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Neurodegeneration is a seminal feature of many neurological disorders. Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is caused by repetitive head impacts (RHI) and is characterized by sulcal tau pathology. However, quantitative assessments of regional neurodegeneration in CTE have not been described. In this study, we quantified three key neurodegenerative measures, including cortical thickness, neuronal density, and synaptic proteins, in contact sport athletes (n = 185) and non-athlete controls (n = 52) within the sulcal depth, middle, and gyral crest of the dorsolateral frontal cortex. Cortical thickness and neuronal density were decreased within the sulcus in CTE compared to controls (p's < 0.05). Measurements of synaptic proteins within the gyral crest showed a reduction of α-synuclein with CTE stage (p = 0.002) and variable changes in PSD-95 density. After adjusting for age, multiple linear regression models demonstrated a strong association between the duration of contact sports play and cortical thinning (p = 0.001) and neuronal loss (p = 0.032) within the sulcus. Additional regression models, adjusted for tau pathology, suggest that within the sulcus, the duration of play was associated with neuronal loss predominantly through tau pathology. In contrast, the association of duration of play with cortical thinning was minimally impacted by tau pathology. Overall, CTE is associated with cortical atrophy and a predominant sulcal neurodegeneration. Furthermore, the duration of contact sports play is associated with measures of neurodegeneration that are more severe in the cortical sulcus and may occur through tau-dependent and independent mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines both the presentation content and institutional representation of the Rare Books and Manuscripts Section (RBMS) of the Association of College and Research Libraries (ACRL) of the American Library Association (ALA) conference from 2009 to 2021. An analysis of types of presentations and presentation topics reveals that types of sessions and session topics are consistent throughout the years. Presentations with a diversity focus remain low, despite an RBMS commitment to increase diversity, equity, and inclusion throughout the section. Multiple presenters from a single institution are common at the conference. There are few local presenters at the RBMS conference, but non-academic institutions are represented at all of the conferences studied. Taken together, these all have an influence on how RBMS creates and thinks about important work, standards, and best practices in the special collections field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article seeks to understand the current state of the field of special collections library administration in the United States. Using a dataset gathered through publicly available information about special collections directors from the Association of Research Libraries (ARL), Independent Research Libraries Association (IRLA), and the Oberlin Group institutional members, the authors explore the educational backgrounds of directors, the types of positions they held prior to taking on their current roles, and the effect of gender on leadership advancement. This article also discusses the similarities and differences between institution types as well as promotions within institutions and across types of institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article, titled "Chair's Note," discusses the work and initiatives of RBMS (Rare Books, Manuscripts, & Cultural Heritage), an all-volunteer organization. The chair reflects on the changes that RBMS has undergone over the past fifteen years and highlights the massive amount of work undertaken by the organization, including writing guidelines, providing cataloging resources, hosting webinars, and organizing a national conference. The article also mentions ongoing initiatives, such as transferring old conference presentations and documents to the ALA Institutional Repository for better access and long-term preservation. Additionally, the article mentions the upcoming hybrid conference in Costa Mesa, California, and the development of a new Diversity Action Plan. The Controlled Vocabularies Editorial Group is upgrading their software to improve the maintenance of vocabularies, and the Instruction and Outreach Committee is reviewing the Guidelines for Primary Source Literacy. The Executive Committee is available to answer questions and support members in their work. The author of the article is Sarah M. Horowitz, the current chair of RBMS. [Extracted from the article]

The article reviews the exhibition "Testimonies in Art and Action: Igniting Pacifism in the Face of Total War" at the Magill Library of Haverford College from October 6 to December 11, 2015.

The article stresses the significance of performing the recovery of pacifist art and actions via archival research of the modernist era which could encourage students to engage in radical ethical inquiry. Topics discussed include construction of a student digital humanities and collections exhibition, "Testimonies in Art & Action," which ran in Pennsylvania from October to December 2015, the importance of archival and special collections research, and the role of violence in the world history.

This study examined how hands-on work with original primary materials affects students' information literacy and critical thinking skills. The project team developed rubrics to evaluate document analyses from before and after student time in special collections. Most scores did not vary significantly between the pre- and posttests, although students' ability to analyze the materiality of documents did improve. They also examined papers from classes that had and had not used special collections against the Association of American Colleges and Universities' information literacy rubric and found no significant differences. The authors hope this project will serve as a pilot for future assessment of student learning in special collections. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Research is divided about the potential of e-service to bridge communication gaps, particularly to diverse user groups. According to the existing body of literature, e-service may either increase or decrease the quality of service received. This study analyzes the level of service received by different genders and ethnic groups when academic and public librarians answered 676 online reference queries. Quality of e-service was evaluated along three dimensions: timely response, reliability, and courtesy. This study found no significant differences among different user groups along any of these dimensions, supporting the argument that the virtual environment facilitates equitable service and may overcome some challenges of diverse user groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]