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Background: This study aims to investigate the relationship between actual and virtual self, online game peer influence and internet gaming disorder using the Triadic Reciprocal Causation (TRC). By analyzing the variables, we want to provide a potential mechanism for internet gaming disorder(IGD). TRC is often applied to explain addictive behaviors in past. According to the theory, both environmental and cognitive factors are important determinants of behaviors. Literature indicated massively multiplayer online role playing games (MMORPGs) players appear to be more vulnerable to potentially problematic gaming compared to other types of online gamers. Players gain social needs and self-esteem by interacting with the peers online and manipulating the game avatar. Methods: The online survey will be released on social media platforms for gamers and game guilds. 350 of participants between 18 to 22 years old will be recruited. After informed consent, they will be assessed by the participants' personal information, IGD scale, self-esteem scale, avatar identification and online game peer influence scale. Then the information will be analyzed by statistical analysis system. Expected results: The present research hypothesizes that online game peer influence is a mediating factor of the relationship between cognitive factors, including actual and virtual self and IGD. Conclusions: Should the hypothesis be proven as true, the result of this study can expand on the topic of IGD and serve as a reference point for future research. With the added layer of insight that this study could bring, IGD should be more easily approached, predicted, and with mitigating mechanisms devised. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To examine the relationship between borderline personality symptoms and Internet addiction as well as the mediating role of mental health problems between them. Methods: A total of 500 college students from Taiwan were recruited and assessed for symptoms of Internet addiction using the Chen Internet Addiction Scale, borderline personality symptoms using the Taiwanese version of the Borderline Symptom List and mental health problems using four subscales from the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised Scale (interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, and hostility). Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test our hypothesis that borderline personality symptoms are associated with the severity of Internet addiction directly and also through the mediation of mental health problems. Results: SEM analysis revealed that all paths in the hypothesized model were significant, indicating that borderline personality symptoms were directly related to the severity of Internet addiction as well as indirectly related to the severity of Internet addiction by increasing the severity of mental health problems. Conclusion: Borderline personality symptoms and mental health problems should be taken into consideration when designing intervention programs for Internet addiction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nonoperative management (NOM) of blunt splenic injuries is widely accepted, and the use of splenic artery embolization (SAE) has become a valuable adjunct to NOM. We retrospectively review and discuss the complications derived from SAE. The medical records of 152 consecutive patients with blunt splenic trauma admitted to our trauma center during a 33-month period were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were managed according to an established algorithm. The record review focused on the method of patient management (operative versus nonoperative) and use of SAE. The complications encountered following SAE are discussed in detail. Altogether, 73 patients underwent emergency surgery (58 splenectomies, 15 splenorrhaphies), and 79 patients had NOM. Of the 79 patients with NOM, 58 were successfully treated; 2 patients required splenectomy after 24 hours. The remaining 21 patients had SAE, including 18 distal and 3 proximal embolizations. Major complications occurred in 28.5% of the SAE-treated patients and included total splenic infarction, splenic atrophy, and postprocedure bleeding. Minor complications occurred in 61.9% of the patients and included fever, pleural effusion, and partial splenic infarction. SAE is considered a valuable adjunct to NOM in the treatment of blunt splenic injuries; however, risks of major and minor complications do exist, and SAE should be offered with caution and followed up appropriately. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]