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The use of nanoparticles in heat transmission is an interesting research subject and many scholars have shown an interest in this topic. In accordance with the motivating relevance of nanomaterials, the current research advocates for an evaluation of Casson nanofluid using porous medium thermal analysis in conjunction with vibrant implementations of mixed convection through a chemical reaction. Additionally, a nonlinear suction/injection phenomenon is taken into consideration. A consistent flow pattern is created by the stretched porous structure. The extended Casson nanofluid model is used to identify the heat production of non-Newtonian fluids. The essential incentives for choosing the Casson nanofluid model are validated as it simultaneously achieves Casson fluid, nanofluid and porous medium outcomes. The convective transport of nanofluid has been addressed using convective temperature boundary conditions and convective flow. A dimensionless form with similarity variables is used to simplify the fundamental equations for the provided flow model. The fourth-order Runge–Kutta (RK) strategy is deployed to arrive at a numerical solution for simulated flow. The physical conveyance of flow variables is accessed visually. It is calculated from engineering quantities (i.e., skin friction, Nusselt number and Sherwood number) to generate the numerical values. The velocity declines with increasing porosity and material factors while opposite outcomes are witnessed for buoyancy factors (mixed convection and buoyancy ratio) and injection factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Slow-release oxidation is important for effectively and selectively treating aromatic hydrocarbon pollutants like phenol in water. This research work focuses on persulfate candles formation for slow-relaese oxidation of phenol in water. To control the persulfate release rate polystyrene coating was applied to the beads. Four predetermined PAHs to ferrous molar ratios accompanied with persulfate candles were applied for the oxidation process. In the presence of ferrous activator the degradation of phenol was achieved. The increasing concentration of ferrous with constant persulfate and phenol concentration the higher degradation can be achieved up to certain Ph:Fe+2 ratio. The crossing the optimum ratio the inhibition starts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we investigate time-dependent viscous fluid flow along a stretching horizontal plate with a magnetic field, viscous dissipation and chemical reaction are taken into account. A system of partial differential equations (PDEs) governs the flow problem. Using dimensionless variables, system of governing PDEs is transformed to dimensionless form. Finite difference method is the numerical method adopted for solving the system of PDEs with initial and boundary conditions. The impact of potential variables is examined and displayed graphically. The results suggest that greater Hartmann number reduces velocity and temperature, whereas raising chemical reaction parameter decreases concentration profile. Moreover, skin friction increases with Hartmann number values and Nusselt number, showing increase for growing Eckert and Prandtl numbers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A theoretical mathematical model has been proposed to analyze the combined heat and mass transfer impact due to peristaltic flow of Carreau-Yasuda nanofluid model. The flow is causing by non-uniform complex wavy channel with convergent and divergent characterization. The analysis is updated with applications of entropy generation applications. The investigation for enhancement in heat transfer is visualized by adopting the nonlinear radiated impact. Furthermore, the mixed convection and activation energy effects. Both surfaces of non-uniform channel are specified at distinct zeta potential. The utilization of governing theories along with the Poisson Boltzmann equation have been incorporated to model the problem. The simplification of problem is incorporated via Debye–Huckel linearization. The numerical method based on shooting technique is suggested to simulates the problem. The physical characteristics of flow problem in view of involved parameters is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most pumping action s entail l a physical volume change of the duct, which is frequently achieved by having a compliant wall or membrane. To the best of our knowledge, the current study is the first report on a mathematical model developed to analyze the peristaltic transport of a Newtonian fluid in a curved duct with rectangular face and compliant walls. Such geometries are most commonly used in clinical and biological equipment, where the walls of the duct need to be flexible. Flexible ducts are more useful than rigid ones because they do not require any extra modifications or accessories. Here, we have used the conditions of lubrication theory to construct an accurate model, and a common perturbation technique was incorporated to handle the Navier-Stokes equations with emphasis on various aspect ratios and curvatures. A system of curvilinear coordinates operating according to the principles of the cylindrical system was employed to represent the mathematical problem. No-slip boundary limitations were considered at the walls along with the extra constraint of compliant walls showing damping force and stiffness. Comprehensive graphical representations were made to illustrate the effects of all emerging factors of the study in both two- and three-dimensional formats. We found that large curvatures and flexure rigidity decreased the fluid velocity uniformly, but the aspect ratio and amplitude parameters could promote fluid velocity. Validation of the results was performed through the generation of a residual error curve. The current readings were taken again with a straight duct to make a comparison with the existing literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transport of complex rheological fluids in physiological ducts is often facilitated by the dynamic phenomenon of peristalsis. Additionally, peristaltic transport assisted by cilia plays a significant role in various natural processes such as respiration, circulation, locomotion, and reproduction. This study focuses on magnetically induced flow bounded by non-uniform curved walls, motivated by the importance of peristalsis and micro-organism motility. To characterize the complex rheology of the fluid liner, a viscoelastic model described by the constitutive equation of Jeffrey's fluid is employed. The flow problem is mathematically formulated using curvilinear coordinates. Subsequently, linear transformations and scaling factors are applied to convert the equations into dimensionless form, while considering biotic restrictions such as creeping transport and long wavelength to reduce dependent variables. By utilizing the stream function and cross-differentiation, a fourth-order equation is obtained and numerically approximated using the shooting method. The effects of various parameters on the flow are illustrated through graphs, and a physical interpretation of the graphical results is provided. It is observed that ciliated walls of the channel enhance the velocity and pumping, while trapping phenomena are more pronounced in a non-uniform channel compared to a uniform channel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this analysis, rotation, magnetic fields, and Hall current effects are considered as they pertain to the flow of a Prandtl fluid via a conduit with slip boundary conditions. Closed-form solutions for velocity and temperature are derived using a long-wavelength approximation and conditions of low Reynolds numbers in the analysis. The results show that the pressure gradient rises for larger values of the first-order slip parameter and the second-order slip parameter but falls for larger values of the Prandtl fluid parameter. Furthermore, in the free, peristaltic, and retrograde pumping regimes, pumping rates increase with an increase in the slip parameters, while pumping rates drop in the back-pumping zone. Although fluid temperature drops with an increase in the Prandtl fluid parameter, it is still affected by the Prandtl fluid parameter and the slip parameters. The ramifications of these findings for developing pumping systems and gastrointestinal health are substantial. They allow the body's fluids to flow smoothly, which improves the efficiency of functions, including oxygen delivery, waste removal, and nutrient delivery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The major purpose of this study is to observe the flow properties of an electrically conducting hybrid nanofluid (HNF) consist of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and iron ferrite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles (nps) passes through a linearly expanded sheet with the slip velocity. The non‐Newtonian fluid models provide a better insight of the flow and heat allocation properties of nanofluids. For this purpose, we have used a Maxwell nanoliquid as the basis fluid in our experiment, with an inclined magnetic field applied to the flow direction. The flow regulating equations are turned into a system of non‐dimensional differential equations via resemblance substitutions. The computational procedure "parametric continuation method" (PCM) has been used to compute the velocity, energy, and mass of the HNF. The statistical results are displayed through graphs and tables. Maxwell parameter, porosity, and velocity slip tend to minimize HNF velocity, while its temperature rises with the action of thermal radiation, inclined magnetic field, unsteadiness variable, and viscous dissipation. Furthermore, the porous medium's penetration has a greater influence on the reduction of nanofluid velocity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a convective fluid flow mixed with different nanoparticles (NPs) flowing on a vertical plate is studied. The impacts of slip boundary wall, Newtonian heating, and magnetic field are also pondered. Using Fourier's rule of heat conductivity and Caputo-time (CT) fractional derivative (FD), the nondimensional governing equations for this mathematical model are obtained. The Laplace transformation (LT) technique is used to get a generalized solution to the equations of momentum and energy. The physical interpretation of velocity distribution in some particular cases is well recognized in the past research works and is also highlighted to scrutinize some further physical perception into the subject and to fortify the novelty of this research communication. Furthermore, graphical depictions are created using the mathematica program to assess the physical importance of the considered topic. As a result, we concluded that the blood-based aluminium oxide (A l 2 O 3) NPs show more decaying behavior as compared to titanium dioxide (Ti O 2) NPs for temperature and velocity profile. Moreover, changing the fractional parameter's value for a long period of time improves thermal and velocity profiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a finite volume method to solve the time-space two-sided fractional advection-dispersion equation on a one-dimensional domain. The spatial discretisation employs fractionally-shifted Grünwald formulas to discretise the Riemann-Liouville fractional derivatives at control volume faces in terms of function values at the nodes. We demonstrate how the finite volume formulation provides a natural, convenient and accurate means of discretising this equation in conservative form, compared to using a conventional finite difference approach. Results of numerical experiments are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]