FTVT (a competitive peptide antagonist of the Cav-1 and β-catenin interaction). Our study demonstrated that the binding of Cav-1 to β-catenin following I/R injury prevented the nuclear accumulation of β-catenin. Treatment with ASON or FTVT after I/R injury significantly increased the levels of nuclear β-catenin. Furthermore, ASON reduced the phosphorylation of β-catenin at Ser33, Ser37, and Thr41, which contributes to its proteasomal degradation, while FTVT increased phosphorylation at Tyr333, which is associated with its nuclear translocation. Conclusions: The above results indicate that the formation of the Cav-1/β-catenin complex anchors β-catenin in the cytoplasm following I/R injury. Additionally, both ASON and FTVT treatments attenuated neuronal death in ischemic brains. Our study suggests that targeting the interaction between Cav-1 and β-catenin serve as a novel therapeutic strategy to protect against neuronal damage during cerebral injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to investigate the umami characteristics of soy sauce using electronic tongue evaluation and amino acid composition and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI−TOF MS) analysis. The soy sauce peptides were isolated from soy sauce using XAD−16 macroporous resin combined with ethanol solution. The results showed that the soy sauce peptide fraction eluted by 60% ethanol (SS−60%) exhibited a prominent umami taste, and the umami scores were highly positively correlated with the amino acid nitrogen contents of soy sauces. The umami scores of SS−60% were significantly positively correlated with the contents of free amino acids. Especially, Phe showed the highest positive correlation with the umami scores. In addition, five characteristic ion peaks with m/z at 499, 561, 643, 649, and 855 were identified in the peptide mass fingerprinting. Therefore, this study provides new insights into the umami characteristics for the taste evaluation and reality identification of soy sauce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zwitterionic catalysis is powerful in simultaneously activating electrophiles and nucleophiles in organic transformations; however, its potential in polymerizations remains untapped. Herein, a zwitterionic catalytic model for ring-opening polymerization (ROP) is introduced and a series quaternary ammonium carboxylate zwitterionic catalysts have been designed and evaluated in the ROPs of cyclic esters. Among the zwitterionic catalysts, L -carnitine, a commercially available and inexpensive natural product, showed the optimal catalytic performance. ROPs of L -lactide (L -LA), trimethylene carbonate, δ-valerolactone and ε-caprolactone were successful. PLLA was prepared with controlled molecular weight (1.4 to 21.2 kg mol−1) and narrow dispersion (Đ 1.02 to 1.21). The zwitterionic catalytic mechanism is proposed where quaternary ammonium and hydroxyl cooperatively activated the carbonyl of monomers, while the carboxylic anion activated the chain-end/initiator. NMR titrations validated the bifunctional activation mechanism. Organocatalysts of zwitterionic nature provide a new design tool for wider scope investigation of catalytic polymerizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The intrinsic characteristics of multiphase flow inevitably result in vibrations within the pipe structure. The evolution of vibration characteristics is crucial for monitoring the stability of the multiphase flow pipelines. However, under high liquid velocity condition, the influence of flow pattern on the gas–liquid two-phase flow-induced vibration (GTFIV) of the pipe remains unclear. In this paper, the vibration signals in the horizontal pipe under different flow patterns at high liquid velocity are measured by a vibration test system. Synchronously, images inside the pipe are captured to illustrate the flow mechanism. The results show that the α stable distribution model holds higher fitting accuracy than the standard normal distribution for the GTFIV. The random behavior of small-scale bubbles determines the structural richness of the GTFIV. The multifractal characteristics of the GTFIV are strongly dependent on the flow pattern. The formation of the gas plug leads to significant unevenness in the fractal structure of the GTFIV. The multifractal strength of the GTFIV gradually increases as the flow pattern transforms from dispersed bubble flow to slug flow. Some multifractal spectrum parameters of the vibration signal can be applied for the identification of flow patterns in the pipe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nitrogen (N), as the main component of biological macromolecules, maintains the basic process of plant growth and development. GOGAT, as a key enzyme in the N assimilation process, catalyzes α-ketoglutaric acid and glutamine to form glutamate. In this study, six GOGAT genes in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were identified and classified into two subfamilies, Fd-GOGAT (TaGOGAT2s) and NADH-GOGAT (TaGOGAT3s), according to the type of electron donor. Subcellular localization prediction showed that TaGOGAT3-D was localized in mitochondria and that the other five TaGOGATs were localized in chloroplasts. Via the analysis of promoter elements, many binding sites related to growth and development, hormone regulation and plant stress resistance regulations were found on the TaGOGAT promoters. The tissue-specificity expression analysis showed that TaGOGAT2s were mainly expressed in wheat leaves and flag leaves, while TaGOGAT3s were highly expressed in roots and leaves. The expression level of TaGOGATs and the enzyme activity of TaGOGAT3s in the leaves and roots of wheat seedlings were influenced by the treatment of N deficiency. This study conducted a systematic analysis of wheat GOGAT genes, providing a theoretical basis not only for the functional analysis of TaGOGATs, but also for the study of wheat nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plasma bubbles represent notable ionospheric irregularities primarily observed in low latitudes, characterized by plasma depletions exhibiting large spatial scales, which can make a significant impact on the propagation of OTHR (over-the-horizon radar) waves. Firstly, we constructed a three-dimensional model of plasma bubbles, which is modulated by Gaussian function distribution in the horizontal direction, and then we analyzed the impact of EPBs (Equatorial Plasma Bubbles) on the ray path of OTHR shortwaves. When radio waves propagate through EPBs with different RMS ΔN/N, there is a significant difference in the propagation path of OTHR waves. For the EPB with an RMS ΔN/N of 75%, radio waves exhibit more pronounced refraction than those with lower RMS values, the focusing effect of radio waves is more obvious, and the focusing point is relatively lower. In terms of different seasons, OTHR shortwaves propagating through EPBs exhibit different degrees of refraction. In addition, radio waves show the effect of inward focusing in different seasons: the focusing effect is the most pronounced in spring, followed by autumn, then summer, and the weakest in winter. For different solar activities, the impact of EPBs on OTHR shortwaves is more significant in the high-solar-activity year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common and deadliest extracranial solid tumor in children. Targeting tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) is a strategy for attenuating tumor-promoting states. The crosstalk between cancer cells and TAMs plays a pivotal role in mediating tumor progression in NB. The overexpression of Hexokinase-3 (HK3), a pivotal enzyme in glucose metabolism, has been associated with poor prognosis in NB patients. Furthermore, it correlates with the infiltration of M2-like macrophages within NB tumors, indicating its significant involvement in tumor progression. Therefore, HK3 not only directly regulates the malignant biological behaviors of tumor cells, such as proliferation, migration, and invasion, but also recruits and polarizes M2-like macrophages through the PI3K/AKT-CXCL14 axis in neuroblastoma. The secretion of lactate and histone lactylation alterations within tumor cells accompanies this interaction. Additionally, elevated expression of HK3 in M2-TAMs was found at the same time. Modulating HK3 within M2-TAMs alters the biological behavior of tumor cells, as demonstrated by our in vitro studies. This study highlights the pivotal role of HK3 in the progression of NB malignancy and its intricate regulatory network with M2-TAMs. It establishes HK3 as a promising dual-functional biomarker and therapeutic target in combating neuroblastoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common cancer among men in the United States and the leading cause of cancer-related death. The Solute Carrier Family 14 Member 1 (SLC14A1) is a member of urea transporters which are important for the regulation of urine concentration. However, the physiological significance of SLC14A1 in PCa still remains unclear. In the present study, via bioinformatics analysis and experiments, we found that expression of SLC14A1 is significantly decreased in PCa progression, which could be attributed to hypermethylation on SLC14A1 promoter region. Moreover, its low expression and hypermethylation on SLC14A1 promoter are closely related to the poor prognosis of PCa patients. On the other hand, overexpression of SLC14A1 inhibited cell proliferation and metastasis while its overexpression also suppressed CDK1/CCNB1 pathway and mTOR/MMP-9 signaling pathway. Additionally, SLC14A1 expression is enriched in prostate basal-type cells. In summary, our study indicates that its low expression level and promoter hypermethylation of SLC14A1 may represent novel indicators for PCa progression and prognosis, and SLC14A1 could inhibit the progression of PCa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reviewed the application progress in the additives in poly(glycolic acid) (PGA) processing, including antioxidants, chain extenders, anti-hydrolysis agents, and inorganic particles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate cropland map serves as the cornerstone of effective agricultural monitoring. Despite the continuous enrichment of remotely sensed cropland maps, pervasive inconsistencies have impeded their further application. This issue is particularly evident in areas with limited valid observations, such as southwestern China, which is characterized by its complex topography and fragmented parcels. In this study, we constructed multi-sourced samples independent of the data producers, taking advantage of open-source validation datasets and sampling to rectify the accuracy of ten contemporary cropland maps in southwestern China, decoded their inconsistencies, and generated a refined cropland map (CroplandSyn) by leveraging ten state-of-the-art remotely sensed cropland maps released from 2021 onwards using the self-adaptive threshold method. Validations, conducted at both prefecture and county scales, underscored the superiority of the refined cropland map, aligning more closely with national land survey data. The refined cropland map and samples are publicly available to users. Our study offers valuable insights for improving agricultural practices and land management in under-monitored areas by providing high-quality cropland maps and validation datasets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The strong metal–support interactions (SMSI) between metal and its support have been regarded as a valid approach to enhance the catalytic performance; however, the extent to which exploration of electronic state regulation affects catalytic performance of alcohol oxidation reactions (AOR) has been rarely reported. In this paper, PdAg nanoparticles loaded on a N-doped carbon substrate with controlled nitrogen content (PdAg@NxC, x representing the nitrogen contents) was synthesized through a seeded synthesis strategy for alkaline AOR. Results show that the electronic state of PdAg nanoparticles was significantly modified after nitrogen doping in the carbon support. Experimental and theoretical results indicate that with increasing nitrogen content, the degree of electronic state regulation becomes increasingly significant. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggest that the increased degree of SMSI promotes OH* adsorption on the PdAg surface and weakens the binding between catalyst and CO*. As a result, the PdAg@N15.3C with the highest N content exhibits excellent AOR performance, achieving a MA/SA of 10.8 A mgPd−1/13.2 mA cm−2 and 3.8 A mgPd−1/4.7 mA cm−2 on the EOR and MOR, respectively. Moreover, due to the changes in the adsorption energy of key intermediates on PdAg nanoparticles, the onset oxidation potential of PdAg@N15.3C shows a negative shift of 180 mV compared to PdAg@C as revealed by CO stripping analysis, signifying an increase in the CO tolerance. Our study demonstrates the influence of the SMSI effect between the active center and the support on the catalytic performance for AOR and presents a pathway to achieve high AOR performance through SMSI engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the Colonial Period, Maya communities underwent significant social and religious transformations. This paper investigates how the Maya communities of Lamanai, Belize maintained resilience in the 16th century. By examining ethnohistorical and archaeological evidence at Lamanai, especially zoomorphic effigies at two Christian churches, the study demonstrates that resilience was not solely a product of human agency but also arose from engagement with other species and materials. Drawing influence from process philosophy, this paper redefines resilience as a dynamic and creative process encompassing active adaptation, reorganisation, and transformation. It argues that the ability to cross boundaries is essential to resilience. Maya communities were able to transcend the boundaries of properties, entities, realities, and cultures, which enabled them to re-envision their relationships with others and the world. Boundary-crossing allowed them to navigate complex changes with ease and integrate diverse cultural elements into their identity, ultimately fostering resilience in the face of colonial challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To investigate the roles of neurotrophic factors on cognition in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) carrying Apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4. Methods: Totals of 173 patients with AD were divided into APOE ε4 carrier and non‐carrier groups, and their demographics, cognition, and neurotrophic factors in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were compared. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to assess correlations among APOE ε4, neurotrophic factors and cognition. Mediation analyses were conducted to assess the sequential associations among APOE ε4, nerve growth factor (NGF), and cognition. Results: Global cognition and multiple domains were impaired in the APOE ε4 carrier group (all p < 0.05). NGF level in the APOE ε4 carrier group was lower than that in the non‐carrier group (p = 0.016). NGF level showed significant correlations with both global and multiple domains cognitions. Specifically, NGF mediated the association between APOE ε4 and Animal Fluency Test score (β, −0.45; 95% CI [−0.96, −0.07]; p < 0.001) and Trail Making Test‐A (time) (β, 0.15; 95% CI [0.01, 0.33]; p < 0.001). Conclusion: APOE ε4 is associated with cognitive impairment, and those carrying APOE ε4 have decreased NGF level in CSF. Declined NGF level is correlated with compromised cognition. NGF mediates APOE ε4‐associated cognitive impairment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The Giant Steerable Science Mirror prototype is being developed to assess the tertiary mirror system of the Thirty Meter Telescope. In this study, a new semi-kinematic coupling design is proposed for the prototype based on three pairs of V-grooves and canoe-like components to allow for high repeatability accuracy under heavy loads. A mathematical model was constructed to estimate the repeatability accuracy using the corresponding measurement results and machining errors. The proposed design was verified by an experiment, and the results were consistent with the mathematical model. Furthermore, the results indicate that the repeatability of the semi-kinematic coupling is sufficient for the requirement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We use seismic ambient noise recorded by dense ocean bottom nodes (OBNs) in the Gorgon gas field, Western Australia, to compute time‐lapse seafloor models of shear‐wave velocity. The extracted hourly cross‐correlation (CC) functions in the frequency band 0.1–1 Hz contain mainly Scholte waves with very high signal‐to‐noise ratio. We observe temporal velocity variations (dv/v) at the order of 0.1% with a peak velocity change of 0.8% averaged from all station pairs, from the conventional time‐lapse analysis with the assumption of a spatially homogeneous dv/v. With a high‐resolution reference (baseline) model from full waveform inversion of Scholte waves, we present an elastic wave equation based double‐difference inversion (EW‐DD) method, using arrival time differences between the reference and time‐lapsed Scholte waves, for mapping temporally varying dv/v in the heterogeneous subsurface. The time‐lapse velocity models reveal increasing/decreasing patterns of shear‐wave velocity in agreement with those from the conventional analysis. The velocity variation exhibits a ∼24‐hr cycling pattern, which appears to be inversely correlated with the diurnal variations in sea level height, possibly associated with dilatant effects for porous, low‐velocity shallow seafloor and rising pore pressure with higher sea level. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using dense passive seismic surveys and wave‐equation time‐lapse inversion for quantitative monitoring of subsurface property changes in the horizontal and depth domain. Plain Language Summary: Unlike seismic waves generated by earthquakes or human‐made sources, seismic ambient noise (passive seismic) is the ubiquitous background vibration of the solid Earth recorded by seismic sensors. We use seismic interferometry to extract Scholte waves at hourly intervals from ambient noise data collected by dense ocean bottom nodes. Scholte waves travel along the interface between the ocean and the seafloor. This workflow facilitates continuous passive monitoring of the seafloor, without using human‐made seismic sources. Conventional passive monitoring techniques usually assume a spatially homogeneous relative velocity changes. With this assumption, the waveform differences on the extracted Scholte waves reveal temporal variations in the velocity of shear waves up to 0.8%. The velocity variation in this study exhibits a ∼24‐hr cycling pattern, which seems inversely correlated with diurnal variations in sea level height, possibly associated with dilatant effects for porous, low‐velocity shallow seafloor and rising pore pressure with high sea level. Furthermore, we push the limits of passive monitoring with advanced wave‐equation based inversion technique, allowing us to mapping the velocity change into detailed spatial distribution. Therefore we not only infer how velocity changes in time, but also provide insights on where the velocity changes occur in 3‐D beneath the seabed. Key Points: We present a method for space‐time monitoring of subsurface velocity changes in the horizontal and depth domain using seismic ambient noiseWe compute time‐lapse images of seafloor seismic velocity and observe diurnal shear‐wave velocity changes up to 0.8%The wave‐equation based method is suitable for 4‐D subsurface passive monitoring using dense seismic arrays [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mixing of cotton seeds of different cultivars and qualities can lead to differences in growth conditions and make field management difficult. In particular, except for yield loss, it can also lead to inconsistent cotton quality and poor textile product quality, causing huge economic losses to farmers and the cotton processing industry. However, traditional cultivar identification methods for cotton seeds are time-consuming, labor-intensive, and cumbersome, which cannot meet the needs of modern agriculture and modern cotton processing industry. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a fast, accurate, and non-destructive method for identifying cotton seed cultivars. In this study, hyperspectral images (397.32 nm—1003.58 nm) of five cotton cultivars, namely Jinke 20, Jinke 21, Xinluzao 64, Xinluzao 74, and Zhongmiansuo 5, were captured using a Specim IQ camera, and then the average spectral information of seeds of each cultivar was used for spectral analysis, aiming to estab-lish a cotton seed cultivar identification model. Due to the presence of many obvious noises in the < 400 nm and > 1000 nm regions of the collected spectral data, spectra from 400 nm to 1000 nm were selected as the representative spectra of the seed samples. Then, various denoising techniques, including Savitzky-Golay (SG), Standard Normal Variate (SNV), and First Derivative (FD), were applied individually and in combination to improve the quality of the spectra. Additionally, a successive projections algorithm (SPA) was employed for spectral feature selection. Based on the full-band spectra, a Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) model was established. Furthermore, spectral features and textural features were fused to create Random Forest (RF), Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), and Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) identification models. The results showed that: (1) The SNV-FD preprocessing method showed the optimal denoising performance. (2) SPA highlighted the near-infrared region (800–1000 nm), red region (620–700 nm), and blue-green region (420–570 nm) for identifying cotton cultivar. (3) The fusion of spectral features and textural features did not consistently improve the accuracy of all modeling strategies, suggesting the need for further research on appropriate modeling strategies. (4) The ELM model had the highest cotton cultivar identification accuracy, with an accuracy of 100% for the training set and 98.89% for the test set. In conclusion, this study successfully developed a highly accurate cotton seed cultivar identification model (ELM model). This study provides a new method for the rapid and non-destructive identification of cotton seed cultivars, which will help ensure the cultivar consistency of seeds used in cotton planting, and improve the overall quality and yield of cotton. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The corrosion failure of amorphous carbon (a-C) coatings is commonly ascribed to the existence of growth microdefects, which serve as pathways for corrosive fluids to permeate the substrate. Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is renowned for its ability to augment the corrosion resistance of metallic materials. Graphite-like carbon (GLC) is one of the amorphous carbon materials dominated by hybridized sp2-C bonds. In this study, an ALD-deposited Al2O3 layer is specially introduced on the Cr/GLC multilayer coating to solve the aforementioned corrosion risk of a-C by taking the sealing conception for defects. Compared to the as-deposited Cr/GLC coating, the coating encapsulated with Al2O3 layer depicts the reduction of corrosion current density over two orders of magnitude under a wide pressure range of 0.1 ~ 15 MPa. Particularly, the presence of released Crn+ and Fen+ in the corrosion solution is significantly diminished, accompanying with a small quantity of Aln+ generated in sealed coating during corrosion. Microstructural analysis and electrochemical results identified that both the dense Al2O3 layer offered strong safeguard for Cr elements released from multilayers, whilst amorphous carbon network inhibited the likelihood chloride penetration induced by partially infiltrated Al2O3, which made the synergistic contributions to the enhancement of corrosion resistance for Cr/GLC coating for deep-sea applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]