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The structure of left ventricular cardiomyocytes of 1 day preterm newborn rats was studied using transmission electron microscopy. It was shown that the relative area of the nucleus in cardiomyocytes of preterm rats is lower, and the relative area of the cytoplasm is higher than in full-term rats, while the relative areas of myofibrils and mitochondria do not differ. In cardiomyocytes of preterm rats damaged mitochondria, subsegmental myofibrillar contracture, and cytoplasmic swelling were found on the first postnatal day. Preterm birth in rats, in contrast to birth at term, is accompanied by the development of a number of ultrastructural damages in cardiomyocytes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In experiments on Wistar rats, the effect of a new selective JNK inhibitor tryptanthrin oxime (TR-Ox) on parameters of systemic hemodynamics, cardiohemodynamics, and post-infarction fibrosis was studied 4 months after acute myocardial ischemia (1 h) followed by reperfusion. TR-Ox was administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 12 mg/kg 20 min before reperfusion, and then once a day for the next 4 days. Administration of TR-Ox to animals in the acute phase of myocardial infarction contributed to more complete preservation of myocardial viability in the delayed period: a relative increase of muscle elements proportion in the scar, a decrease in the formation of connective tissue areas with complete and >50% replacement of the myocardium, and deceleration of fibrotic scarring in myocardium areas distant from the focus of injury, resulting in improved systolic and diastolic myocardial function. Four months after myocardial infarction, significant improvement in systemic hemodynamics and cardiohemodynamics parameters was observed in the group treated with TR-Ox: stroke volume, cardiac output, left ventricular systolic pressure, maximum rates of left ventricle pressure rise and fall significantly increased and the left ventricle end-diastolic pressure decreased in comparison with the corresponding parameters in the control group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Film heterostructures of compositions Ag/Au/Ti and Ag/Au/CFR-PEEK are obtained by thermal evaporation with subsequent deposition of metallic gold sublayers and silver nanostructures on modern biomaterials (Ti-6Al-4V alloy, polyether ether ketone CFR-PEEK). Silver concentration is varied within 2.1-20.8 µg/cm2 by changing the initial metal portion (1.2-5 mg) and the number of successive depositions (1–3). According to SEM data, Ag nanofilms with a thickness up to 10-15 nm are formed on the surface of gold sublayers. According to XPS results, gold is present in the metallic state on the surface of biomaterials whereas along with metal, the Ag2O oxide phase is detected for silver. The dynamics of silver dissolution from the Ag/Au surface is analyzed by ICP-AES (2-48 h). It is found that regardless of the silver concentration, the samples demonstrate moderate dynamics of releasing metal ions; some amount of gold is detected together with silver in the solution. The absence of cytotoxicity of the synthesized film heterostructures in vitro (L-929 cells, viability >95-98%) is shown. Heterostructures completely suppress the growth of colonies of Gram-negative (P. aeruginosa) and Gram-positive (S. aureus) bacteria after 6 h and 24 h action respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Marginal zone lymphomas of mucosa-associated lymphatic tissues (MZL of MALT) are a group of indolent B-cell neoplasms, which are thought to arise from chronic antigenic stimulation of B-cells either due to underlying chronic infection or autoimmune disease. Little is known about potential causative pathogens in pulmonary MZL (PMZL), although some data suggests a potential role of Achromobacter (A.) xylosoxidans. Methods: An index case of chronic pulmonary colonisation with Tropheryma (T.) whipplei and subsequent development of PMZL was identified by T. whipplei specific PCR and metagenomic next genome sequencing (mNGS). This case prompted a retrospectively conducted analysis of T. whipplei-specific PCRs in lung tissue from PMZL patients (n = 22), other pulmonary lymphomas, and normal controls. Positive results were confirmed by mNGS. A systematic search for T. whipplei and A. xylosoxidans in our in-house mNGS dataset comprising autopsy lungs, lung biopsies and lung resection specimens (n = 181) was subsequently performed. Results: A 69-year-old patient presented with weight loss and persistent pulmonary consolidation. Subsequent mNGS analysis detected T. whipplei in the resected lung specimen. An antibiotic regimen eventually eliminated the bacterium. However, the consolidation persisted, and the diagnosis of PMZL was made in a second lung resection specimen. A second case of T. whipplei-associated PMZL was subsequently detected in the retrospectively analysed PMZL cohort. Both cases showed comparatively few mutations and no mutations in genes encoding for NF-κB pathway components, suggesting that T. whipplei infection may substitute for mutations in these PMZL. None of the samples in our in-house dataset tested positive for T. whipplei. In contrast, A. xylosoxidans was frequently found in both autopsy lungs and lung biopsy / resection specimens that were not affected by PMZL (> 50%). Conclusions: Our data suggests that T. whipplei colonisation of lungs may trigger PMZL as a potential driver. Systematic analyses with larger cohorts should be conducted to further support this hypothesis. The frequent detection of A. xylosoxidans in lung tissue suggests that it is a common component of the pulmonary microbiome and therefore less likely to trigger lymphomas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Premature birth has an obvious effect on all the systems of the body, including the cardiovascular system, which undergoes significant adaptive changes in the early postnatal period of ontogenesis. A comprehensive understanding of the consequences of preterm birth is necessary to ensure early prevention, identification, and treatment of the long-term adverse health consequences of this effect. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of premature birth on the structure of the wall of the ascending aorta in rats. The paper presents the results of a histological and morphometric analysis of the wall of the ascending aorta of Wistar rats born on days 21 and 21.5 of pregnancy (the full gestation period is 22 days). In the wall of the ascending aorta of prematurely born rats, signs of elastolysis and a violation of the parallel arrangement of elastic laminae were found. It has been shown that premature birth results in a decreased specific volume of elastic fibers and increased collagen fibers in the tunica media of the wall of the ascending aorta of prematurely born rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new method of determining the dimensions and shapes of polymer molecules in solutions is proposed and verified in experiments. The method is based on the measurements of the relaxation of the transverse magnetization intensity of nuclei. It is established that the decaying signal of the spin echo from elongated molecules contains two terms exponentially decaying with time, which correspond to two diffusion coefficients differing by a factor of about two. The signal from molecules with a near-spherical shape contain only one exponent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The neural crest of the human embryo is a structure that has been studied for a long time. However, the information about this structure is not well systematized. The terminology, structure, and derivatives of the neural crest, as well as the directions of differentiation of its cells, are the subject of many controversies. This review analyses data obtained from classical and modern morphological studies of the neural crest, focusing on the development, structure, and derivatives of the neural crest of the human embryo. The review covers the history of discovery, nomenclature, and phylogeny of the neural crest; its formation in humans; and a description of the main parts of the cranial and spinal parts of the neural crest. It also lists the cells and tissues of the final organism that develop from the neural crest. The review aimed at analyzing the current literature on the morphology of the human neural crest and systematizing the data on the structure of the human neural crest and its derivatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leaf rust on wheat caused by P. triticina is the most widespread fungal disease worldwide and in Bulgaria. The development of wheat genotypes resistant to leaf rust is related to the different types of resistance and ways of gene inheritance. The different varieties have different susceptibility during the different stages of their ontogenetic development. The study of the initial material is an important step in the breeding for resistance and it is an ongoing process. Two hundred and forty-six breeding lines were tested against the local population of P. triticina during 2015-2017, under conditions of infection field and in a greenhouse at Dobrudzha Agricultural Institute -- General Toshevo, Bulgaria. Twenty lines were selected, which demonstrated different degrees of resistance under infection field conditions and which showed resistance to some of the seven pathotypes used in the study. The identification of the pathotypes was based on the type of reaction of 20 monogenic lines. The reaction of isogenic lines was compared with the reaction of the selection lines and the results showed that the reaction of line 165/05-46 corresponded to isogenic lines carrying genes Lr 9, Lr 19 and Lr 25. The response of the other 3 lines (245/03-72, 13/04-97, 14/06-110) partially coincided with the response of the above mentioned genes. The reaction of the other 3 lines (169/05-69, 14/06-81, 8/08-25) partially coincided with the reaction of isogenic lines carrying genes Lr 2a, Lr 28 and Lr 29. It was determined that seven of the lines were carriers of a race-specific gene and that it was necessary to subject these lines to further breeding and genetic studies to determine presence of race-specific resistance. Five of the lines (72/05-53, 61/03-75, 106/04-189, 268/03-151, 79/04-131) combined incomplete resistance at young stage with resistance at adult stage. Four of the tested lines (68/06-78, 29/02-133-38, 79/04-125-28, 197/05-33) exhibited typical race non-specific resistance or APR. Four lines (13/04-165, 14/05-119, 19/06-79 and 61/03-81) demonstrated "slow rusting" type of resistance. Twenty of the studied lines were carriers of effective resistance and can be included in the breeding programs as donors of resistance to P. triticina. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cationic polymers are positively charged high-molecular compounds that have N-containing functional groups, such as primary, secondary, and tertiary amine groups, quaternary ammonium groups, etc. In this work, we studied the effect of the synthetic polycation poly-2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (PDMAEM) on the biological activity of Chinese hamster fibroblasts and human erythrocytes. Analysis of the effect of the polycation on cell adhesion was carried out using a fibroblast culture. Culture plastic, treated or untreated with polycation, was used as a substrate. Adsorption of the polycation on the polystyrene surface did not lead to a change in the adhesive ability of fibroblasts. Pretreatment of fibroblasts with PDMAEM in low concentrations (0.1 and 1 μg/mL) did not affect the adhesive properties of cells seeded on untreated plastic. At concentrations of 10 and 100 μg/mL, PDMAEM inhibited the attachment of fibroblasts to this substrate. A relationship has been determined between the suppression of cell adhesion under the influence of the polymer and its toxic effect on the viability of fibroblasts. Treatment of human erythrocytes with the polycation at concentrations of 10 and 100 μg/mL resulted in cell damage and release of hemoglobin from erythrocytes. At low doses, the polycation had practically no effect on the processes of hemolysis of erythrocytes. It was shown that PDMAEM caused morphological changes in erythrocytes and their aggregation. The toxic effect of the polycation on human erythrocytes generally coincided with that for animal fibroblasts. Possible cellular targets that may be affected by the studied polycation are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immunohistochemical detection of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2 and 9 was carried out in the myocardium of the left ventricle of preterm born (21 and 21.5 days of pregnancy) and full-term (22 days of pregnancy) rats on days 42, 56, and 180 of the postnatal period of ontogenesis. The intensity of immunopositive staining was assessed semiquantitatively. Preterm birth leads to increased immunopositive reaction intensity to MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the wall of the left ventricle of the rat heart. An increase in the intensity of the positive reaction to MMP-2 in the left ventricle of the heart of rats is observed the earlier, the greater the degree of prematurity. The intensity of the positive reaction to MMP-9 in the left ventricle of the heart of male rats increases with increasing degree of prematurity. An increase in the intensity of the positive reaction to MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the wall of the left ventricle of female rats due to preterm birth is determined exclusively in animals born on the 21st day of pregnancy, that is, with a greater degree of prematurity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the results of a study of modern geodynamic movements in bottom structures of the White Sea (Baltic Shield). Based on expeditionary work in the White Sea, data were obtained on the formation of the seabed relief and thickness of unconsolidated sediments under the influence of modern seismotectonic events and geodynamic movements, as well as long-term neotectonic processes. It is shown that the Kandalaksha Bay depression is a modern graben developing along faults activated in the Quaternary. Graben development continues to the northwest, where a new Quaternary structure is being formed. Signs of modern geodynamic movements have been identified. The authors demonstrate the role of disjunctive tectonics in the formation of slopes and tectonic structures transverse to the strike of the bay, morphologically represented by relief ridges cutting the Sredny Ludy rise in Kandalaksha Bay. The influence of modern geodynamic processes on the distribution of thicknesses of Quaternary sediments of various genesis and the mosaic distribution of modern bottom sediments has been established. The influence of gravitational processes involved in the formation of underwater landslides, leading to the appearance of abnormally thick layers of the unconsolidated sedimentary cover, has been studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results of a comprehensive study of the Upper Cenozoic Ulan-Zhalga reference section in western Transbaikalia are presented. The paleontological, paleomagnetic and petromagnetic, lithological-mineralogical, and geochemical data obtained allowed us to identify and characterize the Lower, Middle, and Upper Pleistocene and Holocene deposits in the section and to reveal the features and conditions of sedimentation. Five members recognized in the section are combined into two sequences: the lower (Beds 1–27, units 1–3) and the upper (Beds 28–35, units 4–5). The boundary between Matuyama and Brunhes chrons (0.773 Ma) is determined at a depth of 15 m and the upper boundary of the Jaramillo subchron (0.990 Ma) is determined at a depth of 23 m. The Matuyama/Brunhes boundary coincides with the boundary of Lower and Middle Pleistocene faunal assemblages. The formation of the section corresponds to two major stages of sedimentation with the boundary between the units 3 and 4 (depth of 11.8 m). Changes in rock magnetic and grain size parameters through the section has a climatic nature and reflects environmental changes. The formation of the lower part of the section (unit 1), which was accompanied by active soil formation, is characterized by the most heat- and moisture-enriched conditions. The upper sequence of the section accumulated under colder and drier conditions with increased dynamics of aeolian processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of the FGER and GER short peptides containing a common tripeptide fragment in the regulation of the adhesive response of CHO-K1 cells was studied in this work. Both peptides increased cell adhesion both on untreated plastic and on gelatin-coated plastic, but did not affect the rate of cell attachment to poly-L-lysine-coated plastic. The GER peptide stimulated cell adhesion more on the untreated plastic. The FGER peptide increased the rate of cell attachment to gelatin over a wider range of concentrations compared to that to untreated plastic. The variativity of the process of cell spreading on different substrates under the influence of the studied peptides was noted. On untreated plastic, both peptides almost equally stimulated cell spreading. On gelatin, the FGER peptide retained the ability to stimulate cell spreading, and the GER peptide partially inhibited spreading compared to that on untreated plastic. It was found that the insertion of an additional N-terminal hydrophobic amino-acid residue Phe to the GER tripeptide fragment changes the regulatory activity of the peptide in the model of cell adhesion, depending on the stage of interaction of cells with the substrate and/or on the properties of the attachment surface. The structural and functional activity of the studied peptides with respect to various structural components of adhesive structures is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of magnetite nanoparticles in biology and medicine is steadily growing, while some questions regarding their safety remain unclear. For example, nanomagnetite-based magnetoliposomes are a promising basis for the creation of new drugs. In this work, using hematological methods, a comparative assessment of changes in the number of hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow in sexually mature outbred rats was carried out for 120 days after intravenous administration of a suspension of unmodified magnetite nanoparticles and magnetoliposomes based on them. The features of the structure of hematopoietic cells of the main differons of bone marrow (erythrocyte, granulocytic, lymphocytic, monocytic, and platelet) are described, as well as the dynamics of changes in their number during the experiment. Single intravenous administration of a suspension of magnetoliposomes based on magnetite nanoparticles at a dose of 0.14 g (Fe3O4) per 1 kg of body weight (injection volume 3 mL) does not cause changes in the structure and number of hematopoietic cells of the studied rat bone-marrow differons. The absence of a negative effect of magnetoliposomes based on magnetite nanoparticles on the structure of hematopoietic cells of the bone marrow allows us to consider these nanostructures as a promising magnetically controlled carrier for creating modern systems for the targeted delivery of diagnostic and therapeutic drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immunohistochemical study (CD31 detection) and morphometric analysis (evaluation of specific volumes of cardiomyocytes and blood capillaries, diameter of blood capillaries, trophic index, and pericapillary diffusion zone) of the left ventricular myocardium in preterm (12 h and 24 h preterm) Wistar rats was carried out on postnatal days 56 and 180. A decrease in the trophic index and an increase in the zone of pericapillary diffusion in the myocardium of the left ventricle in preterm rats were shown, which indicates deterioration of the heart supply during the postnatal ontogeny. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influence of preterm birth on the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP2 and MMP9) in the wall of the left ventricle of the rat heart in the early postnatal period of ontogenesis (up to 21 days) was studied. The hearts of preterm (gestation duration 21 and 21.5 days) and term (gestation duration 22 days) Wistar rats on days 7 and 21 of the postnatal period of ontogenesis were studied immunohistochemically in the experiment. Preterm birth has no effect on the pattern of immunohistochemical staining of MMP2 in the wall of the left ventricle of rats, while the content of MMP9 decreases by day 7 and increases by day 21 of the postnatal period of ontogenesis, compared with that of term rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sources of uncertainties in estimating soil carbon stocks in forest ecosystems, including abiotic (mechanical composition of soil) and biotic (plants, earthworms) factors, are discussed. The results of comparative assessment of soil carbon storage in coniferous-broadleaved and taiga forests based on direct measurements and pedotransfer functions are presented. It is shown that the estimation of soil carbon stocks in forests based on both direct measurements and pedotransfer functions requires, along with other soil formation factors, taking into account the most dynamic ones, including plants and soil biota, as well as the history of nature management. The calculation of soil carbon stocks should be carried out with account of fine earth ( 2 mm fraction) content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Preterm birth is positively correlated with a predisposition to the development of diseases of the cardiovascular system in adulthood. The identification of morphofunctional changes in the heart of prematurely born children in the early postnatal period is a high-priority task, as it will prevent or correct the development of long-term negative effects of prematurity on their cardiovascular system. Histological and morphometric analysis of the myocardium of the heart left ventricle of Wistar rats born on days 21 and 21.5 of pregnancy (the full gestation period is 22 days) was carried out. It has been shown that preterm birth increases the specific volume of rat myocardial stroma in the early postnatal period of ontogenesis. Preterm birth does not change the number and coefficient of mast-cell degranulation in the myocardium of the left ventricle in the rat heart. Morphological changes in the myocardium of preterm rats are more pronounced with a shorter gestation period (21 days of pregnancy). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A number of [1,2,5]selenadiazolo[3,4-b]pyridines were synthesized on the basis of readily available 5-R-2,3-diaminopyridines. It was found that these compounds can be involved into the reactions with C-nucleophiles (1,3-dicarbonyl compounds, indoles) under mild conditions, in some cases with no base required. As a result, stable products of nucleophilic addition to the pyridine ring, 1,4-dihydropyridines fused with selenadiazole ring, were formed in up to 94% yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we first used prestin, an electromotive protein of the mammalian auditory analyzer, as a voltage-sensitive core of a genetically encoded voltage indicator. Prestin-5, one of the chimeric proteins obtained as a fusion of prestin and the fluorescent reporter FusionRed, demonstrated a fluorescent response to a change in membrane potential, characterized by submillisecond kinetics. Thus, we demonstrate the performance of prestin in fluorescent voltage-sensitive constructs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of neonatology makes it possible to overcome increasingly severe degrees of prematurity. It has been established that the preterm birth in human beings is associated with a predisposition to the development of pathologies of the cardiovascular system in adulthood, but the pathogenetic mechanisms of this relationship have not been studied. In this work, we studied the effect of preterm birth on the development of the left ventricular myocardium in rats during 14 days of the postnatal period of ontogenesis. The myocardium of the left ventricle of male Wistar rats born after 21 and 21.5 days of gestation was analyzed by histology, immunohistochemistry, and morphometry (the full gestational age is 22 days). The relative heart mass of prematurely born rats exceeds that of control animals on the 14th day of the postnatal period. The diameter of the contractile cardiomyocytes of rats born on the 21st day of gestation exceeds that of full-term animals on the first day of the postnatal period of ontogenesis. Preterm birth in rats causes an increase in the number of Ki67-positive cardiomyocytes (a marker of proliferation) of the left ventricle in the early postnatal period of ontogenesis compared to full-term animals. The morphofunctional changes in the rat myocardium are more pronounced with a shorter gestational age. Preterm birth in rats is the reason for the intensification of myocardial growth in the early postnatal period of ontogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New pyrido[3,2-b][1,4]benzoxazines and pyrido[3,2-b][1,4]benzothiazines were synthesized by the base-mediated reactions of substituted 2-chloro-3-nitropyridines with o-amino(thio)phenols. The reactions involve a sequential nucleophilic substitution of the chlorine atom and the nitro group affected by either O,N- or S,N-binucleophile. In the case of aminothiophenols, the reaction proceeded via substitution of the chlorine atom followed by the Smiles rearrangement, and an intramolecular substitution of the nitro group by S-nucleophile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The response of 1262 durum wheat lines to the cause agent of leaf rust Puccinia triticina was studied. The investigation was carried under infection field conditions during 2013-2015 at Dobrudzha Agricultural Institute (DAI) -- General Toshevo, Bulgaria. Over the years of investigation, a maximum high infection background was developed by the cause agent of the disease, including all pathogen pathotypes identified during this period. The race variability in the population of the pathogen during the period was determined at the Plant Pathology Laboratory of DAI according to a validated methodology for working with rusts. Seventy-one phenotypically different virulent pathotypes were established. Fifteen new races of P. triticina were also identified, which have not been present during the previous 15 years in Bulgaria. Seventeen lines and one cultivar with a certain degree of resistance to the pathogen were selected. The selected lines can be involved in the breeding programs for developing initial material with resistance to leaf rust P. triticina. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The structure of blood neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes and differential white blood count in adult rats were studied over 120 days after a single intravenous injection of magnetoliposomes based on nanomagnetite. Magnetoliposomes had no effect on the structure of neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes. At the same time, injection of a suspension of magnetoliposomes based on magnetite nanoparticles led to a decrease in lymphocyte count and an increase in the count of monocytes and band and segmented neutrophils in the blood. These changes were transient and the parameters returned to normal by day 40-60 after injection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interaction of the extracellular matrix (ECM) with the cell cytoskeleton is realized via integrin receptors. Adhesion structures formed in the cell after the ECM binding with integrins recruit talin molecules. They are involved both in the regulation of the activity of integrin receptors and binding of these receptors with the actin cytoskeleton. Talin is an adapter protein that contains the head domain, which is an atypical FERM domain, and rod domain, consisting of coiled bundles constructed of four or five α-helices. The pattern of α-helices packing in bundles determines their resistance to tensile forces and their ability to stretch. This review focuses on identifying the relationship between the structural organization of talin and distribution of functions between the head and rod domains. The spatial orientation of subdomains (F0, F1, F2, F3) in the head domain provides accessibility of binding sites in these subdomains for effector molecules and rapid transformation of the domain itself upon talin activation. The linear arrangement of helical bundles (R1–R13) in the rod domain with a predominance of four helical bundles at the N-end of the domain and five helical bundles at its C-end determines: 1) effective interbundle interaction during the formation of an inactive (autoinhibited) form of the talin dimer and 2) the possibility of modifying individual bundle spiralization under the action of physical stimuli. As a result, binding sites with various proteins burried in helical bundles of the talin rod domain are revealed. This means that the N-terminal site of the talin molecule (head domain) transforms some biochemical signals into others. The C-terminal part of the molecule (rod domain) converts physical stimuli into biochemical or physiological signals that regulate the cellular response. The review also considers the interaction of talin with various compounds at the molecular level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rats are the most common laboratory animals that are used in experiments to evaluate the cardiotoxic and, particularly, teratogenic effects of therapeutic agents. For correct interpretation of results of experimental studies, it is necessary to have a detailed understanding of the specific features of the development and structure of the heart of laboratory animals. The cardiac morphogenesis in rats, compared with that of humans, has the following specific features: (1) the peak of proliferative activity of cardiomyocytes occurs in the late stages of the prenatal period of ontogenesis, (2) the transition of the myocardium from hyperplastic to hypertrophic growth occurs in the early postnatal period of ontogenesis, and (3) the hypertrophic type of myocardial growth consists in the formation of cardiomyocytes with several diploid nuclei (multinucleated cardiomyocytes). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Faraday rotation effect of magnetized hexagonal ferrites BaAlxFe12−xO19 (x = 1.4 , 2.0) with a varied density in the frequency range of 0.1–1.0 THz was investigated using terahertz (THz) time-domain spectroscopy. Broadband polarization rotation up to 20° for 1-mm thick hexaferrite was demonstrated at room temperature. It was shown that the value of Faraday rotation can be effectively controlled by varying hexaferrite sample density as well as Al concentration. From the experimental data, the full permittivity tensor characterization of different hexaferrite samples was extracted to double-check the calculation of Faraday rotation. The obtained results demonstrate prospects for the utilization of BaAl1.4Fe10.6O19 hexaferrite with the highest density as a broadband self-biased complete THz isolator with moderate insertion losses below 5 cm–1 in the range up to 0.4 THz. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The biologically active polymer polyallylamine (PAA) is used in the creation of microcapsules for targeted drug delivery. It is also applied to produce multilayer films covering biomedical implants to provide primary cell contact with an artificial surface during the healing of damaged tissues. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of PAA in a sublethal concentration on the structure of the cellular genome at the karyotype level. CHL V-79 RJK (RJK) transformed Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts that are resistant to ethidium bromide (RJKEB) and caused multidrug resistance (MDR) were used in experiments. Analysis of a large number of G-banded metaphase plates showed that PAA at a high concentration generated multidirectional destabilization of the karyotype in RJKEB cells: aneuploidy and the appearance of chromosomal aberrations and homogeneously/differentially stained areas (HSRs/DSRs). These changes are considered a morphological manifestation of MDR. It follows from these findings that the use of synthetic biotransporters for medical purposes requires a thorough preliminary study of their toxicity with cytogenetic and molecular methods, in particular. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chitosan-modified magnetic nanoparticles are a promising basis for the creation of new diagnostic agents and therapeutic drugs. The cells of erythroid, granulocytic, monocytic, lymphocytic, and megakaryocytic lineages of bone marrow of mature rats were investigated for 120 days after single injection of 0.14 g per 1 kg body weight chitosan-modified magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4). Light microscopy was applied to describe the structure of hematopoietic cells and morphometric study was performed on Romanowsky—Giemsa stained smears to measure cells size (µm) and relative number (%). Comparison of the biological effects of nonmodified and modified magnetite nanoparticles on hematopoietic cells of bone marrow revealed the advantages of modification. Chitosan-modified magnetite nanoparticles did not affect the structure of hematopoietic cells in the rat bone marrow, and their injection produced a reversible increase in the relative number of monocytes, stab neutrophils and segmented neutrophils, as well as polychromatic and oxyphilic normoblasts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents new data on the structure and lithologic, geochemical, and granulometric features of the Quaternary deposits of the Tologoi key section (upper Cenozoic, Transbaikalia). These data made it possible to determine the location of paleosol horizons throughout the section and their thicknesses. Four main sedimentation cycles have been identified; each of them terminated with the formation of soil horizons. It is shown that the climate during the formation of the deposits had a cyclic nature: Wet periods were changed by dry epochs of different durations. During warming and the formation of soil horizons, distant and medium-range provenance areas prevailed. In situ biochemical postsedimentary transformations of the deposits dominated in the periods of the most intense pedogenesis, as reflected in the changes in their chemical composition. It is shown that the warmest climate and the activation of weathering and leaching processes during the Pleistocene were in the period of the accumulation of a paleosol horizon in the section interval 16.4-15.0 m. It was a period of pedogenic and biologic activity and reduced salinization and carbonation. Stages with prevailing cryogenic environments are clearly recorded in the studied geochemical profile as involutions, pseudomorphs after ice wedges, and thick carbonate lenses. The deposits formed at these stages are characterized by minimum salinization, high calcification, and low leaching (hydrolysis) and oxidation indices as well as a positive Eu anomaly and high ΣCe/ΣY and low La/Sm values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The indicator values of foundry coke quality are determined by means of testing at coke plants. As a rule, the consumers of foundry coke and foundry enterprises are located at a distance from coke plants. Foundry coke is transported in bulk in the open railroad cars. In this regard, the aim of this work is to reveal the effect of transportation on the quality of foundry coke. To determine the effect of transportation distance, the destruction index PT (%) was introduced. The experimental results have shown that the destruction degree of foundry coke is not the same at different transportation intervals. When transporting over distances up to 300 km, the coke with the minimum value of M40 durability index undergoes destruction. With an increase in the transportation distance from 900 to 2500 km, the destruction rate of foundry coke increases by 2.08–3.02% depending on the batch. For all batches, the formation of a fraction less than 40 mm was observed depending on the value of M40 durability index from 0.25 to 1.41%. For foundry coke characterized by high values ​​of the durability index, the fraction of 80 mm or larger is kept during transportation. With an increase in the ambient air humidity during transportation by 40%, the moisture content in coke samples with a fraction of 40–60, 60–80, and 80 mm and larger increases more than in 24, 17, and 10 times, respectively. With a decrease in the air humidity by 34%, the amount of moisture in a gram of coke with a fraction of 40–60, 60–80, and 80 mm or larger decreases in 2 times, 1.26 times, and 1.45 times, respectively. Compared with coke with a fraction of 60–80 and 80 mm and larger, the moisture content of coke with a fraction of 40–60 mm increases at a higher rate with an increase in the ambient air humidity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The alkylation of 1H-tetrazole, 5-methyl-1H-tetrazole, and 5-phenyl-1H-tetrazole with primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols, including benzylic and allylic ones, have been studied in 1,2-dichloroethane in the presence of boron trifluoride–diethyl ether complex. Neither primary nor secondary saturated alcohols alkylated tetrazoles in the given system. Tertiary alcohols such tert-butyl alcohol and adamantan-1-ol reacted with unsubstituted and 5-substituted tetrazoles to give 70–85% of the corresponding 2-alkyl-5-R-tetrazoles with high regioselectivity. The alkylation of 1H-tetrazole with benzyl alcohol afforded 55% of 2-benzyl-2H-tetrazole as the only product. The alkylation of 1H-tetrazole with various allylic alcohols led to the formation of mixtures of 2-alkyl-2H-tetrazoles with isomeric alkyl substituents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By the beginning of the 21st century, territories located near major international airports have become one of the most promising objects of economic and territorial development. Integrated projects involving their development are widespread in various countries. In Russia, such approaches are only just beginning to be used. The aim of this study is to choose a model for managing the integrated development of the territory around Tolmachevo Airport in Novosibirsk oblast, the most important passenger transport hub in Eastern Russia. To this end, the article systematizes promising investment proposals for an integrated intermunicipal project for the socioeconomic development of the territory around Tolmachevo Airport. The foreign and domestic experience of implementing projects in several municipalities was studied, including via intermunicipal cooperation. Forms of management of near-airport territories abroad and in Russia are systematized, and the current management system of the area around Tolmachevo Aerotropolis is analyzed. Proposals have been developed to improve the system for managing development of the territory around Tolmachevo Airport in Novosibirsk oblast. This will make it possible, from the position of strategic goals and objectives, to solve problems on territorial planning and management of development in the entire Tolmachevo Aerotropolis zone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently chia seeds (Salvia hispanica L.) are considered as a filler of functional food. However, ground chia seeds have a low viscosity and cohesion properties that are limited its applications. Based on previous data oat-chia seeds composites in different proportions as filler for yogurt have been tested. The investigation of water-holding capacity of samples allowed to select the yogurt with filler in the ratio of 1:1 (oat bran:chia seed) in the amount of 3% and 5% as the most close to the control sample without any filler. The rheological characteristics of yogurt samples were investigated and their thixotropic and viscoelastic properties were identified depending on the amount of filler in the product. The yogurt without any filler had the less thixotropic properties in compare with yogurt with oat-chia seeds composites. The structure recovery of yogurt with 3% and 5% filler was close to 100% and greater than 100% respectively. Based on the data of G' and G" moduli was possible to ascertain the yogurt with filler has more viscoelastic properties compared with yogurt without filler. Yogurt with 5% filler exceeds yogurt without filler in biological value according to the content of essential amino acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The elaboration of modes for directed regulation of cell transition from the nonmotile fixed status to the motile state, and vice versa, is referred to the most important problems of practical medicine. Nowadays, the creation of biopreparations on the basis of naturally occurring compounds for the minimization or elimination of negative consequences at the cell malignization is an actual problem. The effect of synthetic peptide GERA (a fragment of antimicrobial polypeptides defensins) on the spreading and migration of embryonic fibroblasts was studied. The peptide was found to increase the number of spread cells in cell population compared to the control cells. In addition, the GERA peptide stimulates the directed migration of fibroblasts to wounded zone of cell monolayer (i.e., substrate areas free from cells). The most probable cell targets in spreading and migrating fibroblasts under peptide action are the structural and regulatory components of focal adhesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanosized magnetite particles (magnetic nanospheres) are a prospective basis for creation of new diagnostic and therapeutic agents. The structure of blood leukocytes and the leukocytic formula are studied in adult rats over a period of 120 days after a single intravenous injection of chitosan-modified nanosized magnetite particles. No effects of chitosan-modified magnetic nanospheres on the structure of rat blood leukocytes are detected. Injection of suspension of chitosan-modified magnetite nanospheres is associated with an increase in the levels of monocytes, segmented and stab neutrophils, and a decrease in lymphocyte counts in the blood of rats. The shifts in the leukogram parameters are transitory, the picture returned to normal by day 40 postinjection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influence of the properties of foundry coke on its destruction in the course of transportation was studied. It was found that the rate of destruction of foundry coke samples increased by a factor of 1.23–6.14 upon transportation to distances over 900 km. The concentration of a particle-size class of 80 mm and greater decreased by 9.2–9.7%, and that of a particle-size class of 40 mm and greater increased by 0.25–1.41%. It was shown that the degree of destruction of foundry coke during transportation is influenced not only by the strength and ash content but also by the properties of coke obtained at various by-product coke plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Physiological tremor amplitude was studied along with the possibility of its biofeedback guided modification. Physiological tremor was recorded using three-axial digital accelerometers fixed on the external side of the index fingers. Subjects were asked to perform a series of 15-s physiological tremor tests with breaks to rest. Four biofeedback modes were used to minimize the following control parameters: hand inclination from a horizontal plane, mean tremor amplitude over both hands, tremor amplitude of the right hand with simulated left hand one, and inverse combination. The tremor amplitudes obtained in biofeedback conditions were compared to normal values, which were recorded before and after biofeedback testing. The possibility of targeted physiological tremor modification in a 8–12 Hz frequency band was proved by the suppression of tremor amplitude in biofeedback conditions. A transition of the tremor suppression effect in the band 8–12 Hz was observed; i.e., the tremor amplitude from the dominant arm significantly decreased when biofeedback parameters were obtained from the contralateral arm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nickel oxide nanosheets were manufactured using sol–gel technology and hydrothermal treatment. The effect of hydrothermal treatment on the hierarchical organization character of the thus-manufactured oxide powder was shown. The microstructural parameters of the powder were studied by transmission (TEM) and scanning (SEM) electron microscopy; The homogeneity of the powder and the absence of impurities of another chemical composition were verified by energy dispersive elemental microanalysis (EDX). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The practical training is a significant and obligatory part of the whole training process of the pedagogy students in the specialties for the educational and qualification degrees of Bachelor and Master and of the post-graduate qualification trainees. The professional and practical training of the students obtaining the professional qualification of teacher is regulated in the Order for the unified state requirements for the higher education obtaining with the professional qualification of teacher [5]. The study is focused on the attitudes and the evaluations of the mentor-teachers because they are the direct bearers of the necessary professional qualities to be acquired by the students. They are also the subjects of the good pedagogical practices and to a great extend of the innovations. The mentor-teachers determine the nearest perspective for the student progress and they form the following interaction: student/trainee teacher/ - training teacher /mentor/ - pupil, where the practical education results are manifested. Methods of the study: inquiry investigation, mathematical and statistical analysis. Results and conclusions: The study shows that the training teachers support the up-dating of the student practical training putting the accent on the activity and the motivation of the trainee teachers. An important result of the study is the positive attitudes of the training teachers toward the partnership with the higher school in the context of the whole life learning and their own professional development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]