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Purpose: Radiation encephalopathy (REP) is one of the most common complications of radiotherapy for malignant tumors of the head and neck. Symptoms usually appear months to years following radiotherapy, with headache, insomnia, and memory loss as the main clinical features. We report a patient who was admitted to the hospital with anxiety and depressive disorder and was eventually diagnosed with REP. Patients and methods: A 48-year-old patient who had undergone over 2 years of radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma was admitted to the Department of Psychosomatic Medicine of our hospital because of recurrent fear, low mood, and waking up from dreams. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a mass in the left temporal lobe with a large peripheral edema. After multidisciplinary consultation, the possibility of tumor recurrence could not be excluded. Results: Resection of the lesioned brain tissue to obtain pathological tissue showed glial cell proliferation and small focal areas of degeneration and necrosis, which indicated that the lesions were inflammatory. Postoperative MRI showed no abnormal signal, and the patient's condition improved. Conclusion: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients with a history of radiotherapy and symptoms of increased intracranial pressure and neurological damage should be examined for REP. Furthermore, patients may experience anxiety and depressive disorders as a result of temporal lobe damage caused by REP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is an editorial published in the journal Frontiers in Neurology, discussing new insights and perspectives on traumatic brain injury (TBI). It emphasizes the importance of integration, translation, and multidisciplinary approaches in TBI research. The editorial highlights various aspects of TBI-related research, including basic and translational research, clinical research, and forensic and precision identification research. It mentions several research articles and reviews that contribute to these areas and provide valuable references for understanding TBI. The document also emphasizes the need for further research to improve TBI models, expand clinical studies, and explore biomarkers and imaging techniques for forensic identification. The document concludes a research topic on TBI and related fields, aiming to disseminate high-quality research and bridge the gap between basic neuroscience knowledge and the unmet needs in brain health. It emphasizes the importance of addressing the service provision system, including prevention, care, rehabilitation, and resocialization of TBI victims. The authors express gratitude to the groups that submitted their scientific findings and the reviewers who enhanced the quality of each study. [Extracted from the article]

Lattice metamaterials based on three-period minimum surface (TPMS) are an effective means to achieve lightweight and high-strength materials which are widely used in various fields such as aerospace and ships. However, its vibration and noise reduction, and damping properties have not been fully studied. Therefore, in this study, the TPMS structures with parameterization were designed by the method of surface migration, and the TPMS structures with high forming quality was manufactured by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). The mechanical properties and energy absorption characteristics of the beam and TPMS structures were studied and compared by quasi-static compression. The modal shapes of the beam lattice structures and TPMS structures were obtained by the free modal analysis, and the damping properties of two structures were obtained by modal tests. For the two structures after heat treatment with the same porosity of 70%, the yield strength of the beam lattice structure reaches 40.76 MPa, elastic modulus is 20.38 GPa, the energy absorption value is 32.23 MJ·m-3, the damping ratio is 0.52%. The yield strength, elastic modulus, energy absorption value, and damping ratio of the TPMS structure are 50.74 MPa, 25.37 GPa, 47.34 MJ·m-3, and 0.99%, respectively. The results show that TPMS structures exhibit more excellent mechanical properties and energy absorption, better damping performance, and obvious advantages in structural load and vibration and noise reduction compared with the beam lattice structures under the same porosity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, for each α ∈ [0,1] and two positive semidefinite matrices A and B, we show the monotonicity decreasing property on q of -Tr[A1-qTα/q(Aq||Bq)| for 0 < α < q < 1, which implies an Ando-Hiai result that complements Hiai-Petz inequality as q ↓ 0, where Tα(A||B) = A#αB-A/α. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Class III tight oil reservoirs have low porosity and permeability, which are often responsible for low production rates and limited recovery. Extensive repeated fracturing is a well-known technique to fix some of these issues. With such methods, existing fractures are refractured, and/or new fractures are created to facilitate communication with natural fractures. This study explored how different refracturing methods affect horizontal well fracture networks, with a special focus on morphology and related fluid flow changes. In particular, the study relied on the unconventional fracture model (UFM). The evolution of fracture morphology and flow field after the initial fracturing were analyzed accordingly. The simulation results indicated that increased formation energy and reduced reservoir stress differences can promote fracture expansion. It was shown that the length of the fracture network, the width of the fracture network, and the complexity of the fracture can be improved, the oil drainage area can be increased, the distance of oil and gas seepage can be reduced, and the production of a single well can be significantly increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The drag coefficient of the sea surface is crucial for the exchange of momentum between the ocean and atmosphere. The wave state significantly influences the variability of the drag coefficient. In the past, researchers commonly employed single-parameterization methods to describe this influence. However, the influence of wave conditions on drag coefficient is complex and variable, and it is difficult to accurately describe it with a single parameter alone. Wave age represents the ability of wind-induced waves to input energy, while wave steepness reflects the stability of the waves. By simultaneously considering wave age and wave steepness, a more accurate characterization of the dynamic nature of waves can be achieved. Additionally, the presence of sea spray profoundly impacts the distribution of the momentum flux between the ocean and atmosphere, thereby influencing the drag coefficient of the sea surface. In this study, we established a novel sea spray generation function that bases on both the wind speed and wave states (wave steepness and wave age). Considering this function, the momentum flux of sea spray droplets was analyzed under different wave states. Moreover, with increasing wave age or wave steepness, the effective sea surface drag coefficient is attenuated at low to moderate wind speeds. Considering the challenge of simultaneously obtaining wave age and wave steepness data, this paper proposes a relationship equation between the two wave state parameters. When the wave age is greater than 0.4, the correlation between the wave age and the wave steepness is strong. As the wind speed increases from low to high, there is a noticeable decrease in the effective sea surface drag coefficient with the corresponding increase in wave age. When the wave age is less than 0.4, the wave steepness reaches a maximum value, and the effective sea surface drag coefficient increases with the increase of the wave age at medium and low wind speed. With further increases in wind speed, the momentum flux derived from the air also increases. Simultaneously, the effective sea surface drag coefficient exhibits a decrease as wave age increases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Generating elite rice varieties with high yield and superior quality is the main goal of rice breeding programs. Key agronomic traits, including grain size and seed germination characteristics, affect the final yield and quality of rice. The RGA1 gene, which encodes the α-subunit of rice G-protein, plays an important role in regulating rice architecture, seed size and abiotic stress responses. However, whether RGA1 is involved in the regulation of rice quality and seed germination traits is still unclear. Results In this study, a rice mutant small and round grain 5 (srg5), was identified in an EMS-induced rice mutant library. Systematic analysis of its major agronomic traits revealed that the srg5 mutant exhibited a semi-dwarf plant height with small and round grain and reduced panicle length. Analysis of the physicochemical properties of rice showed that the difference in rice eating and cooking quality (ECQ) between the srg5 mutant and its wild-type control was small, but the appearance quality was significantly improved. Interestingly, a significant suppression of rice seed germination and shoot growth was observed in the srg5 mutant, which was mainly related to the regulation of ABA metabolism. RGA1 was identified as the candidate gene for the srg5 mutant by BSA analysis. A SNP at the splice site of the first intron disrupted the normal splicing of the RGA1 transcript precursor, resulting in a premature stop codon. Additional linkage analysis confirmed that the target gene causing the srg5 mutant phenotype was RGA1. Finally, the introduction of the RGA1 mutant allele into two indica rice varieties also resulted in small and round rice grains with less chalkiness. Conclusions These results indicate that RGA1 is not only involved in the control of rice architecture and grain size, but also in the regulation of rice quality and seed germination. This study sheds new light on the biological functions of RGA1, thereby providing valuable information for future systematic analysis of the G-protein pathway and its potential application in rice breeding programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Additive manufacturing technology is highly regarded due to its advantages, such as high precision and the ability to address complex geometric challenges. However, the development of additive manufacturing process is constrained by issues like unclear fundamental principles, complex experimental cycles, and high costs. Machine learning, as a novel artificial intelligence technology, has the potential to deeply engage in the development of additive manufacturing process, assisting engineers in learning and developing new techniques. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the research and applications of machine learning in the field of additive manufacturing, particularly in model design and process development. Firstly, it introduces the background and significance of machine learning-assisted design in additive manufacturing process. It then further delves into the application of machine learning in additive manufacturing, focusing on model design and process guidance. Finally, it concludes by summarizing and forecasting the development trends of machine learning technology in the field of additive manufacturing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an interstitial lung disease characterized by progressive lung scarring and remodeling. Although treatments exist that slow disease progression, IPF is irreversible, and there is no cure. Cellular senescence, a major hallmark of aging, has been implicated in IPF pathogenesis, and mitochondrial dysfunction is increasingly recognized as a driver of senescence. Adenine nucleotide translocases (ANTs) are abundant mitochondrial ATP-ADP transporters critical for regulating cell fate and maintaining mitochondrial function. We sought to determine how alterations in ANTs influence cellular senescence in pulmonary fibrosis. We found that SLC25A4 (solute carrier family 25 member 4) (ANT1) and SLC25A5 (ANT2) expression is reduced in the lungs of patients with IPF, particularly within alveolar type II (AT2) cells, by single-cell RNA sequencing and tissue staining. Loss of ANT1 by siRNA in lung epithelial cells resulted in increased senescence markers such as β-galactosidase and p21, with a reduction in the ratio of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide to reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. Bleomycin-treated ANT1 knockdown cells also had increased senescence markers compared with bleomycin-treated control cells. Loss of ANT1 in AT2 cells resulted in a reduction in alveolar organoid growth, with an increase in p21 by staining. Global loss of ANT1 resulted in worse lung fibrosis and increased senescence in the bleomycin- and asbestos-induced mouse models of pulmonary fibrosis. In summary, loss of ANT1 contributes to IPF pathogenesis through mitochondrial dysfunction, increased senescence, and decreased regenerative capacity of AT2 cells, resulting in enhanced lung fibrosis. Modulation of ANTs presents a new therapeutic avenue that may alter cellular senescence pathways and limit pulmonary fibrosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brain diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases and neuropsychiatric diseases, have long plagued the lives of the affected populations and caused a huge burden on public health. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is an excellent neuroimaging technology for measuring brain activity, which provides new insight for clinicians to help diagnose brain diseases. In recent years, machine learning methods have displayed superior performance in diagnosing brain diseases compared to conventional methods, attracting great attention from researchers. This paper reviews the representative research of machine learning methods in brain disease diagnosis based on fMRI data in the recent three years, focusing on the most frequent four active brain disease studies, including Alzheimer's disease/mild cognitive impairment, autismspectrum disorders, schizophrenia, and Parkinson's disease. We summarize these 55 articles from multiple perspectives, including the effect of the size of subjects, extracted features, feature selection methods, classification models, validation methods, and corresponding accuracies. Finally, we analyze these articles and introduce future research directions to provide neuroimaging scientists and researchers in the interdisciplinary fields of computing and medicine with new ideas for AI-aided brain disease diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Potential exo‐specific [3+2] cascade cyclizations between o‐Br‐substituted cinnamates (CM−Br) and benzo‐fused 7‐oxa‐norbornadiene (Bz‐OND) by Pd‐mediated catalysis were explored both in racemic and asymmetric methods. A systematic study on Pd(II) catalysts, silane additives, carbonate bases, solvents, chiral diphosphines within a reaction temperature range of 60–80 °C were carried out. The best combination was between methyl o‐Br‐cinnamate and Bz‐OND catalyzed by Pd(OAc)2/dppf and /DM‐BINAP, respectively, in CH3CN at 80 °C. The desired racemic and optically active Bz‐OND‐fused indanes bearing 1‐carbonylmethylidene (CBM) unit were thus afforded in 95 % and 71 % yields and with enantioselectivities of up to 43 % ee. The optimal asymmetric recipe can be applied to alkyl, aryl cinnamates, 4‐substituted, and 5‐substituted o‐bromo‐cinnamates. Exclusive hydrogenations from the exo‐face of the CBM alkene units can be readily done by Pd(0)/charcoal in EtOAc, affording the product complementary to the direct Rh(I)‐catalyzed cyclization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present study was to explore the diagnostic value of a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) model for the diagnosis of pulmonary nodules in adolescent and young adult patients with osteosarcoma. For the present study, 675 chest CT images were retrospectively collected from 109 patients with clinically confirmed osteosarcoma who underwent chest CT examination at Hangzhou Third People's Hospital (Hangzhou, China) from March 2011 to February 2022. CT images were then evaluated using the DCNN and manual models. Subsequently, pulmonary nodules of osteosarcoma were divided into calcified nodules, solid nodules, partially solid nodules and ground glass nodules using the DCNN model. Those patients with osteosarcoma who were diagnosed and treated were followed up to observe dynamic changes in the pulmonary nodules. A total of 3,087 nodules were detected, while 278 nodules were missed compared with those determined using the reference standard given by the consensus of three Experienced radiologists., which was analyzed by two diagnostic radiologists. In the manual model group, 2,442 nodules were detected, while 657 nodules were missed. The DCNN model showed significantly higher sensitivity and specificity compared with the manual model (sensitivity, 0.923 vs. 0.908; specificity, 0.552 vs. 0.351; P<0.05). In addition, the DCNN model yielded an area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.795 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.743-0.846], outperforming that of the manual model (AUC, 0.687; 95% CI, 0.629-0.732; P<0.05). The film reading time of the DCNN model was also significantly shorter compared with that of the manual model [mean ± standard deviation (SD); 173.25±24.10 vs. 328.32±22.72 sec; P<0.05)]. The AUC of calcified nodules, solid nodules, partially solid nodules and ground glass nodules was calculated to be 0.766, 0.771, 0.761 and 0.796, respectively, using the DCNN model. Using this model, the majority of the pulmonary nodules were detected in patients with osteosarcoma at the initial diagnosis (69/109, 62.3%), and the majority of these were found with multiple pulmonary nodules instead of a single nodule (71/109, 65.1% vs. 38/109, 34.9%). These data suggest that, compared with the manual model, the DCNN model proved to be beneficial for the detection of pulmonary nodules in adolescent and young adult patients with osteosarcoma, which may reduce the time of artificial radiograph reading. In conclusion, the proposed DCNN model, developed using data from 675 chest CT images retrospectively collected from 109 patients with clinically confirmed osteosarcoma, may be used as an effective tool to evaluate pulmonary nodules in patients with osteosarcoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Sepsis is a syndrome with the disturbed host response to severe infection and is a major health problem worldwide. As the front line of infection defense and drug metabolism, the liver is vulnerable to infection- or drug-induced injury. Acute liver injury (ALI) is thus common in patients with sepsis and is significantly associated with poor prognosis. However, there are still few targeted drugs for the treatment of this syndrome in clinics. Recent studies have reported that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) show potential for the treatment of various diseases, while the molecular mechanisms remain incompletely characterized. Aims and methods: Herein, we used cecal ligation puncture (CLP) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plus D-galactosamine (D-gal) as sepsis-induced ALI models to investigate the roles and mechanisms of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the treatment of ALI in sepsis. Results: We found that either MSCs or MSC-derived exosome significantly attenuated ALI and consequent death in sepsis. miR-26a-5p, a microRNA downregulated in septic mice, was replenished by MSC-derived exosome. Replenishment of miR-26a-5p protected against hepatocyte death and liver injury caused by sepsis through targeting Metastasis Associated Lung Adenocarcinoma Transcript 1 (MALAT1), a long non-coding RNA highly presented in hepatocyte and liver under sepsis and inhibiting anti-oxidant system. Conclusion: Taken together, the results of the current study revealed the beneficial effects of MSC, exosome or miR-26a-5p on ALI, and determined the potential mechanisms of ALI induced by sepsis. MALAT1 would be a novel target for drug development in the treatment of this syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, firstly, we shall show reverse of Fujii-Seo type log-majorization, and discuss the equivalence between the log-majorization and Furuta inequality with negative power. At last, we show its application to the Tsallis relative entropies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we shall obtain several extensions of log-majorization of Gan-Liu-Tam type. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The peptidoglycan (PG) cell wall produced by the bacterial division machinery is initially shared between the daughters and must be split to promote cell separation and complete division. In gram-negative bacteria, enzymes that cleave PG called amidases play major roles in the separation process. To prevent spurious cell wall cleavage that can lead to cell lysis, amidases like AmiB are autoinhibited by a regulatory helix. Autoinhibition is relieved at the division site by the activator EnvC, which is in turn regulated by the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter-like complex called FtsEX. EnvC is also known to be autoinhibited by a regulatory helix (RH), but how its activity is modulated by FtsEX and the mechanism by which it activates the amidases have remained unclear. Here, we investigated this regulation by determining the structure of Pseudomonas aeruginosa FtsEX alone with or without bound ATP, in complex with EnvC, and in a FtsEX-EnvC-AmiB supercomplex. In combination with biochemical studies, the structures reveal that ATP binding is likely to activate FtsEX-EnvC and promote its association with AmiB. Furthermore, the AmiB activation mechanism is shown to involve a RH rearrangement. In the activated state of the complex, the inhibitory helix of EnvC is released, freeing it to associate with the RH of AmiB, which liberates its active site for PG cleavage. These regulatory helices are found in many EnvC proteins and amidases throughout gram-negative bacteria, suggesting that the activation mechanism is broadly conserved and a potential target for lysis-inducing antibiotics that misregulate the complex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cas12a is a programmable nuclease for adaptive immunity against invading nucleic acids in CRISPR–Cas systems. Here, we report the crystal structures of apo Cas12a from Lachnospiraceae bacterium MA2020 (Lb2) and the Lb2Cas12a+crRNA complex, as well as the cryo-EM structure and functional studies of the Lb2Cas12a+crRNA+DNA complex. We demonstrate that apo Lb2Cas12a assumes a unique, elongated conformation, whereas the Lb2Cas12a+crRNA binary complex exhibits a compact conformation that subsequently rearranges to a semi-open conformation in the Lb2Cas12a+crRNA+DNA ternary complex. Notably, in solution, apo Lb2Cas12a is dynamic and can exist in both elongated and compact forms. Residues from Met493 to Leu523 of the WED domain undergo major conformational changes to facilitate the required structural rearrangements. The REC lobe of Lb2Cas12a rotates 103° concomitant with rearrangement of the hinge region close to the WED and RuvC II domains to position the RNA–DNA duplex near the catalytic site. Our findings provide insight into crRNA recognition and the mechanism of target DNA cleavage. CRISPR‒Cas is an adaptive immune system against invading nucleic acids. In this study, the structures of apo Cas12a, Cas12a-crRNA and Cas12a-crRNA-DNA reveal Cas12a's unique elongated form, its mechanism of crRNA binding and the conformational dynamics required to target its substrate DNA for cleavage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a new type of lightweight structure, metallic lattice structure has higher stiffness and strength to weight ratio. To freely obtain 316L lattice structures with designed cell structure and adjustable porosity, additive manufacturing combined with investment casting was conducted to fabricate the 316L lattice structures with Kelvin cell. The compression simulation of 316L lattice structures with different porosities was carried out by using the finite element method. The numerical simulation results were verified by compression experiment, and the simulated results were consistent with the compression tests. The compressive mechanical properties of 316L lattice structures are directly related to porosity and independent of strut diameters. The 316L lattice structures with Kelvin cell have a smooth stress-strain curve and obvious plastic platform, and the hump stress-strain curves are avoided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the efficacy of capreomycin adjuvant therapy for multidrug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and its effect on quality of life and immune function. Methods Eighty-eight elderly pulmonary tuberculosis patients admitted to Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University from October 2019 to October 2020 were selected and divided into two groups according to the random number table method. The control group (n=44) used 4-6Am-Mfx (Lfx) -Pto- Cfz-Z-Hhigh-dose-E/5 Mfx(Lfx)-Cfz-Z-E, the research group (n=44) used capreomycin on the basis of the control group. The 6- Minute Walk Test (6MWT) measured value / predicted value and quality of life [36-Item Short Form Health Survey Questionnaire (SF-36)] scores, safety evaluation results, chest CT cavity and lesion absorption rate and sputum culture turned negative were compared between the two groups, and the serum procalcitonin (PCT) expression levels and immune function were detected before and after treatment. Results The 6MWT measured value/predicted value of the research group and control group before the treatment were (0.48±0.11) and (0.64±0.13), which were significantly higher than corresponding (0.51± 0.12) and (0.58±0.14) after treatment (t=6.23, 2.520, P<0.05), the measured/expected value of 6MWT increased in both groups after treatment. Compared with the same group before treatment, the SF-36 scores for each dimension increased in both groups after treatment (P<0.01). The expression levels of serum PCT in the research group and control group before the treatment were (0.37±0.09) ng/mL and (0.12±0.03) ng/mL versus (0.36±0.11) ng/mL and (0.21±0.06) ng/mL after treatment (t=17.480, 7.940, P <0.01). Compared with the same group before treatment, serum PCT expression levels decreased in both groups after treatment. Compared with the same group before treatment, CD3+, CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ were elevated in both groups after treatment (P<0.05 or P<0.01); after treatment, CD3+, CD4+, and CD4+/CD8+ were significantly higher in research group compared to the control group (t=4.21, 8.02, 2.04, P<0.05). The absorption rate of chest CT cavity and lesions and negative rate of sputum culture in the research group were 88.64% (39/44) and 81.82% (36/44), which were significantly higher than corresponding 63.64% (28/44) and 61.36% (27/44) in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusions Capreomycin can improve the quality of life of MDR-TB patients, extend the 6-minute walking distance, and regulate serum PCT expression levels and immune function, to promote the absorption of chest CT cavity and lesions, and sputum culture to turn negative, and the security is acceptable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Epidemiological studies have revealed a link between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and hidradenitis suppurativa (HS). To determine whether IBD and HS are causally related, we used the Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. Methods: A two-sample MR was performed using an analysis of 12,882 patients and 21,770 controls with IBD and its main subtypes, ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD). A total of 409 cases and 211,139 controls without hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) were included in the data for this condition from various GWAS investigations. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) are used to estimate causal effects. Results: The study assessed the causal relationship between HS and IBD in both directions. The risk of HS was increased by IBD (IVW OR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.20-1.49, p = 2.15E-07) and, in addition, HS was affected by UC (IVW OR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.13-1.43, p = 8.97E-04) and CD (IVW OR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.08-1.29, p = 4.15E-04). However, there was no evidence of a causal relationship between HS and IBD or its subtypes (IBD IVW OR = 1.00, 95% CI = 0.96-1.05, p = 0.85; UC IVW OR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.95-1.03, p = 0.65; CD IVW OR = 1.03, 95% CI = 0.98- 1.07, p = 0.28). Conclusion: This study demonstrates that IBD and its subtypes have a causal effect on HS, whereas HS does not affect IBD. Gut-skin axis interactions may help to understand this association. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to clarify the pathophysiology of the causal relationship between IBD and HS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Strong ultraviolet radiation and low temperature environment on Gangshika Mountain, located in the eastern part of the Qilian Mountains in Qinghai Province, can force plants to produce some special secondary metabolites for resisting severe environmental stress. However, the adaptive mechanism of Draba oreades Schrenk at high altitude are still unclear. In the current study, Draba oreades Schrenk from the Gangshika Mountain at altitudes of 3800 m, 4000 m and 4200 m were collected for comprehensive metabolic evaluation using pseudotargeted metabolomics method. Through KEGG pathway enrichment analysis, we found that phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis and phenylalanine metabolism related to the biosynthesis of flavonoids were up-regulated in the high-altitude group, which may enhance the environmental adaptability to strong ultraviolet intensity and low temperature stress in high altitude areas. By TopFc20 distribution diagram, the content of flavonoids gradually increased with the elevation of altitude, mainly including apigenin, luteolin, quercetin, hesperidin, kaempferol and their derivatives. Based on the random forest model, 10 important metabolites were identified as potential biomarkers. Lphenylalanine, L-histidine, naringenin-7-O-Rutinoside-4’-O-glucoside and apigenin related to the flavonoids biosynthesis and plant disease resistance were increased with the elevation of altitude. This study provided important insights for the adaptive mechanism of Draba oreades Schrenk at high altitude by pseudotargeted metabolomics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Chronic pain is often accompanied by emotional dysfunction. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been used for reducing pain, depressive and anxiety symptoms in chronic pain patients, but its therapeutic effect remains unknown. Objectives: To ascertain the treatment effect of tDCS on pain, depression, and anxiety symptoms of patients suffering from chronic pain, and potential factors that modulate the effectiveness of tDCS. Methods: Literature search was performed on PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library from inception to July 2022. Randomized controlled trials that reported the effects of tDCS on pain and depression and anxiety symptoms in patients with chronic pain were included. Results: Twenty-two studies were included in this review. Overall pooled results indicated that the use of tDCS can effectively alleviate short-term pain intensity [standard mean difference (SMD): -0.43, 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.75 to -0.12, P = 0.007] and depressive symptoms (SMD: -0.31, 95% CI, -0.47 to -0.14, P < 0.001), middle-term depressive symptoms (SMD: -0.35, 95%CI:-0.58 to -0.11, P=0.004), long-term depressive symptoms (ES:-0.38, 95% CI: -0.64 to -0.13, P = 0.003) and anxiety symptoms (SMD: -0.26, 95% CI: -0.51 to -0.02, P = 0.03) compared with the control group. Conclusion: tDCS may be an effective short-term treatment for the improvement of pain intensity and concomitant depression and anxiety symptoms in chronic pain patients. Stimulation site, stimulation frequency, and type of chronic pain were significant influence factors for the therapeutic effect of tDCS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer type for females and has the highest relative number of suicide cases among female-specific cancers. This study aimed to demonstrate suicide rates and changing trends and to identify risk factors for suicide among female breast cancer survivors. Methods: Data were derived from the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results database for women diagnosed with breast cancer from 2000 to 2017. Mortality rate and standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were calculated to describe the incidence rate and trend of suicide among female breast cancer survivors. Gray’s test and cumulative incidence function (CIF) curves were used to assess difference of cumulative suicide incidence in subgroups. Multivariate Fine-Gray competing risk model was used to identify risk factors for individual survivors and nomogram model was used to estimate the probability of suicide. Result: There were 414 suicide cases among 638,547 female breast cancer survivors observed for 5,079,194 person-years, and the suicide rate and SMRs gradually increased with the year of diagnosis. Female breast cancer survivors had a higher risk of suicide than the general population (SMR = 1.19; 95% CI (1.08–1.31)). Based on the result of Fine-Gray competing risk models, age group (50-70 vs <50: HR=0.65, 95% CI:0.52-0.80; >70 vs <50: HR=0.22, 95% CI:0.15-0.32), race/ethnicity (black vs white: HR= 0.20, 95% CI: 0.11-0.36; other race vs white: HR= 0.67, 95% CI: 0.46-0.97), marital status (separated vs married: HR= 1.50, 95% CI: 1.16-1.94; single vs married: HR= 1.70, 95% CI: 1.31-2.20), stage (distant vs regional: HR= 0.30, 95% CI: 0.14-0.63), radiotherapy (Yes vs No/Unknown: HR= 0.62, 95% CI: 0.49-0.77), and molecular subtypes (HER-2 vs Luminal B (HR= 2.53, 95% CI: 1.10-5.82), TNBC vs Luminal B (HR= 2.11, 95% CI: 1.01-4.42)) were independent predictors of suicide among female breast cancer patients. A nomogram was constructed to predict the suicide probability for individual survivors with a C-index of 0.62 (95%CI: 0.59-0.66). Conclusion: Female breast cancer survivors with younger age (less than 50 years old), white race, unmarried status, regional stage, HER-2 or TNBC subtype, and no radiotherapy performed were more likely to commit suicide. The clinicians and family members should pay more attention to patients with high risk factors of suicide to decrease the mortality rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The White Tiger Hall conference, held in the fourth year (79 c.e.) of the Jianchu 建初 reign in the Eastern Han, was a significant event in both politics and classical learning during and after that time. As the summary of the conference, composed after its conclusion, the Baihu tong 白虎通 is the main resource for investigating the details of this conference. Clarifying the formation process of the Baihu tong is helpful to elicit information regarding the White Tiger Hall conference from the findings recorded in its text. By tracing the history of the court conferences as an administrative institution and considering the particular nature of manuscript compilation, textual genre formats, and literary circulation during the Han, this paper suggests that the Baihu yizou 白虎議奏 referred to in the sources represents the compilation of the positions of the different debaters during the conference by Chunyu Gong 淳于恭 that was eventually sent to Emperor Zhang 章帝 for his approval; the Baihu tongde lun 白虎通德論 would be the corpus of the final rulings that had already been compiled before the conference ended and then edited by Ban Gu 班固. Later, the Emperor instructed his archivists to compose the Baihu tong by condensing the Baihu tongde lun. According to its formation process, the Baihu tong is the work of a collection of experts, rather than a compilation by a single person. Evidence shows that, although Emperor Zhang could weigh in on the court discussions (chengzhi linjue 稱制臨決), he could not ignore the consensus, nor could he simply mandate that the conference participants agree with him. In this regard, the Baihu tong cannot be considered a synthesis of the court's findings, establishing a single court ideology. Rather, it is best to see the text we have now as evidence of vigorous debates among the conference participants, including the Emperor himself and a range of other officials. In conclusion, the best way to uncover the facts about the White Tiger Hall conference via the Baihu tong is to reverse the process of textual formation, to glean information about the probable historical basis for the disputes recorded in the text. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Intercellular communication mediated by ligand-receptor interactions in tumor microenvironment (TME) has a profound impact on tumor progression. This study aimed to explore the molecular subtypes mediated by ligand-receptor (LR) pairs in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), identify the most important LR pairs to construct a prognostic risk model, and study their effect on TNBC immunotherapy. Methods: LR pairs subclasses of TNBC were categorized by consensus clustering based on LR Pairs in METABRIC dataset. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression and stepwise Akaike information criterion (stepAIC) were conducted to build a LR pairs score model. The relationship between LR pairs score and immune cell infiltration, stromal score and immune score associated with TME was analyzed, and the prediction of drug therapy and immunotherapy efficacy by LR pairs score was evaluated. Results: According to the expression pattern of 145 TNBC prognostic LR pairs, the samples were divided into three subclasses with different survival outcomes, copy number variation (CNV), TME immune cell infiltration, stromal score and immune score. The LR pairs score model constructed in the METABRIC dataset was composed of four LR pairs, and its predictive significance for TNBC prognosis was verified in GSE58812 and GSE21653 cohorts. In addition, LR pairs score was negatively correlated with several immune pathways regulating immunity and immune score, and related to the sensitivity of anti-neoplastic drugs and the effect of anti-PD-L1 therapy. Conclusion: Our study confirmed the impact of LR pairs on the molecular heterogeneity of TNBC, characterized three LR pairs subtypes with different survival outcomes and TME patterns, and proposed a LR pairs score system with predictive significance for TNBC prognosis and anti-PD-L1 therapeutic effect, which provides a potential evaluation scheme for TNBC management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study investigated the impact of coronary angiography on outcomes of emergency operation in acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) patients who were initially misdiagnosed as an acute coronary syndrome.Methods: From October 2016 to April 2019, 129 patients underwent emergency operation for ATAAD in our institution, including 21 patients (16.3%, coronary angiography group) who received preoperative coronary angiography without knowledge of the ATAAD, and the rest 108 did not (Non-coronary angiography group). Preoperative clinical characteristics, 30-day mortality and postoperative complications were compared. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to confirm the independent prognostic factors for short-term and long-term outcomes.Results: Patients undergoing coronary angiography had higher prevalence of preoperative hypotension or shock (61.9% vs 35.2%, P = 0.022), ischemic changes on electrocardiogram (66.7% vs 37.0%, P = 0.012), platelet inhibition (ADP-induced inhibition 92.0% vs 46.0%, P = 0.001), and coronary involvement (66.7% vs 30.6%, P = 0.002). 30-day mortality was 4.8% versus 9.3% (P = 0.84). Coronary angiography group had more intraoperative bleeding (1900 ml vs 1500 ml, P = 0.013) and chest-tube drainage on the first postoperative day (1040 ml vs 595 ml, P = 0.028). However, preoperative coronary angiography was not independent risk factors for 30-day mortality (OR 0.171, 95%CI 0.013-2.174, P = 0.173) and overall survival (HR 0.407; 95%CI 0.080-2.057; P = 0.277).Conclusion: Patients undergoing coronary angiography carried a higher risk of preoperative hemodynamic instability, myocardial ischemia, and perioperative bleeding. However, unintentional coronary angiography did not have a significant impact on short-term and long-term outcomes of emergency surgery in ATAAD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Globally, several generations of doctors in the field of lymphedema have created numerous publications. To date, no bibliometric analysis has been performed specifically on these publications. For the further promotion of research on lymphedema and to align with the international research frontiers, it is essential to understand the current state of Lymphedema research output. Objective: This study aims to statistically and visually analyze the characteristics of publications output, distribution of contributions and development process of lymphedema, enriching the knowledge base of Lymphedema, and then seek potential research topics and collaborators. Methods: Based on the Web of Science core collection database, we firstly analyzed the quantity and quality of publications in the field of lymphedema, secondly profiled the publishing groups in terms of country, institution, author’s publication and cooperation network, and finally sorted out and summarized the hot topics of research. Results: A total of 8569 papers were retrieved from 1900-2021. The top4 journals with the most publications were LYMPHOLOGY, LYMPHATIC RESEARCH AND BIOLOGY, PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY and ANNALS OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY. The top 4 countries with the most publications were USA, Japan, UK, and China. The United States dominates the total number of publications and the international cooperation network. The most productive research institution is Harvard University, and the research institution with the most collaborating institutions is Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. Mortimer, Peter S contributes the most research in this field. The research achievements of Japanese scholars in this field are of great significance. The top 5 ranked keywords are “Breast Cancer”, “Health-Related Quality Of Life”, “Lymphscintigraphy”, “Lymphovenous Anastomosis”, and “Lymphangiogenesis”.Conclusion: More and more scholars are devoted to the research of cancerrelated Lymphedema. It is foreseeable that breast cancer-related lymphedema and lymphangiogenesis will remain a focus of future research. Advances in Lymphatic vessel imaging and the development of lymphatic microsurgery will further play a role in the clinical workup of lymphedema. Meanwhile, This study can help researchers identify potential collaborators and partner institutions and contribute to further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The effect of Qingguangan? on the transcription of RhoA mRNA, ROCK mRNA, Caspase-3 mRNA and Bcl-2 mRNA in the retina of DBA / 2J mice was observed. Methods: Forty-eight DBA/2J mice were randomly divided into six groups: model groups, Qingguangan II decoction group, low concentration, medium concentration and high concentration group of Qingguangan II effective ingredient and positive control group (Yimaikang tablet group), and eight C57BL / 6 mice were used as blank group, DBA/2J mice were fed until 38 weeks before forming a glaucoma model, The transcription of RhoA mRNA, ROCK mRNA, Caspase-3 mRNA and Bcl-2 mRNA in the retinal of DBA/2J mice was detected using real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (Quantitative Real-time PCR) after 4 weeks of intervention. Results: Four weeks after the intervention, In the transcription of the RhoA mRNA, ROCK mRNA and the Caspase-3 mRNA, Compared to the blank groups, Relative expression was increased in the other 6 groups, There are statistical differences in the model group, Yimaikang tablet group and low concentration group (P<0.05); In comparison to the model groups, The other 6 groups were lower than the model group, Among them, there are statistical differences between the effective groups of Qingguangan II decoction and high concentration group of Qingguangan II effective ingredient in RhoA mRNA transcription (P<0.05); In the transcription of the ROCK mRNA and the Caspase-3 mRNA, Statistics have differences between the model group and the effective component of the medium and high concentration group (P<0.05); In the Bcl-2 mRNA transcription, Compare them to blank groups, Relexpression expression decreased in the other 6 groups, Statistics have differences between model group, Qingguangan II decoction group and low concentration groups (P<0.05); The relative expression of Bcl-2 mRNA in high concentration group of effective component is higher than that of the model group, There are differences in statistics (P<0.05). Conclusion: The high concentration of Qingguangan? prescription probably attenuated Caspase-3 transcription in retinal ganglion cells by inhibiting the Rho / ROCK signaling pathway and activated Bcl-2 expression by inhibiting ROCK signaling, which attenuated apoptosis in retinal ganglion cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tight sandstone reservoirs dominated by are developed in the Chang 6 oil layer group of the Yanchang Formation in the central-western part of the Ordos Basin. Featuring the lacustrine delta facies, Chang 6 formation in the center-west area of Ordos Basin shows an increasing petroleum reserve expectation. Its exploitation practice, however, has many problems caused by tight sandstone reservoir features. According to diagenetic and pore analysis, the diagenetic facies in the study area are grouped into four types: chlorite-film-intergranular-pore, feldspar-dissolution, clay-cemented-micropore, carbonate-cemented-tightness for their obvious differences in mineral feature and pore evolution. By introducing the comprehensive classification parameter synthesized from 9 other parameters, the reservoir quality is divided up into four levels: I(Feci > 1), II(3 ≤ Feci ≤ 7), III(-2 ≤ Feci ≤ 3), IV(Feci ≤ -2). The reservoir quality division matches well with the diagenetic facies group. To decide the diagenetic type and reservoir quality division in all wells, the logging data are utilized with the Fisher discriminant method, which has obtained a good performance. The method enables the reservoir quality analysis expanding to all wells from samples, which is helpful for exploitation of the study area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A holistic use of lignocellulosic biomass by converting lignin to high-value products and cellulose and hemi-celluloses to biofuel will greatly enhance the economic viability of a biorefinery. In this study, a three-dimensional, interconnected carbon/silicon composite was synthesized from silicon nanoparticles (Si NPs) with either deep eutectic solvent (DES) or alkaline pretreatment-extracted lignin from endocarp biomass. The endocarp lignin derived composite electrodes exhibited superior electrochemical performance in a half-coin cell lithium-ion battery setup. DES lignin derived C/Si NPs composite reached a discharging capacity of 1563 mAh g-1; while alkaline lignin derived C/Si NPs composite reaching a discharging capacity of 1605 mAh g-1 at a current density of 0.72 A g-1. Despite the comparable electrochemical performance, DES pretreatment led to a higher overall sugar yield from the liquid streams after pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis. This study demonstrates the utilization of endocarp lignin in electrochemical energy storage applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To demonstrate the advantage of our newly designed magnetic ureteric stenting retrieval device over traditional nonmagnetic ureteric stents and other retrieval devices without cystoscopy intervention on clinical application and cost-related outcomes. Patients and Methods. A total of 333 patients were recruited into two study groups: magnetic-end ureteral stent (Group A) and conventional ureteral stent (Group B). The effects were evaluated by Ureteral Stent Symptom Questionnaire (USSQ) scores, complications of the indwelling stent, visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores at stent removal, and cost-analysis outcomes between the magnetic ureteric stenting retrieval device and traditional double-J ureteral stent (DJUS) removed by cystoscopy. Results. The VAS of the pain score of patients undergoing magnetic stent removal with the retrieval device was 2 ± 0.97, whereas that of patients undergoing conventional ureteral stent removal with cystoscopy was 5.76 ± 1.53 (p < 0.001). The removal of magnetic stents by a retrieval device proved to be less painful than cystoscopy-mediated stent removal (p < 0.001). Obviously, the total cost for the magnetic stent removal was much lower than the conventional ureteral stent removal, although the magnetic stent costs more than the conventional ureteral stent. Theimproved magnetic stent used in our study showed a remarkable cost saving of 705/111 USD Chinese Yuan (CNY) per patient when compared with the conventional ureteral stent. Conclusion. We reported the integrated design features of the improved magnetic stent in the world, which was granted a patent in China. USSQ scores and rate of complications in the magnetic stent were as equally acceptable as a conventional stent. Furthermore, successful stent insertion rate reached 100% by both the antegrade and retrograde approaches, and no failure case of magnetic stent removal was reported in our study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, Ghabries-Abbas-Mourad log-majorization is generalized in two different cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Chang 7 oil group in the Ordos Basin has the characteristics of a tight lithology, a low formation pressure coefficient and strong reservoir heterogeneity. To better determine reasonable developmental technical countermeasures, oiliness, seepage capacity, and compressibility evaluations are combined. Using a combination of field practice and laboratory experiments, six types of sweetness classification evaluation parameters are screened: oil saturation, longitudinal oil layer structure coefficient, average pore throat radius, gas-oil ratio, brittleness index, and minimum horizontal principal stress. By combining the relationships among variables with the initial production from directional wells, the gray correlation method is used to quantify the weights of the contributions of evaluation parameters to production. On this basis, using the difference method for the curve slope, a sweetness evaluation and classification method for the Chang 7 oil group is constructed, and it solves the difficult problem of quality difference classification for the Chang 7 oil group and provides a reference basis for the optimal design of well patterns and fracturing reconstruction parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accelerated senescence is triggered by key mediators of arrhythmogenic substrates and contributes to atrial fibrillation (AF). We sought to understand senescence in AF and the extent to which it aggravates the AF process. Twenty-six AF patients undergoing open-heart surgery were included, and 12 patients with sinus rhythm served as controls. Another cohort included 120 consecutive persistent AF patients with valvular heart diseases. HL-1 atrial myocytes were tachypaced (TP) to simulate experimental AF. Compared with sinus rhythm, left atrial appendages (LAAs) with AF presented a significantly increased positive area of cellular senescence, with upregulated expression of p16, p21 and p53. Next, p21 mRNA was increased in patients with AF recurrence compared with that in patients without recurrence. In multivariate analysis, p21 (OR: 2.97; 95% CI: 1.65-5.34; P<0.001) was a significant independent predictor of AF early recurrence. Interestingly, TP induced HL-1 atrial myocyte senescence in vitro, accompanied by a marked increase in the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) and altered the expression of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)-related proteins. Suppression of p21 by siRNA reduced TP induced cell senescence and IL-1ß, IL-6 elevation, and partly changed SR-related proteins expression. Moreover, we show that the level of H2AX, a marker of DNA damage, was higher in AF patients than in sinus rhythm controls. Similarly, an increase in H2AX levels was observed following TP. AF underlies cardiomyocyte senescence and contributes to deleterious atrial remodeling during disease progression. This finding may help facilitate the search for new therapeutic approaches for antiaging therapy for AF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lignin is an abundant biopolymer and a promising source of feedstock for high-value chemicals and materials. This study aims to characterize the lignin-rich endocarp biomass and identify features of this unique feedstock that are relevant to feedstock preprocessing and logistics. The chemical composition and cellular structure of walnut and peach endocarps were characterized using HPLC and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging. Mechanical properties of the endocarps were investigated using nanoindentation. Mechanical tests revealed hardness values of up to 0.48 and 0.40 GPa for walnut and peach endocarps, respectively. With screen sizes of 1 and 2 mm, the specific energy consumption was 9.21 and 1.86 MJ kg-1 for walnut and 12.6 and 2.72 MJ kg-1 for peach, respectively, as determined using a knife mill. Milling energy consumption was correlated to screen size, lignin content, bulk density, and mechanical properties. This study provides critical information on feedstock supply logistics necessary to implement a novel feedstock in biorefineries and evaluate the economic feasibility for coproduction of biofuels and lignin-derived products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Linear ac transport properties are investigated in a graphene semiconducting nanosystem, with the effect of normal-metal electrodes taken into account. We use a tight-binding approach and ac transport theory to study the dc conductance and ac emittance in normal-metal/graphene (NG) and normal-metal/graphene/normal-metal (NGN) systems with armchair-edge graphene. We find that the resonant and semiconducting behaviors in NG and NGN systems are closely related to the spatial-resolved local density of states. Furthermore, features of the size-dependent emittances in the NGN system are investigated. The results suggest a positive correlation between the width and capacitive response, and the capacitive response is robust as the size of the system increases proportionally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the effect of tenofovir alafenamide versus tenofovir disoproxil fumarate on antiviral efficacy in patients with hepatitis B virus infection. Methods: Randomized controlled trials were searched on CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, China Biomedical Literature Database, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, ClinicalKey, Chinese Clinical Trial Registry and ClinicalTrials.gov from the date of inception to April 2020. The literature was screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and the efficacy evaluation index of the included RCT was set as the success rate of reaching the endpoint of viral suppression and achieving normalized ALT values at 48 weeks of treatment. Intentionality analysis was adopted and the analysis results were taken as the final conclusion. RevMan 5.3 software was used for this Meta-analysis. Meanwhile, VassarStats was used to evaluate the non-inferiority of TAF and calculate the difference of virus inhibition efficiency rate and 95% confidence interval between experimental group and the control group of each RCT. Results: After the literature search, 411 potential articles were found, 5 studies were finally included according to the criteria, and 2,120 patients were included. Intentionality analysis showed that TAF regimen and TDF regimen had similar viral suppression success rates (RR = 0.97, 95%CI: 0.94 ~ 1.01, P = 0.19). The ALT normalization rate in the TAF treatment group was higher than that in the TDF treatment group, and the difference was statistically significant (RR = 1.35, 95%CI: 1.20-1.53, P < 0.00001). The non-inferiority margin was set at 10%, and it was found that three RCT studies in the international multi-center all showed that TAF was not inferior to TDF in controlling HBV viral load, while two RCT studies in mainland China failed to achieve non-inferiority after calculation. Conclusions: At 48 weeks of treatment, TAF was similar to TDF in controlling HBV viral load. However, the efficacy of TAF in controlling HBV viral load may vary among different populations, which requires further confirmation by more clinical trial evidence. Based on AASLD criteria, the ALT normalization rate of the TAF group was higher than that of the TDF group at 48 weeks of treatment, showing an obvious advantage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Apigenin (API), a natural plant flavone, is abundantly found in common fruits and vegetables. As a bioactive flavonoid, API exhibits several activities including antiproliferation and anti-inflammation. A recent study showed that API could retard osteoporosis progress, indicating its role in the skeletal system. However, the detailed function and mechanism remain obscure. In the present study, API was found to promote osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). And further investigation showed that API could enhance the expression of the critical transcription factor β-catenin and several downstream target genes of Wnt signaling, thus activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Using a rat femoral fracture model, API was found to improve new bone formation and accelerate fracture healing in vivo. In conclusion, our data demonstrated that API could promote osteogenesis in vitro and facilitate the fracture healing in vivo via activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling, indicating that API may be a promising therapeutic candidate for bone fracture repair. NEW & NOTEWORTHY 1) API promoted osteogenic differentiation of human MSCs in vitro; 2) API facilitated bone formation and accelerated fracture healing in vivo; 3) API stimulated Wnt/β-catenin signaling during osteogenesis of human MSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel highly active fluorescence chemical sensor (TBI) for CN− was synthesized based on triphenylamine–benzothiazole as a new fluorophore, and was used for the first time as a fluorophore for detection of CN−. Fluorescence quantum yield of the probe clearly increased when using triphenylamine–benzothiazole as the group. The probe possessed good selectivity towards CN− and had anti‐interference ability over common ions. After adding CN−, the UV–visible spectrum of TBI changed clearly and underwent a dramatic colour change from red to colourless, which could be observed clearly by the naked eye. The limit of detection for CN− was calculated to be 2.62 × 10−8 M, which was well below the WHO cut‐off point of 1.9 μM. The novel probe displayed fast sensing of CN−. The detection mechanism was a nucleophilic addition reaction between CN− and a carbon atom –C = N– in indole salt. The π‐conjugation and intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) transition in the TBI molecule were destroyed by this addition, which resulted in a change of fluorescence before and after the addition of CN−. The mechanism was verified using theoretical calculation, 1H NMR titration, and mass spectra. In addition, the probe showed low cytotoxicity and could be used for biological imaging in HeLa cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]