Search

This paper presents a torque error compensation algorithm for a surface mounted permanent magnet synchronous machine (SPMSM) through real time permanent magnet (PM) flux linkage estimation at various temperature conditions from medium to rated speed. As known, the PM flux linkage in SPMSMs varies with the thermal conditions. Since a maximum torque per ampere look up table, a control method used for copper loss minimization, is developed based on estimated PM flux linkage, variation of PM flux linkage results in undesired torque development of SPMSM drives. In this paper, PM flux linkage is estimated through a stator flux linkage observer and the torque error is compensated in real time using the estimated PM flux linkage. In this paper, the proposed torque error compensation algorithm is verified in simulation and experiment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Devices gauging viscoelastic properties of blood during coagulation like the thromboelastograph support fundamental research as well as point of care needs. Associated fibrinolysis data are based on endogenous species or plasminogen activator added to a homogeneous sample prior to clot formation. Digestion in a monolithic structure differs from the physical situation of thrombolytic therapy where surface reactions dominate. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to develop rheological testing for heterogeneous phase fibrinolysis. METHOD: Fibrinolysis rates were determined by phase change of a solid clot induced by autologous plasma/streptokinase (SK) in a rheometer sensitive to viscous damping. RESULTS: Initial slope or overall change in the logarithmic damping factor indicated fibrinolytic rates. Rates depended on clot geometry, phase volumes, clot composition and SK concentration. CONCLUSION: The damped oscillation rheometer can be adapted to determine relative rates of heterogeneous fibrinolysis in vitro. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While acute treatment with beetroot juice (BRJ) containing nitrate (NO3-) can lower systolic blood pressure (SBP), afterload, and myocardial O2 demand during submaximal exercise, effects of chronic supplementation with BRJ (containing a relatively low dose of NO3-, 400 mg) on cardiac output (CO), SBP, total peripheral resistance (TPR), and the work of the heart in response to dynamic exercise are not known. Thus, in 14 healthy males (22 ± 1 yr), we compared effects of 15 days of both BRJ and nitrate-depleted beetroot juice (NDBRJ) supplementation on plasma concentrations of NOx (NO3-/NO2-), SBP, diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), CO, TPR, and rate pressure product (RPP) at rest and during progressive cycling exercise. Endothelial function was also assessed via flow-mediated dilation (FMD). BRJ supplementation increased plasma NOx from 83.8 ± 13.8 to 167.6 ± 13.2 μM. Compared with NDBRJ, BRJ reduced SBP, DBP, MAP, and TPR at rest and during exercise (P < 0.05). In addition, RPP was decreased during exercise, while CO was increased, but only at rest and the 30% workload (P < 0.05). BRJ enhanced FMD-induced increases in brachial artery diameter (pre: 12.3 ± 1.6%; post: 17.8 ± 1.9%). We conclude that 1) chronic supplementation with BRJ lowers blood pressure and vascular resistance at rest and during exercise and attenuates RPP during exercise and 2) these effects may be due, in part, to enhanced endothelium-induced vasodilation in contracting skeletal muscle. Findings suggest that BRJ can act as a dietary nutraceutical capable of enhancing O2 delivery and reducing work of the heart, such that exercise can be performed at a given workload for a longer period of time before the onset of fatigue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses aspects of human dignity according to the Buddhist anthropology from an integral perspective of the Buddhist Dharma, one based on rich documentation from the sacred texts of the Theravada and Mahayana traditions. Firstly, human dignity will be anchored in the seeds (potentialities) of the absolute Reality that are present in human nature under the semblance of the Tathagatagarbha (embrionic Buddha nature). Secondly, by a philosophical analysis of the universal Reality of Dharma, the Law of conditioned origin (pratityasamutpada) and the teaching on emptiness (shunyata), the notion of "Being" will be disclosed as "Inter-being" and hence human dignity appears in its cosmic dimension. Undergoing a process of purification, abstaining from any violence and of emptying the ego by practicing wisdom and compassion, the human subject begins to resemble the figure of the bodhisattva (a being on the threshold of enlightenment), the highest Buddhist ideal of altruism, in which the person freely postpones any individual achievement of Nirvana until the entire eco-system has reached the same perfection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The notion of wisdom in the Confucian tradition obviously deserves a very wide and complex study. For this article, its formative elements have been limited to the original notion of Confucianism (Ru-Chiao) according to its own definition as a "teaching of wise and holy men on the highest truth". The ethical-moral and spiritual values of wisdom have been considered under a salvific perspective as harmony within oneself, with others and with the entire universe. These facets can be studied from some of the major canons, such as Lun-yu (Dialogues), Zhung-yong (Doctrine of the Mean), Ta-xue (Great Learning), as well as from the teachings of Mencius and some neo-Confucian philosophers. Wisdom appears as closely connected to "listening to the Tao". Its manifestation in the world presupposes a knowledge of the Decree of Heaven as well as a consideration about human nature. As constitutive aspects of human existence, the virtues of love and wisdom meet in the heart of each person. Particular attention is given to the role of wisdom in the cosmic ecosystem and to its close relationship with public and political life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most of controlling disaster managements focus on how to rescue people from disaster areas. In this paper, we propose an emergency escape system that helps people escape by themselves effectively from a disaster area in which each person owns a mobile device. We define a scenario for the proposed system in which there are five system states; they are Idle, Discovery, Subscription/Publication, Execution, and Communication states. The system uses several technologies such as service-oriented architecture, GPS and Wi-Fi positioning systems, and some sensors. The proposed system utilizes users' information such as weighted distances, weighted directions and revisit counts. The system is implemented on a double-layered MANET to reduce traffic and to collaborate with each other. We have constructed a simulator to test the proposed system. The simulation results show that the proposed system outperforms other approaches in terms of the distance and the time proving that the proposed system could be an effective life-saving rescue system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Side chain crosslinked (C-SFPEx-CMy) sulfonated poly(arylene ether) (SPAE) membranes containing fluorine moiety with varying degree of sulfonation (DS) were prepared and evaluated for use as a thin-film composite membrane for seawater desalination. C-SFPEx-CMy membranes were obtained by covalent crosslinking among ethynyl groups at the polymer side chain through thermal curing. The crosslinked network structure suppressed the water uptake and swelling ratio. A novel type of composite membranes (TC-SFPEx-CMy) were prepared side chain crosslinked SPAE layer containing fluorine moiety on top of PET non-woven with epoxy resin as bonding agent. TC-SFPEx-CMy show the increase in NaCl rejection as DS decreases from 30% to 70%. NaCl rejection of the membranes increased with increasing corsslinking moiety (CM) while water permeability decreases due to the crosslinked net work structure. Particularly, crosslinked membrane of 30 mol % of CM could enhance the salt (NaCl) rejection property up to 85.3 % as compared to of crosslinked membrane (69.5%) containing 10 mol % of CM under same DS. However crosslinked membrane showed the decrease in water permeability from 6.89 L/m²-h (TC-SFPE30-CM10) to 2.06 L/m2-h (TC-SFPE30-CM30). For TC-SFPE30-CM30 membrane, the order of salt rejection was observed Na2SO4 > NaCl > MgSO4 > MgCL2 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel composite membrane for potential desalination was prepared by coating of sulfonated poly(arylene ether) on the non-woven web. The non-woven web was made of end-group cross-linkable flurorinated poly(arylene ether) nanowires fabricated by electrospinning method. The crosslinked non-woven web was obtained by covalent crosslinking among ethynyl groups at the polymer chain end via thermal curing. The salt rejection and permeability of the crosslinked non-woven web were controlled by varying degrees of sulfonation (DS) of sulfonated poly(arylene ether). The compostie membranes show the increase of NaCl rejection as DS decreases from 20% to 60%, while water permeability decreases due to the increase of hydrophilicity. The order of salt rejection was as follows: Na2SO4 (88.4%), NaCl (79.3%), MgSO4 (70.2%), Mg2Cl2 (62.3%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SiO2mesoporous materials were prepared by decomposition of a polymer matrix from nanocomposites that were incorporated with a SiO2sol. Polystyrene-b-poly(2-vinylpyridine) (PS-b-P2VP) was synthesized using living anionic polymerization and the P2VP block was quaternized for a matrix of nanoparticles. The SiO2sol was selectively embedded into the quaternized P2VP domain of PS-b-P2VP diblock copolymer with a sphere or lamella morphology. Then the polymers were etched out by heating. The phase separation of the block copolymers and the SiO2incorporated nanocomposites was observed by EF-TEM. The controlled mesoporous morphologies were obtained according to the block ratio of block copolymers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optical properties such as refractive index, birefringence, thermal stability, and optical loss of fluorinated co-poly(arylene ether sulfide)s and co-poly(arylene ether sulfone)s were investigated, and they are related to the molecular structure of the polymers. The refractive index of the optical polymers varies in the range of 1.51∼1.60, and its variation is well described by a Lorentz-Lorenz equation. Their birefringence varies between 0.0027∼0.0039 for the sulfides series and between 0.0009∼0.0025 for the sulfone series at a 1.55-μm wavelength, respectively. The birefringence is analyzed based on the microscopic anisotropic ratio of the polarizability of the molecular repeating unit resulting in good linear relationship between them within the polymer groups. This result implies that the molecular calculation can be utilized to design polymers with low birefringence. The propagation losses of the optical polymers were 0.1∼0.3 and 0.2∼0.5 dB/cm at the wavelength of 1.3 and 1.55 μm, respectively. The optical losses are inversely proportional to fluorine content. The polymers have good thermal stability upon long-term thermal stress at 100°C for 1000 h and short-term thermal stress at 300°C for 1 h. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Some novel cross-linkable fluorinated poly(arylene ether sulfides) (FPAESI) were synthesized for use in optical waveguide applications. The materials have high thermal stability, high optical transparency in the infrared communication region, and much less birefringence than other thermally stable fluorinated polyimides. The refractive index of FPAESI after storage at 100°C for 1000 h remains almost constant, demonstrating their thermal stability. Furthermore, the refractive index of the material can be easily controlled by changing the fluorine content of the materials. The propagation loss of channel waveguides, which were fabricated using reactive ion etching was less than 0.42 dB/cm and 0.4 dB/cm at the wavelength of 1.55 μm for TE and TM polarizations, respectively [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Deals with a study which examined the adhesion, growth, and survival of dissociated rat cerebellar neurons onto glass surfaces derivatized with covalently bound ultrathin polymer layers. Materials and methods; Results and discussion; Conclusion.

The rod-like chains wrap tangentially to the curved interface of the spherical cores of the rod-coil micelles and vesicles that are reversibly interchangeable by varying the polymer concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Demonstrates the control of selective cell adhesion and neurite outgrowth on polystyrene surface through an excimer laser. Fabrication of cell patterns by the excimer laser; Importance of laser ablation; Characterization of surfaces.