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Background: Reliable blood biomarkers are crucial for early detection and treatment evaluation of cognitive impairment, including Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. Objective: To examine whether plasma biomarkers and their combination are different between older people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and cognitively normal individuals, and to explore their relations with cognitive performance. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 250 older adults, including 124 participants with MCI, and 126 cognitively normal participants. Plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), irisin and clusterin were measured, and BDNF/irisin ratio was calculated. Global cognition was evaluated by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. Results: Plasma irisin levels, but not BDNF, were significantly different between MCI group and cognitively normal group. Higher irisin concentration was associated with an increased probability for MCI both before and after controlling covariates. By contrast, plasma BDNF concentration, but not irisin, was linearly correlated with cognitive performance after adjusting for covariates. Higher BDNF/irisin ratios were not only correlated with better cognitive performance, but also associated with lower risks of MCI, no matter whether we adjusted for covariates. Plasma BDNF and irisin concentrations increased with aging, whereas BDNF/irisin ratios remained stable. No significant results of clusterin were observed. Conclusions: Plasma BDNF/irisin ratio may be a reliable indicator which not only reflects the odds of the presence of MCI but also directly associates with cognitive performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electrocatalytic mechanisms of CO2 reduction catalyzed by pyridine-oxazoline (pyrox)-based Mn catalysts were investigated by DFT calculations. In-depth comparative analyses of pyrox-based and bipyridine-based Mn complexes were carried out. C–OH cleavage is the rate-determining step for both the protonation-first path and the reduction-first path. The free energy of CO2 activation (ΔG1) and the electrons donated by CO ligands in this step are effective descriptors in regulating the C–OH cleavage barrier. The reduction of carboxylate complex 6 (E6) is the potential-determining step for the reduction-first path. Meanwhile, for the protonation-first path, the initial generation (E2) or the regeneration (E8) of active catalyst might be potential-determining. Hirshfeld charge and orbital contribution analysis indicate that E6 is definitely based on the heterocyclic ligand and E2 is related to both the heterocyclic ligand and three CO ligands. Therefore, replacement of the CO ligand by a stronger electron donating ligand can effectively boost the catalytic activity of CO2 reduction without increasing the overpotential in the reduction-first path. This hypothesis is supported by the mechanism calculations of the Mn complex in which the axial CO ligand is replaced by a pyridine or PMe3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter ABCG2 is a significant urate transporter with a high capacity, and it plays a crucial role in the development of hyperuricemia and gout. Therefore, it has the potential to be targeted for therapeutic interventions. Cortex Fraxini, a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has been found to possess anti-hyperuricemia properties. However, the specific constituents of Cortex Fraxini responsible for this effect are still unknown, particularly the compound that is responsible for reducing uric acid levels in vivo. In this study, we propose a target screening protocol utilizing bio-affinity ultrafiltration mass spectrometry (BA-UF-MS) to expediently ascertain ABCG2 ligands from the plasma of rats administered with Cortex Fraxini. Our screening protocol successfully identified fraxin as a potential ligand that interacts with ABCG2 when it functions as the target protein. Subsequent investigations substantiated fraxin as an activated ligand of ABCG2. These findings imply that fraxin exhibits promise as a drug candidate for the treatment of hyperuricemia. Furthermore, the utilization of BA-UF-MS demonstrates its efficacy as a valuable methodology for identifying hit compounds that exhibit binding affinity towards ABCG2 within TCMs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The discovery of novel chemical entities targeting G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) is usually guided by their receptor affinity. However, traditional affinity assay methods and hit identification procedures are usually laborious and expensive. In this work, the type-2 vasopressin receptor (V2R) was chosen as a prototypical GPCR. Membrane fragments from cells highly expressing SNAP-V2R were immobilized on the surface of a glass microfiber (GMF) coated with O6-benzylguanine (BG). This was achieved by transferring the benzyl group of BG to the active site of the SNAP-tag through a nucleophilic substitution reaction. As a result, a biofilm called SNAP-V2R@GMF-BG was produced that showed good specificity and stability. The adsorption ratio for each V2R ligand treated with SNAP-V2R@GMF-BG was determined by HPLC and exhibited a good linear correlation with the Ki value determined by displacement assays. Furthermore, a Ki prediction assay was performed by comparing the data with that generated by a homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence (HTRF) assay. SNAP-V2R@GMF-BG was also used to screen hit compounds from natural products. After SNAP-V2R@GMF-BG was incubated with the total extract, the ligand that binds to V2R could be separated and subjected to LC‒MS analysis for identification. Baicalein was screened from Clerodendranthus spicatus and verified as a potential V2R antagonist. This V2R-immobilized GMF platform can help determine the affinity of V2R-binding hit compounds and screen the compounds efficiently and accurately. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Saccade is a novel and feasible method for cognition assessment and has potential to screen older people with cognitive impairment. Objectives: To systematically summarize the evidence and determine whether different saccade parameters can effectively identify patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods: English and Chinese databases were searched until 19 April 2022. Studies analyzing saccade parameters in older adults with normal cognition, MCI, or AD were included. Two researchers independently performed the screening, data extraction, and quality appraisal. Meta-analyses were conducted and standard mean differences and 95% confidence intervals were estimated with a random effects model. Results: Thirty-five studies were included, and 26 studies were pooled for the meta-analysis. The results demonstrated that patients with cognitive impairment exhibited longer latency and lower accuracy rates in the prosaccade and antisaccade tasks, along with lower corrected error rates in the antisaccade tasks. However, the pooled results for antisaccades were more stable, providing the ability to distinguish patients with cognitive impairment among older adults. The results of the subgroup analyses revealed that only the accuracy rates of the antisaccades differed significantly between people with MCI and AD. Regarding the differences between older adults with normal cognition and those with MCI, the effect sizes of latency and the accuracy rates of saccades as well as the corrected error rates of antisaccades were significant. Conclusions: Saccades, especially antisaccades, are a potential screening and assessment tool for distinguishing older adults with MCI or AD from those with normal cognition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing incident of age-related cognitive impairment worldwide and the lack of pharmaceutical treatments emphasizes the value of non-pharmaceutical therapy. Emerging evidence suggested photobiomodulation (PBM) is a popular intervention to brain disorder; however, it remains unclear the efficacy of PBM for patients with age-related cognitive impairment. The purpose of this systematic review is to compare the different parameters used in PBM, analyze the beneficial effects of PBM as a potential therapy for age-related cognitive impairment. Five electronic database, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, and PsycINFO, were systematically searched from inception to November 2021. Relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were screened and assessed for risk of bias. Eleven RCTs evaluating PBM interventions were included. The systematic review and meta-analysis has been registered in PROSPERO(CRD42022374562). Results showed that PBM had a significant moderated effect on global cognition function (SMD=0.51, 95% CI [0.162, 0.864], p=0.004). We found that multiple wavelength PBM (SMD=0.648, 95% CI [0.220, 1.075], p=0.003) had significant effects while single wavelength PBM was non-significant (SMD=0.385, 95% CI [−0.168, 0.987], p=0.172). Laser effect (SMD=0.682, 95% CI [0.37, 0,994], p<0.001) was larger than LED effect (SMD=0.582, 95% CI [0.269, 0.895], p<0.001). PBM in clinical setting (SMD=0.468, 95% CI [0.050, 0.887], p=0.028) had significant effect, but there was no significant effect of home-used PBM (SMD=0.616, 95% CI [−0.121, 1.354], p=0.101). The pool effect of multi-modality PBM (SMD=0.720, 95% CI [0.027, 1.414], p=0.040) was significantly higher in the studies of transcranial irradiation (SMD=0.616, 95% CI [−0.121, 1.354], p=0.010). Cumulative irradiation time was a moderator between the PBM and cognitive function improvement. Photobiomodulation have the potential to improve cognitive function in aging adults. Cumulative irradiation duration, light source, device type, penetration modality, and intervention site can affect the effectiveness of PBM intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and Objectives: The aim was to identify latent trajectories in physical activity (PA) and their determinants in adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) based on the socio‐ecological model. Background: PA has been linked to poor long‐term outcomes in patients with COPD. However, few studies have explored their PA trajectories and their predictors. Design: Cohort study. Methods: We used data from a national cohort and included 215 participants. PA was quantified using a short PA questionnaire, and group‐based trajectory modelling was used to explore the PA trajectories. Multinomial logistic regression was conducted to identify the predictors of PA trajectories. Generalised linear mixed models were used to elucidate the associations between predictors and PA during follow‐up. A STROBE checklist was used to guide the reporting of this study. Results: Three PA trajectory patterns were identified among 215 COPD participants with an average age of 60.51 ± 8.87: stable inactive group (66.7%), sharp decline group (25.7%) and stable active group (7.5%). The logistic regression showed that age, sex, income, peak expiratory flow, upper limb capacity, depressive symptoms, the frequency of contact with children were PA predictors. Upper limb capacity weakness and depressive symptoms were found to be associated with a sharp decline in PA during follow‐up. Conclusions: This study revealed three PA trajectories among patients with COPD. In addition to strengthening the physical functions and mental health of patients, support from the family, community and society also play a crucial role in promoting PA of patients with COPD. Relevance to Clinical Practice: It is essential to identify distinct PA trajectories in patients with COPD to develop future interventions that promote PA. No Patient or Public Contribution: A national cohort study was used and no patients or the public were involved in the design and implementation of this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study's aims were to translate the Community Healthy Activities Model Program for Seniors (CHAMPS) questionnaire to Chinese and examine its psychometric properties. Adapting it for use in China involved forward translation, synthesis, back translation, expert review, and pretesting. A convenience sample of 201 Chinese older adults completed the Chinese version (CHAMPS-C) to evaluate its construct validity index and associations with physiological, psychosocial, and energy expenditure measures. The construct validity index of the CHAMPS-C was 0.95, and it had fair to moderate associations with physiological and psychosocial measures, other scales of physical activity, and accelerometer measurements. Our structured, stepwise process of cross-cultural adaptation produced a scale (i.e., CHAMPS-C), with items equivalent in meaning to the English version, for use with Chinese older adults. The findings of this study indicate that the CHAMPS-C has acceptable reliability and validity to assess the physical activity of older Chinese adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To compare and rank the relative effectiveness of different modes for exercise combined cognitive training (ECT) in people with Alzheimer's disease (AD) or Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, SPORTDiscus, PsycInfo, and OpenGrey systematically from inception to May 2020. Studies were included that met the inclusion criteria: randomized controlled trials, involving people with MCI or dementia, performing ECT without other interventions, and assessing global cognitive function, memory function, and executive function. Pairwise and network meta-analyses were performed using a random effects model. We included 20 articles from 16 studies with 1180 participants. For global cognition, separate modality had the highest probability of being the optimal approach (the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) value = 77.5%). For memory function, the interactive mode had the greatest probability of being the best choice (SUCRA = 84.7%). Concerning executive function, the dual-task modality and separate modality had similar SUCRA values. Subgroup analysis revealed no differences for the relative effectiveness of ECT among people with MCI or among all participants. Separate and interactive combination modality had the highest probability of being the most effective mode for overall cognition and memory performance. However, the evidence is insufficient to reveal the best combination mode for executive function. Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2022.2026879. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives: To systematically review and compare the efficacy of different exercise interventions on bone mineral density (BMD, g/cm2) in patients with osteoporosis and osteopenia. Background: It is vitally important to prevent and treat bone loss in patients with osteoporosis and osteopenia. Exercise can effectively increase bone density and slow down bone loss in middle‐aged and older people. However, it is still unclear which type of exercise intervention is the most effective on bone mineral density. Design: Systematic review and network meta‐analysis (NMA) according to PRISMA. Methods: Randomised controlled trials of different exercise treatments for osteopenia and primary osteoporosis were included. A Frequentist network meta‐analysis was conducted to appraise the efficacy of different types of exercise. The outcome was bone mineral density of different parts of the body. Results: Ninety‐seven studies were included. The network meta‐analysis showed that combined exercise, resistance exercise, aerobic exercise and mind‐body exercise had a significant effect in improving the bone density of lumbar spine. The surface under the cumulative ranking area (SUCRA) values for mind‐body exercise was 0.99 and ranked first. For BMD of the femoral neck, all kinds of exercise interventions increased the bone density significantly compared with no exercise and the optimal type was mind‐body exercise (SUCRA = 0.99). In terms of the total hip bone mineral density, aerobic exercise and resistance exercise could improve hip bone density, with the resistance exercise (SUCRA = 0.95) ranking as first. Conclusions: This NMA demonstrated the mind–body exercise might be the optimal exercise type to increase the BMD of the lumbar spine and femoral neck and resistance exercise is the most promising type for total hip BMD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dementia is prevalent in worldwide, and increases the care burden and potential costs. Physical activity (PA) has been increasingly shown to be beneficial for them. This was a cross-sectional observational study aiming to investigate the status of PA among community-dwelling older adults with dementia in Beijing or Hangzhou, China, and verify the relationships between neuropsychiatric symptoms, activities of daily living (ADL), caregivers' fear of patients' falling and their PA using a path analysis approach. The level of PA among 216 included people with dementia was low. PA was related to the neuropsychiatric symptoms, with ADL and caregivers' fear of patients' falling have mediation roles. The findings indicated that person-centered strategies related to the management of these symptoms might be helpful to improve ADL, relieve caregivers' concerns about them falling and consequently foster positive participation in PA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To analyse net effects of self‐rated workload and nurse staffing (nurse‐to‐patient ratio and staff skill mix) on work engagement among clinical nurses. Background: Improving nurses' engagement is necessary to enhance patient outcomes, so factors that influence engagement should be explored. Methods: A cross‐sectional study was conducted in 1,428 registered nurses from 145 units of 11 hospitals. A hierarchical linear model was used to analyse the data. Results: Self‐rated workload had a negative effect on engagement (β = −0.353, p <.001, effect size (f2) = 14.20%), while only one index of skill mix (percentage of nurses with ≤ 5 work years) had a significant effect on engagement, which was positive (β = 0.258, p <.05, f2 = 8.50%). These two variables explained 22.7% of the variance of engagement at the unit level (R2between = 22.7%, p <.05). No significant effect of staffing on self‐rated workload was found. Conclusions: Self‐rated workload had more effect on engagement than did staffing, and factors that influence self‐rated workload need to be explored. Implications for nursing management: Balancing the mix of experience levels in nursing teams may improve work engagement. Managers should pay attention to multiple strategies to motivate nurses to engage in work in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible Summary: What is known on the subject?: The shortage of psychiatric nurses has become a focus problem attracting widespread concern. And the continuous improvement of quality of psychiatric care has always been a priority in psychiatric units.Previous studies about nurses from general hospitals indicated nursing work environment was a key factor affecting work‐related outcomes, but little attention was paid to psychiatric nurses and few studies focused on the five specific dimensions of nursing work environment. What the paper adds to existing knowledge?: Nurse participation in hospital affairs was the dimension with the highest proportion of participants dissatisfied.Nursing work environment and all its five dimensions had significant effects on work‐related outcomes, which were partly mediated by work engagement.For nurse‐perceived quality of care, collegial nurse‐physician relations showed the largest effect; while for turnover intention, the two dimensions of nurse participation in hospital affairs and nursing foundations for quality of care showed larger effects. What are the implications for practice?: Corresponding measures should be taken to improve nursing work environment, especially in the aspect of nurse participation in hospital affairs by promoting nurses' ability to participate, arousing their motivation to participate and offering them more opportunities to participate.Harmonious collegial relationship should be built by creating an atmosphere of equality, respect and collaboration, and enhancing the communication between doctors and nurses.Nursing foundations for quality of care need to be further improved through setting appropriate rules and regulations to ensure the quality of care and offering more opportunities to support nursing staff's growth and development. Introduction: With the increasing demand for high‐quality psychiatric care, it is imperative to improve psychiatric nurses' work engagement and work‐related outcomes. Nursing work environment has been identified as a protective factor in non‐psychiatric nurses, but little was known about psychiatric nurses. Aims: To identify the situation of nursing work environment, work engagement, nurse‐perceived quality of care and turnover intention among psychiatric nurses, and examine the relationship among them. Methods: A cross‐sectional design was adopted. Questionnaire investigation was implemented among psychiatric nurses from 43 clinical units. Structural equation modelling and path analysis were used to examine the causal relationship among variables. Results: The results showed 19.06% of participants were not satisfied with the overall work environment and 24.34% were not satisfied with the dimension of nurse participation in hospital affairs. Hypothesis testing results indicated that nursing work environment and its five dimensions had positive effects on nurse‐perceived quality of care and negative effects on turnover intention, which were both partly mediated by work engagement. Discussion: Supportive nursing work environment could improve nurses' work engagement, enhance nurse‐perceived quality of care and reduce nurses' turnover intention. Implications for Practice: Continuous efforts should be paid to the improvement of nursing work environment in psychiatric hospitals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Advanced Nursing (John Wiley & Sons, Inc.) is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aim: To analyse the effect of nurse staffing (number of nurses and staff structure) on patient‐safety outcomes in hospitals in China. Background: The number of nurses has been shown to have a significant effect on patient‐safety outcomes, but the structure of the nursing staff has received little attention. Methods: A cross‐sectional survey was conducted in 211 units of 13 hospitals. Data on four patient‐safety outcomes and numerical and structural indices of nurse staffing were collected from seven types of hospital units. Results: Nurse staffing had inconsistent effects on units' rates of fall and hospital‐acquired pressure ulcers. The nurse‐to‐patient ratio and rate of nurses with work experience ≤5 years predicted fall rates, and rate of hospital‐acquired pressure ulcers was positively correlated to the level of nurse staffing (low nurse‐to‐patient ratio and high bed‐to‐nurse number). Conclusions: The number and structure of nurses are both important to patient safety, and the rate of nurses with work experience ≤5 years might be a protective factor against adverse events. Implications for Nursing Management: Patient outcomes correlated with the number and structure of the nursing staff. Methods to balance the structure of nursing staff might be a topic worthy of examination in future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives: To investigate turnover intention among newly licensed registered nurses and to clarify the impact pathways of organisational justice, work engagement and nurses' perception of care quality on turnover intention. Background: Nurse shortage is an ongoing and urgent issue worldwide, in which nurse turnover could exacerbate the situation. Newly licensed registered nurses will become the main nursing workforce in the future; however, previous studies have not revealed the specific reasons underlying their turnover intentions. Design: A descriptive cross‐sectional design. Methods: A total of 569 newly licensed registered nurses undertaking direct care were recruited from thirteen hospitals from October to November 2018 across Beijing, China. Based on the job demands–resources model, we advanced a hypothetical model, linking the paths between organisational justice, work engagement, nurses' perception of care quality and turnover intention. Structural equation modelling was used to examine the hypothetical model. The study adhered to the STROBE statement for observational studies. Results: In total, 22.3% of newly licensed registered nurses had a high turnover intention. The final model had an acceptable fit and could explain 58% of the variance in turnover intention. The organisational justice was directly related to high work engagement, great nurses' perception of care quality and low turnover intention. Additionally, organisational justice also had indirect effects on great nurses' perception of care quality and low turnover intention, which were partially mediated by work engagement. However, the effect of nurses' perception of care quality on turnover intention was not significant. Conclusion: The improvement of organisational justice could enhance work engagement, and nurses' perception of care quality, and reduce turnover intention, which is crucial to improving care quality and addressing the shortage of nurses. Relevance to clinical practice: This study provides evidence for policymakers and hospital administrators to take targeted measures to enhance work engagement, foster high‐quality care and create better defences against losing nurses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To analyse the structural associations among job characteristics, organizational justice, work engagement and nursing care quality in Chinese nurses. Background: Nursing care quality helps ensure patient safety, which are core concerns. The explicit relationships among the study's variables from a management perspective can help hospital managers to implement effective strategies to improve nursing care quality. Methods: This cross‐sectional study was conducted to investigate the relationships among the variables in 1,615 nurses in eight Chinese tertiary hospitals. Structural equation modelling was used to test a proposed model of these relationships. Results: The scores of job characteristics, organizational justice, work engagement and nursing care quality were 3.55 ± 0.41, 3.84 ± 0.77, 4.67 ± 1.30 and 3.42 ± 0.70. Job characteristics and organizational justice had direct effects on nursing care quality. Work engagement mediated the relationship of nursing care quality with job characteristics and organizational justice. The final model explained 24% of nursing care quality. Conclusion: The results provide a better understanding of the associations between the study's variables. Perceived job characteristics and organizational justice can improve nursing care quality through work engagement. Implications for Nursing Management: Reconfiguring work design to strengthen nurses' positive perceptions of job characteristics and organizational justice can enhance nursing care quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Advanced Nursing (John Wiley & Sons, Inc.) is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aims and objectives: To identify the situation of organisational justice, organisational support, work engagement and turnover intention among community nurses and clarify the relationship among them. Background: Nurse shortage has become a worldwide issue, and the shortage of community nurses is more serious. Nurse turnover is one important factor for this situation. While previous studies about turnover intention mostly focused on hospital nurses, few involved community nurses. Design: A descriptive, cross‐sectional design was adopted. Methods: Questionnaire investigation was implemented among 410 community nurses to collect data about organisational justice, organisational support, work engagement and turnover intention. Structural equation modelling was applied to test the hypothesised model. The STROBE statement for observational studies was followed. Results: Results showed the average score of turnover intention was 2.50 ± 0.75. The final model indicated: (a) work engagement had a direct negative effect on turnover intention; (b) organisational support had both direct and indirect effects on turnover intention, and the indirect effect was mediated by work engagement; and (c) organisational justice had an indirect effect on turnover intention mediated by organisational support. Conclusion: Turnover intention could be reduced directly or indirectly by improving work engagement, organisational support and organisational justice. Relevance to clinical practice: This study provides evidence for community health centre managers and policymakers to improve the level of nurses' engagement and to retain more nurses in primary healthcare service. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]