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Excessive lipid intake is linked to an elevated risk of health problems. However, reducing lipid contents may influence food structure and flavor. Some alternatives are needed to control the lipid absorption. Emulsions are common carriers for lipids, which can control the hydrolysis and absorption of lipids. Chitin (Ch) and chitosan (CS) are natural polysaccharides with good biodegradability, biocompatibility, and unique cationic properties. They have been reported to be able to delay lipolysis, which can be regarded as one of the most promising agents that regulates lipid digestion (LiD). The application of Ch/CS and their derivatives in emulsions are summarized in this review with a focus on their performances and mechanisms for LiD regulation, aiming to provide theoretical guidance for the development of novel Ch/CS emulsions, and the regulation of LiD. A reasonable design of emulsion interface can provide its resistance to the external environment and then control LiD. The properties of emulsion interface are the key factors affecting LiD. Therefore, systematic study on the relationship between Ch/CS-based emulsion structure and LiD can not only instruct the reasonable design of emulsion interface to accurately regulate LiD, but also provide scientific guidelines for applying Ch/CS in functional food, medicine and other fields. HIGHLIGHTS: Application of chitin/chitosan and their derivatives in emulsions Strategies to improve emulsifying properties of chitin/chitosan Digestion behaviors of chitin/chitosan emulsions during gastrointestinal digestion Rational design and potential mechanism of chitin/chitosan to regulate lipolysis [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The multiple blended-wing-body underwater glider (multi-BWBUG) cooperative system features high endurance and low noise. This system is highly suitable for performing the blockade mission offshore. However, the research on this mission has not yet been reported. Thus, this study first proposes a blockade scenario for a multi-BWBUG cooperative system. The corresponding blockade mechanism is also described. Then, several typical topologies, the occurrence probability of network state, inherent capability, combat capability, and blockade capability, are defined. Finally, a novel method is proposed to calculate the blockade capability of the multi-BWBUG cooperative system. The simulation results indicate that the transmitting source level and communication frequency of communication equipment influence the occurrence probability of the network state. In addition, the failure ratio of communication links and the number of primary communication links affect the combat and blockade capabilities of the multi-BWBUG cooperative system. The blockade capability generally increases with the increase in the detection range of passive sonar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Insulin icodec is a first once‐weekly administration basal insulin analogue for type 2 diabetes. This study aimed to investigate the price range of icodec for type 2 diabetes in the Chinese market, taking insulin degludec as reference. Materials and Methods: Long‐term health outcomes and costs for icodec and degludec were simulated using the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study Outcomes Model (version 2.1) over 40 years from the Chinese healthcare provider's perspective. The efficacy and safety data were obtained from the ONWARDS 2 trial (Switching to once‐weekly insulin icodec versus once‐daily insulin degludec in individuals with basal insulin‐treated type 2 diabetes (ONWARDS 2): a phase 3a, randomised, open label, multicentre, treat‐to‐target trial). Cost–utility analysis and a binary search were used to investigate the price range of icodec. Sensitivity analyses were performed to verify the robustness of the base‐case analysis results. Results: After a 40‐year simulation, the quality‐adjusted life years (QALY) of icodec and degludec were 10.32 and 10.28 years, respectively. At the initial assumption of the same annual costs of icodec and degludec of $455.40, icodec was the dominant therapy compared with degludec, with higher QALYs and lower total cost. After the binary search, we observed that the annual cost range of icodec was $625.17–$855.25. This cost range was finally adjusted to be $597.66–$736.34 using one‐way sensitivity analysis and confirmed using probabilistic sensitivity analysis and scenario analysis. The scenario analysis revealed that the annual cost range of icodec could be $506.70–$736.34 if the price of degludec decreased by 20% in the future. Conclusion: Insulin icodec appears to be more cost effective than degludec if the annual cost of icodec ranges from $597.66 to $736.34 for patients with type 2 diabetes in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To inhibit the growth and metastasis of triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC), two Fe(III) thiosemicarbazone complexes (Fe1 and Fe2) were designed and synthesized. The structures of the Fe(III) complexes were characterized by single crystal X‐ray diffraction. The antiproliferative activity of Fe1 and Fe2 against four cancer lines (MDA‐MB‐231, T98G, HepG2, 143B) and human renal proximal tubular epithelial cell line (HK‐2) was evaluated by MTT assay. Among all cells, Fe2 showed significant cytotoxicity to TNBC cells (MDA‐MB‐231), with an IC50 value of 12.38 μM. Furthermore, Fe2 showed less toxicity to HK‐2 cells. The two Fe(III) complexes can produce excess of reactive oxygen species, decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential, and induce DNA damage, then lead to apoptosis of MDA‐MB‐231 cells. In addition, Fe1 and Fe2 can also inhibit migration and invasion of MDA‐MB‐231 cells. This study provides guidance for the development of metal complexes that inhibit the growth and metastasis of TNBC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gray mold caused by Botrytis elliptica is one of the most determinative factors of lily growth and has become a major threat to lily productivity. However, the nature of the lily B. elliptica interaction remains largely unknown. Here, comparative transcriptomic and metabolomic were used to investigate the defense responses of resistant ('Sorbonne') and susceptible ('Tresor') lily cultivars to B. elliptica infection at 24 hpi. In total, 1326 metabolites were identified in 'Sorbonne' and 'Tresor' after infection, including a large number of phenylpropanoids. Specifically, the accumulation of four phenylpropanes, including eriodictyol, hesperetin, ferulic acid, and sinapyl alcohol, was significantly upregulated in the B. elliptica-infected 'Sorbonne' compared with the infected 'Tresor', and these phenylpropanes could significantly inhibit B. elliptica growth. At the transcript level, higher expression levels of F3′M, COMT, and CAD led to a higher content of resistance-related phenylpropanes (eriodictyol, ferulic acid, and sinapyl alcohol) in 'Sorbonne' following B. elliptica infection. It can be assumed that these phenylpropanes cause the resistance difference between 'Sorbonne' and 'Tresor', and could be the potential marker metabolites for gray mold resistance in the lily. Further transcriptional regulatory network analysis suggested that members of the AP2/ERF, WRKY, Trihelix, and MADS-M-type families positively regulated the biosynthesis of resistance-related phenylpropanes. Additionally, the expression patterns of genes involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis were confirmed using qRT-PCR. Therefore, we speculate that the degree of gray mold resistance in the lily is closely related to the contents of phenylpropanes and the transcript levels of the genes in the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway. Our results not only improve our understanding of the lily's resistance mechanisms against B. elliptica, but also facilitate the genetic improvement of lily cultivars with gray mold resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Patients with glioblastoma (GBM) have a poor prognosis and limited treatment options. The mRNA decapping enzyme scavenger (DCPS) is a cap-hydrolyzing enzyme. The DCPS inhibitor RG3039 exhibited excellent central nervous system bioavailability in vivo and was safe and well tolerated in healthy volunteers in a phase 1 clinical trial. In this study, we investigated the expression of DCPS in GBM and the anti-tumor activity of RG3039 in various preclinical models of GBM. Methods: DCPS expression was examined in human GBM and paired peritumoral tissues. Its prognostic role was evaluated together with clinicopathological characteristics of patients. The anti-GBM effect of RG3039 was determined using GBM cell lines, patient-derived organoids, and orthotopic mouse models. The therapeutic mechanisms of DCPS inhibition were explored. Results: DCPS is overexpressed in GBM and is associated with poor survival of patients with GBM. The DCPS inhibitor RG3039 exhibited robust anti-GBM activities in GBM cell lines, patient-derived organoids and orthotopic mouse models, with drug exposure achievable in humans. Mechanistically, RG3039 downregulated STAT5B expression, thereby suppressing proliferation, survival and colony formation of GBM cells. Conclusions: DCPS is a promising target for GBM. Inhibition of DCPS with RG3039 at doses achievable in humans downregulates STAT5B expression and reduces proliferation, survival and colony formation of GBM cells. Given the excellent anti-cancer activity and central nervous system bioavailability in vivo and good tolerance in humans, RG3039 warrants further study as a potential GBM therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), as porous materials, have great potential for exploring high-performance electrochemiluminescence (ECL) probes. However, the constrained applicability of MOFs in the realm of ECL biosensing is primarily attributed to their inadequate water stability, which consequently impairs the overall ECL efficiency. Herein, we developed a competitive ECL biosensor based on a novel tightest structural ruthenium-based organic framework emitter combining the proximity hybridization-induced catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) strategy and the quenching effect between the Ru-MOF and ferrocene for detecting paraquat (PQ). Through a simple hydrothermal synthesis strategy, ruthenium and 2,2ʹ-bipyrimidine (bpm) are head-to-head self-assembled to obtain a novel tightest structural Ru-MOF. Due to the metal–ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) effect between ruthenium and the bpm ligand and the connectivity between the internal chromophore units, the Ru-MOF exhibits strong ECL emissions. Meanwhile, the coordination-driven Ru-MOF utilizes strong metal–organic coordination bonds as building blocks, which effectively solves the problem of serious leakage of chromophores caused by water solubility. The sensitive analysis of PQ is realized in the range of 1 pg/mL to 1 ng/mL with a detection limit of 0.352 pg/mL. The tightest structural Ru-MOF driven by the coordination of ruthenium and bridging ligands (2,2ʹ-bipyrimidine, bpm) provides new horizons for exploring high-performance MOF-based ECL probes for quantitative analysis of biomarkers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exosomes play a crucial role in regulating crosstalk between tumor and tumor stem-like cells through their cargo molecules. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have recently been demonstrated to be critical factors in tumorigenesis. This study focuses on the molecular mechanism by which circRNAs from glioma stem-like cell (GSLC) exosomes regulate glioblastoma (GBM) tumorigenicity. In this study, we validated that GSLC exosomes accelerated the malignant phenotype of GBM. Subsequently, we found that circZNF800 was highly expressed in GSLC exosomes and was negatively associated with GBM patients. CircZNF800 promoted GBM cell proliferation and migration and inhibited GBM cell apoptosis in vitro. Silencing circZNF800 could improve the GBM xenograft model survival rate. Mechanistic studies revealed that circZNF800 activated the PIEZO1/Akt signaling pathway by sponging miR-139-5p. CircZNF800 derived from GSLC exosomes promoted GBM cell tumorigenicity and predicted poor prognosis in GBM patients. CircZNF800 has the potential to serve as a promising target for further therapeutic exploration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To investigate the most matchable price of tirzepatide (TIRZ) compared with semaglutide (SEMA) in the treatment of type 2 diabetes in China. Methods: The patient cohort and clinical efficacy data were derived from the SURPASS‐2 trial. Cost‐utility analysis and a binary search were performed to identify the most matchable price of TIRZ from a Chinese healthcare provider's perspective. Results: After lifetime simulation, the quality‐adjusted life years of TIRZ 5, 10, 15 mg and SEMA 1 mg were 11.17, 11.21, 11.27 and 11.12 years, respectively. Despite an initial assumption that the annual cost of TIRZ equals that of SEMA, our analysis revealed that TIRZ is probably more cost‐effective than SEMA. A thorough evaluation of pricing showed that the cost ranges for TIRZ at doses of 5, 10 and 15 mg were $1628.61‐$1846.23, $1738.40‐$2140.95 and $1800.30‐$2430.81, respectively. After adjustment in the univariate sensitivity analysis, the cost ranges for TIRZ 5, 10 and 15 mg were $1542.68‐$1757.57, $1573.00‐$1967.16 and $1576.54‐$2133.96, respectively. These cost intervals were validated through robust probabilistic sensitivity analysis and scenario analysis, except for the cost range for TIRZ 5 mg. Conclusions: This study shows that, using SEMA as a reference, the annual costs for TIRZ 10 and 15 mg are $1573.00‐$1967.16 and $1576.54‐$2133.96, respectively, for patients with type 2 diabetes in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

FeCoNi high-entropy alloy (HEA) is widely used in the aerospace and chemical industry. However, the strength and corrosion resistance of the alloy still need to be improved. In this paper, FeCoNiAl0.2Yx (x = 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 in mole ratio) high entropy alloys with different contents of rare earth (RE) element yttrium (Y) were prepared by the vacuum arc melting method, and then the alloys were subjected to annealing treatment at 800 °C/2h. The microstructure, hardness, magnetism, and corrosion performance of FeCoNiAl0.2Yx HEAs in the annealed state with different contents of element Y were analyzed. The results show that the annealed FeCoNiAl0.2Yx HEAs without the addition of element Y and after the addition of element Y both were composed of a face-centered cubic phase. The alloy showed a dendritic structure inside. The element Y was solidly dissolved in the alloys to refine the microstructure of the alloys, and the dendrites were gradually refined with the addition of Y. The Y element caused the phenomenon of lattice distortion inside the alloys, which led to the increase in the alloys' hardness. The alloy with x = 0.2 showed the greatest exchange of magnetic atoms and the alloy with x = 0.05 showed the lowest coercivity. The alloy with x = 0.1 showed the lowest self-corrosion current density, the broadest passivation zone, the densest dendrites, the smallest grain spacing, and the weakest tendency for intergranular corrosion. The present study shows that the introduction of element Y improves the microstructural morphology, hardness, magnetism, and corrosion properties of FeCoNiAl0.2Yx HEAs in the annealed state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Yb3+/Er3+-doped Bi2(MoO4)3−z(WO4)z phosphors were synthesized via a hydrothermal method combined with subsequent calcination. Under the excitation of a light source of 980 nm, Bi2(MoO4)3:Yb3+/Er3+ phosphors exhibited strong upconversion green light and weak red light emissions. By doping WO42− in Bi2(MoO4)3:Yb3+/Er3+ phosphors, the upconversion luminescence intensity of the phosphors significantly enhanced, which is 42 times higher than that of the undoped WO42− phosphor. With an increase in WO42− doping content, the final color coordinates of Bi2(MoO4)3−z(WO4)z:Yb3+/Er3+ phosphors were (0.2352, 0.7274), which is closer to the standard green CIE coordinates. The maximum CP of WO42−-doped phosphors is as high as 116.68%, which is 74.44% higher than that of the undoped WO42− phosphor. Based on the thermally coupled energy levels (TCLs) of Er3+ (2H11/2/4S3/2 → 4I15/2) in Bi2(MoO4)2.7(WO4)0.3:14%Yb3+,3%Er3+ phosphor, the SR value reached a maximum of 0.0081 K−1 at 323 K and the SA value reached a maximum of 0.0099 K−1 at 398 K. The obtained Bi2(MoO4)3−z(WO4)z:Yb3+/Er3+ phosphors are suitable for upconversion luminescent materials for green displays and have potential advantages in optical temperature measurement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chromium is a common heavy metal element that is harmful to the ecosystem as well as human health, so sensitive detection of chromium ions in solution is important for life and health. In this paper, a series of Eu3+-doped KBi3F10 fluorescent powders were successfully synthesized by a one-step solvothermal method for the selective detection of Cr3+, CrO42− and Cr2O72− ions in an aqueous solution. When adjusting the pH value to 3 and adding PVP as an additive, the obtained KBi3F10:12%Eu3+ phosphor showed excellent red luminescence. Due to the competitive absorption and the inner filter effect of Cr3+, CrO42− and Cr2O72− ions, the red emission from Eu3+ ions produces fluorescence quenching, which can be used to detect them with good selectivity. And the detection limits are as low as 0.19 μM, 0.38 μM and 0.094 μM for Cr3+, CrO42− and Cr2O72− ions, respectively. Other metal ions and common anions showed little interference with chromium ion detection. The obtained fluorescent probe has good recyclability, accurate and reliable detection results, simple operation and low cost and is easy to promote, which make it an excellent three-in-one probe for chromium detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the effectiveness and safety of once-weekly subcutaneous semaglutide compared to other glucose-lowering agents in real-world patients with type 2 diabetes. The study included 502 participants treated with semaglutide and 511 participants treated with other agents. The results showed that semaglutide was associated with significant improvements in glycemic control, weight loss, and cardiovascular risk factors. Additionally, a higher proportion of patients in the semaglutide group achieved the target HbA1c level compared to the non-GLP-1RA group. The study concludes that semaglutide can be beneficial for the management of type 2 diabetes in routine clinical practice. [Extracted from the article]

Cerebral infarction is a common neurological disease with high rates of morbidity, mortality, and recurrence, posing a great threat to human life and health. Cerebral infarction is the second leading cause of death in the world and the leading cause of long-term disability in humans. The results of the third national retrospective sampling survey on causes of death in 2008 showed that cerebral infarction has become the leading cause of death in China and its mortality rate is 4–5 times that of European and American countries. Therefore, this article proposed a study on the predictive value of Cmmi-MHR combined with thromboelastography parameters that was performed for acute cerebral infarction. This paper mainly proposed a high frame rate imaging technology and analyzed its algorithm. In this article, in the experimental part, an in-depth analysis of the predictive value of the Monocyte-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (MHR) combined with thromboelastography parameters was performed for acute cerebral infarction. The final experimental results showed that HDL (OR = 1.695%, P-trend = 0.049) had a probability of death within 90 days of hospitalization (OR = 0.81, 95% CI = 1.06–3.11, P-trend = 0.523). There were no significant differences in mortality rate after 90 days. Regardless of adjusting for confounders such as age, gender, and NIHSS score, there was no significant difference in the risk of MHR or monocyte count within 90 days of hospitalization. The conclusion indicates that the combination of Cmmi-MHR and thromboelastography parameters provides a new perspective and method for the diagnosis and treatment of cerebral infarction, and provides important support for personalized treatment and management of cerebral infarction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Soccer heading is adversely associated with neurocognitive performance, but whether greater neck strength or anthropometrics mitigates these outcomes is controversial. Here, we examine the effect of neck strength or anthropometrics on associations of soccer heading with neurocognitive outcomes in a large cohort of adult amateur players. Methods: 380 adult amateur league soccer players underwent standardized measurement of neck strength (forward flexion, extension, left lateral flexion, right lateral flexion) and head/neck anthropometric measures (head circumference, neck length, neck circumference and neck volume). Participants were assessed for heading (HeadCount) and cognitive performance (Cogstate) on up to 7 visits over a period of two years. Principal components analysis (PCA) was performed on 8 neck strength and anthropometric measures. We used generalized estimating equations to test the moderation effect of each of the three PCs on 8 previously identified adverse associations of 2-week and 12-month heading estimates with cognitive performance (psychomotor speed, immediate verbal recall, verbal episodic memory, attention, working memory) and of unintentional head impacts on moderate to severe central nervous system symptoms. Results: 3 principal components (PC's) account for 80% of the variance in the PCA. In men, PC1 represents head/neck anthropometric measures, PC2 represents neck strength measures, and PC3 represents the flexor/extensor (F/E) ratio. In women, PC1 represents neck strength, PC2 represents anthropometrics, and PC3 represents the F/E ratio. Of the 48 moderation effects tested, only one showed statistical significance after Bonferroni correction, which was not robust to extensive sensitivity analyses. Conclusion: Neither neck strength nor anthropometrics mitigate adverse associations of soccer heading with cognitive performance in adult amateur players. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly vascularized tumor, one of the most common and lethal cancer-related tumor deaths worldwide, with cell proliferation playing a key role. In this study our western blot results and data from TAGC demonstrate a strong association between Sorcin (SRI) overexpression and poor outcomes in HCC. Moreover, SRI overexpression was remarkably effective in promoting proliferation in vitro and increasing tumor growth in vivo, which were attenuated by knocking down SRI. Mechanistically, SRI regulated vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and vascular endothelial growth factor B (VEGFB) through PI3K/Akt/FOXO1 signal pathway. Overall, our study indicates that SRI stimulates HCC growth by controlling VEGFA/B, which presents a fresh insight into the pathogenesis of hepatocarcinogenesis and a new therapeutic target for HCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For a given matrix G ∈ R k × n , let the set Ω G = Null (G) , and let A S Ω G (R n × n) = { A ∈ R n × n | (A x , y) = (x , - A y) , ∀ x , y ∈ Ω G } , that is, AS Ω G (R n × n) is the set of all anti-symmetric matrices on Ω G . In this paper, we first consider the following problem (Problem 1): Given A ∈ R m × n , B ∈ R m × m , find X ∈ AS Ω G (R n × n) such that A X A ⊤ = B . Then, we consider the associated optimal approximation problem: Given X ~ ∈ R n × n , find X ^ ∈ S Ω G (A , B) such that X ^ = arg min X ∈ S Ω G (A , B) ‖ X - X ~ ‖ , where ‖ · ‖ is the Frobenius norm and S Ω G (A , B) is the solution set of Problem 1. By using the generalized singular value decomposition of a matrix pair, we deduce the solvability condition and the representation of the general solution of Problem 1. Moreover, we obtain the unique approximation solution X ^ of the optimal approximation problem. Finally, a numerical example is presented to show the correctness of our result. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Sacituzumab govitecan (SG) has recently been approved in China for the post-line treatment of metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC). SG substantially improves progression-free survival and overall survival compared with single-agent chemotherapy for pretreated mTNBC. However, in view of the high price of SG, it is necessary to consider its value in terms of costs and outcomes. This study aimed to estimate the cost-effectiveness of SG versus single-agent treatment of physician's choice (TPC) in the post-line setting for patients with mTNBC from a Chinese healthcare system perspective. Methods: The cohort characteristics were sourced from the ASCENT randomized clinical trial, which enrolled 468 heavily pretreated patients with mTNBC between November 2017 and September 2019. A partitioned survival model was constructed to assess the long-term costs and effectiveness of SG versus TPC in the post-line treatment of mTNBC. Quality-adjusted life-months (QALMs) and total costs in 2022 US dollars were used to derive incremental cost effectiveness ratio (ICER). QALMs and costs were discounted at 5% annually. The willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold was defined as $3188 per QALM, three times China's average monthly per capita gross domestic product in 2022. One-way sensitivity analysis, probabilistic sensitivity analysis, and scenario analyses were performed to estimate the robustness of the results. Results: Treatment with SG yielded an incremental 5.17 QALMs at a cost of $44,792 per QALM, much above the WTP threshold of $3188/QALM in China. One-way sensitivity analysis showed that SG price was a crucial factor in the ICER. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis revealed that the cost-effective acceptability of SG was 0% in the current setting. Scenario analyses indicated that the result was robust in all subgroups in ASCENT or under different time horizons. Furthermore, SG must reduce the price to enter the Chinese mainland market. When the monthly cost of SG reduce to $2298, SG has about 50% probability to be a preferred choice than TPC. Conclusions: SG was estimated to be not cost-effective compared with TPC for post-line treatment for mTNBC in China by the current price in HK under a WTP threshold of $3188 per QALM. A drastic price reduction is necessary to improve its cost-effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of static solution-assisted laser drilling can effectively improve hole roundness, decrease taper angle, and reduce recast layer thickness and hole wall slag adhesion. However, the enormous energy of the laser will evaporate the solution to form a suspension droplet and reduce the quality and efficiency of laser drilling. To deal with this defect, the mist-blowing method was used to reduce the influence of droplets on the taper angle and recast layer. In this work, the effect of wind speed on drilling quality was examined, and laser drilling in air, water, and NaCl solution was carried out to analyse the effect of solution composition on hole wall morphology. The results showed that a speed fan with a proper wind speed that disperses the droplets formed in the processing area can significantly reduce the refraction and scattering of the laser, and the taper angle and roundness of the drilling hole were also reduced by 15.6% and improved by 2.4%, respectively, under the wind speed of 2 m/s. The hole wall morphology showed a thicker recast layer and cracking in air, while it was thinner in water and there was little or no layer in the NaCl solution in the same current. When drilling in NaCl, the taper angle and roundness of the drilling hole were reduced by 4.13% and improved by 2.11%, respectively, compared to water. Due to the mechanical effect of the laser in the NaCl solution, the impact force on the material was much greater than that in water. The solution cavitation effect, generated by the absorption of laser energy, caused an explosive impact on the molten material adhered to the surface of the hole wall. Above all, drilling in the NaCl solution with a current of 200 A and a wind speed of 2 m/s was the optimal condition for obtaining the best processing quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangements have been reported as an important oncogenic driver in 5– 7% non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Reports about the intergenic region (IGR) as an ALK fusion partner are rare. In this study, we report a novel IGR (chr2: 30,316,870)-ALK fusion in an advanced lung adenocarcinoma patient that responded effectively to crizotinib combined with pemetrexed. Case Presentation: A 68-year-old Chinese female was diagnosed with stage IV right lung adenocarcinoma (cT3N3M1c). The targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) of 14 cancer-related genes identified an IGR (chr2: 30,316,870)-ALK fusion. Her lung lesions have been successfully converted from a partial response to a complete response after administrating crizotinib for 1 year combined with 6 cycles of chemotherapy with pemetrexed. So far, her progression-free-survival has reached 21 months. Conclusion: In this case, we firstly report a novel IGR (chr2: 30,316,870)-ALK fusion by using targeted NGS, and highlight the efficacy of crizotinib combined with pemetrexed to reduce unbearable gastrointestinal adverse reactions. It provides valuable clinical guidance for the treatment of similar cases in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the impacts of long non-coding RNA (LncRNA) GNAS antisense RNA1 (GNAS-AS1) on the proliferation and migration of gastric cancer ( GC) cells by regulating the miR-449a/ Notch1 axis. Method Tumor tissue and adjacent tissue samples were collected from 30 patients diagnosed with GC at Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital from September 2013 to September 2017; GC cells AGS were randomly divided into Control group, si-NC group, si-GNAS-AS1 group, si-GNAS-AS1+inhibitor NC group, and si-GNAS-AS1+miR-449a inhibitor group. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR method was applied to detect the expression of GNAS-AS1, miR-449a, and Notch1 mRNA; MTT experiments and plate cloning experiments were applied to detect the proliferation ; wound healing test was applied to detect cell migration ; Transwell experiment was applied to detect cell invasion. Western Blot was applied to detect the expression of Notch1, E-cadherin, Vimentin, and N-cadherin proteins. Double Luciferase reporter gene experiment was applied to verify the relationship between GNAS-AS1 and miR-449a, between miR-449a and Notch1, respectively. Results Compared with adjacent tissues, the expression of GNAS-AS1 and Notch1 mRNA in tumor tissue was increased, the expression of miR-449a was reduced (P < 0.05). Compared with the Control group and si-NC group, the expression of GNAS-AS1, OD490 value, number of clones formed, scratch healing rate, number of cell invasions, and the expression of Notch1, Vimentin, and N-cadherin proteins in AGS cells in the si-GNAS-AS1 group reduced, the expression of miR-449a and E-cadherin protein increased (P < 0.05). Compared with the si-GNAS-ASl group and the si-GNAS-ASl+inhibitor NC group, the OD490 value, scratch healing rate, number of cell invasions, Notch1, Vimentin, and N-cadherin expression in the si-GNAS-AS1+miR-449a inhibitor group increased, the expression of miR-449a and E-cadherin protein reduced (P < 0.05). GNAS-AS1 targeted and negatively regulated miR-449a expression, while miR-449a targeted and negatively regulated Notch1 expression. Conclusion Silencing GNAS-AS1 may inhibit the expression of Notchl protein by up-regulating miR-449a, thereby inhibiting the proliferation, migration, and invasion processes of GC cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monoclinic AgTbW2O8:Eu3+ crystals were prepared by a simple one-step hydrothermal method. The phase, morphology and luminescence properties of the obtained phosphors were systematically characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and photoluminescence (PL). The effects of solution pH, W/Tb molar ratios and reaction temperatures as well as reaction times on the size and morphology of the final products were discussed, and the possible formation mechanism of the almond-like structure was proposed. The down-conversion luminescence properties and energy transfer behavior of the AgTbW2O8:Eu3+ phosphors were studied under ultraviolet light excitation. The emission lights were obtained from green to yellow-green to yellow to red by setting different ratios of Tb3+/Eu3+. The temperature-dependent fluorescence test data showed that AgTbW2O8:Eu3+ phosphors have good temperature stability. In addition, by doping alkali metal ions Li+, Na+, and K+ in AgTbW2O8:Eu3+ phosphors, it is found that the luminescence intensity of phosphors doped with alkali metal ions is enhanced compared with that of phosphors without alkali metal ions, and the phosphor doped with K+ has the largest luminescence intensity, which is due to the introduction of K+ making the crystal field produce the greatest asymmetry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The chromium (Cr) evaporation from balance-of-plant (BoP) component alloys in high-temperature environments can severely deteriorate the electrochemical performance of solid oxide cells (SOCs) in fuel (SOFC) and electrolysis (SOEC) modes. However, accurate assessment of Cr evaporation is challenging due to potential interferences from the experimental conditions and test apparatus. In this study, we investigate four distinct methods for assessing the Cr evaporation rates of candidate alumina-forming austenitic and chromia-forming austenitic BoP alloys under relevant simulated SOC operating conditions of 800–900 °C in air with 10% H2O. A method using a sodium carbonate coated thin alumina tube is identified, which effectively mitigates the interference caused by (1) the deposition of silicon deposits originating from quartz furnace tubes, (2) detrimental effects of sodium species on the oxidation process of alloys from the sodium carbonate used to enhance Cr oxy hydroxide species capture, or (3) chemical interaction between Cr gaseous species and the alumina furnace tube. This optimal method provides improved assessment of Cr evaporation, enabling further efforts to build correlation between Cr species quantities to the degradation rates of SOCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of prostate (STEAP) family members are known to be involved in various tumor-related biological processes and showed its huge potential role in tumor immunotherapy. Methods: Biological differences were investigated through Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and tumor microenvironment analysis by CIBERSORT. Tumor mutation burden (TMB), immunotherapy response and chemotherapeutic drugs sensitivity were estimated in R. Results: We established a prognostic signature with the formula: risk score = STEAP1 × 0.3994 + STEAP4 × (− 0.7596), which had a favorable concordance with the prediction. The high-risk group were enriched in cell cycle and RNA and protein synthesis related pathways, while the low-risk group were enriched in complement and metabolic related pathways. And the risk score was significantly correlated with immune cell infiltration. Most notably, the patients in the low-risk group were characterized with increased TMB and decreased tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion (TIDE) score, indicating that these patients showed better immune checkpoint blockade response. Meanwhile, we found the patients with high-risk were more sensitive to some drugs related to cell cycle and apoptosis. Conclusions: The novel signature based on STEAPs may be effective indicators for predicting prognosis, and provides corresponding clinical treatment recommendations for HCC patients based on this classification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Stanford type B aortic dissection (TB‐AD) is a life‐threatening vascular condition with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Currently, thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) is widely performed to treat TB‐AD, and some studies have analyzed the influence of stents on hemodynamics using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models. However, the accuracy of TB‐AD simulation models are not satisfactory, they are often constructed as a regular ideal model. Furthermore, it is unclear which tear should be closed for the best treatment when there are multi entry tears. Purpose: The aims of this paper were to provide an assessment method for the selection of the surgical closure location for type B aortic dissection. Five 3D models of multiple entry tears in type B aortic dissection were produced using real patient computed tomography (CT) images to perform hemodynamic analyses of flow velocity streamlines, wall pressure, and wall shear stress. Methods: A Boolean operation was adopted to establish 3D models with multiple entry tears in type B aortic dissection based on patient‐specific CT images. The Mimics and Ansys plug‐in The Integrated Computer Engineering and Manufacturing code for Computational Fluid Dynamics (ICEM CFD) software were applied to mesh the 3D models. The flow velocity streamlines, wall pressures, and wall shear stresses were then analyzed in the finite element analysis software Fluent. Five 3D models were produced to compare the hemodynamic characteristics of different entry tear numbers, as well as the changes of different closure positions before and after closure. Results: The false lumen of the model with two entry tears had a higher wall pressure than that of model with multiple entry tears, which may tend to squeeze the true lumen and expand the false lumen. The load distribution of the vessel in the model with multiple entry tears had a more balanced flow velocity, and its wall pressure and shear stress were lower than that of model with two entry tears. For aortic dissection with two entry tears, the closure of the proximal entry tear was recommended, which helped to isolate and thrombose the false lumen, thereby improving the blood supply function of the true lumen. Because the postoperative vascular flow velocity and mechanical load performance of the vascular wall were still higher than those of normal blood vessels, the postoperative blood vessels remained pathological, and TEVAR did not restore the blood vessels to their original healthy state. Conclusions: Type B aortic dissection with two entry tears tend to squeeze the true lumen and expand the false lumen, resulting in a new entry tear and deterioration into multiple entry type B aortic dissection. The model of the vessel with multiple entry tears had a more balanced distribution in flow velocity and a smaller wall pressure and shear stress than that of the vessel with two entry tears. The closure of the proximal entry tear was considered an ideal solution for type B aortic dissection with two entry tears. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, micromagnetic simulations are employed to investigate terahertz (THz) magnetic excitations in a spin torque nano-oscillator (STNO) with a perpendicularly magnetized synthetic antiferromagnetic (SAF) free layer. The magnetization precession of the free layer can be finely tuned into the sub-THz range without the necessity of external magnetic fields. The excited frequency exhibits two distinctive regions, namely region-I and region-II, depending on the applied current strength. In region-I, characterized by relatively small currents, the two ferromagnetic layers are stabilized at two separate precession orbits. The frequency in this region decreases with current strength, exhibiting similar features as the Néel vector change observed in antiferromagnets. In contrast, region-II is defined by currents where the two ferromagnetic layers synchronize into the same precession orbit. The frequency increases with current, correlating with the variation in the net magnetization of the SAF layer. An analytical model is developed through the canonical transformation of Lagrange's equation, which can describe the frequency dependence on both the applied current and the antiferromagnetic interlayer coupling strengths. The simulations and the analytical model show good agreement, offering a more profound understanding of the magnetic excitation properties in STNOs with ultrathin SAF free layers. These insights are crucial for the design of advanced terahertz spintronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) expressed substantial improvement in the progression-free survival and overall survival contrasted with trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) in patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer (mBC), becoming the second-line standard of care, promisingly. We aim to estimate the cost–utility of T-DXd versus T-DM1 in HER2-positive mBC from the Chinese healthcare perspective. Methods: A partitioned survival model was applied to examine the cost–utility of T-DXd versus T-DM1. Clinical patients and outcome data were sourced from the DESTINY-Breast 03 trial. Costs and utilities were sourced in Chinese setting. Total costs, quality-adjusted life months (QALMs), and an incremental cost–utility ratios (ICUR) were calculated for cost–utility analysis. The willingness-to-pay threshold was set at $3188/QALM. Univariate, scenario, and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed. Results: T-DXd group gained ∆QALM of 7.09 months and ∆Cost of $304,503 compared with T-DM1 therapy, which caused an ICUR of $42,936/QALM. The results of sensitivity analyses confirmed the base-case findings. Furthermore, T-DXd must reduce the price to enter the Chinese mainland market. At least when the cycle cost of T-DXd is reduced to $2975, T-DXd has an 83.3% chance of becoming a better choice. Conclusions: T-DXd appears to be not cost effective compared with T-DM1 for HER2-positive mBC patients previously treated with trastuzumab and a taxane. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A bias current in the power system will cause saturation of the measuring current transformer (CT), leading to an increase in measurement error. Therefore, in this paper, we first conducted measurements of the direct current component in a 10 kV distribution system. Subsequently, a reverse extraction method for the CT distorted current under direct current bias conditions based on Random Forest Classification (RFC) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) was proposed. This method involves two stages for the reverse extraction of CT distorted currents under direct current bias conditions. In the offline stage, data samples were generated by changing the operating environment of the CT. The RFC classification algorithm was used to divide the saturation levels of the CT, and for each sub-class, Particle Swarm Optimization–Long Short-Term Memory Network (PSO-LSTM) models were trained to establish the mapping relationship between the secondary distorted current and the primary current fundamental component. In the online stage, the saturated data segments were extracted from the secondary current waveform using wavelet transform, and these segments were input into the offline model for current reverse extraction. The simulation results show that the proposed method exhibited strong robustness under various CT conditions, and achieved high reconstruction accuracy for the primary current. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the association between weight-adjusted-waist index (WWI) and sarcopenic obesity (SO) in patients with maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). Methods: A multicenter, cross-sectional study that included 3311 adult MHD patients was conducted in 20 hemodialysis (HD) centers from June 1, 2021, to August 30, 2021. Body composition was evaluated by body composition monitor based on bioimpedance spectroscopy. Hand grip strength was measured by CAMRY® dynamometer. WWI was calculated as waist circumference (cm) divided by the square root of body weight (kg). Multiple logistic regression models, spearman correlation analysis, and receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were conducted. Results: The median age of the study was 55 years, and 39.4% of patients were female. The prevalence of SO was 22.7% in the total population, and patients with SO had higher WWI. Higher WWI quartiles were independently associated with a higher risk of SO in men after adjusting for potential confounders, including age, dialysis vintage, body mass index, biochemical indicators, and various medical histories; the odds ratio (OR) of SO was highest in the fourth quartile of the WWI (OR: 4.08, 95% confidence interval: 2.65–6.27, P for trend <0.001). Age-adjusted WWI provided a better diagnostic power than WWI only for SO in men (area under the ROC curve: 0.72 vs. 0.68, P < 0.001). WWI was not associated with SO in female HD patients. Conclusion: WWI is independently associated with SO in male but not female MHD patients. This anthropometric index is simple to calculate, making it applicable in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To update and assess the efficacy and tolerability of once weekly subcutaneous semaglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Materials and methods: PubMed, Science Direct, Cochrane Library, Clinical trial, Springer, OVID, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WanFang Data and China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP) were searched from inception to January 18, 2023. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing subcutaneous semaglutide with placebo or any other antidiabetic agent in adults with T2D were eligible. The risk ratio (RR) and mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were determined to synthesize the results. Results: A total of 17 trials enrolling 14,940 T2D patients were included. For efficacy, compared with placebo, semaglutide exhibited beneficial effects on glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) control [MD -0.97%, 95% CI (-1.33, -0.62), I2 = 91%; MD -1.36%, 95% CI (-1.59, -1.13), I2 = 84%, semaglutide 0.5 and 1.0 mg, respectively], body weight reduction, blood pressure control. At the same time, subcutaneous semaglutide 0.5 and 1 mg reduced HbA1c by 0.56% (95% CI 0.32 to 0.80) and 0.63% (95% CI 0.35 to 0.91) compared to other glucose-lowering agents. For tolerability, semaglutide did not increase the incidence of adverse events (AEs) and serious adverse events (SAEs), severe or blood glucose (BG) confirmed hypoglycaemia, acute pancreatitis and diabetic retinopathy compared to placebo or active comparators, but did increase the risk of nausea, diarrhea and vomiting. Conclusions: Semaglutide has a better effect on glycaemic control and weight loss than other therapies. Nevertheless, semaglutide was associated with increased incidence of gastrointestinal-related disorders. Further large, multicenter randomized controlled clinical trials are still needed to obtain more robust evidence to better guide clinical treatment decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To study the value of shear wave elasticity and shear wave dispersion imaging to evaluate the viscoelasticity of renal parenchyma in children with glomerular diseases. Methods: Forty-three children with glomerular diseases were prospectively evaluated by shear wave elasticity (SWE) and shear wave dispersion imaging (SWD); 43 healthy volunteers served as the control group. The shear wave velocities (SWV) and the dispersion slopes were measured at the upper, middle, and lower poles of both kidneys. The analysis of mean SWV and mean dispersion slope in control and patient groups was used to further evaluate the value of SWE and SWD in the viscoelasticity of renal parenchyma in children with glomerular disease. Results: The mean SWV in children with glomerular disease was higher than that in the healthy control group (1.61 ± 0.09 m/s vs. 1.43 ± 0.07 m/s, p < 0.001). Compared with healthy group, the mean dispersion slope in children with glomerular disease was significantly increased (13.5 ± 1.39 (m/s)/kHz vs. 12.4 ± 1.40 (m/s)/kHz, p < 0.001). Correlation analysis showed absence of correlation between the SWV and dispersion slope of occult blood, serum creatinine, 24-h urine protein, blood albumin, BMI and ROI box depth of children with glomerular disease. Conclusions: The present study shows that it is feasible to use SWE and SWD to evaluate the difference of viscoelasticity of the renal parenchyma between healthy children and those with glomerular disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the effect of intracellular water (ICW) evaluated by the bioelectrical Impedance Spectroscopy (BIS) on the risk of incident cognitive impairment (CI) in chronic hemodialysis (HD) patients. Methods: Three thousand three hundred eighty‐five patients were recruited and monitored prospectively for up to 3 years (the median follow‐up time, 2 years) in this observational cohort study. Mini‐Mental State Examination score (MMSE) was used to assess the global cognitive function. ICW was measured by body composition monitor based on BIS. Multiple Cox regression models, stratified analyses, and interactive analyses were conducted. Results: During the follow‐up period, 1256 patients (37.1%) experienced incident CI. The incidence of CI was increased with decreasing quartiles of ICW (27.4%, 32.2%, 38.9%, and 50.1% for the fourth, third, second, and first quartiles, respectively). Decreased ICW was significantly associated with incident CI. The association remained statistically significant even after adjusting for age, sex, education, albumin, C‐reactive protein, residual renal function and various medical histories. The hazard ratios were 1.38 (1.17–1.64) and 1.28 (1.08–1.52) for ICW quartile 1 and quartile 2, respectively (reference, quartile 4). The association stably existed across subgroups, and the residual renal function had an interactive role in the association between ICW and incident CI (p = 0.014). Conclusion: Low baseline ICW was an independent risk factor for CI in chronic HD patients. Our finding highlights the necessity of using BIS to measure body composition when assessing the risk of CI in HD patients. Key points: Cognitive impairment (CI) is a common complication in patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD), causing poor patient prognosis.Body composition is reported to be associated with the risk of CI; however, there is limited evidence about the relationship between body cell waters and CI.In this observational cohort study involving 3385 patients, low baseline intracellular water (ICW) was an independent risk factor for incident CI in chronic HD patients, which provides a basis for monitoring the changes of ICW. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Circadian rhythm is an intrinsic mechanism developed by organisms to adapt to external environmental signals. Nowadays, owing to the job and after-work entertainment, staying up late – Circadian rhythm disorders (CRD) are common. CRD is linked to the development of fatty liver, type 2 diabetes, and chronic gastroenteritis, which affecting the body's metabolic and inflammatory responses via multi-organ crosstalk (gut-liver-brain axis, etc.). However, studies on the mechanisms of multi-organ interactions by CRD are still weak. Current studies on therapeutic agents for CRD remain inadequate, and phytochemicals have been shown to alleviate CRD-induced syndromes that may be used for CRD-therapy in the future. Tea, a popular phytochemical-rich beverage, reduces glucolipid metabolism and inflammation. But it is immature and unclear in the mechanisms of alleviation of CRD-mediated syndrome. Here, we have analyzed the threat of CRD to hosts and their offspring' health from the perspective of the "gut-liver-brain" axis. The potential mechanisms of tea in alleviating CRD were further explored. It might be by interfering with bile acid metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, and G protein-coupled receptors, with FXR, AHR, and GPCR as potential targets. We hope to provide new perspectives on the role of tea in the prevention and mitigation of CRD. The review highlights the health challenges of CRD via the gut-liver-brain axis. CRD research should focus on the health effects on healthy models and its offspring. Tea may prevent CRD by regulating bile acid, tryptophan, and GPCR. Potential targets for tea prevention and mitigation of CRD include FXR, AHR and GPCR. A comprehensive assessment mechanism for tea in improving CRD should be established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hyperuricemia is an abnormal purine metabolic disease that occurs when there is an excess of uric acid in the blood, associated with cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, gout, and renal disease. Dietary intervention is one of the most promising strategies for preventing hyperuricemia and controlling uric acid concentrations. Tea (Camellia sinensis) is known as one of the most common beverages and the source of dietary polyphenols. However, the effect of tea on hyperuricemia is unclear. Recent evidence shows that a lower risk of hyperuricemia is associated with tea intake. To better understand the anti-hyperuricemia effect of tea, this review first briefly describes the pathogenesis of hyperuricemia and the processing techniques of different types of tea. Next, the epidemiological and experimental studies of tea and its bioactive compounds on hyperuricemia in recent years were reviewed. Particular attention was paid to the anti-hyperuricemia mechanisms targeting the hepatic uric acid synthase, renal uric acid transporters, and intestinal microbiota. Additionally, the desirable intake of tea for preventing hyperuricemia is provided. Understanding the anti-hyperuricemia effect and mechanisms of tea can better utilize it as a preventive dietary strategy. Highlights High purine diet, excessive alcohol/fructose consumption, and less exercise/sleep are the induction factors of hyperuricemia. Tea and tea compounds showed alleviated effects for hyperuricemia, especially polyphenols. Tea (containing caffeine or not) is not associated with a higher risk of hyperuricemia. Xanthine oxidase inhibition (reduce uric acid production), Nrf2 activation, and urate transporters regulation (increase uric acid excretion) are the potential molecular targets of anti-hyperuricemic effect of tea. About 5 g tea intake per day may be beneficial for hyperuricemia prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The official establishment of China's national parks marks a new stage in the construction of China's ecological civilization system. National parks systematically protect the areas with the richest biodiversity and the most complete ecosystem processes in China. This is beneficial not only for China's natural conservation work, but also for the world's response to environmental issues, such as climate change. Based on remote sensing images of land use in the four periods 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2020, this study calculated the land use changes in each national park during the corresponding period. Using the Plus model LEAS module, the driving factors of land use change in the national parks were studied and explored. In addition, the study used the InVEST model carbon storage module, using remote sensing images from different periods and the corresponding carbon pools of each national park as the basic data for model operation, to obtain the carbon storage changes in each national park over the past 30 years. Based on the hotspot analysis function, the hotspot areas of carbon storage changes in the national parks in the past 30 years were determined. Consequently, based on the CARS module of the PLUS model, the carbon storage in Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park in 2030 was estimated under different scenarios. Research suggested that, except for Sanjiangyuan National Park where grassland is the main land use type, the other four national parks are all dominated by forests, and the expansion and changes in the main land use types were due to human activities. In the past 30 years, the carbon storage in China's national park ecosystem has mainly shown a trend of first increasing and then gradually decreasing. Based on the changes in carbon storage in the national park, restoration scenarios were simulated for the core protected and generally controlled areas of Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park. Under the ideal scenario, the highest value of carbon storage would be achieved by 2030, which would be 7,468,250 t higher than that in 2020. The present study provides a reference for the regional management of China's national parks and further confirms that the implementation of the national park system can enhance China's ability to achieve carbon peaking and neutrality goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID-19 is a dangerous disease that directly damages human health, with the properties of severely contagious and highly variable. It is endangering the health and safety of people all around the world. Thus, it compels governments to seek rapid detection, diagnosis and treatment, and epidemic forecasting approaches under the consumption of considerable human resources, material, and financial resources, for the purpose of curbing its development. In view of diverse merits, such as flexibility, rapidity, and non-intrusion, artificial intelligence (AI) techniques have unparalleled advantages in the rapid, non-contact auxiliary diagnosis and epidemic prediction of COVID-19. This paper reviews the AI's technical advances and clinical applications in the COVID-19 epidemic, including computer-aided diagnosis and epidemic prediction, especially the pipelines of medical imaging and analytical techniques. The survey aims to comprehensively investigate the application of AI technologies in the fight against the epidemic and attempt to organize related works in a globally understandable way. This survey also summarizes current challenging issues in the diagnosis and prediction of COVID-19 with AI technologies and puts forward some suggestions for future work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let S R Ω n × n be the set of all n × n symmetric matrices on subspace Ω , where Ω = { z ∈ R n | G z = 0 , G ∈ R k × n }. The necessary and sufficient conditions for the matrix equations A X = B and X C = D to have a common solution in S R Ω n × n and also an expression for the general common solution are obtained. Further, the associated optimal approximate problem to a given matrix X ~ ∈ R n × n is discussed and the optimal approximate solution is elucidated. Finally, a numerical experiment is presented to validate the accuracy of our result. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Existing bone tissue engineering strategies aim to achieve minimize surgical trauma, stabilize the injured area, and establish a dynamic osteogenic microenvironment. The cutting‐edge bone glue developed in this study satisfies these criteria. Inspired by the excellent adhesive properties of mussels, herein, a super osteogenic glue (L‐DPZ) that integrates poly(vinyl alcohol), L‐dopa amino acid, and zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 characterized by catechol–metal coordination is used to successfully adhere to hard tissue with a maximum adhesive strength of 10 MPa, which is much higher than those of commercial and previously reported bone glues. The stable hard tissue adhesion also enables it to adhere strongly to luxated or broken teeth, Bio‐Oss (a typical bone graft material), and splice fragments from comminuted fractures of the rabbit femur. Then, it is testified that the L‐DPZ hydrogels exhibit satisfactory biocompatibility, stable degradability, and osteogenic ability in vitro. Moreover, the ability to anchor Bio‐Oss and sustained osteogenesis of L‐DPZ result in satisfactory healing in calvarial bone defect models in rabbits, as observed by increased bone thickness and the ingrowth of new bone tissue. These results are expected to demonstrate solutions to clinical dilemmas such as comminuted bone fracture fixation, bone defect reconstruction, and teeth dislocation replantation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Luminous properties play an essential role in phosphor-converted white light-emitting diodes for high-quality illumination, where the self-reducing behavior of doped activators and their excellent thermal stability have received significant attention. Here, we prepared NaY9Si6O26:Mn2+ red phosphors by a high-temperature solid-state reaction method, which achieved self-reduction of Mn4+ → Mn2+ and excellent thermal stability (luminous intensity at 420 K is 98% of that at room temperature) under ambient conditions. First-principles calculations and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy elucidated a self-reduction mechanism from Mn4+ to Mn2+. The defect types were calculated in conjunction with thermoluminescence, verifying that the low thermal quenching properties originated from the transfer of electrons from the defect energy level to the Mn2+ excited state center induced by the cationic vacancy defect, which suppressed the luminescence loss from thermal quenching. In this work, the effect of defects on luminescence properties is highlighted and the further exploration of defect control is stimulated, opening up a new avenue for new types of highly thermally stable materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Growing evidence indicates an association between NAFLD and gallstone disease (GD), while some does not support this. The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the bidirectional association between NAFLD and GD. Five electronic databases were searched from inception to May 2022. The association was analyzed based on the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) with Reviewer Manager 5.3. Ten studies involving 284,512 participants met the criteria for GD predicting the onset of NAFLD. GD patients had a higher incidence of NAFLD (OR:1.48, CI:1.32–1.65, p < 0.00001), especially the incidence of moderate-to-severe NAFLD (OR:1.63; CI:1.40–1.79), with females at a higher risk (OR: 1.84; CI: 1.48–2.29). The inverse association was explored in eight studies involving 326,922 participants. The GD incidence in NAFLD patients was higher (OR:1.71, CI:1.63–1.79, p < 0.00001) and may increase due to female sex (OR: 4.18; CI: 1.21–14.37) and high BMI (OR: 1.80; CI: 1.36–2.56), compared with the non-NAFLD group. Besides, this bidirectional association was also confirmed in the Chinese population. The findings supported positive concurrent and bidirectional relationships between NAFLD and GD. Therefore, clinicians may alert the possibility of NAFLD in patients with GD and vice versa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) is a typical difficult-to-process material. Its drilling quality is directly affected by the processing technology and tool life; burrs, tearing, delamination and other defects will reduce the service life of GFRP structural parts. Through drilling damage and tool wear experiments of GFRP, the thrust force, vibration amplitude, the number of processed holes, feed rate and cutting speed were found to be the main factors in drilling damage and tool wear. Using those main factors as the input layer, a tool wear and delamination factors prediction model was established based on an improved circle chaotic mapping (CCM) Grey Wolf algorithm for a back propagation (BP) neural network. Compared with the original BP neural network, the maximum prediction error of the improved BP neural network model was reduced by 71.2% and the root mean square (RMS) prediction error was reduced by 63.82%. The maximum prediction error of the delamination factor at the entrance was less than 3%, and the maximum prediction error of the delamination factor at the exit was less than 1%. The prediction results showed that the BP neural network model optimized by an improved circle chaotic mapping Grey Wolf algorithm can better predict the GFRP drilling quality and tool wear, and had higher accuracy, optimization efficiency and better robustness than the ordinary BP neural network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]