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Context: Poor knee biomechanics contribute to knee joint injuries. Neuromuscular control over knee position is partially derived from the hip. It is unknown whether isolated activation training of the gluteal muscles improves lower-extremity frontal plane mechanics. This study examined if a home-based hip muscle activation program improves performance on the Forward Step-Down Test as well as increases surface electromyography (sEMG) activation of the gluteal muscles. Design: The study utilized a single-group repeated-measures design. Methods: Thirty-five participants (24 females, mean age = 23.17 [SD 1.36] years) completed an 8-week hip muscle activation program. The Forward Step-Down Test score and sEMG of gluteus maximus and medius were assessed preintervention and postintervention. Results: Forward Step-Down Test scores improved significantly from preintervention (Mdn = 3.5) to postintervention (Mdn = 3.0, T = 109, P =.010, r =.31.), but this result did not meet clinical significance. sEMG analysis revealed a significant increase in mean gluteus maximus activation (P =.028, d = 1.19). No significant dose–response relationship existed between compliance and the Forward Step-Down Test scores or sEMG results. Conclusions: A home-based hip activation program increases gluteus maximus activation without clinically significant changes in frontal plane movement quality. Future studies may find clinical relevance by adding motor learning to the activation training program to improve functional muscle use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Lateral epicondylopathy (LE) is a common overuse injury affecting elbow, wrist, and hand function. It is characterized by weakness and pain in the muscles and tendons of the forearm responsible for the extension of your wrist and fingers. Trigger point dry needling is a technique reported to be beneficial in managing pain and dysfunction after LE diagnosis. LE is also commonly treated with conservative treatment, such as joint and soft tissue mobilization, self-care home programs, and anti-inflammatory use. We explored a different dry needling approach consisting of in situ dry needling with electric stimulation combined with targeted therapeutic exercise to treat LE in 3 cases. Case Presentation: Three patients were referred for dry needling once a week for 6 weeks and home-based exercise therapy for LE. They were clinically evaluated using grip strength, a visual analog scale to assess pain, and Patient-Rated Tennis Elbow Evaluation Test scores. These were measured at 4 time points (weeks 0, 2, 4, and 6). Management and Outcomes: The dry needling intervention incorporated 8 locations in the upper-extremity with 2 electric stimulation channels. The patients had reduced pain as measured by a visual analog scale, increased function as measured by the Patient-Rated Tennis Elbow Evaluation Test, and increased grip strength over 6 weeks. Conclusions: This case series illustrates the use of dry needling and a home exercise program to provide a favorable outcome in a patient with LE. Patients had an 80% to 100% reduction in pain and similar improvements in function that were significantly beyond the minimum clinically important difference. This dry needling approach is a safe and effective treatment of LE in the short term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Online exercise programming has surged in popularity; however, little is known about older adults' perceptions and experiences of online exercise. The purpose of this study was to qualitatively examine older adults' (aged 59–82 years) experiences and perceptions of an online exercise program during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nineteen individuals (individuals who used the online exercise program and those who did not) completed a semistructured interview. Three main themes were generated from the data using reflexive thematic analysis: (a) can online exercise really work for older adults? (b) technology attitudes and experiences influence online participation, and (c) barriers and advantages of the online exercise program and the home environment. Most participants who took part were able to overcome initial barriers through technical support and experience. Our findings highlight ways to promote advantages and address barriers of online exercise for older adults and emphasize the importance of fostering social experiences and training online exercise instructors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Ages of 0–3 years are critical stages for children's neurodevelopment. However, the impact of the home nurturing environment on early childhood neurodevelopment remains unclear. Objective: To explore the role of the home nurturing environment on early childhood neurodevelopment and to provide evidence of an association between fostering quality home nurturing and achieving optimal neurodevelopment. Participants and setting: An online cross-sectional survey using the stratified sampling method was conducted from 16 June, 2021 to 18, February, 2022 in all 13 communities of Minhang District, Shanghai. A total of 2,402 children aged 0–3 years with balanced sex distribution were included. Methods: The quality of home nurturing environments was measured using validated Child Home Nurture Environment Scales. Neurodevelopment was measured using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire - Third edition (ASQ-3). Generalized Linear Mixed Modeling was used to analyze the association between the quality of home nurturing environments and neurodevelopment. Results: Among children aged 0–1, neglect or restriction was reported as the most prevalent problem (8.02%) among home nurturing environment dimensions, and was associated with an increased risk of suspected fine motor development delay (OR = 2.82, 95% CI: 1.18–6.69, P = 0.019). Among children aged 1–3, inadequate parental warmth, as the foremost (16.10%) problem, was associated with an increased risk of suspected gross motor development delay (OR = 4.12, 95% CI: 1.35–12.53, P = 0.013) and suspected personal-social development delay (OR = 12.50, 95%CI: 1.48-105.36, P = 0.020). Conclusions: Poor home nurturing environments were associated with an increased risk of suspected early childhood neurodevelopment delay. There exists a need for services to guide for establishing a quality home nurturing environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The "PromeTheus" trial is evaluating a home-based, multifactorial, interdisciplinary prevention program for community-dwelling (pre-)frail older adults. These individuals often suffer from reduced participation, which can complicate the recruitment and enrollment in a clinical trial. Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate different recruitment strategies and differences in participant characteristics in relation to these strategies. Methods: This cross-sectional study used baseline data from the randomized-controlled PromeTheus trial, in which community-dwelling (pre-)frail older persons (Clinical Frailty Scale [CFS] 4–6 pt., ≥ 70 years) were recruited via general practitioners ("GP recruitment") or flyers, newspaper articles, and personalized letters ("direct recruitment"). Differences in the sociodemographic, clinical, physical, functional, mobility-related, psychological and social characteristics were analyzed in relation to the recruitment strategy. Results: A total of 385 participants (mean age = 81.2, SD 5.9 years; women: n = 283, 73.5%) were enrolled, of which 60 (16%) were recruited by GPs and 325 (84%) through direct recruitment. Participants recruited via GPs had significantly higher subjective frailty levels (CFS), were more often physically frail (Fried Frailty Phenotype), and showed lower physical capacity (Short Physical Performance Battery), participation (disability component of the short version of the Late-Life Function and Disability Instrument), and life-space mobility (Life-Space Assessment) compared to those recruited via the direct approach (p = 0.002–0.026). Costs per randomized participant were 94€ for the GP recruitment strategy and €213 for the direct recruitment strategy. Conclusion: Different strategies may be required to successfully recruit (pre-)frail home-living older adults into preventive programs. Direct recruitment strategies, in which potential participants are directly informed about the prevention program, seem to be more promising than GP recruitment but may result in enrolment of persons with less functional impairment and higher recruitment costs. Trial registration: German Clinical Trials Register, DRKS00024638. Registered on March 11, 2021. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Many palliative cancer patients require inpatient hospital treatment for medical reasons, which contrasts their frequent desire to be at home. Virtual reality (VR) could be a way of bringing the home environment closer to them. First observations have shown benefits from VR for inpatients in palliative care. The aim of this qualitative, descriptive study was to explore the expectations of in-patients suffering from incurable cancer and their relatives about VR, in particular individualized VR images of the patients' own home. Methods: Semi-structured interviews with inpatients suffering from incurable cancers and their relatives in three medical settings (palliative care, hematology, radiotherapy) of a German university hospital. Qualitative content analysis about expected benefits and concerns regarding VR-videos showing their private home; defining the main topics deductively and the subcategories inductively. We also assessed the patients' subjective perspective on their remaining time to live to estimate the impact of double awareness on the results. The Patient Advisory Board informed the study protocol and conduct. Results: We interviewed 15 patients (8 men; age M = 63.4, SD = 11.34; range 39–82) under palliative care, and four relatives. We organized the interview content in 6 themes (general interest, desired content, non-desired content, expected benefits, concerns, and irregularities) and 26 sub-themes. Most patients and relatives were interested in using VR during hospital treatment. They often preferred viewing nature or tourist sites over seeing their home or family. Reasons could be linked to privacy concerns and the general desire for distraction from the current situation that they specified with their expectation of well-being, a break from the patient-experience, the pursue of curiosity, and the VR evoking fond memories. Conclusion: VR seems to be of interest for palliative cancer patients, especially as distraction and relief from their illness. The desired content can be very different, so a choice from a selection of VR-content should be made available. If patients want to see videos of their own home, recordings by relatives instead of study or hospital staff seem to meet the need for privacy. Trial registration: Registered at Deutsches Register Klinischer Studien; registration number: DRKS00032172; registration date: 11/07/2023. https://drks.de/search/de/trial/DRKS00032172. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This research examines the effects of educational materials, delivered with "take-home and cook-with-friends" meal kits, on college students' food agency. Participants: In the spring of 2021, 186 students were recruited at a US public university and randomly allocated into either an intervention group that received meal kits and educational materials or a control group that received only meal kits. Methods: Meal kits containing local ingredients were distributed weekly to the participants and surveys were conducted to measure participants' food agency, using the Cooking and Food Provisioning Action Scale (CAFPAS). Hypothesis tests and regression analysis were then conducted to examine the educational intervention's effects on the CAFPAS scores. Results: The educational intervention had a positive and statistically significant effect on students' CAFPAS scores. Conclusions: Educational interventions hold promise in enhancing college students' food agency, at least in the short term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to determine the effect of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) via mobile phone on female family caregivers during COVID-19. Design/methodology/approach: In the experimental study, 81 female family caregivers were randomly divided into the experimental group (n = 40) and control group (n = 41). The experimental group received MBSR via mobile phone. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Inventory and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire - Seventh Edition were evaluated at the beginning of the study, week 3 and week 8, respectively. Findings: In both groups, anxiety decreased over time, although the decrease in the experimental group was significantly higher than in the control group (F = 22.912 p < 0.001). Sleep quality improved slightly in both groups over time; this improvement in the experimental group was significantly more than in the control group (F = 3.751 p = 0.035). Originality/value: The MBSR via mobile phone helps to reduce anxiety and improve sleep quality in women caring for isolated patients at home. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although household consumption contributes to climate change, it can be challenging to comprehend the consequences and effects from a personal perspective. In this paper, we explore the design of physical data visualisations to promote sustainable practices within households. We conducted 15 household design workshops involving household members to explore physical designs and envision the potential use of physical artefacts in the home to promote sustainability behaviours using five low to medium-fidelity prototypes. The findings from these workshops highlight the need to balance aesthetics, abstraction, and the presentation of actionable information in the design of physical artefacts. Based on our findings, we identify key design considerations for future design: (1) including all household members in the design process to reflect the collective goals and values of the home, fostering a sense of ownership and engagement, (2) considering child-friendly design in physical artefacts to promote awareness, education, engagement, and sustainable values in children, (3) and considering nature-based visuals to reduce the mental burden of information overload. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate how the amount of home language use between the primary caregiver and bilingual Spanish- and English-speaking children with hearing loss who use cochlear implants (CIs) versus their bilingual age-matched peers with normal hearing (NH) can impact speech outcomes in the home language. Method: Thirty-four bilingual Spanish- and English-speaking children (17 CI users and 17 with NH) between the ages of 5;3 and 7;9 (years;months) participated in this study. Independent variables were the amount of home language use with the primary caregiver and hearing status, and dependent variables were vowels and consonants correctly produced and occurrence of selected phonological processes. The amount of home language use was ascertained from surveys, and the dependent measures were based on a single-word picture elicitation task. Results: Bilingual children with CIs who are exposed to Spanish for more than 80% of the time via their primary caregiver performed better on Spanish seg-mental accuracy measures than those who are exposed to Spanish from only 20% to 50% of the time, specifically on vowels (partial η² = .31) and consonants (partial η² = .025). Children with NH outperformed children with CIs on all accuracy measures in Spanish. Conclusions: Preliminary results suggest the importance of language exposure through interactions with the primary caregiver for speech development in bilingual children. Future studies should investigate strategies to facilitate home language development in bilingual children with CIs, enabling them to reach their full potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Understanding the characteristics of falls among older adults is necessary to prevent them. These characteristics include questions such as when (month and time), where (places), who (age), what (injury), why (trigger), and how (direction) the falls occur. The objective of this study was to identify the characteristics of falls in individuals aged 65–74 years (young‐old), 75–84 years (old‐old), and ≥85 years (oldest‐old). Methods: We conducted an observational mail survey among community‐dwelling older adults in Japan and collected detailed information on the incidence of falls over the past 3 years. The month, time, location, trigger, direction, and resulting trauma of each fall were analyzed and compared across the different age groups (young‐old, old‐old, and oldest‐old). Results: A total of 1695 falls among 1074 community‐dwelling older adults were analyzed in this study. Falls were frequent during May and October as well as during the winter season from December to February, especially between 10:00 a.m. and 11:00 a.m. These fall characteristics were consistent across all the age groups. There was a higher incidence of outdoor falls among relatively young older adults, which were typically caused by tripping or slipping. However, as one progresses with age, there is a higher incidence of falls indoors, typically due to loss of balance or leg entrapment. Approximately 60% of older fallers experience some form of injury due to falls, with fractures considered the most serious, occurring in ≈10% of all falls. Conclusion: We clarified the characteristics of falls including the "when, where, who, what, why, and how" of the fall. A future challenge is to use this valuable information to develop effective fall prevention programs for older populations worldwide. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 1181–1188. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Family caregivers care for individuals in the home environment. Family caregivers of individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) observe breathlessness in the care recipient. Breathlessness is a main symptom of COPD, and watching breathlessness creates emotional distress and a toll on family caregivers. The purpose of this integrative review was to explore the literature on family caregivers and witnessed breathlessness in individuals with COPD. An understanding of family caregiver experiences of breathlessness will allow for further development of evidence-based practice and research. An integrative review was performed using the five-step process of the Whittemore and Knafl Integrative Review Model. Literature search results were reported using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. An overarching theme of constant care and burden resulted from the 18 studies on family caregivers and witnessed breathlessness in individuals with COPD. Three themes: psychosocial implications of caregivers, response ambiguity, and knowledge of interventions represented family caregivers and breathlessness in the care recipient among the studies. This integrative review provides insight on family caregivers and witnessed breathlessness in individuals with COPD. An understanding of the family caregiver perception of breathlessness in the care recipient can help home healthcare professionals empathize with and offer support specific to the needs of family caregivers of individuals with breathlessness from COPD, heart failure, and other chronic diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Researchers have paid little attention to child supervision in Laos, an ethnically‐diverse country with a community‐informal child protection system, and where many young children are regularly home alone or with another child. To explore what constitutes (in)adequate child supervision and its perceived effects, we conducted individual interviews with community leaders and professionals (n = 23) and focus group discussions with parents/adult caregivers (n = 74) and 12–17 year‐old children (n = 51) in six rural villages in Saravane and Borikhamxay provinces. Adults and children in both provinces described similar understandings and support systems of child supervision. Mothers are the main caregivers of young children, and literate fathers contribute to supervising school‐age children. Grandparents, older siblings and other relatives, teachers, and village authorities contribute substantively to child supervision. The main aims of supervision are child safety, socialization and moral development in cultural context. Parental unavailability due to employment, farming and migration; limited infrastructure; and lack of material resources are the main barriers to adequate supervision and may result in injuries, school dropout, teenage pregnancy and illicit drug use. Understanding the determinants, consequences, and patterns of child supervision across cultural and socio‐economic groups is needed to inform culturally acceptable strategies to support children and families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In situations where parents do not accept support while their family situation is assessed as unsafe (for instance in cases of child abuse and neglect), it is sometimes necessary to offer mandatory support to families. The aim of the current study is to investigate how parents perceive the results of mandatory support from Child Protection Services (CPS) and which elements of the mandatory support parents mark as crucial for the results of the support. In‐depth semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 18 parents. Parents report mixed feelings about the results of the mandatory support. According to parents, reaching alignment with professionals about the problem definition, as well as the aims of CPS at the start of mandatory CPS, is a crucial element contributing to results of CPS. Additionally, the perceived quality of the support (both on the organizational and professional level) is simultaneous important conditions for a positive view on the support of parents. Implications for practice include the importance of multi‐directed partiality of professionals to reach an agreement about the problems definition and the aims of the mandatory CPS involvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The present study aimed to identify the prevalence and predisposing factors of frailty and social inclusion among community‐dwelling older adults. Design: The study was conducted using a cross‐sectional design. Sample: The target population consisted of older adults registered in five family health centers in a city in Turkey. The study was completed with 600 older adults. Measurements: The Tilburg frailty indicator (TFI) and the social inclusion scale were used to collect data. Results: The prevalence of frailty in older adults was 60.5%. Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that the risk of frailty was found to be higher in older adults aged 75 and over (2.5 times), those with low education level (5.8 times), those who were single (2 times), those with chronic diseases (1.8 times), those with unhealthy lifestyle (2.8 times), and those who were dissatisfied with their home living environment (5.9 times). It was found that age, education level, marital status, income, presence of chronic disease, lifestyle, satisfaction with their home living environment, and frailty explained 50% of the variance in social inclusion. Conclusion: The study concluded that most community‐dwelling older adults were frail, and social inclusion was lower in those frail. Age, education level, marital status, lifestyle, presence of chronic disease, and satisfaction with their home living environment were found to be predisposing factors for both frailty and social inclusion. Public health nurses could develop strategies to prevent frailty in older adults and increase activities that encourage participation in social life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Elder Mistreatment (EM) occurs in approximately 10% of older adults and is associated with trauma-related outcomes including depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder, and early mortality. Low screening and older adult self-reporting, especially within emergency departments, represent missed opportunities for identify and mitigate future EM occurrences and consequences. To date, no studies have obtained EM survivors' perspectives on EM screening and response practices in emergency departments. Methods: Semi-structured interviews with 19 EM survivors of those with Adult Protective Services validated EM were completed in older adults' homes. The Elder Mistreatment Emergency Department Screening and Response Tool (EM-SART) was used to guide the interview questions. All interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using qualitative thematic analyses. Results: The participants were mostly female (63%) and white (58%) with an average age of 74 years. Physical abuse accounted for 67% of the EM incidents. Three themes emerged indicating the survivor preference for (1) building rapport and approaching the older adult with compassion and care, (2) setting the context before asking the EM questions, and (3) allowing mutuality, collaborative work, and shared decision-making during the response. Conclusions: Older adults are agreeable and willing to self-report and actively engage in the EM screening and response practices in the emergency department if trauma-informed care principles are utilized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon monoxide is a colourless, tasteless and odourless gas that is a by-product of incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons such as gas or coal. Carbon monoxide poisoning is associated with high levels of mortality and morbidity, although the symptoms of exposure are non-specific and difficult to diagnose. Historically, healthcare professionals who work directly in service users' homes have faced a higher risk of exposure to environments contaminated with carbon monoxide. Despite improved heating engineering and greater protective legislation, there still remains a tangible risk for community nurses and service users, particularly in homes still using open fires, old heating systems and poorly maintained heating appliances. This article provides a scientific summary of carbon monoxide poisoning for nurses working in the community setting. It outlines evidence-based guidance on prevention and initial treatment actions, along with safety instructions to follow in the event of exposure to carbon monoxide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: eHealth-based exercise therapies were developed to increase stroke patients' adherence to home-based motor rehabilitation. However, these eHealth tools face a rapid decrease in use after a couple of weeks. This study investigates stroke patients' motivation for home-based upper extremity rehabilitation with eHealth tools and their relation with Basic Psychological Needs. Materials and methods: This is a qualitative study using thematic analysis. We conducted semi-structured interviews with stroke patients with upper extremity motor impairments, who were discharged home from a rehabilitation centre, after they interacted with a novel eHealth coach demonstrator in their homes for five consecutive days. Results: We included ten stroke patients. Thematic analysis resulted in eight themes for home-based rehabilitation motivation: Curiosity, Rationale, Choice, Optimal challenge, Reference, Encouragement, Social Support and Trustworthiness. Those themes are embedded into three Basic Psychological Needs: "Autonomy", "Competence", and "Relatedness". Conclusion: Eight motivational themes related to the three Basic Psychological Needs describe stroke patients' motivation for home-based upper extremity rehabilitation. We recommend considering those themes when developing a home-based eHealth intervention for stroke patients to increase the alignment of eHealth tools to the patient's needs and reduce motivational decreases in home-based rehabilitation. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION: Stroke patients show motivational decreases and decreased use of eHealth tools in home-based rehabilitation after a couple of weeks. Eight motivational themes describe home-based rehabilitation motivation in stroke patients: Curiosity, Rationale, Choice, Optimal challenge, Reference, Encouragement, Social Support and Trustworthiness. Those themes are embedded into three Basic Psychological Needs: "Autonomy", "Competence", and "Relatedness". Those themes should be considered when developing a home-based eHealth intervention for stroke patients to increase the alignment of eHealth tools to the patient's needs and reduce motivational decreases in home-based rehabilitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To assess the inter-reliability of the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), the 1-min Sit to Stand test (1-MSTS), and the Chester Step Test (CST) via remote assessment in post-COVID-19 patients after hospitalization. Methods: Twenty-five post-COVID-19 patients randomly performed the functional tests via remote assessment using a software platform at home and via face-to-face assessment at the rehabilitation center 24–72 h apart. One day before the remote assessment, all participants had a 1-h guidance session regarding the platform use, safety instructions, and home equipment preparation. Results: Participants completed all tests for both assessment procedures without experience of adverse events. The mean age was 53 (SD = 10) years old, and the median days of hospitalization were 23 (IQR = 10–33). The inter-reliability was moderate for the total score in the SPPB: Cohen's kappa = 0.545 (95% CI: 0.234 to 0.838), excellent for the number of repetitions in the 1-MSTS: ICC = 0.977 (95% CI: 0.948 to 0.990) and good for the total number of steps in the CST: ICC = 0.871 (95% CI: 0.698 to 0.944). Conclusion: Remote functional assessments for SPPB, 1-MSTS, and CST indicated moderate to excellent inter-reliability in post-COVID-19 patients after hospitalization. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION: Functional performance assessment in post-COVID-19 patients is considered important throughout the whole process of rehabilitation. The face-to-face assessment is the standard practice in the rehabilitation clinical setting however, new approaches by distance assessment are proposed when physical attendance is not feasible. The Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), the 1-minute Sit to Stand test (1-MSTS), and the Chester Step Test (CST) showed moderate to excellent reliability when performed remotely at home in post-COVID-19 patients after hospitalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Home Literacy model predicts different outcomes depending on formal and informal literacy practices carried out at home. However, this model does not explicitly consider the potential differences that the media (paper vs. tablets) in which these practices are carried out can have on performance. The present study explored this issue. Participants were 136 children aged 6–7 years old and their parents. The different activities performed at home were analysed through reports of the parents, and children were assessed at school for their reading performance (decoding and comprehension). Results showed how formal practices using traditional materials predicted reading comprehension, but informal practices did not predict any performance measure. The digital home literacy environment showed no impact on reading performance, suggesting that two different environments (paper and digital) might exist, each one of them having differential impacts on performance. Implications for research and education are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of key linguistic abilities is essential for young children and their academic success at school, in particular for children with a migration background who are at a greater risk of developing language deficits. Here, family interactions can provide valuable opportunities to support children's linguistic learning within the Home Literacy Environment (HLE). Although the importance of the HLE for children's language acquisition has often been investigated, research has not focused on specific facets of the HLE and other influencing factors that may be associated with early linguistic abilities such as television exposure (TE). A sample of 190 preschool children (Mage= 63.58 months, SDage = 4.42) was used to analyse the associations of the facets of the HLE and TE with children's early linguistic abilities, namely phonological awareness (PA), vocabulary, and letter knowledge. In particular, this study aims to understand the role of the HLE facets and TE as potential mediators between migration background and children's early linguistic abilities, when controlling for socioeconomical status (SES), children's sex and age. The findings indicate that the association between migration background and children's early linguistic abilities was fully mediated by all four facets of the HLE and by TE. Consequently, these mediators may be good targets for intervention and the support of preschool children's linguistic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adolescent food insecurity is a salient adversity hypothesized to affect neural systems associated with increased impulsive behavior. Family environments shape how adverse experiences influence development. In this study, hypotheses were tested regarding the conjoint effects of food insecurity and family flexibility on impulsivity via alterations in connectivity between regions within the salience and central executive networks. Such alterations are reflected in resting‐state functional connectivity (rsFC) metrics between the anterior insula (AI) and the middle frontal gyrus (MFG). Hypotheses were tested in a longitudinal moderated mediation model with two waves of data from 142 adolescents (Time 1 [T1] Mage = 12.89, SD = 0.85; Time 2 [T2] Mage = 15.01, SD = 1.07). Data on past‐year household food insecurity, family flexibility, and rsFC were obtained at T1. Impulsivity was self‐reported by the adolescent at T1 and T2. Findings revealed that high T1 left‐to‐left rsFC between the AI and MFG was associated with increased impulsivity at T2. The interaction of family flexibility and food insecurity was associated with AI and MFG rsFC. In the context of low family flexibility, food insecurity was linked to high levels of AI and MFG rsFC. Conversely, in the context of optimal family flexibility, food insecurity was associated with low levels of AI and MFG rsFC. Conditional indirect analysis suggests that the links among food insecurity, rsFC, and impulsive behavior depend on family flexibility. Research Highlights: Adolescent food insecurity was associated with anterior insula and middle frontal gyrus connectivity only at certain levels of family flexibility.High family flexibility attenuated the link between food insecurity and neural connectivity, while low levels of family flexibility increased this risk.High left anterior insula and left middle frontal gyrus connectivity was associated with increased impulsivity 1 year later. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To analyse the concept of eating experiences in people living with dementia. Design: Rodgers' evolutionary method of concept analysis was used as a framework for the paper. Data Sources: The literature was searched using electronic databases PubMed, Google Scholar, CINHAL, PsycInfo, Web of Science, Embase and Elsevier databases. These databases cover a variety of disciplines, including but not limited to nursing, medicine and occupational therapy. The relevant literature published from 1989 to April 2023 was thoroughly examined. Any quantitative or qualitative studies published in English focused on eating or dining experiences in people with dementia were included. Review Methods: Rodgers' evolutionary method for concept analysis was used. The attributes, antecedents, consequences and case examples of the concept were identified. Results: Twenty‐two articles met the inclusion criteria, identifying key attributes of self‐connection, the special journey of life and self‐interpretation. Antecedents, as framed by the socio‐ecological model, were categorized to represent intrapersonal (personal preferences, individual culture, mealtime routines), interpersonal (social interaction) and environmental (dining room environment, policies) factors. Consequences were divided into external (nutritional health, physical health and quality of life) and internal (personhood, autonomy and independence, dignity and feeling valued and mental well‐being) domains. Conclusion: A theoretical definition and conceptual model of eating experiences in people living with dementia was developed. The identified attributes, antecedents and consequences can be utilized in nursing education, research and intervention approaches. Impact: This article allows nurses and other healthcare professionals to better understand people living with dementia through the relationship between eating and interpersonal, intrapersonal and environmental aspects to develop personalized interventions and care strategies to achieve an optimal quality of life. Patient or Public Contribution: Not applicable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Family environment, emotion regulation and biological sensitivity have been shown to be associated with adolescents' externalizing problem behaviours. However, findings regarding respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) reactivity are mixed and sometimes contradictory. This study aims to clarify the roles of RSA reactivity and anger regulation in the relationship between negative family expressiveness (NFE) and adolescents' externalizing behaviour by measuring RSA reactivity during the Parent–Adolescent Interaction Task (PAIT), designed to simulate a naturalistic negative family environment. In this study, 125 Chinese adolescents (M = 13.95 years, SD = 0.95; 48% male) completed questionnaires assessing negative family expressiveness, anger regulation and externalizing problems. Additionally, we collected electrocardiogram and respiration data during both the resting period and a 10‐min PAIT. Results showed that anger regulation mediated the relationship between NFE and externalizing problem behaviours. Moreover, adolescents' RSA reactivity moderated this mediation effect, even after controlling for baseline RSA. Greater RSA suppression potentially indicated greater susceptibility, with the relationship between NFE and anger regulation being more pronounced in adolescents with greater RSA suppression compared to those with lesser RSA suppression. These findings highlight the importance of considering physiological systems, especially within the context of adverse family environments, when studying the relationships with externalizing problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although socioeconomic disadvantage is linked with academic underachievement, many children from low‐income backgrounds perform well in school. Which modifiable factors predict this academic resilience? We examine between‐ and within‐person predictors of one important academic metric – mathematics performance – across adolescence in 1715 (796 male, 919 female) youth living in poverty in Ireland, using data from three waves (9, 13, and 17/18 years) of the Growing Up in Ireland study. Using linear mixed models, math performance was worse when adolescents had more socioemotional and behavioural difficulties, more child–parent relationship conflict, parents had lower expectations of the adolescent's educational achievement, and when primary caregivers had less education. Adolescents who had better intellectual self‐concept and attended a non‐disadvantaged school had greater math performance. This research adds to the growing body of work suggesting academic resilience is dynamic and multisystemic; it provides potential targets at multiple levels to promote such resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Subsequent to the introduction of compulsory relationships and health education in primary schools and relationships and sex education and health education (RSHE) in secondary schools in England from 2020, this paper examines the attitudes of parents towards school- and home-based RSHE. Using data from a survey of parents (n = 849) of children at 37 independent schools in England and Wales, we analysed parental attitudes towards school-parent communication about RSHE, the teaching of RSHE in school, and their own communication with their children about relationships and sex at home, exploring perceived barriers and use of resources. We found significant parental support for school-based RSHE, alongside some concerns, as well as uncertainty and embarrassment as barriers to parent-child communication about relationships and sex at home, indicating the need for schools to strengthen school-parent partnership in this area, and to encourage parents to talk to their children at home in tandem with what is being taught in school. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, protection and isolation measures established by the Canadian and Quebec governments have directly affected the work of health and social professionals (HSPs). These measures have added pressure on HSPs, complexified their work and added tasks to their already busy workload. However, few studies have explored in depth the impacts of the pandemic on HSPs working with people with disabilities. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to qualitatively explore the experiences of HSPs working among people with disabilities in the province of Quebec, Canada, during the COVID-19 pandemic (January and February 2021), including the impact on their work, the relationships with their colleagues, and on their immediate social and familial environment. METHODS: HSPs participated in a semi-structured interview. A mixed thematic analysis approach, combining inductive and deductive coding, was carried out using N'Vivo 12. RESULTS: Fifty-five HSPs participated in the interviews (mean [SD] age, 42 [9]). They mostly identified as women (91%). Three main themes representing the impacts of the pandemic were identified, including 1) Health and Well-being; 2) Family and social networks including the subthemes; 2.1) Fear of being a vector of contamination for their loved ones; 2.2) Work-family balance; 2.3) Social Network, and finally 3) Work, highlighting, including 3.1) Workload and adaptative strategies developed; 3.2) Relationship with colleagues; 3.3) Perceived support received at work, and 3.4) Services offered to patients. CONCLUSIONS: These findings highlight the importance of closely tracking and supporting the well-being of HSPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Ways to help older adults overcome barriers to performing regular exercise is a challenge to nurses. Objective: The study evaluated the acceptability of a portable exercise bike for arm/foot pedaling among older patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Methods: Participants reported their physical activity levels using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (short form) and thereafter performed two 6-minute-long arm/foot pedal biking sessions using a portable exercise bike. Participants provided qualitative feedback (one open-ended question) on the bike while exercising and completed the quantitative Acceptability Use Questionnaire following the two exercise sessions. Results: Twenty-five older adults (52% male and 48% female), with a mean (SD) age of 70 (6.4) years and a body mass index of 30 (7.4), completed the study. Most participants performed moderate to light physical activity at home with a daily mean (SD) sitting/sedentary time of 8 (3.4) hours. The mean scores from the Acceptability Use Questionnaire and the participants' comments alluded to the bike's multitasking utility and acceptability. Three broad themes derived from the qualitative analysis were: (1) the acceptability of the bike with participants who had musculoskeletal problems; (2) the ability to operate and use the bike for aerobic exercise engaging both arms and legs; and (3) the importance of overall utility, ease of use, and cost of the bike. Conclusions: The portable exercise bike was found acceptable in a group of older adults with CVDs. The bike has the potential to be applied in home-based exercise interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The text explores the evolution of U.S. suburbs from being perceived as havens of privilege before the 1960s to facing challenges in the 1970s and 1980s due to increasing fears of environmental and societal threats. The disappearance of children like Etan Patz and Adam Walsh heightened these fears, leading to increased surveillance and security measures in suburban neighborhoods. The COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 saw a resurgence of suburban privilege as many people moved from cities to suburbs, impacting housing availability and affordability. The text suggests that addressing housing affordability in suburbs requires innovative solutions and public policy interventions. [Extracted from the article]

This study investigated relationships among home reading practices, shared book reading (SBR) behaviors, and child literacy outcomes in young children with cochlear implants in Baltimore, Maryland. Parents (N =18) completed a home reading questionnaire and recorded themselves reading books with their children at home. Shared book reading sessions were coded for interactive reading behaviors. Children's early language skills and literacy skills were also assessed. We explored variability in these behaviors with regard to demographic characteristics and type of book; these exploratory analyses revealed that parents used more literacy teaching techniques when reading the wordless picture book and that parent interaction and engagement and literacy teaching techniques were more frequent with younger children than with older children. While many families frequently used interactive reading behaviors, our analysis did not find significant relationships between the parent behaviors and children's literacy scores. However, there was an interaction between the amount of reading and cochlear implant experience such that more cochlear implant experience was associated with better reading outcomes only for the group of children who received more reading time. In a sample of young children with cochlear implants, reading time, cochlear implant experience, and child language skills were better predictors of reading outcomes than parents' frequency of SBR behaviors alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Report on Chinese Adolescent Tobacco Use 2023 announces a year-on-year decline in the prevalence of smoking in Chinese teenagers. Nevertheless, the hazards of tobacco products to the physical and mental health of this population remain a concerning issue. This study is an encapsulation of factors influencing the smoking behavior of Chinese adolescents based on a review of relevant literature. Personal characteristics such as gender, age, psychological traits, lifestyle, and perceptions of tobacco use, along with environmental factors like the family environment, circle of friends, and school climate, can all potentially influence a teenager's smoking behavior. A thorough examination of these factors can provide implications for advancing the regulation of teenager tobacco use and improving the work on adolescent health protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This study aimed to explore the relationship between family function and altruistic behavior in adolescents, while also investigating the potential mediating roles of extraverted personality and perceived social support. Methods: Surveys were administered to high school students across various schools in Guangdong Province, utilizing the Family APGAR Questionnaire, Extraversion Personality Scale, Perceived Social Support Scale, and Altruistic Behavior Scale. A total of 972 valid questionnaires were collected for analysis. Results: The findings revealed that family function did not directly predict altruistic behavior. However, extraverted personality and perceived social support were identified as mediators between family function and altruistic behavior. Furthermore, both extraverted personality and perceived social support acted as chain mediators in this relationship. Discussion: These results emphasize the importance of considering family dynamics in understanding adolescent altruistic behavior and highlight the potential pathways through which family function influences altruistic tendencies. Promoting positive family environments and enhancing extraverted personality and perceived social support may facilitate the cultivation of altruistic behavior in adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Evidence from low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) suggests that home environment is associated with early childhood development outcomes. However, studies from LMIC that have examined how the home environment during middle childhood is associated with intellectual abilities are scarce. The objective of the study was to explore the association between different aspects of the home environment at 7–8 years and fluid reasoning abilities in a rural, high-risk cohort in Pakistan. Methods: We employed a cross-sectional research design to examine 1172 children between 7 and 8 years and their families, utilizing the Home Observation for Measurement of Environment for Middle Childhood (HOME-MC) to evaluate various aspects of the home environment and the Fluid Reasoning Index (FRI) of the Wechsler Intelligence for Children (WISC)-5th edition to assess the fluid reasoning abilities of the children. Multivariable regression analyses were used to examine the association between different components of HOME-MC (scored as indices) and FRI scores. Findings: Learning materials and opportunities (β = 1.74, 95% CI = 1.15, 2.33) and Responsivity (β = 1.73, 95% CI = 1.07, 2.38) indices had the strongest association with FRI score followed by Family companionship index (β = 1.27, 95% CI = 0.63, 1.90). The eight different indices of the HOME-DC explained 22% of the total variation in FRI scores. Conclusion: We conclude that concurrent learning opportunities, parental responsivity and family companionship at home are associated with fluid reasoning abilities during middle childhood which is comparable to what has been found in early childhood years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pressure on healthcare systems to address growing population needs is forcing services to adapt, which includes supporting acute patients in the community. One emerging service in the United Kingdom that offers this level of treatment is "Hospital at Home" (HaH). Self‐management support is an area of particular importance in this context considering that acute treatment is provided in a community setting with limited input and monitoring by healthcare professionals. There is currently limited understanding about the range of formal and informal support and resources needed and accessed by patients in such circumstances, and whether and how HaH professionals engage with the everyday contexts and the network members of patients. Semistructured interviews were conducted with nurses (n = 9) from a single Hospital at Home site to further understand their experiences of providing acute treatments in the context of patients' homes; and how self‐management and social network support roles are perceived. Thematic analysis was used and four themes were identified: The value of prioritising illness work at home within a discourse of person-centered care; the work involved in the "naturally" therapeutic environment of the home; partners as key members of the informal care team; limited awareness and engagement with (in)formal networks. Findings demonstrate tensions between discourses where nurses idealise the value of the home and a holistic service provision, while in practice prioritising illness (over relational, emotional, and practical) work and delivering a service that is routinised, and time‐ and cost‐efficient. Nurses recognise the positive role of network members for illness management in the context of people's everyday life, but awareness and engagement are limited to partners and the formal services that HaH staffs are familiar with. Developing a better understanding of the role of social networks (SNs) in supporting people with acute needs at home can help improve patient experiences and care and HaH services, especially for people who are vulnerable, with complex needs, living alone, and with limited access to resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate relationships among parental self‐efficacy, home learning activities, and children's socioemotional and language skills for preschool children. Background: Higher parental self‐efficacy is often related to better child skills and with more home learning activities. However, the relationships between parental self‐efficacy, home learning activities, and children's skills have not yet been investigated. Method: The path models draw on data from 727 parents of preschool children (full sample: 85.1% female, 50.9% employed, 24.8% non‐German family language) and a subsample of 108 parents of preschool children who soon transition to elementary school in Germany. The self‐report data come from the German evaluation study "Language Daycare Centers." Results: We found significant positive links among (a) general parental self‐efficacy with home learning activities and children's language skills, (b) language supporting parental self‐efficacy with home learning activities and children's socioemotional skills, and (c) a negative link between language supporting parental self‐efficacy and children's socioemotional problems. Conclusion: The more self‐efficacious parents felt, the more often they offered home learning activities and the higher they rated their children's language skills at age 5 years. Implication: The findings highlight the importance of parental self‐efficacy for engaging with children and the positive parental assessment of children's skills. Promoting parental self‐efficacy might stimulate home learning activities and improve the home learning environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author invites us to accompany her from sun up to sun down as she shares the routines that create a sustaining environment for her family. She describes the assistive devices modifications to her home and vehicle and the strong care network that enable her to mother and to celebrate the wonder of living and thriving with her daughter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Need for Cognition has been established as a key intellectual investment trait shaping students' academic development. However, little is yet known about its malleability, particularly in youth. This study investigated stability and change in Need for Cognition in a large longitudinal sample of 3409 adolescents from 166 classes in 27 schools in Flanders. Participants reported on their Need for Cognition in Grades 7, 8, 11 and 12. First, the latent rank-order stability of Need for Cognition between Grades 7 and 11 was found to be r = 0.50. This stability was of a similar magnitude to that of the Big Five personality traits observed in the same sample and larger than that of academic intrinsic motivation. Second, trajectories of Need for Cognition over time were found to vary between individuals. In particular, three trajectory classes could be identified, differentiated mainly by the initial level of Need for Cognition (i.e., a low, medium, and high trajectory). Finally, cognitive ability, cognitive stimulation at home, and parental autonomy support, but not parental educational level, were associated with higher odds of belonging to the high Need for Cognition trajectory and lower odds of belonging to the low Need for Cognition trajectory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current solutions that rely on a single-server architecture have privacy, anonymity, integrity, and confidentiality limitations. Blockchain-based solutions can address some of these issues but face challenges regulating behaviour and protecting access policy privacy. This study proposes a new approach to securing a smart home environment to overcome these limitations.The proposed architecture is based on a group signature scheme, which allows multiple IoT devices to securely exchange keys and authenticate each other without needing a central authority. Our experimental results indicate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed architecture and provide insights into its security and privacy features compared to existing IoT authentication methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Literature has shown that the intergenerational transmission of cognitive abilities is stronger for children raised in more advantaged environments. However, there has never been an empirical investigation of this pattern in China. This study examines differences in the intergenerational transmission of cognitive capabilities among mothers and young children in urban and rural subpopulations in China and investigates whether these differences are driven by differences in parental investment in the home environment. Design/methodology/approach: Data collected from randomly selected 6- to 36-month-old babies and their mothers in a Northwestern province in China was used. Child capabilities were assessed by the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (3rd edition). Maternal intelligence quotient (IQ) scores were assessed with the Raven's Progressive Matrices test. The non-parametric regression methods were used to construct the factor scores of child capabilities. The ordinary least squares (OLS) models were employed to investigate the relations between child cognition, maternal IQ and parental investment. Findings: In urban households, where most children are raised in a positive home environment, child cognitive scores are strongly correlated with maternal IQ. In rural households, where parental investments are lower and more variable, child cognitive scores are not significantly correlated with maternal IQ but are predicted by differences in parental investments in a cognitively stimulating home environment. Originality/value: This study provides a unique contribution by utilizing rural–urban disparities in China as a unique natural experiment to investigate differences in the transmission of cognitive capabilities across socioeconomic status (SES). It also provides the first empirical evidence of SES differences in the intergenerational transmission of cognitive capabilities in a developing country. This study reveals that intergenerational mother–child cognition associations are disrupted by poor parental investment in rural households but not in urban households. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Many individuals with advanced dementia die in hospital, despite preferring home death. Existing evidence of factors affecting their place of death is inconsistent. To inform policies/practices for meeting needs/preferences, systematically establishing the evidence is pertinent, particularly given the exponential rise in advanced dementia prevalence. Aim: To identify factors influencing where people with advanced dementia die. Design and data sources: This systematic review with meta-analysis was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42022366722). Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO, SocINDEX and a grey literature database, Overton, were searched on 21/12/2022, supplemented by hand-searching/citation tracking. Papers reporting quantitative data on factors associated with place of death in advanced dementia were included and appraised using QualSyst. Data were analysed using random effects with the certainty of evidence determined using the GRADE criteria. Results: Thirty-three papers involving >5 million individuals (mean age = 89.2 years) were included. Long-term care setting deaths were relatively common but hospice deaths were rarer. Marriage's association with home death underscores social networks' importance, while younger age's and male gender's associations with hospital death demonstrate patients' and families' interdependency. Pneumonia/COPD's opposing effects on hospital deaths with cancer/functional impairment highlight the challenges of advanced dementia care. Unlike hospital/nursing home bed availability's lack of effect, capitated funding (fixed-amount-per-patient-per-period) decreased hospital death likelihood. Conclusion: This comprehensive review of place of death determinants highlight the profound challenges of advanced dementia end-of-life care. Given that bed capacity did not affect place of death, a capitation-based, integrated palliative care model would appear more likely to meet patients' needs in a resource-constrained environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The strategies to control scabies in highly endemic populations include individual case/household management and mass drug administration (MDA). We used a decision-analytic model to compare ivermectin-based MDA and individual case/household management (referred to as "usual care") for control of scabies in Ethiopia at different prevalence thresholds for commencing MDA. Methods: A decision-analytic model was based on a repeated population survey conducted in Northern Ethiopia in 2018-2020, which aimed to evaluate the secondary impact of single-dose ivermectin MDA for the control of onchocerciasis on scabies prevalence. The model estimates the number of scabies cases and costs of two treatment strategies (MDA and usual care) based on their effectiveness, population size, scabies prevalence, compliance with MDA, medication cost, and other parameters. Results: In the base-case analysis with a population of 100,000 and scabies prevalence of 15%, the MDA strategy was both more effective and less costly than usual care. The probability of MDA being cost-effective at the current costeffectiveness threshold (equivalent to the cost of usual care) was 85%. One-way sensitivity analyses showed that the MDA strategy remained dominant (less costly and more effective) in 22 out of 26 scenarios. MDA was not cost-effective at scabies prevalence <10%, MDA effectiveness <85% and population size <5,000. An increase in the cost of ivermectin from 0 (donated) to 0.54 US$/dose resulted in a decrease in the probability of MDA being cost-effective from 85% to 17%. At 0.25 US$/dose, the MDA strategy was no longer cost-effective. Conclusions: The model provides robust estimates of the costs and outcomes of MDA and usual care and can be used by decision-makers for planning and implementing scabies control programmes. Results of our analysis suggest that single-dose ivermectin MDA is cost-effective in scabies control and can be initiated at a scabies prevalence >10%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This present study examined relations among parental math attitudes, expectations, and practice, and preschool children's math achievement (i.e., parental math practice as a mediator) that may differ between Korean and U.S. samples. We examined measurement invariance to minimize the bias and inaccurate estimates in scores in two samples, which is a common barrier in cross-cultural studies. The Korean sample comprised 232 children (mean age = 54.58 months) and their parents from large urban cities and two other provinces. The U.S. sample included 146 preschool children (mean age = 52.49 months) and their parents in an urban area. We utilized measurement invariance to investigate whether the parental math practice has the same meaning across the two samples, along with mediation group comparisons. U.S. parents tended to have more positive math attitudes and higher expectations, while Korean parents were likely to be more involved in math practice with children at home. Korean children scored significantly higher on math achievement than the U.S. children. Among the Korean sample, higher parental math expectations were associated with higher levels of parental math practice, which was, in turn, associated with higher levels of child math outcomes after controlling for child age and SES. On the contrary, parental math expectations were unrelated to their math practice or child math outcomes in the U.S. sample. Parent math attitudes were not associated with any variables in both samples. These findings explain Asian math advantages that emerge early and offer insights into cultural processes (i.e., the importance of parental math practice) that may play a different role in children's math outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Socio-emotional skills, vital for navigating life's challenges, significantly influence educational success and well-being. Thus, socio-economic disparities in these skills may contribute to broader inequalities in achievement. Despite their importance, research in certain contexts, like France, remains limited. Self-efficacy, a cornerstone of socio-emotional well-being, develops early and it is influenced by familial and contextual factors. The primary school years are central for self-efficacy development. During this period, socio-economic gaps in self-efficacy may emerge, influenced by family environments and experiences at school. Using data from the 2011 Panel of Pupils we find that French pupils have similar academic selfefficacy whatever their socio-economic background at the start of primary school. However, at the end of primary school, children coming from more disadvantaged socio-economic backgrounds exhibit lower academic self-efficacy as compared to more advantaged peers, and this socio-economic gap is particularly strong among girls. The findings of this work underscore the need for educational policies to focus on socio-emotional skills development alongside cognitive skills from an early age to reduce socio-economic inequalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Time in healthcare facilities is associated with worse patient quality of life (QoL); however, impact on family caregiver QoL is unknown. We evaluate care recipient days not at home—days in the emergency department (ED), inpatient (IP) care, and post‐acute care (PAC)—to understand how care recipient days not at home correspond to family caregiver QoL. Methods: Secondary data were linked to care recipient utilization data. Elastic net machine learning models were used to evaluate the impact of a single day of utilization in each setting on binary QoL outcomes. We also compared composite weighted and unweighted "days not at home" variables. Two time periods, 6 and 18 months, were used to predict three caregiver QoL measures (self‐rated health, depressive symptoms, and subjective burden). Results: In the 6‐month timeframe, a single day of ED utilization was associated with increased likelihood of poor QoL for all three assessed outcomes (range: 1.4%–3.2%). A day of PAC was associated to a modest degree with increased likelihood of caregiver burden (0.2%) and depressive symptoms (0.1%), with a slight protective effect for self‐rated health (−0.1%). An IP day had a slight protective effect (−0.2 to −0.1%). At 18 months, ED and IP had similar, albeit more muted, relationships with caregiver burden and depressive symptoms. PAC had a slight protective effect for caregiver burden (−0.1%). Cumulative days in all settings combined generally was not associated with caregiver QoL. Conclusion: Whereas total care recipient time away from home had some negative spillovers to family caregivers, the countervailing effects of unique settings on caregiver QoL may mask net QoL effects. This finding limits the utility of a single care recipient home time measure as a valid caregiver‐centered measure. Considering cumulative care recipient time in individual settings separately may be needed to reveal the true net effects on caregiver QoL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The racial and ethnic diversification of the U.S. population has transformed the demographic makeup of communities and rapidly increased exposure to diversity in American neighborhoods. Although diversity exposure occurs throughout people's daily lives, the conventional approach to describing diversity only at places of residence potentially understates the full extent of this phenomenon. In this study, we explore short-term, within-day changes in the diversity of different neighborhoods by considering U.S. workers' work and residential locations. Using estimates for daytime and nighttime populations among metropolitan census tracts, our empirical analyses investigate the extent to which the process of daytime mobility for work relates to changes in the racial and ethnic diversity of different spaces. Our results indicate widespread daily shifts toward diversity for most neighborhood types, especially those with residential (nighttime) populations that are predominantly Black, Latino, or Asian. We find that patterns of intraday diversification experienced minor declines across recent decades but are present in most metropolitan areas. Our findings also show that intraday changes in racial and ethnic diversity overlap with nonracial forms of daily diversity change. Further, average within-day changes in diversity are more pronounced in areas with greater residential segregation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To synthesize and appraise the evidence regarding the relationship between food insecurity and behaviours associated with dental caries development in adults and children in high‐income countries. Methods: A systematic review including observational studies assessing the association between food insecurity and selected dietary (free sugar consumption) and non‐dietary factors (tooth brushing frequency; use of fluoridated toothpaste; dental visiting; oral hygiene aids; type of toothbrush used; interdental cleaning frequency and mouthwash use) related to dental caries development in adults and children in high‐income countries. Studies specifically looking at food insecurity during the COVID‐19 pandemic were excluded. Searches were performed in MEDLINE, Embase, Global Health and Scopus from inception to 25 May 2023. Two authors screened the search results, extracted data and appraised the studies independently and in duplicate. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (with modifications for cross‐sectional studies). Vote counting and harvest plots provided the basis for evidence synthesis. Results: Searches identified 880 references, which led to the inclusion of 71 studies with a total of 526 860 participants. The majority were cross‐sectional studies, conducted in the USA and reported free sugar consumption. Evidence for the association between food insecurity and free sugar intake from 4 cohort studies and 61 cross‐sectional studies including 336 585 participants was equivocal, particularly in the sugar‐sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption post‐hoc subgroup, where 20 out of 46 studies reported higher SSB consumption in food insecure individuals. There was consistent, but limited, evidence for reduced dental visiting in adults experiencing food insecurity compared to food secure adults from 3 cross‐sectional studies including 52 173 participants. The relationship between food insecurity and dental visiting in children was less clear (3 cross‐sectional studies, 138 102 participants). A single cross‐sectional study of 3275 children reported an association between food insecurity and reported failure to toothbrush the previous day. Conclusions: This review did not identify clear associations between food insecurity and behaviours commonly implicated in the development of dental caries that would explain why individuals experiencing food insecurity are more likely to have dental caries than those who have food security. There was some evidence of decreased dental visiting in adults experiencing food insecurity. Common methodological weaknesses across the evidence base related to the selection of participants or control of potentially confounding variables. Consequently, the quality of evidence for all outcomes was downgraded to very low. More research is needed to explore access to oral hygiene products and household environments conducive to habitual oral self‐care in food insecure populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The findings presented here are from a qualitative research study, adopting creative research methods with seven children to provide an in-depth understanding of their lived experience of living with Parental substance misuse (PSM). The children's data were analysed using interpretive phenomenological analysis. The research also included focus groups with twenty-two professionals which added further understanding to the children's experiences. Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory was adopted as a framework to structure the research data from the micro to the macrosystem. Key messages identified the need for children living with PSM to be seen and heard and offered specialist support in their own right. The children experienced multiple risk factors, which were often enduring, and did not reduce as they grew older. This research provided an understanding of the complex needs of children and the risk factors which reach beyond their immediate home environment. This article argues for change, including improved training for front line practitioners, specialist service provision for children not reliant on their parents' engagement, and for policy change and financial resources for their implementation. It is proposed that this would bridge the gap between research and practice and lead to improved outcomes for children living with PSM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emotion regulation is one of the important skills helping children and parents to deal with stressful conditions within the family context during the pandemic. We aimed to investigate whether mothers' emotion regulation strategies before COVID-19 and their COVID-19-related anxiety would predict children's sadness regulation during the pandemic with a longitudinal design. A total of 310 children, aged 7–17, and their mothers from Türkiye participated in the current study. Maternal reappraisal and suppression did not predict children's sadness regulation skills. Maternal COVID-19-related anxiety positively predicted children's inhibition during the pandemic over and above maternal emotion regulation skills and children's pre-pandemic sadness regulation skills. Age also predicted children's inhibition levels, such that as children got older, their inhibition levels increased. Findings highlight the importance of the emotional climate of the family environment during the pandemic for emotional development in the Turkish context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The home language environment is a significant correlate of early childhood development outcomes; however, less is known about this mechanism in rural and peri-urban China where rates of developmental delay are as high as 52%. This study examines associations between the home language environment and child development in a sample of 158 children (58% boys) aged 18–24 months (Mage = 21.5) from rural and peri-urban households in Western China. Results show a significant association between adult-child conversation count and language development, suggesting the home language environment may be a mechanism for child development in rural and peri-urban China. 22.5% of the sample were at risk of language delay. Mother's employment and child's age were significant factors in the home language environment. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: This research investigates the links between the home language environment and ECD in rural and peri-urban communities in China. This study shows significant positive associations between measures of the home language environment and language development outcomes, as well as with overall ECD outcomes. Adult-child conversations were more important for language development outcomes than was the number of adult words spoken. Female-initiated conversations were more important than child-initiated conversations for language development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explored specificity in the associations between early poverty and preschoolers' behavioral and attentional regulation. In particular, there was an emphasis on delineating contextual factors (i.e., material hardship and household chaos) and parenting processes (i.e., maternal aggravation and maternal acceptance) as sequential mechanisms. The sample included 2850 families from the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study. Results suggested that early poverty in infancy (age one) was associated with behavioral regulation and attentional regulation in preschool years (age five). Material hardship mediated the link between early poverty and behavioral regulation, while household chaos mediated the link between early poverty and attentional regulation. Additionally, maternal aggravation mediated the association between material hardship and behavioral regulation, while maternal acceptance mediated the associations between household chaos and attentional and behavioral regulation. Findings informed targeted interventions to alleviate hardship and chaos and promote positive parenting practices to bolster children's self-regulation. Highlights: Early poverty in infancy was associated with preschoolers' behavioral regulation and attentional regulation. Material hardship mediated the link between early poverty and behavioral regulation. Household chaos mediated the link between early poverty and attentional regulation. Maternal aggravation mediated the association between material hardship and behavioral regulation. Maternal acceptance mediated the associations between household chaos and attentional and behavioral regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]