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Based on the institutional perspective and socioemotional wealth (SEW) theory, this paper examines the impact of state logic, which is prevalent in the institutional environments of emerging markets, on the intrafamily succession intention (IFSI) of family firms. We posit that state logic shapes the set of institutional arrangements that constrain the family-centered socioemotional goals of family firms. Thus, the prevalence of a dominant state logic is negatively related to the probability of family business owners holding IFSI. However, the political power of owners can be leveraged to alleviate and even reverse this negative relationship. Moreover, the influence of political power is pronounced in settings with underdeveloped market institutions but not in those with developed ones. An empirical analysis of 774 fully family-controlled Chinese companies considering intrafamily succession substantiates our hypotheses. Plain English Summary: How does family firm succession respond to the state logic prevalent in emerging markets? State-dominated institutional environments are found to be related to family business owners lacking the inclination for intrafamily succession. We suggest family firms seek political power or operate in a favorable business environment to protect their emotional wealth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate aircraft turnaround time prediction is an important way to coordinate the operation time of airport ground service and improve the efficiency of airport operation. In this paper, by analyzing the aircraft turnaround operation process, a description model based on Time Transition Petri Net is proposed. The model describes the flight turnaround operation process and the logical relationship of the operation. According to the model, a dynamic prediction method of turnaround time based on Bayesian theorem is designed. According to the actual landing time of the flight, the aircraft turnaround time is predicted. The specific method is to obtain the prior probability distribution and joint distribution law of each operation link according to the flight history data, and use Shapiro-Wilke to test the prior probability distribution of each link. Based on the analysis and comparison between the actual turnaround data of a large airport in China and the forecast data proposed in this paper, the root-mean-square error 3.75 minutes and the mean absolute error 3.40 minutes can be calculated. This paper contributes to the improvement of flight punctuality rate and airport clearance level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid development of internet technology has enabled organizations to implement flexible work arrangements (FWA) on a large scale. The COVID-19 global pandemic has further intensified this trend, making FWA a vital aspect of HRM to maintain organizational operations. Therefore, it is imperative to understand the causes of FWA utilization and implement effective strategies to achieve optimal outcomes. We propose a framework for FWA utilization antecedents based on the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model and test it using meta-analysis. Drawing on 104 studies (108 independent samples) with 1,034,603 participants, we examine the relationship between FWA utilization and its job-related antecedents. Our findings generally support the expected relationships across two categories of FWA antecedents, namely job resources and job demands. We also identify demographics and masculinity/femininity culture as moderators that influence these relationships. Finally, we discuss the theoretical and practical implications to guide HR managers in developing effective FWA strategies that meet the needs of both employees and organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The design and development of organic solid-state luminescent materials stand as crucial pillars within the realm of contemporary photofunctional materials. Overcoming challenges such as concentration quenching and achieving tailored luminescent properties necessitates a judicious approach to molecular structure design and the strategic utilization of diverse stimuli to modulate molecular packing patterns. Among the myriad candidates, α-cyanodiarylethenes (CAEs) emerge with distinctive solid-state luminescent attributes, capable of forming self-assembled packing structures with varying degrees of π–π stacking. This characteristic endows them with potential in the field of intelligent molecular responsive materials and optoelectronic devices. This tutorial review embarks on an exploration of design strategies geared towards attaining tunable solid-state emission through customized packing of CAEs. It explores the utilization of stimuli responses, including such as mechanical forces, light irradiation, solvent interactions, thermal influences, as well as the utilization of co-assembly methodologies. The overarching aim of this review is to provide a widely applicable platform fostering the flourishing development of modern organic photofunctional materials through integrating principles of molecular engineering, organic optoelectronics, and materials science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine and triethylene tetramine were used as N source and boric acid as B source to prepare different precursors to directly high temperature ammonolysis polymerize borocarbonitrides (BCN-x, recorded as BCN-EDA, BCN-DETA and BCN-TETA, respectively). XRD, SEM, TEM, XPS, UV-Vis, and PL were used to analyze the chemical composition, morphology, and optical properties of samples. And the photocatalytic CO2 reduction performance of BCN-x samples was assessed without compromising agents and cocatalysts. The results show that all the prepared samples have lamellar structure, and BCN-EDA represents higher crystallinity and higher photocarrier separation efficiency. Under visible light irradiation at 350-780 nm, the produced BCN-x can reduce CO2 to CO and CH4, and BCN-EDA has the best photocatalytic CO2 reduction performance, with a CO yield of 32.20 µmoL/g and the photocatalytic stability can be maintained within 20 h. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flight delay identification is an important way to coordinate the operation time of airport ground service providers and improve the efficiency of airport operations. By analyzing the flight turnaround operation process, considering the randomness and synchronization of the turnaround process, and using Colored Petri Nets and Python (4.0.1), we explore the correlation between various links in the flight turnaround process and the take-off delay at the next station. This paper is committed to improving the service performance of airports and airlines, dynamically predicting flight delays, and providing guidance for avoiding excessive time in the actual operation of bad combinations. The results show that there are six kinds of bad combinations in the departure slip-out link, which is the most likely to affect the transit time. The maximum lifting degree in the bad combination is 2.043, and the maximum average delay time in the bad combination is 22.5 min. When the combination of passenger boarding and departure slip-out time is too long, it has a great positive correlation with delay. When the other links are in a state of being able to pass the station on time, the departure time and baggage loading and unloading are the two links that most affect the flight delay value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Particle segregation and mixing behavior play a crucial role in industrial processes. This study investigates the saturated jetsam fraction, which indicates the maximum capacity of flotsam to entrain jetsam, in an initially separated binary fluidized bed with particle size differences. According to the value of saturated jetsam fraction, three distinct regimes—segregation, mixing, and an intermediate regime—are identified. Moreover, intriguing relationships between the saturated jetsam fraction and superficial gas velocity are observed, exhibiting monotonic trends in both the segregation and mixing regimes, while a unique volcano-shaped curve in the intermediate regime. Additionally, a comprehensive entrainment model based on two-fluid model elucidates the observed phenomena, emphasizing the significance of mixing behavior in fluidized layer on the saturated jetsam fraction. This work offers potential insights for evaluating segregation in industrial applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To study the characteristics of nasal airflow in the presence of nasal cycle by computational fluid dynamics. CT scan data of a healthy Chinese individual was used to construct a three-dimensional model of the nasal cavity to be used as simulation domain. A sinusoidal airflow velocity is set at the nasal cavity entrance to reproduce the breathing pattern of a healthy human. There was a significant difference in the cross-sectional area between the two sides of the nasal cavity. Particularly, the decongested side is characterized by a larger cross-section area, and consequently, by a larger volume with respect to the congested side. The airflow velocity, pressure, and nasal resistance were higher on the congested narrow side. The temperature regulation ability on the congested narrow side was stronger than that on the decongested wider side. During the nasal cycle, there are differences in the nasal cavity function between the congested and decongested sides. Therefore, when evaluating the impact of various factors on nasal cavity function, the nasal cycle should be considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Large‐scale photocatalytic water‐splitting panel reactor system is developed and demonstrated its commercial feasibility. However, water scarcity is one of the leading challenges for the sustainable development of photocatalytic hydrogen generation in a well‐lit area. Here, a water harvesting form air‐photothermal water evaporation‐photocatalytic hydrogen evolution (AWPH) system is devised. The hybrid system comprising carbonized wood (CWx) combined with the hygroscopic salt ZnCl2 and Pt‐modified g‐C3N4 nanosheets (Pt‐CN) as a photocatalyst is developed, in which the carbonized wood has a vertical pore structure that can provide attachment sites for the hygroscopic salt. The water adsorbed by ZnCl2 is driven along the vertical pore channels to the photocatalyst due to the photothermal conversion effect. The bi‐phase interfaces of vapor/photocatalyst/hydrogen produced by the photothermal‐photocatalytic system significantly reduce the interface barrier and substantially lower the resistance to hydrogen transport. CW550 exhibited a water uptake of 0.56 g g−1 and hydrogen yield of 21.99 µmol cm−2 under 100 mW cm−2 illumination at a flow rate of 2 mL min−1 for 5 h and a half at atmospheric pressure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is an effective phenolic antioxidant that can scavenge hydroxyl radicals and superoxide anions. Herein, the protective effects and mechanisms leading to CGA‐induced porcine parthenogenetic activation (PA) in early‐stage embryos were investigated. Our results showed that 50 μM CGA treatment during the in vitro culture (IVC) period significantly increased the cleavage and blastocyst formation rates and improved the blastocyst quality of porcine early‐stage embryos derived from PAs. Then, genes related to zygotic genome activation (ZGA) were identified and investigated, revealing that CGA can promote ZGA in porcine PA early‐stage embryos. Further analysis revealed that CGA treatment during the IVC period decreased the abundance of reactive oxygen species (ROS), increased the abundance of glutathione and enhanced the activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase in porcine PA early‐stage embryos. Mitochondrial function analysis revealed that CGA increased mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP levels and upregulated the mitochondrial homeostasis‐related gene NRF‐1 in porcine PA early‐stage embryos. In summary, our results suggest that CGA treatment during the IVC period helps porcine PA early‐stage embryos by regulating oxidative stress and improving mitochondrial function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research intended to investigate the influence of the operation of both kinds of hysterectomies in the risk of wound infection and the degree of wound dehiscence. Both of them were open field and laparoscope. In this research, we looked into four databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and Cochrane Library. Research was conducted on various operative methods for hysterectomy in obese patients between 2000 and October 2023. Two independent investigators performed an independent review of the data, established the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and managed the results with Endnote software. It also evaluated the quality of the included literature. Finally, the data were analysed with RevMan 5.3. This study involved 874 cases, 387 cases received laparoscopy and 487 cases received open access operation. Our findings indicate that there is a significant reduction in the rate of post‐operative wound infection among those who have received laparoscopy compared with who have received open surgical procedures (odds ratio [OR], 0.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.01–0.15; p < 0.001); There was no statistical difference between the rate of post‐operative wound dehiscence and those who received laparotomy compared with those who received open surgical procedures (OR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.10–1.11; p = 0.07); The estimated amount of blood lost during the operation was less in the laparoscopy group compared with the open procedure (mean difference, −123.72; 95% CI, −215.16 to −32.28; p = 0.008). Generally speaking, the application of laparoscopy to overweight women who have had a hysterectomy results in a reduction in the expected amount of bleeding during surgery and a reduction in the risk of post‐operative wound infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, conductive metal–organic frameworks (c‐MOFs) have drawn tremendous attention for the application in oxygen evolution reaction (OER) due to their superior conductivity and highly accessible active sites. Herein, a facile method is reported to prepare a series of bimetallic c‐MOFs (NixFe1‐x‐THQ, THQ = tetrahydroxy‐1,4‐benzoquinone hydrate) by using the smallest benzene‐based ligand with high‐density catalytic active sites for OER. By adjusting the ratio of Ni/Fe, a series of catalysts with optimal electronic structures and adsorption capacity to intermediates, and faster charge transport are obtained. Among them, Ni0.5Fe0.5‐THQ exhibits superior catalytic performances for OER with a low overpotential of 272 mV at 10 mA cm−2, a small Tafel slope of 47.9 mV, and robust operation for 40 h with no detectable activity decay, which is far superior to commercial RuO2, most of traditional MOFs and even some monometallic conductive MOFs. Moreover, both the measured and simulated results manifest that Ni0.5Fe0.5‐THQ can tailor the d‐band center, and induce the directional transfer of electrons, optimizing the rate‐determining step and adsorption capacity to intermediates during OER, thus exhibits superior electrochemical activity. This work not only presents a strategy to fabricate an electrocatalyst with remarkable OER performance but also promotes the development of THQ‐based c‐MOFs for electrocatalysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) offers a fascinating approach to converting CO2 into valuable chemical feedstocks. Up to now, the development of highly efficient electrocatalysts has been a significant bottleneck in this field. In this study, employing density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we design a range of stable two-dimensional (2D) metalloporphyrin organic frameworks (TM-PMOFs, TM = Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ru, Rh, Pd, and Ag, respectively) built by copper clusters and metalloporphyrin (TM-TCPP), whose CO2RR performance is studied in detail. Among them, the 2D cobaltporphyrin-based organic framework (Co-PMOF) is identified to be the best CO2RR electrocatalyst on account of its low limiting potential (−0.53 V), whose enhanced electrocatalytic performance can be attributed to the presence of numerous active sites on both sides of its 2D framework, as well as the synergistic effect between copper clusters and cobaltporphyrins in facilitating CO2 reduction. These findings provide valuable insights and encourage further experimental research on metallic 2D PMOF materials for CO2 electrochemical reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Dyslipidemia is frequently exhibited in individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Remnant cholesterol (RC), an emerging novel lipid marker, plays an elusive role in CKD progression. This study sought to investigate the association of RC with decreased kidney function or albuminuria in the general population of U.S. Method: Data were retrieved from the continuous 2001 to 2018 cycle of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Individuals aged between 18 and 70 years were included. RC was divided into quartiles. Albuminuria was defined by albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) ≥30 mg/g, while reduced kidney function was described as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) below 60 ml/min/1.73 m2. Using a multivariable regression model, the association of RC with decreased eGFR or albuminuria was examined. The dose‒response relationship between RC and eGFR or ACR was also investigated using a restricted cubic spline (RCS) model. Results: A total of 1551 (10.98%) participants with impaired renal function or albuminuria were identified. After multivariate adjustment, RC was not significantly associated with kidney function decline or albuminuria (odds ratio (OR) 1.24, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.95, 1.61). However, a significantly inverse correlation was observed between RC and eGFR in a dose‒response manner (β -2.12, 95% CI: -3.04, -1.21). This association remained consistent when stratifying data by gender, age, race, hypertension, diabetes and body mass index (BMI). Conclusion: A higher RC was significantly correlated with a lower eGFR in the general population. The role of RC in predicting kidney outcomes needed further investigation in prospective studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, pure metallic zinc was distilled under vacuum at different temperatures, and pure metallic lead was distilled under vacuum at different temperatures and holding times, the condensation law and microscopic morphology of the condensates were studied in a specially designed multi-stage condenser. The special multi-stage condenser also proved to be a better instrument. Theoretical analysis shows that the volatilization and condensation processes of zinc are solid → gas and gas → solid, and the volatilization and condensation processes of lead are gas → liquid → solid and solid → liquid → gas, respectively. When the system pressure is the experimental pressure (5 Pa), the average number of collisions of zinc and lead molecules increases with the decrease of temperature, which is favorable for the condensation of zinc and lead. The vacuum distillation experiments showed that the volatilization rates of zinc and lead both increased with an increase in temperature. When the temperature was 600 °C and the holding time was 45 minutes, zinc was completely volatilized. When the temperature was 900 °C and the holding time was 75 minutes, the volatilization rate of lead was 68 pct. Photoluminescence spectroscopy analysis showed that in the microstructure of zinc, the hexagonal-layered particle structure has better photocatalytic properties. Increasing the temperature and holding time can promote the upward movement of the main condensation layer of lead, as well as lead particles of different sizes, and the nucleation growth mode of lead was described. This paper can lay the foundation for the study of the complete separation and condensation collection of zinc–lead from electric arc furnace dust and understanding the morphological characteristics of the condensate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scene text detection has drawn increasing attention due to its potential scalability to large-scale applications. Currently, a well-trained scene text detection model on a source domain usually has unsatisfactory performance when it is migrated to e large domain shift between them. To bridge this gap, this paper proposes a novel network integrates both text-specific Faster R-CNN (ts-FRCNN) and domain adaptation (ts-DA) into one framework. Compared to conventional FRCNN, ts-FRCNN designs a text-specific RPN to generate more accurate region proposals by considering the inherent characters of scene text, as well as text-specific RoI pooling to extract purer and sufficient fine-grained text features by adopting an adaptive asymmetric griding strategy. Compared to conventional domain adaptation, ts-DA adopts a triple-level alignment strategy to reduce the domain shift at the image, word and character levels, and builds a triple-consistency regularization among them, which significantly promotes domain-invariant text feature learning. We conduct extensive experiments on three representative transfer learning tasks: common-to-extreme scenes, real-to-real scenes and synthetic-to-real scenes. The experimental results demonstrate that our model consistently outperforms the previous methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Creating new insecticide lead compounds based on the design and modification of natural products is a novel process, of which chlorfenapyr is a typical successful example. Chlorfenapyr is an arylpyrrole derivative that has high biological activity, a wide insecticidal spectrum, and a unique mode of action. For decades, a series of chlorfenapyr derivatives were designed and synthesized continuously, of which many highly active insecticidal compounds were discovered sequentially. However, due to the widespread application of chlorfenapyr and its degradation properties, some adverse effects, including pest resistance and environmental toxicity, occurred. In this review, a brief history of the discovery and development of chlorfenapyr is first introduced. Then, the synthesis, structural modification, structure activity relationship, and action mechanism of arylpyrroles are summarized. However, challenges and limitations still exist, especially in regard to the connection with pest resistance and environmental toxicology, which is discussed at the end of this review. This comprehensive summary of chlorfenapyr further promotes its progress and sensible application for pest management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent advances in surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) on semiconductor substrates offer this technology improved selectivity on top of other advantages, such as cost efficiency. However, the enhancement factor (EF) based on the semiconductors is still low compared with the noble metal substrates. Here, a new strategy of developing the semiconductor substrates based on aerogels is proposed for the first time. According to the modified Herzberg–Teller coupling rule, TiO2 aerogels are selected as the control object because of their large tunability. The surface area, amorphousness, and surface oxygen vacancy densities of TiO2 aerogels are regulated synergically. Due to the tuning of band structure, including band gap and defect band, multiresonant interband charge transfer (CT) pathways are generated and enhanced CT efficiency. A strong, intrinsically activated SERS effect is generated. Amorphous TiO2 aerogel with the highest surface oxygen vacancies shows a significant EF of 2.42 × 107, and TiO2 aerogels afford the large surface area and more active sites, which is conducive to promoting the adsorption of molecules. The aerogel‐based SERS is demonstrated to have wide applicability for ultrasensitive detection of explosives and organic dyes. The aerogel nanomaterials demonstrated here open a way for the construction of low‐cost and high‐sensitivity SERS substrate materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Benevolent leadership is common in organizations, including hospitals, and is known to have positive effects on employees. Yet, nursing literature lacks sufficient research on its relationships with nurses' behavior. Methods: In March to April 2022, a cross-sectional study was carried out involving 320 nurses employed across various hospitals in Sichuan Province, China. Benevolent leadership, affective commitment, work engagement, and helping behavior were evaluated using the Benevolent Leadership Scale, Affective Commitment Scale, Work Engagement Scale, and Helping Behavior Questionnaire, respectively. The study employed structural equation model and the bootstrap method to investigate the proposed relationships. Results: The SEM analysis results indicated a positive association between benevolent leadership and several outcomes among nurses. Specifically, benevolent leadership was found to be positively associated with nurses' affective commitment (β = 0.58, p <.001), work engagement (β = 0.02, p <.001), and helping behavior (β = 0.17, p =.001). Additionally, there was a significant indirect effect between benevolent leadership and nurses' work engagement through affective commitment (β = 0.08, p =.007) as well as between benevolent leadership and helping behavior through affective commitment (β = 0.16, p <.001). Conclusions: This study's findings emphasize the crucial role of benevolent leadership in fostering nurses' positive attitudes and behaviors in the workplace. Hospital administrators could promote the benevolent leadership of head nurses to enhance nurses' affective commitment, work engagement, and helping behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traumatic brain injury usually triggers glial scar formation, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these pathological features are largely unknown. Using a mouse model of hippocampal stab injury (HSI), we observed that miR-331, a brain-enriched microRNA, was significantly downregulated in the early stage (0–7 days) of HSI. Intranasal administration of agomir-331, an upgraded product of miR-331 mimics, suppressed reactive gliosis and neuronal apoptosis and improved cognitive function in HSI mice. Finally, we identified IL-1β as a direct downstream target of miR-331, and agomir-331 treatment significantly reduced IL-1β levels in the hippocampus after acute injury. Our findings highlight, for the first time, agomir-331 as a pivotal neuroprotective agent for early rehabilitation of HSI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

g-C3N4 micro tubes (TCN) were prepared by hydrothermal combined with thermal polymerization u sing melamine as the main raw material. And then CoS2/TCN Scotty junctions were constructed by loading cobalt sulfide on the tubular surface of prepared TCN. The obtained samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, FLS and photoelectrochermcal workstation, and their photocatalytic activity was investigated by photo- catalytic activity evaluation system in absence of sacrificial agent. The results show that CoS2 is uniformly distributed on the tubular surface of TCN, and the loading of CoS2 enhances the utilization of visible light by TCN. As the Fermi level !! Of CoS2 is lower than that of TCN, the electrons near the heterojunction interface transfer from TCN to CoS2 in the ground state, resuming in equilibrium of the Fermi level at the interface. Tak¬ing advantage of the spay potential difference at the heterojunction interface, the photo generated electrons from TCN can be quickly extracted by CoS2 through Scotty junction, so as to promote the separation of pho- to generated electrons and hoes. Under the illumination of 350-780 nm, the CO yield of the optimal performance sample reached 16.04 jumbo/(g x h), similar to that of Pt/TCN (16.70 jolt/(g x h)), and 5.14 limes of TCN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lateritic soil usually contains a large amount of iron and aluminium, which promotes the formation of large-size aggregations and further affects soil fabric. It has been demonstrated that the microstructure of soil influences the hydraulic and mechanical behaviour significantly. As a commonly used filling material with special mineral composition, the microstructure change of lateritic soil under common environment actions, such as wetting and loading, is thus of great importance. In this study, the microstructure properties of a lateritic silt under drying–wetting and one-dimensional compression were investigated using mercury intrusion porosimetry and scanning electron microscopy. Test results show that large-sized aggregates are formed in the compacted lateritic silt with 10% of hematite. These aggregates induce a bi-modal pore size distribution (PSD) which includes both micropore and macropore peaks. The different macropore distributions under various dry densities lead to scattered soil–water characteristic curves in a suction range less than 20 MPa. Changes in volume and pore structure mainly occur in the suction path within the "transition zone" where the dominant capillarity affects only the macropore. Drying causes an increase in macropores due to the decreased volume of aggregates, while has limited effect on micropores, whereas wetting weakens the bonding between aggregates, and induces a reduction in macropores. The compacted lateritic silt shows obvious collapse upon soaking, in which the collapse grows up to a peak and then turns to decrease with increasing stress level. Both loading and soaking lead to the collapse of macropores, whereas soaking tends to affect a broader range of pore sizes. It is inferred that, the strong particle cementation produced by hematite leads to a strong micropore structure, which is almost unaffected by the suction change under both confined and unconfined conditions. The PSD change due to the variation in suction is different from that observed on other compacted fine-grained soils, which verifies the effects of special mineral composition (iron and aluminium) on microstructure and further the hydro-mechanical behaviour of lateritic soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In September 2019, the "4 + 7" centralized procurement pilot program was expanded nationwide aiming at reducing drug prices by means of volume-based procurement and using accredited generic drugs for branded drug substitutes. Given the current uncertain effect of the policy outside pilot areas, this study was conducted to evaluate the impact of the National Volume-based Procurement policy on the use of policy-related drugs after expansion. Method: A single-group interrupted time series was applied using drug purchase data, covering 25 months from December 2018 to December 2020. Drugs related to the centralized procurement policy were selected as samples, including 25 first-batch policy-related drugs and 56 alternative drugs. Centralized procured drugs can be divided into bid-winning and non-winning products, where non-winning products were sorted into generic and branded drugs, and alternative products were classified according to different degrees of substitution. Purchase volume, expenditures, and daily costs were measured. Results: After the implementation of the policy, a significant increase was associated with the volume of bid-winning drugs (p < 0.001) and the volume of generic and branded drugs decreased immediately. The DDDc of drugs under the same generic name significantly reduced (an instantaneous drop of bid-winning drugs by approximately 25%, 7.62 CNY for generics and 3.07 CNY for branded drugs), saving 48.2 million CNY of drug expenditures. The policy has a significant effect on the drug for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and exerted little influence on the drug for the treatment of nervous diseases, and the substitution of generics for antitumor-branded drugs was not obvious. In addition, the procurement volume of alternative drugs appeared to be a "carry-over". Conclusions: These findings indicated that the policy demonstrated positive effects in terms of price reductions and cost savings and accelerated the substitution of generics against branded drugs. The "patent cliff" for branded drugs has gradually emerged. Besides, a short-term "spillover effect" of the volume of alternative drugs was observed, requiring special attention and vigilance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study looks into a new composite bridge deck structure that employs a corrugated steel plate as the base. The goal is to address the shortcomings of traditional deck-bearing capacity, stiffness, and stress performance. Specifically, this study investigates the shear performance and slip characteristics of this structure. To achieve this, the study analyzes the shear behavior and slip tendencies of the composite bridge deck. The study focuses on the role of shear studs and PBL (Perfobond Leiste) perforated steel plates as essential components for shear connections. The shear performance of the composite deck is analyzed based on the structure of shear connection keys such as shear studs and PBL perforated steel plates. The advantages of composite decks in terms of stiffness, self-weight, load-bearing capacity, shear resistance, slip resistance, etc., are discussed to provide a theoretical reference for practical engineering applications. The shear resistance of shear stud shear keys is investigated through shear push-out experiments, and the shear resistance of shear studs is investigated through finite element simulations based on the ABAQUS 2020 finite element software. The results showed that the shear load capacity of the shear studs increased with the increase in the height-to-diameter ratio for different diameters of the shear studs, and the range of increases was from 2% to 23%. However, when the diameter of the shear stud exceeded 22 mm, the ultimate shear capacity of the shear stud increased with the increase in the height-to-diameter ratio, and the magnitude of the increase slowed down. For the actual design of the composite deck, it is recommended to maintain a shear stud height-to-diameter ratio within the range of 9 to 12. When using a composite deck with a PBL open-hole steel plate, the maximum longitudinal slip at the plate end and within the span is only 0.28 mm and 0.0158 mm, respectively. These values are 31% and 36% lower than those of the composite deck with a peg shear key. Additionally, the vertical peeling within the span of the PBL open-hole steel plate is merely 0.46 mm, showing a 21% reduction compared to that of the shear studs. It can be seen that the PBL perforated steel plates are more effective than the shear studs in resisting slip and peel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microglia are the primary source of transglutaminase 2 (TGM2) in the brain; however, the roles of microglial TGM2 in neural development and disease are still not well known. The aim of this study is to elucidate the role and mechanisms of microglial TGM2 in the brain. A mouse line with a specific knockout of Tgm2 in microglia was generated. Immunohistochemistry, Western blot and qRT‐PCR assays were performed to evaluate the expression levels of TGM2, PSD‐95 and CD68. Confocal imaging, immunofluorescence staining and behavioural analyses were conducted to identify phenotypes of microglial TGM2 deficiency. Finally, RNA sequencing, qRT‐PCR and co‐culture of neurons and microglia were used to explore the potential mechanisms. Deletion of microglial Tgm2 causes impaired synaptic pruning, reduced anxiety and increased cognitive deficits in mice. At the molecular level, the phagocytic genes, such as Cq1a, C1qb and Tim4, are significantly down‐regulated in TGM2‐deficient microglia. This study elucidates a novel role of microglial TGM2 in regulating synaptic remodelling and cognitive function, indicating that microglia Tgm2 is essential for proper neural development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The optimization of imaging accuracy and speed is a crucial issue in the development of computer-generated holograms (CGH) for three-dimensional (3D) displays. This paper proposes an optimized iterative algorithm based on the angular spectrum method (ASM) to achieve high-quality holographic imaging across multiple planes. To effectively utilize spatial resources for multi-image reconstruction and mitigate the speckle noise caused by the overlapping of target images, constraint factors are introduced between different layers within the same region. The seeking rule of the constraint factor is also analyzed. By utilizing both constraint factors and variable factors, the presented method is able to calculate phase holograms for target figure imaging at four different planes. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method effectively improves the overall quality of the different planes, thus holding great potential for wide-ranging applications in the field of holography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chromatin‐associated RNA (caRNA) acts as a ubiquitous epigenetic layer in eukaryotes, and has been reported to be essential in various biological processes. Here, we propose a highly interpretable computational framework, named DeepRCI, to identify the interactions between various types of RNAs and chromatin. DeepRCI can serve as a useful tool for characterizing RNA‐chromatin interactions and studying the underlying gene regulatory code. Background: Chromatin‐associated RNA (caRNA) acts as a ubiquitous epigenetic layer in eukaryotes, and has been reported to be essential in various biological processes, including gene transcription, chromatin remodeling and cellular differentiation. Recently, numerous experimental techniques have been developed to characterize genome‐wide RNA‐chromatin interactions to understand their underlying biological functions. However, these experimental methods are generally expensive, time‐consuming, and limited in identifying all potential sites, while most of the existing computational methods are restricted to detecting only specific types of RNAs interacting with chromatin. Methods: Here, we propose a highly interpretable computational framework, named DeepRCI, to identify the interactions between various types of RNAs and chromatin. In this framework, we introduce a novel deep learning component called variformer and integrate multi‐omics data to capture intrinsic genomic features at both RNA and DNA levels. Results: Extensive experiments demonstrate that DeepRCI can detect RNA‐chromatin interactions more accurately when compared to the state‐of‐the‐art baseline prediction methods. Furthermore, the sequence features extracted by DeepRCI can be well matched to known critical gene regulatory components, indicating that our model can provide useful biological insights into understanding the underlying mechanisms of RNA‐chromatin interactions. In addition, based on the prediction results, we further delineate the relationships between RNA‐chromatin interactions and cellular functions, including gene expression and the modulation of cell states. Conclusions: In summary, DeepRCI can serve as a useful tool for characterizing RNA‐chromatin interactions and studying the underlying gene regulatory code. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The GAP model was widely used as a simple risk "screening" method for patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Objectives: We sought to validate the GAP model in Chinese patients with IPF to evaluate whether it can accurately predict the risk for mortality. Methods: A total of 212 patients with IPF diagnosed at China‐Japan Friendship Hospital from 2015 to 2019 were enrolled. The latest follow‐up ended in September 2022. Cumulative mortality of each GAP stage was calculated and compared based on Fine‐Gray models for survival, and lung transplantation was treated as a competing risk. The performance of the model was evaluated in terms of both discrimination and calibration. Results: The cumulative mortality in patients with GAP stage III was significantly higher than that in those with GAP stage I or II (Gray's test p < 0.0001). The Harrell c‐index for the GAP calculator was 0.736 (95% CI: 0.667–0.864). The discrimination for the GAP staging system were similar with that for the GAP calculator. The GAP model overestimated the mortality rate at 1‐ and 2‐year in patients classified as GAP stage I (6.90% vs. 1.77% for 1‐year, 14.20% vs. 6.78% for 2‐year). Conclusions: Our findings indicated that the GAP model overestimated the mortality rate in mild group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: In this study we aimed to evaluate the nocebo response rate in patients with functional dyspepsia (FD) and to explore its influencing factors. Methods: A literature search of the EMBASE, PubMed, and Cochrane Library databases was conducted for all articles published up to March 2021. Randomized, parallel‐designed, placebo‐controlled trials on pharmacological interventions for patients with FD were included. A meta‐analysis that utilized random effects to analyze the incidence of adverse events (AEs) among participants who were given placebo was conducted, and the correlation between trial characteristics and the magnitude of the nocebo response rate was analyzed. Results: Altogether, 27 studies including 1866 paitents were deemed eligible and included in the analysis. The total nocebo response rate was 26% (95% confidence interval [CI] 18%–33%). The most frequently reported AEs included nasopharyngitis (9%), constipation (6%), headache (5%), and diarrhea (3%). There were significant differences in nocebo response rates among studies conducted in different country or region, treatment duration, types of medication, sponsorship and different versions of the Rome criteria used for FD diagnosis. While number of centers engaged in the study, types of FD diagnosis and dosing frequency were not significantly associated with the nocebo response rate. Conclusions: Patients with FD exhibit notable nocebo response strength in clinical trials. The researchers should adopt a more careful approach when analyzing the relationships between AEs and interventions in such trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the technology scales down, two-dimensional (2D) NAND flash memory has reached its bottleneck. Three-dimensional (3D) NAND flash memory was proposed to further increase the storage capacity by vertically stacking multiple layers. However, the new architecture of 3D flash memory leads to new sources of errors, which severely affects the reliability of the system. In this paper, for the first time, we derive the channel probability density function of 3D NAND flash memory by taking major sources of errors. Based on the derived channel probability density function, the mutual information (MI) for 3D flash memory with multiple layers is derived and used as a metric to design the quantization. Specifically, we propose a dynamic programming algorithm to jointly optimize read-voltage thresholds for all layers by maximizing the MI (MMI). To further reduce the complexity, we develop an MI derivative (MID)-based method to obtain read-voltage thresholds for hard-decision decoding (HDD) of error correction codes (ECCs). Simulation results show that the performance with jointly optimized read-voltage thresholds can closely approach that with read-voltage thresholds optimized for each layer, with much less read latency. Moreover, the MID-based MMI quantizer almost achieves the optimal performance for HDD of ECCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hi-C is a widely applied chromosome conformation capture (3C)-based technique, which has produced a large number of genomic contact maps with high sequencing depths for a wide range of cell types, enabling comprehensive analyses of the relationships between biological functionalities (e.g. gene regulation and expression) and the three-dimensional genome structure. Comparative analyses play significant roles in Hi-C data studies, which are designed to make comparisons between Hi-C contact maps, thus evaluating the consistency of replicate Hi-C experiments (i.e. reproducibility measurement) and detecting statistically differential interacting regions with biological significance (i.e. differential chromatin interaction detection). However, due to the complex and hierarchical nature of Hi-C contact maps, it remains challenging to conduct systematic and reliable comparative analyses of Hi-C data. Here, we proposed sslHiC, a contrastive self-supervised representation learning framework, for precisely modeling the multi-level features of chromosome conformation and automatically producing informative feature embeddings for genomic loci and their interactions to facilitate comparative analyses of Hi-C contact maps. Comprehensive computational experiments on both simulated and real datasets demonstrated that our method consistently outperformed the state-of-the-art baseline methods in providing reliable measurements of reproducibility and detecting differential interactions with biological meanings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing a new strategy to realize on‐demand photoreactions with distinguishable signals is highly desirable. Herein, by simply tuning the molecular state, tuned photoreactions with different dynamic signals based on a series of tridentate cyanostilbene molecules (TCS1‐5) are realized. The results show that in the crystalline state, the ordered and densely molecular packing facilitates the successive intermolecular photocycloaddition between adjacent cyanostilbene molecules and causes accumulated stresses within the crystals, which further induces variable photo‐induced mechanical motions such as peeling, bending, twisting, and so on. In the monodispersed solution state, however, the larger distances between TCS1‐5 molecules afford a photo‐induced radical‐assisted intramolecular photocyclization process and give rise to multiple domino photochromic and photofluorochromic behaviors. Based on their distinct yet controllable thermostability and radical colors, photochromic films are fabricated from TCS1@PMMA and TCS1/TFA@PMMA for Morse code and rewritable photopatterning applications, showing excellent photochromism. By coating TCS3 on a piece of plastic bag, the macroscopic mechanical motion is achieved by amplifying the collective molecular motion from the nanoscale up to the macroscopic dimension. The molecular state‐based strategy reveals the regularity between photoreactions and molecular packing and further provides an opportunity to rapidly access controllable photoresponsive systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wealth concentration is a common problem worldwide, and research reveals that wealth is most concentrated in family firm holdings. We examined the influence of local political structure on the concentration of family firm wealth and found that (a) changes in de jure political power (provincial party secretary turnover) temporarily inhibit family firm wealth concentration, (b) local de facto power offers strong countervailing protection against this effect, and (c) there is a U-shaped relationship between the tenure of the provincial party secretary and wealth concentration. This investigation deepens our understanding of the relationship between family firm political connections and wealth concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is a leading cause of drug‐induced liver injury and acute liver failure, while the detection, prognosis prediction, and therapy for APAP‐induced liver injury (AILI) remain improved. Here, it is determined that the temporal pattern of circulating cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) is strongly associated with damage and inflammation parameters in AILI. CfDNA is comparable to alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in predicting mortality and outperformed ALT when combined with ALT in AILI. The depletion of cfDNA or neutrophils alleviates liver damage, while the addition of cfDNA or adoptive transfer of neutrophils exacerbates the damage. The combination of DNase I and N‐acetylcysteine attenuates AILI significantly. This study establishes that cfDNA is a mechanistic biomarker to predict mortality in AILI mice. The combination of scavenging cfDNA and reducing oxidative damage provides a promising treatment for AILI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrovoltaic effect is an innovative route to acquire electric energy from low-quality energy of water. Carbonized wood has shown great potential in hydrovoltaic conversion for the natural directional microtube structure which can induce sustaining water flow. But the induced-current, key performance of the hydrovoltaic effect, was still limited by intrinsic resistance of carbonized wood. To reduce the intrinsic resistance and promote the carrier migration, graphitizing as a proved method is used to improve the hydrovoltaic current. In this work, the carbonized wood was graphitized in different degree through transition metal catalytic method to investigate the influence. Double influence of graphitizing modification on hydrovoltaic conversion was verified. Moderately graphitizing modification can simultaneously promote the carrier to migrate and accumulate at double electric layer (DEL) interface, which benefits hydrovoltaic effect. But excessive modification shows a negative effect on carrier accumulation and reduces the hydrovoltaic performance. Comparing to the untreated carbonized wood, the maximal open-circuit voltage of graphitized carbonized wood can reach ~2.4 times higher (~0.47 V), while short-circuit current can be further enhanced to a notable ~27 times increase (~35 μA), demonstrating the remarkable enhancement of graphitizing modification on induced current. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study determined the value of mixed-reality (MR) technology for doctor-patient communication, preoperative planning, intraoperative navigation, and tumor localization in treating patients with breast cancer. Fifty-eight patients with breast space-occupying lesions (16 benign and 42 malignant) who underwent breast lumpectomy at the People's Liberation Army General Hospital of China were included in this study. The patients were randomly divided into the MR group and the computed tomography (CT) group. In the MR group, a 3D reconstruction of whole-breast ultrasound was used to localize the spatial position of the breast lesion and was combined with the 3D reconstruction of breast MRI to determine the lesion boundaries. To improve the preciseness of surgery, a postoperative survey was conducted. The MR group exhibited a higher level of patient knowledge regarding the disease, treatment, and diagnosis (26.207 ± 1.698 points) than the CT group (19.228 ± 4.889 points) (T = 7.033; P < 0.01), and patient satisfaction with surgical results, treatment confidence, and communication methods (4.448 ± 0.572) was also higher than that of the CT group (3.172 4.448 ± 0.572) 0.602) P < 0.05 . In addition, doctors were significantly more satisfied with surgical planning and intraoperative localization when the MR technique was used (T = 8.273; P < 0.01). The use of MR technology in lumpectomy has improved patients' understanding of surgical procedures and surgical results and has achieved positive results. This technique may provide clinical benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There are a large number of infertile couples in China, but its treatment is notoriously expensive and not currently covered by insurance. The utility of preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy as an adjunct to in vitro fertilization has been debated. Objective: To investigate the cost-effectiveness of preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) versus conventional technology in in vitro fertilization (IVF) from the perspective of the healthcare system in China. Methods: Following the exact steps in the IVF protocol, a decision tree model was developed, based on the data from the CESE-PGS trial and using cost scenarios for IVF in China. The scenarios were compared for costs per patient and cost-effectiveness. One-way sensitivity analysis and probabilistic sensitivity analysis were performed to confirm the robustness of the findings. Main outcome measures: Costs per live birth, Costs per patient, Incremental cost-effectiveness for miscarriage prevention. Results: The average costs per live birth of PGT-A were estimated as ¥39230.71, which is about 16.8% higher than that of the conventional treatment. Threshold analysis revealed that PGT-A would need to increase the pregnancy rate of 26.24–98.24% or a cost reduction of ¥4649.29 to ¥1350.71 to achieve the same cost-effectiveness. The incremental costs per prevented miscarriage was approximately ¥45600.23. The incremental cost-effectiveness for miscarriage prevention showed that the willingness to pay would be ¥43422.60 for PGT-A to be cost-effective. Conclusion: The present cost-effectiveness analysis demonstrates that embryo selection with PGT‑A is not suitable for routine applications from the perspective of healthcare providers in China, given the cumulative live birth rate and the high costs of PGT‑A. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Omicron spike (S) encoding vaccines as boosters, are a potential strategy to improve COVID-19 vaccine efficacy against Omicron. Here, macaques (mostly females) previously immunized with Ad26.COV2.S, are boosted with Ad26.COV2.S, Ad26.COV2.S.529 (encoding Omicron BA.1 S) or a 1:1 combination of both vaccines. All booster vaccinations elicit a rapid antibody titers increase against WA1/2020 and Omicron S. Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 antibody responses are most effectively boosted by vaccines including Ad26.COV2.S.529. Independent of vaccine used, mostly WA1/2020-reactive or WA1/2020-Omicron BA.1 cross-reactive B cells are detected. Ad26.COV2.S.529 containing boosters provide only slightly higher protection of the lower respiratory tract against Omicron BA.1 challenge compared with Ad26.COV2.S-only booster. Antibodies and cellular immune responses are identified as complementary correlates of protection. Overall, a booster with an Omicron-spike based vaccine provide only moderately improved immune responses and protection compared with the original Wuhan-Hu-1-spike based vaccine, which still provide robust immune responses and protection against Omicron. Variant booster vaccines are a strategy to improve protection against SARS-CoV-2. Here, the authors find that both Wuhan-Hu-1-based Ad26.COV2.S or an Omicron-adapted booster vaccine provide robust immune responses and protection against Omicron in NHP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Liver metastasis, a lethal malignancy of gastric cancer (GC) patients, execrably impairs their prognosis. As yet, however, few studies have been designed to identify the driving molecules during its formation, except screening evidence pausing before their functions or mechanisms. Here, we aimed to survey a key driving event within the invasive margin of liver metastases. Methods: A metastatic GC tissue microarray was used for exploring malignant events during liver-metastasis formation, followed by assessing the expression patterns of glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and GDNF family receptor alpha 1 (GFRA1). Their oncogenic functions were determined by both loss- and gain-of-function studies in vitro and in vivo, and validated by rescue experiments. Multiple cell biological studies were performed to identify the underlying mechanisms. Results: In the invasive margin, GFRA1 was identified as a pivotal molecule involved in cellular survival during liver metastasis formation, and we found that its oncogenic role depends on tumor associated macrophage (TAM)-derived GDNF. In addition, we found that the GDNF-GFRA1 axis protects tumor cells from apoptosis under metabolic stress via regulating lysosomal functions and autophagy flux, and participates in the regulation of cytosolic calcium ion signalling in a RET-independent and non-canonical way. Conclusion: From our data we conclude that TAMs, homing around metastatic nests, induce the autophagy flux of GC cells and promote the development of liver metastasis via GDNF-GFRA1 signalling. This is expected to improve the comprehension of metastatic pathogenesis and to provide a novel direction of research and translational strategies for the treatment of metastatic GC patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, the nonlinear dynamics of cantilevered shell-shaped workpieces was investigated. The cantilevered shell-shaped workpiece was modeled as a double-curved thin shell subjected to a cutting force, which was concentrated and moving fast through the surface of the shell-shaped workpiece. Using Hamilton's principle, the equations of motion of the shell-shaped workpiece were derived based on the classic shell theory and the von Karman strain–displacement relations. Applying the Galerkin's approach, the nonlinear governing partial differential equations were reduced to the two-degree-of-freedom nonlinear system ordinary differential equations with external excitations. Considering the resonant cases of 1:1 internal resonance, the method of asymptotic perturbation method was utilized to obtain the averaged equations of cantilevered shell-shaped workpiece. Numerical method was used to study nonlinear dynamics of the cantilever shell-shaped workpiece and obtain the bifurcation diagram, two-dimensional phase portraits, waveforms phase, three-dimensional phase and frequency spectrum phase. The result showed that the system of the shell-shaped workpiece was very sensitive with the varying of the excitation parameters and the dumping coefficient, which exhibited the different dynamic behaviors including periodic motion and chaotic motion. The time-delay effects should also be considered. The slight difference of the time-delay effects can result in the complex dynamic behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immunological memory is the key source of protective immunity against pathogens. At the current stage of the COVID-19 pandemic, heterologous combinations of exposure to viral antigens during infection and/or vaccination shape a distinctive immunological memory. Immune imprinting, the downside of memory, might limit the generation of de novo immune response against variant infection or the response to the next-generation vaccines. Here, we review mechanistic basis of immune imprinting by focusing on B cell immunobiology and discuss the extent to which immune imprinting is harmful, as well as its effect on SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reservoir operation is an important part of basin water resources management. The rational use of reservoir operation scheme can not only enhance the capacity of flood control and disaster reduction in the basin, but also improve the efficiency of water use and give full play to the comprehensive role the reservoir. The conventional decision-making method of reservoir operation scheme is computationally large, subjectivity and difficult to capture the nonlinear relationship. To solve these problems, this paper proposes a reservoir operation scheme decision-making model IWGAN-IWOA-CNN based on artificial intelligence and deep learning technology. In view of the lack of data in the original reservoir operation scheme and the limited improvement of data characteristics by the traditional data augmentation algorithm, an improved generative adversarial network algorithm (IWGAN) is proposed. IWGAN uses the loss function which integrates Wasserstein distance, gradient penalty and difference item, and dynamically adds random noise in the process of model training. The whale optimization algorithm is improved by introducing Logistic chaotic mapping to initialize population, non-linear convergence factor and adaptive weights, and Levy flight perturbation strategy. The improved whale optimization algorithm (IWOA) is used to optimize hyperparameters of convolutional neural networks (CNN), so as to obtain the best parameters for model prediction. The experimental results show that the data generated by IWGAN has certain representation ability and high quality; IWOA has faster convergence speed, higher convergence accuracy and better stability; IWGAN-IWOA-CNN model has higher prediction accuracy and reliability of scheme selection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic molecular framework materials are an emerging type of porous material formed by discrete molecules through weak supramolecular interactions. They have unique flexibility, solution processability and potential applications in gas adsorption and separation, molecular transport and so on. The frameworks with aggregation-induced emission properties, represented by tetraphenylethylene and other fluorophores, provide an expansion property for the fluorescence visualization of molecular organic frameworks. In this review, we feature organic framework materials based on tetraphenylethylene in the last ten years, focusing on the formation of frameworks, fluorescent properties and corresponding applications, and further discuss their development. This article will provide a reference for those who pay attention to the materials that combine molecular frameworks and fluorescence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the standards of bridge design and construction continue to improve, more and more combination bridges are being put into use. The public's demand for aesthetically pleasing bridges is also increasing, making it necessary to use the special structure of steel–concrete combinations, continuous V-shaped piers, and continuously stiffened bridges. This structure has the structural and mechanical characteristics of both a continuous girder and a V-shaped pier bridge. The span can be reduced to a certain extent because the support of the V-shaped piers can be applied directly to the main girder. The spanning capacity of the bridge is generally greater than that of a combined steel–concrete girder bridge with vertical piers. The whole bridge is continuous, without expansion joints, making it more stable and safe for traffic. At present, research on this structural bridge type is not yet complete. In this paper, the structural system and dynamic characteristics of this bridge are investigated in the context of real-life engineering. Firstly, the self-vibration characteristics of the three structures were analyzed, and their effects on the self-vibration characteristics were studied by varying the height of the crossbeam at the V-shaped piers' support, the main beam stiffness, and the V-shaped piers' stiffness in the three structures. The results show that the increase in main beam stiffness can effectively improve the vertical stiffness of the three structures, with the most obvious effect on structure one and the least effect on structure two; the increase in V-shaped pier stiffness causes a huge improvement in the transverse stiffness of the three structures. Subsequently, a two-unit rod system model of the background bridge was established using the finite element method, and the original model was improved by calculating the equivalent shear stiffness of the shear nail group so that it could simulate the shear joints more accurately. The effects of the shear connectors on the self-vibration characteristics of the steel–concrete combined continuous beam–V-shaped piers and continuous rigid-frame bridge were investigated through theoretical analysis and finite element simulation. It was found that due to the existence of flexible shear connectors, the interface between the steel beam and concrete slab in the combined beam has a slippage effect which causes the deformation to become unsynchronized, and there is a certain difference between vibration patterns. The stiffness of the shear connectors has a certain effect on the self-vibration frequency of the bridge. The damage to the local shear connectors does not have a large effect on the self-vibration frequency of the overall structure, but the damage to the shear connectors at the beginning of the connection between the V-shaped piers and the main beam is greater than that of the other areas. Damage to shear joints should be given special consideration in comparison to other areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]