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The aim of the paper is to give an overview of selected ongoing ISO standardization activities in the domain of geographic information dealing with BIM/GIS and 3D cadastre. The presented international standards have also a close relation to the activities (e.g. 3D spatial planning) from which the smart cities could benefit. In particular, in this paper the ISO 19152 Geographic information – Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) standard and ISO 19166 Geographic information – BIM to GIS conceptual mapping (B2GM) standard (still under development) are emphasized. Both mentioned standards are also strongly interrelated with each other. The ISO 19152 standard supports the smart registration of real estates by providing a conceptual schema incorporating 3D parcels, i.e. the 3D cadastre. 3D cadastre can provide the accurate, authoritative and unambiguous foundation for understanding the urban form. The second version of the ISO 19152 is also going to be extended to manage the spatial planning information. This enables 3D spatial planning in connection with the legal information, which is all together of big importance for building the smart cities. Furthermore, the ISO 19166 standard is going to provide a conceptual framework for transformation of BIM into GIS (at various level of details) and vice versa. This enables a wider use of existing detailed and semantically rich 3D digital BIM data in building of the 3D cadastre and smart cities GIS projects. Highlights for public administration, management and planning: • There are currently two running projects within International Organization for Standardization (ISO) from which the smart city should benefit – the international standard ISO 19166 BIM2GIS and ISO TR 23262 GIS (geospatial) / BIM interoperability. • There is an existing international standard ISO 19152 Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) supporting the creation of the 3D cadastre. • The second version of the international standard ISO 19152, which is now under development, will bring a support for spatial planning and also the examples of technical encodings of LADM in BIM/IFC and CityGML. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper explores the way in which the underground objects can be measured, modelled, stored in spatial database and visualised for purposes of the 3D cadastre. The underground objects can be represented as 3D consolidated parcels representing an independent property that is not related to the surface parcel boundaries. The proposed solution is demonstrated for the wine cellar located in the vineyard area Tokaj. Since the international standard ISO 19152 Land Administration Domain Model exists and allows for the registration of 3D parcels, it is important that the used data model for storage of 3D underground parcels is based upon this standard. To model the 3D underground parcels the LADM boundary face concept with topological encoding is used. To visualise the 3D underground cadastral map, a new visualisation tool has been developed. The tool enables the visualisation of spatial data directly from the spatial database. When working with a huge amount of spatial data, it is necessary to optimise the way the data in the database are queried. To optimise the loading of data from the spatial database the vector tiles were created. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper describes a localization of Müller’s maps of regions of Bohemia from 1712 to 1718. Original maps represent the territories within regional boundaries in approximate scale 1: 100 000. It is relatively problematic to extract spatial information from the maps based on precise geodetic control and well-known cartographic projection. A different approach must be chosen in case of old maps without geodetic control and identifiable cartographic projection. In such a case the identical points whose coordinates in the reference coordinate system are known must be identified in the old map and their cartometric coordinates measured. This is also the case of manuscript Müller’s maps. For creation of a transformation key the suitable input data must be selected. As the most frequented features on these maps are settlements it was decided to use this part of planimetric component. Several ways how to use the settlements for transformation were explored in order to find out the most appropriate way of localization of these rare old maps. For purpose of old maps localization the database of settlements (DBS) was used. This database is based on the Territorial Identification Register of Basic Settlement Units (TIR-BSU) which has been created in 1992–2004 and contains current coordinates of settlements. Furthermore, after transformation, the analysis of the visualization accuracy of watercourses was done. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spatial information is often not effectively handled and used, e.g., in public administration. The key reason is that information about what spatial data exists, and where and under which circumstances it can be used, is missing. This leads to a situation whereby data are gathered and maintained multiple times. In October 2014, the Czech government approved the conception of The Strategy for the Development of the Infrastructure for Spatial Information in the Czech Republic to 2020 (GeoInfoStrategy), which serves as a basis for the National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI). Furthermore, in June 2015 the GeoInfoStrategy Action Plan was approved. The vision of the GeoInfoStrategy is that the Czech Republic will use spatial information effectively by 2020. The innovative approach of the GeoInfoStrategy to build the NSDI includes cooperation between all parties--not only public administration, but also the private sector, academia, professional associations and user communities. The principles defined in the GeoInfoStrategy are general and can serve as best practice for other countries building an NSDI that should meet the requirements of all target groups working with spatial information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The geodetic point fields play a crucial role in measuring a terrain, in surveying, and mapping applications. Due to the rapid development in the domain of information technologies, it makes sense to consider using the database and web technologies to manage and disseminate the available information about the geodetic point fields. The paper presents the creation of a spatial database which integrates the information about the various kinds of established geodetic point fields (horizontal, vertical and gravitational) with the aim of enabling their effective management. Furthermore, based on the integrated spatial database, the prototype of the new information system of geodetic point fields has been developed. The functionality of the prototype also considers the requirements coming from the international efforts, i.e., the Infrastructure for Spatial Information in Europe (INSPIRE) directive. The prototype, based on Java Enterprise Edition (EE) technology, implements the features reflecting the cyber-security issues and ensures the modularity and scalability of the system, which is important for further development of the system and dissemination and accessibility of the information about the geodetic point fields via modern web technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]