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Brake pads are vital parts of automobiles, where tribological properties are prime concern. Usually, asbestos brake pads were used, which were replaced by copper-based in later years. As brake lining materials have evolved, synthetic friction composites were explored as alternatives. Recent works suggest that, natural composites are promising friction material. However, poor thermal conductivity and frictional stability have limited their applications. Surface treatment of fibers and addition of secondary fillers have improved their possibilities. Thus, hybridization of reinforcements has expanded their range of applications. The present article attempts to review various aspects of brake pads and their testing with attention on natural composites. Their properties were studied to conform their ability to meet desired requirements. The article reviews the studies conducted in recent years on various materials properties related to brake pads. The future potential of natural components in the development of friction composite materials for automotive applications is highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present work, dry sliding wear behavior of Aluminum-based composite reinforced with hard ceramics like Silicon carbide particle (SiCp) and graphite (Gr) was studied. SiCp reinforcement impart high strength, wear resistance and more significant coefficient of friction to aluminum. While, Gr plays role of solid lubricant in reduction of wear in addition to SiCp. The Al/SiCp-Gr hybrid composite material was processed through stir-casting technique. The Taguchi's L27 orthogonal array was used for the plan of experiments to investigate the influence of parameters on the wear behavior of material. The percentage of reinforcement, sliding velocity, applied load and sliding distance were considered as wear parameters. ANOVA analysis revealed that load was major contributing parameter, followed by sliding distance and reinforcement. The regression model was developed to correlate wear parameters with the wear volume loss. Antlion algorithm (ALO) was utilized as an optimization tool to achieve optimal parameters combination to yield a minimum wear volume loss. The ALO exhibited better performance compared to the Taguchi technique. Further, confirmation test was carried out for optimal parameter combinations, and comparison of ALO with experimental results was within an acceptable limit of 5.31% deviation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study presents the influence of SiCp incorporation on three-body abrasive wear behaviour of glass/epoxy composites. The investigation was carried out using dry sand rubber wheel abrasive wear test apparatus. 2k factorial design of experiments was used to capture the experimental data. The parameters considered are abrading distance, load and speed. The wear rate was found to increase with the increasing values of wear parameters. The applied load has exhibited significant effect on wear rate. Incorporation of SiCp contributed to enhance wear resistance of glass/epoxy composites. The linear regression was also presented in the study to correlate abrasion parameters with wear rate. SEM image analysis of abraded surface revealed the occurrence of ploughing, micro-cutting, matrix removal and fiber breakage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An attempt was made in the present work to study the influence of machining parameters on wear of different types of cutting tools during turning of hardened die steel. Multilayer CVD (chemical vapor deposition) coated, uncoated and PVD (physical vapor deposition) coated ceramic inserts were employed. Response surface method and artificial neural network (ANN) models were employed to predict tool wear. The machining parameters considered in the study were feed rate, cutting speed, depth of cut and cutting time. Central composite design (CCD) technique was utilized to plan and carry out the trials in a systematic manner. The ANN and RSM (response surface methodology) models were developed. Models have exhibited higher degree of accuracy (R2 > 98.5% and MSE < 0.2%) ensuring better feasibility for prediction. ANOVA analysis revealed that cutting speed, cutting time, feed rate and depth of cut as individual were statistically significant influencing parameters on tool wear. Scanning electron microscope images have illustrated that multilayer coated cutting tool exhibited principal wear mechanisms such as abrasion, crater wear and edge chip-off. Cutting tools demonstrated adhesive wear at low machining parameters range and abrasive wear at greater machining parameter range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effect of filler material on three-body abrasive wear behaviour of Glass - Epoxy composites has been investigated. The abrading distance, applied load and sliding speed are the parameters used for the study. A L9 orthogonal array and ANOVA were used to identify the contribution of individual parameters. The result shows that the weight loss increases with increase in load, sliding speed and abrading distance. The abrading distance has more effect on the wear compared to other parameters. The filler material (SiC) contributes a significant wear resistance of the G-E composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]