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The use of energy-based devices in cosmetic treatments for patients with higher Fitzpatrick skin types is a topic of concern due to the increased risk of complications such as hyperpigmentation and scarring. Advancements in technology have enabled the development of safe and effective energy-based modalities for improving skin tone, texture, and signs of aging in patients with higher Fitzpatrick skin types. This article reviews various modalities that have shown positive outcomes in Fitzpatrick skin types 4 to 6. Radiofrequency (RF) skin tightening devices have emerged as a noninvasive method for improving skin laxity by stimulating collagen and elastin production without generating excessive heat, making them suitable for darker skin tones. Microfocused ultrasound (MFUS) is another noninvasive option for skin tightening and lifting. By producing thermal coagulation in the deeper layers of the skin, MFUS stimulates collagen production, resulting in improved skin tightness. Fractional laser resurfacing, both ablative and nonablative, offers effective treatment options for various concerns such as acne scars, skin texture, and dyspigmentation. Nonablative fractional lasers, which target water rather than melanin, are particularly safer for darker skin types. Broadband light devices that emit different wavelengths have shown success in skin rejuvenation, improving wrinkles, pore size, erythema, telangiectasias, and dyspigmentation. Additionally, RF microneedling combines the benefits of both modalities, delivering safe treatment for skin laxity and textural concerns. The short-pulse neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser has become a transformative tool for patients with Fitzpatrick skin types 4 to 6. This laser targets melanin, hemoglobin, and water, providing improvements in hyperpigmentation, acne, fine lines, and scar texture. Combining the short-pulse Nd:YAG laser with other treatments like chemical peels or microneedling has shown synergistic effects and enhanced outcomes. Understanding these modalities and tailoring treatments to specific concerns is crucial for safe and effective solutions in patients with higher Fitzpatrick skin types. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article draws from inquiry-based research that explored the efficacy of practitioners’ efforts to create an asset-oriented field experience with preservice teachers and middle school students, responding to the challenge of building a virtual learning community during the pandemic. Through thematic analysis (Braun & Clarke, 2006), we investigated the pedagogical practices of one preservice English teacher who engaged three emergent bilingual middle school students in composing multimodal identity artifacts during a nineweek project. The findings of this study point to the value placed on acompañamiento— that is, learning “alongside” and “with” students (Sepúlveda, 2011). This aspect of the instructional design was found to be especially important in building a sense of community in the virtual classroom space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the local impact of the catastrophic earthquake in northern Pakistan on 8 October 2005. Drawing on field research, including interviews with 40 earthquake survivors, the post-disaster analysis presented here focuses upon risk awareness and the reactions of respondents to the 7.6 magnitude earthquake that devastated areas of Azad Jammu and Kashmir State, and North-West Frontier Province. The analysis provides insights into local perceptions of seismic hazard and exposure as well as survivors' priorities with regard to rebuilding and reconstruction. The article suggests that the tragedy of the devastating earthquake is entangled in a deeper knot of causal factors that are social, economic and political in nature. Rapid population growth, urbanisation, changing building styles, environmental degradation and lack of preparedness and mitigation are associated with the circumstances that place the population at risk. Remarks concerning present and future risk reduction efforts are included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents information on a study which examined the factors contributing to inner-city racial minorities' underrepresentation in low-wage consumer-service jobs. Importance of geocultural context and workplace social relations; Research methodology; Advent of neoconservatism; Findings and conclusion.

Compares the efficacy of autogenous grafts and synthetic materials in rhinoplasty. Background on rhinoplasty and graft materials; Discussion on the use of autogenous cartilage; Criticisms against the use of synthetic materials; Analysis and discussion.

Reviews the plays `Triangulated Nation,' staged by George Coates and performed by the George Coates Performance Works on April 7, 1999 and `Lizard Monitors,' by Cathy Weis on April 16, 1999.

Adolescence is a time of social and cognitive development associated with changes in brain structure and function. These developmental changes may show an altered path in individuals born before 33 weeks’ gestation (very preterm; VPT). The cerebellum is affected by VPT birth, but no studies have yet assessed the adolescent development of this structure, or whether developmental changes in cerebellar structure are associated with cognitive and behavioural outcome. We measured cerebellar volumes on structural magnetic resonance images in 65 adolescents who were born before 33 weeks’ gestation (VPT) and 34 term-born adolescents (mean age VPT = 15.09, SD = 1.43/mean age term-born = 15.43, SD = 0.56) and again in adulthood (mean age VPT = 18.61, SD = 1.02/mean age term-born = 19.17, SD = 0.95). Participants also underwent neuropsychological tests; the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence and the Controlled Oral Word Association Test and completed the General Health Questionnaire-12. Repeated measures ANOVA showed a main effect of time-point (F = 4.59, df = 1, P = 0.035) and a time-point by group interaction (F = 8.03, df = 1, P = 0.006) on cerebellar growth. By adulthood, cerebellar volumes were 3.11% smaller in the preterm group than they had been in early adolescence (P = 0.000). Cerebellar volume did not change significantly in the control group (P = 0.612). There were significant negative correlations between change in cerebellar volume and GHQ-12 in the VPT group; total score (r = −0.324 P = 0.028) and several subscales; concentration (r = −0.378 P = 0.010), feeling useful (r = −0.311 P = 0.035), decision-making capability (r = −0.348 P = 0.018), overcoming difficulties (r = −0.331 P = 0.025), feeling confident (r = −0.309 P = 0.037) and feeling worthless (r = −0.329 P = 0.026). In the VPT group there were positive correlations between cerebellar volume and full-scale IQ (adolescence; r = 0.471, P = 0.002/adulthood; r = 0.309, P = 0.047), performance IQ (adolescence; r = 0.434, P = 0.004/adulthood; r = 0.345, P = 0.025) and verbal IQ (adolescence; r = 0.401, P = 0.008) which were not maintained after controlling for white matter volume. We have demonstrated a reduction in cerebellar volume between adolescence and young adulthood in VPT individuals, which is correlated with reduced self-reported wellbeing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]