1. The impact of maternal employment on breast-feeding duration in the UK Millennium Cohort Study.
- Author
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Summer Sherburne Hawkins, Lucy Jane Griffiths, and Carol Dezateux
- Subjects
BREASTFEEDING ,MATERNAL health services ,CHILD care ,WORKING mothers - Abstract
AbstractObjectiveTo examine the relationship of maternal employment characteristics, day care arrangements and the type of maternity leave pay to breast-feeding for at least 4 months.DesignCohort study.SettingBabies aged 9 months in the Millennium Cohort Study, born between September 2000 and January 2002.SubjectsA total of 6917 British/Irish white employed mothers with singleton babies.ResultsMothers employed part-time or self-employed were more likely to breast-feed for at least 4 months than those employed full-time (adjusted rate ratio (aRR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.30 (1.17?1.44) and 1.74 (1.46?2.07), respectively). The longer a mother delayed her return to work postpartum, the more likely she was to breast-feed for at least 4 months (Pfor trend 0.001). Mothers were less likely to breast-feed for at least 4 months if they returned to work for financial reasons (aRR 0.86, 95% CI 0.80?0.93) or used informal day care arrangements rather than care by themselves or their partner (aRR 0.81, 95% CI 0.71?0.91). Mothers were more likely to breastfeed for at least 4 months if their employer offered family-friendly (aRR 1.14, 95% CI 1.02?1.27) or flexible work arrangements (aRR 1.24, 95% CI 1.00?1.55), or they received Statutory Maternity Pay (SMP) plus additional pay during their maternity leave rather than SMP alone (aRR 1.13, 95% CI 1.02?1.26). These findings were independent of confounding factors, such as socio-economic status and maternal education.ConclusionsCurrent policies may encourage mothers to enter or return to employment postpartum, but this may result in widening inequalities in breast-feeding and persistence of low rates. Policies should aim to increase financial support and incentives for employers to offer supportive work arrangements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007