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On the basis of the Boltzmann equation, the authors propose a model that includes scattering from both film surfaces and grain boundaries, and have studied the quasiclassical electrical transport in metallic films. The in-plane electric conductivity of metallic films is obtained, and the theoretical results are shown to be in good agreement with experimental data. We also give the relation between temperature coefficient of resistivity and thickness of metallic films and make a comparison with experiment. © 2004 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A slanted columnar TiO2 sculptured anisotropic thin film (ATF) is prepared via the glancing angle deposition technique and used as the phase retardation plate. The tilted nanocolumn microstructures of thin film induce the optical anisotropy. With the biaxial birefringent model, the optical constants dispersion equations of TiO2 ATF are derived by fitting the transmittance spectra for s- and p-polarized waves measured at normal and oblique incidence within 400 nm–1200 nm. The phase shift of polarized light after reflection and/or transmission through the TiO2 ATF is analyzed with the characteristic matrix employing the extracted structure parameters. The theoretical studies reasonably well accord with the experimental results measured with spectroscopic ellipsometry. In addition, the dependences of the phase shift on the coating physical thickness and oblique incidence angle are also discussed. Birefringence of the biaxial ATF provides a sophisticated phase modulation by varying incidence angles over a broad range to have a wide-angle phase shift. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the theoretical analysis of biaxial birefringent thin films with characteristic matrix method, we investigate the phase shift on transmission of a tilted columnar biaxial film at normal and oblique incidence over 300-1200nm for s- and p-polarized waves. Compared with the simplified calculation method, the interference effects of the birefringent thin film are considered to yield more accurate results. The quarter wavelength phase shift calculated with the characteristic matrix method is consistent with that monitored with in situ measurement by two-angle ellipsometry, which validates our complied program for the calculation of the phase shift of the biaxial anisotropic thin film. Furthermore, the characteristic matrix method can be easily used to obtain continuous adjustable phase retardation at oblique incidence, whereas the simplified calculation method is valid for the case of normal incidence. A greater generality and superiority of the characteristic matrix method is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The multilayer (ML) YSZ/SiO2 films with different modulation ratios ranging from 1:3, 4:9, 1:1 to 3:1 (the thickness ratio of the YSZ to SiO2) are deposited on BK7 glass substrates by electron beam evaporation under the same processing conditions. The effect of modulation ratio on the residual stresses and structure are investigated by an optical interferometer and Grazing incidence x-ray diffraction. The results show that the total residual stress in MLs is compressive and decreases to tensile when the modulation ratio is changed from 1:3 to 3:1. The YSZ films are of cubic phase structure and the SiO2 films are amorphous in all the MLs. The change of residual stress in these MLs can be attributed to the variation of an individual layer?s stress with thickness, which indicates that adjusting the thickness ratio of two materials is an effective measure for depositing near-zero stress MLs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The design, fabrication and performance of narrow-band rugate minus filters are investigated in this paper. A method of fabricating graded-index coatings by rapidly alternating deposition of low (SiO2) and high (Al2O3) refractive index materials is presented to fabricate a rugate structure. The narrow-band rugate minus filter design and fabrication approaches are discussed in detail. The experimental results, including transmittance spectrum, surface damage test and damage morphology investigated with a scanning electron microscope, demonstrate the high performance of the as-fabricated spatial filter and confirm the feasibility of the fabrication method for narrow-band rugate minus filters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]