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Background: Kawasaki Disease (KD) is self-limited vasculitis, the main consequence of which may be involvement of the coronary arteries, especially in patients without treatment. It is estimated that coronary artery aneurysms occur in 15% to 25% of untreated children. Patients with coronary aneurysms may remain asymptomatic for years. The first symptom may be life-threatening sudden cardiac arrest or myocardial ischaemia. Methods: We report a case of a 17-year-old boy with an insignificant past medical history who presented with sudden cardiac arrest. Results: During diagnostics, channelopathies, structural heart defects, drug abuse, and myocardial infarction were excluded. The patient underwent coronary angiography, confirmed by CT angiogram of the coronary vessels, which revealed most likely ruptured, clotted, well-calcified aneurysm of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) with collateral circulation, probably a consequence of untreated Kawasaki disease in early childhood. Conclusions: Complications of KD should be considered in the differential diagnosis of sudden cardiac arrest, especially in a young person. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: This study investigates the correlation between 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT imaging and histopathological grading in treatment-naive prostate cancer patients. We retrospectively analyzed 86 patients who underwent 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT scans for prostate cancer staging, with a subset of 40 patients also undergoing radical prostatectomy. The PET/CT results, specifically SUVmax values, were compared with Gleason scores and PSA levels to assess their association with cancer grades. Results indicated a significant positive correlation between SUVmax and ISUP grades, suggesting that higher SUVmax values correspond to more advanced prostate cancer stages. Furthermore, the analysis of biopsy and radical prostatectomy pathology reports revealed a substantial rate of grading changes, underscoring the limitations of biopsy alone for accurate staging. These findings highlight the potential utility of 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT as a diagnostic tool in stratifying prostate cancer risk and guiding treatment decisions. Future studies are recommended to validate these observations and explore further applications of this imaging modality. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between 68Ga-PSMA uptake in PSMA PET/CT in primary prostate cancer (PC) and its histopathological grading (Gleason score and ISUP grade). Additionally, we compared preoperative biopsy histopathological findings with definitive pathology results in radical prostatectomy (RP) specimens. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 86 patients who underwent 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT for primary PC staging, of which 40 patients later underwent radical prostatectomy. PET/CT results, including SUVmax values, were correlated with GS and PSA concentrations. Histopathology reports were analyzed and compared between biopsy and final pathology results following RP. Results: A significant positive correlation was observed between SUVmax and ISUP grades (Pearson's ρ = 0.34, p < 0.001), with higher SUVmax values associated with more advanced grades. A cut-off SUVmax value of 5.64 was determined to predict upstaging in patients, yielding a sensitivity of 76% and a specificity of 60% (AUC = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.70–0.94). Additionally, 57.5% of patients experienced a grade shift following RP, with a 35% upgrade and 22.5% downgrade in ISUP grades. Conclusion: 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT demonstrated high sensitivity in detecting high-risk prostate cancer, particularly in patients with GS > 7 or PSA levels ≥ 10 ng/mL. The findings suggest that this imaging modality may be less effective for the staging of patients with lower GS or PSA values, that is, low-risk PCa. Further prospective studies are necessary to validate these results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Modern Science is the property of Alcide De Gasperi University of Euroregional Economy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Neuropsychiatric conditions represent a major medical and societal challenge. The etiology of these conditions is very complex and combines genetic and environmental factors. The latter, for example, excessive maternal or early postnatal inflammation, as well as various forms of psychotrauma, often act as triggers leading to mental illness after a prolonged latent period (sometimes years). Matrix metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP‐9) is an extracellularly and extrasynaptic operating protease that is markedly activated in response to the aforementioned environmental insults. MMP‐9 has also been shown to play a pivotal role in the plasticity of excitatory synapses, which, in its aberrant form, has repeatedly been implicated in the etiology of mental illness. In this conceptual review, we evaluate the experimental and clinical evidence supporting the claim that MMP‐9 is uniquely positioned to be considered a drug target for ameliorating the adverse effects of environmental insults on the development of a variety of neuropsychiatric conditions, such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depression, autism spectrum disorders, addiction, and epilepsy. We also identify specific challenges and bottlenecks hampering the translation of knowledge on MMP‐9 into new clinical treatments for the conditions above and suggest ways to overcome these barriers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and anti-cancer properties, as well as the mechanism of action of cyclo-[Pro-Pro-β3-HoPhe-Phe-] tetrapeptide (denoted as 4B8M), were recently described. The aim of this work was to synthesize and evaluate the immunosuppressive actions of the stereochemical variants of 4B8M by sequential substitution of L-amino acids by D-amino acids (a series of peptides denoted as P01–P07) using parent 4B8M as a reference compound. In addition, diverse available bioinformatics tools using machine learning and artificial intelligence were tested to find the bio-pharmacokinetic and polypharmacological attributes of analyzed stereomers. All peptides were non-toxic to human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and only cyclo-[D-Pro-Pro-β3-HoPhe-Phe-] peptide (P03) was capable of inhibiting mitogen-induced PBMC proliferation. The peptides inhibited the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) to various degrees, with P04 (cyclo-[Pro-Pro-D-β3-HoPhe-Phe-]) and P03 being the most potent. For further in vivo studies, P03 was selected because it had the combined properties of inhibiting cell proliferation and TNF-α production. P03 demonstrated a comparable ability to 4B8M in the inhibition of auricle edema and lymph node cell number and in the normalization of a distorted blood cell composition in contact sensitivity to the oxazolone mouse model. In the mouse model of carrageenan-induced inflammation of the air pouch, P03 exhibited a similar inhibition of the cell number in the air pouches as 4B8M, but its inhibitory effects on the percentage of neutrophils and eosinophils in the air pouches and blood, as well as on mastocyte degranulation in the air pouches, were stronger in comparison to 4B8M. Lastly, in a mouse model of dextran sulfate-induced colitis, similar effects to 4B8M regarding thymocyte number restoration and normalization of the blood cell pictures by P03 were observed. In summary, depending on either experimental findings or in silico predictions, P03 demonstrated comparable, or even better, anti-inflammatory and bio-pharmacokinetic properties to 4B8M and may be considered as a potential therapeutic. The possibility of P00 and P03 identification by circular dichroism measurements was tested by quantum-chemical calculations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of In Good Rhythm / W Dobrym Rytmie is the property of Biuro Edytorsko Uslugowe Danmar and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of In Good Rhythm / W Dobrym Rytmie is the property of Biuro Edytorsko Uslugowe Danmar and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background : Cryoballoon ablation is a well-established anatomical approach for pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Although widely adopted, regional variations in standards of care have not been well characterized. Methods: Patients with AF were enrolled in the Cryo Global Registry (NCT02752737) from May 2016 to Sept 2021 at 128 sites in 37 countries and treated with cryoballoon ablation according to local clinical practice. Baseline patient and procedural characteristics were summarized for 8 regions (Central Asia & Russia, East Asia, Europe, Middle East, North America, South Africa, South America, and Southeast Asia). Serious procedure-related adverse events (SAEs) were evaluated in a subset of patients with ≥ 7 days of follow-up. Results: A total of 3,680 patients undergoing initial PVI for AF were included. Cryoballoon ablation was commonly performed in patients with paroxysmal AF. Mean age ranged from 47 ± 12 years in the Middle East to 64 ± 11 years in East Asia. Mean procedure time was ≤ 95 min in all regions. Average freeze duration ranged from 153 ± 41 s in Southeast Asia to 230 ± 29 s in Central Asia & Russia. Acute procedural success was ≥ 94.7% in all geographies. In 3,126 subjects with ≥ 7 days of follow-up, 122 procedure-related SAEs were reported in 111 patients (3.6%) and remained low in all regions. One procedure-related death was reported during data collection. Conclusions: Despite regional variations in patient selection and procedural characteristics, PVI using cryoballoon ablation was performed with high acute success and short procedural times around the world. Clinical trial registration: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02752737 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of In Good Rhythm / W Dobrym Rytmie is the property of Biuro Edytorsko Uslugowe Danmar and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of In Good Rhythm / W Dobrym Rytmie is the property of Biuro Edytorsko Uslugowe Danmar and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Annals of Social Sciences / Roczniki Nauk Społecznych is the property of Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL & Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawla II and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Res Historica is the property of Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Średniowiecze Polskie i Powszechne is the property of Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Slaskiego and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background. Transvenous lead extraction (TLE) is recommended in cases of local and systemic infections related to cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs). Additionally, TLE is indicated in the event of lead damage or CIED malfunction. The extraction procedure is associated with a risk of life-threatening complications. Objectives. The aim of the EVO registry was to assess the safety and efficacy of birotational Evolution tool usage. Materials and methods. This registry study was prospectively conducted in 8 high-volume implantation centers in Poland. The study included 133 patients aged 63.5 ±15.1 years, and 76.69% were male. Indications for the procedure were: local or systemic infection (33.1%) and lead dysfunction (66.9%). The number of leads extracted varied from 1 (39.84%) to 3 (9.77%). Results. Clinical procedural success was achieved in 99.1% of cases. A total of 226 leads were extracted, and 206 used the Evolution system. Two procedural strategies were identified while using the Evolution system: (1) usage of locking stylet, propylene sheaths and the Evolution system (118 leads, 52%) - group A; (2) usage of locking stylet and Evolution (88 leads, 39%) - group B. There were no differences in the number of complications between these 2 groups. The extraction time was significantly shorter (p = 0.02) in group B than in group A. Major complications occurred in 5.2% of cases with 2 intraprocedural deaths. Minor complications occurred in 1.5% of patients. Conclusions. The registry confirmed the efficacy and relative safety of the birotational Evolution sheath. Using the rotational sheath as a first attempt significantly reduces extraction time without compromising its safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Journal of Legal Studies ( IJOLS ) is the property of International Institute of Innovation Science-Education-Development in Warsaw and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Studia Historica Nitriensia is the property of Studia Historica Nitriensia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aims The field of conduction system pacing (CSP) is evolving, and our aim was to obtain a contemporary picture of European CSP practice. Methods and results A survey was devised by a European CSP Expert Group and sent electronically to cardiologists utilizing CSP. A total of 284 physicians were invited to contribute of which 171 physicians (60.2%; 85% electrophysiologists) responded. Most (77%) had experience with both His-bundle pacing (HBP) and left bundle branch area pacing (LBBAP). Pacing indications ranked highest for CSP were atrioventricular block (irrespective of left ventricular ejection fraction) and when coronary sinus lead implantation failed. For patients with left bundle branch block (LBBB) and heart failure (HF), conventional biventricular pacing remained first-line treatment. For most indications, operators preferred LBBAP over HBP as a first-line approach. When HBP was attempted as an initial approach, reasons reported for transitioning to utilizing LBBAP were: (i) high threshold (reported as >2 V at 1 ms), (ii) failure to reverse bundle branch block, or (iii) > 30 min attempting to implant at His-bundle sites. Backup right ventricular lead use for HBP was low (median 20%) and predominated in pace-and-ablate scenarios. Twelve-lead electrocardiogram assessment was deemed highly important during follow-up. This, coupled with limitations from current capture management algorithms, limits remote monitoring for CSP patients. Conclusions This survey provides a snapshot of CSP implementation in Europe. Currently, CSP is predominantly used for bradycardia indications. For HF patients with LBBB, most operators reserve CSP for biventricular implant failures. Left bundle branch area pacing ostensibly has practical advantages over HBP and is therefore preferred by many operators. Practical limitations remain, and large randomized clinical trial data are currently lacking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Politica Polonica is the property of University of Szczecin Press / Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecinskiego and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Annals of Social Sciences / Roczniki Nauk Społecznych is the property of Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL & Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawla II and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Considering the increasing importance of cyclopropyl-containing peptide-derived compounds in the pharmaceutical industry, herein, we report the crystal engineering of a series of novel derivatives, i.e., diethyl 2-acetamido-2-(cyclopropylmethyl)malonate (1), 2-(cyclopropylmethyl)-2-acetamidopropanedioic acid (2) [Ac-b-cyclopropyl-(R,S)-Ala-OH], 2-(cyclopropylmethyl)-2-acetamidopropanedioic acid hydrate (3), 2-acetamido-3-cyclopropylpropanoic acid (4), and (2S)-2-[cyclopropyl(9H-fluoren-9-ylmethoxycarbonyl)amino]propanoic acid (5) [Fmoc-b-cyclopropyl-(S)-Ala-OH]. Although several cyclopropyl-based peptide-derived structures have been reported in the literature, to the best of our knowledge, studies on the synthon hierarchy in this class of structures are limited. Thus, to address this gap, herein, we report a multidisciplinary study to shed light on the role of cyclopropyl synthons in (bio)supramolecular assemblies, opening a new vista for the further applications of this unique scaffold. The synthesis was achieved via a multi-step protocol in good yield and the structures were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The diverse supramolecular synthons responsible for the arrangement of molecules in the crystal lattice of either new compounds or all cyclopropyl-containing peptide-derived solids deposited in the CSD thus far were specified and summarized, building a library. The self-assembly is directed by the cooperative interplay of H-bonds and π-stacking interactions. Quantum-chemical computational studies revealed that the cyclopropyl ring is capable of , , and interactions. The molecular docking study delineated the C–H⋯C(cyclopropyl) and C–H(cyclopropyl)⋯π interactions of the cyclopropyl moiety with the essential amino acid residues inside the active pocket of the human androgen receptor, highlighting the vital role of cyclopropyl in the supramolecular landscape of the bio-complex. Indeed, 2 shows a significant docking score with effective binding affinity, and thus is a promising candidate for prostate cancer prevention or management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate warming is causing ice in the circumpolar zones to melt, making it easier to access the natural resources there. It is not only individual states but also international corporations that are seeking to take control of these deposits. In the vast majority of cases, the indigenous inhabitants of the Arctic have little influence over the exploitation of the deposits. This is due to the economic and political superiority of the authorities of the countries they live in. Very frequently, even their autonomy is only apparent, and it concerns merely a few aspects of economic activity. It is only in the case of the Inuit living in Greenland that the situation is different. They have real control over their own territories. They have a wide autonomy within the Kingdom of Denmark and no option of Greenland gaining independence would be beneficial for them. The article constitutes an attempt to analyze the possibility of their economic independence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The devastating Varroa mite (Varroa destructor Anderson and Trueman) is an obligatory ectoparasite of the honey bee, contributing to significant colony losses in North America and throughout the world. The limited number of conventional acaricides to reduce Varroa mites and prevent disease in honey bee colonies is challenged with wide-spread resistance and low target-site selectivity. Here, we propose a biorational approach using comparative genomics for the development of honey bee-safe and selective acaricides targeting the Varroa mite-specific neuropeptidergic system regulated by proctolin, which is lacking in the honey bee. Proctolin is a highly conserved pentapeptide RYLPT (Arg-Tyr-Leu-Pro-Thr) known to act through a G protein-coupled receptor to elicit myotropic activity in arthropod species. A total of 33 different peptidomimetic and peptide variants were tested on the Varroa mite proctolin receptor. Ligand docking model and mutagenesis studies revealed the importance of the core aromatic residue Tyr2 in the proctolin ligand. Peptidomimetics were observed to have significant oral toxicity leading to the paralysis and death of Varroa mites, while there were no negative effects observed for honey bees. We have demonstrated that a taxon-specific physiological target identified by advanced genomics information offers an opportunity to develop Varroa mite-selective acaricides, hence, expedited translational processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Rare coexistence of disease or pathology Background: Cardiac inflammatory pseudotumors are rarely observed. Their etiology might include immunologic abnormalities, fibrogenetic disorders, specific reactions to infections or abnormalities related to trauma, necrosis, or neoplasm. Life-threatening ventricular tachycardia and cases of sudden death related to cardiac tumors have been reported. The present report describes and discusses diagnostic and therapeutic solutions for the treatment of nonsarcoid multiorgan pseudotumors with cardiac involvement. Case Report: A 38-year-old woman presented to the clinic with symptomatic ventricular tachycardia. As coronary artery disease, cardiomyopathy, and channelopathy were ruled out, and electrocardiograms were not typical of idiopathic arrhythmia, the patient underwent detailed diagnostics which included targeted endomyocardial biopsy, which revealed a cardiac inflammatory pseudotumor. Laborious testing (and eventually, antibiotic therapy) led to ex juvantibus diagnosis of multiorgan disseminated brucellosis with cardiac involvement. Treatment with ceftriaxone, doxycycline, and rifampicin resulted in a complete resolution of all lesions after 3 months, and sustained recovery was observed during a 5-year follow-up. As the risk of ventricular tachycardia could not be reliably predicted, the patient had a subcutaneous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator implanted. Conclusions: A vast diagnostic armamentarium of modern medicine allowed us to diagnose an unsuspected and rare cardiac inflammatory pseudotumor. In the case of travelers, the possibility of regionally specific illnesses, especially infections, must be taken into consideration as possible causes of arrhythmias. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging may be useful in patients with ‘idiopathic ventricular tachycardias’ to detect non-apparent myocardial lesions which may result from the underlying cause of the arrhythmia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Short peptides have great potential as safe and effective anticancer drug leads. Herein, the influence of short cyclic peptides containing the Pro-Pro-Phe-Phe sequence on patient-derived melanoma cells was investigated. Cyclic peptides such as cyclo(Leu-Ile-Ile-Leu-Val-Pro-Pro-Phe-Phe-), called CLA, and cyclo(Pro-homoPro-β3homoPhe-Phe-), called P11, exert the cytotoxic and the cytostatic effects in melanoma cells, respectively. CLA was the most active peptide as it reduced the viability of melanoma cells to 50% of control at about 10 µM, whereas P11 at about 40 µM after 48 h incubation. Interestingly, a linear derivative of P11 did not induce any effect in melanoma cells confirming previous studies showing that cyclic peptides exert better biological activity compared to their linear counterparts. According to in silico predictions, cyclic tetrapeptides show a better pharmacokinetic and toxic profile to humans than CLA. Notably, the spatial structure of those peptides containing synthetic amino acids has not been explored yet. In the Cambridge Structural Database, there is only one such cyclic tetrapeptide, cyclo((R)-β2homoPhe-D-Pro-Lys-Phe-), while in the Protein Data Bank—none. Therefore, we report the first crystal structure of cyclo(Pro-Pro-β3homoPhe-Phe-), denoted as 4B8M, a close analog of P11, which is crucial for drug discovery. Comparative molecular and supramolecular analysis of both structures was performed. The DFT findings revealed that 4B8M is well interpreted in the water solution. The results of complex Hirshfeld surface investigations on the cooperativity of interatomic contacts in terms of electrostatic and energetic features are provided. In short, the enrichment ratio revealed O...H/H...O and C...H/H...C as privileged intercontacts in the crystals in relation to basic and large supramolecular H-bonding synthon patterns. Furthermore, the ability of self-assemble 4B8M leading to a nanotubular structure is also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some of the most active areas of interest include, but are not limited to, the following: - Synthesis of modified amino acids, short peptides, and their mimetics; - Supramolecular aspects of short peptide-derived structures; - Short peptide engineering and peptide-based nanotechnology; - Peptide conjugations and modifications, including peptide nucleic acids (PNAs), nucleopeptides, peptide interferons, peptide aptamers, macrocycles, glycopeptides, etc.; - Bioactive short peptides (nature-/food-derived) and antimicrobial peptides; - New natural and artificial sources of short peptides (e.g., integrated venomics, peptide-display libraries); - New computational tools, methods, approaches, databases, as well as technologies for studies on short peptides; - Peptide-protein interactions; - Imaging agents with short peptides; - Short peptides in stem cell research; - Short peptides for therapy: vaccinology, diagnosis, and treatment of diverse diseases; - Short peptides in drug design; - Short peptides in cosmetology and regenerative medicine. It is beyond doubt that short peptides hold significant promise in bio-medicine, as the most versatile molecules, both structurally and functionally. We hope that this edition will illustrate state-of-the-art knowledge in peptide science, illuminate emerging trends of a field influencing the world in the future and stimulate further research on short peptides to address unmet clinical needs. 33260656 14 Liscano Y., Onate-Garzon J., Delgado J.P. Peptides with dual antimicrobial-anticancer activity: Strategies to overcome peptide limitations and rational design of anticancer peptides. [Extracted from the article]

The core of Cyclolinopeptide A (CLA, cyclo(LIILVPPFF)), responsible for its high immunosuppressive activity, contains a Pro-Pro-Phe-Phe sequence. A newly synthesized cyclic tetrapeptide, cyclo(Pro-Pro-β3-HoPhe-Phe) (denoted as 4B8M) bearing the active sequence of CLA, was recently shown to exhibit a wide array of anti-inflammatory properties in mouse models. In this investigation, we demonstrate that the peptide significantly inhibits the replication of human adenovirus C serotype 5 (HAdV-5) and Herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) in epithelial lung cell line A-549, applying Cidofovir and Acyclovir as reference drugs. Based on a previously established mechanism of its action, we propose that the peptide may inhibit virus replication by the induction of PGE2 acting via EP2/EP4 receptors in epithelial cells. In summary, we reveal a new, antiviral property of this anti-inflammatory peptide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Poland is facing the growing problem of overweight and obesity in the population, which makes it necessary to conduct a thorough assessment of the existing food environment policies. The aims of the study were: (1) to depict the strength of healthy food environment policies in Poland and identify implementation policies and infrastructure support gaps; (2) to identify and prioritise improvement policies, taking into account their importance, achievability and equity. Methods: We used the Healthy Food Environment Policy Index (Food-EPI). An experts' panel rated Polish policies and infrastructure compared to international best practices and developed a list of recommended improvement actions addressing both components. Results: eight of the twenty-two policy and four of the twenty-two infrastructure indicators achieved the "no/very weak policy" result. Another four policy and five infrastructure indicators were considered "weak". Another seven and eight indicators, respectively, were assessed as "moderate". Among the identified actions, the highest priority was given to a food labelling system and training for persons involved in nutrition in schools. Conclusions: The Polish healthy food environment has been assessed as very weak or weak in most aspects. The infrastructure was assessed as slightly better compared to the policies domain, with more indicators receiving the "moderate" score. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This meta-review investigated the context-related implementation determinants from seven domains (geographical, epidemiological, sociocultural, economic, ethics-related, political, and legal) that were systematically indicated as occurring during the implementation of obesity prevention policies targeting a healthy diet and a physically active lifestyle.Methods: Data from nine databases and documentation of nine major stakeholders were searched for the purpose of this preregistered meta-review (#CRD42019133341). Context-related determinants were considered strongly supported if they were indicated in ≥60% of the reviews/stakeholder documents. The ROBIS tool and the Methodological Quality Checklist-SP were used to assess the quality-related risk of bias.Results: Published reviews (k = 25) and stakeholder documents that reviewed the evidence of policy implementation (k = 17) were included. Across documents, the following six determinants from three context domains received strong support: economic resources at the macro (66.7% of analyzed documents) and meso/micro levels (71.4%); sociocultural context determinants at the meso/micro level, references to knowledge/beliefs/abilities of target groups (69.0%) and implementers (73.8%); political context determinants (interrelated policies supported in 71.4% of analyzed reviews/documents; policies within organizations, 69.0%).Conclusions: These findings indicate that sociocultural, economic, and political contexts need to be accounted for when formulating plans for the implementation of a healthy diet and physical activity/sedentary behavior policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The inSighT study was designed to determine the prevalence of ischemic changes as recorded by implantable cardioverter–defibrillator (ICD) ST deviations in intracardiac electrocardiograms (EGM) over the 24 h preceding malignant ventricular arrhythmias (VT/VF). Methods: The study enrolled patients with known coronary artery disease (CAD) or high risk of future development of CAD implanted with an ICD equipped with an ST monitoring feature (Ellipse™/Fortify Assura™, St. Jude Medical). Device session records were collected at each in‐clinic follow‐up. EGM ST levels of the beats over the 15 minutes prior to VT/VF events were compared using a t test with those from a baseline period of 23–24 h prior to the VT/VF event. All events with p <.05 were visually inspected to confirm they were evaluable; additional criteria for exclusion from further analysis included inappropriate therapy, aberrant conduction, and occurrence of VT/VF within 24h prior to the current event. Results: The study enrolled 481 ICD patients (64 ± 11 years, 83% male) in 14 countries and followed them for 15±5 months. A total of 165 confirmed VT/VF episodes were observed, of which 71 events (in 56 patients, 34% of all patients with VT/VF) were preceded by significant (p <.05) ST‐segment changes unrelated to known non‐ischemic causes. None of the analyzed demographic and clinical factors proved to be associated with greater odds of presenting with ST‐segment changes prior to VT/VF episode. Conclusion: In this exploratory study, characteristic ST‐segment changes, likely representative of ischemic events, were observed in 34% of all patients with VT/VF episodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Politica Polonica is the property of University of Szczecin Press / Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecinskiego and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Insect CAPA neuropeptidesare considered to affect water and ion balance by mediating the physiological metabolism activities of the Malpighian tubules. In previous studies, the CAPA‐PK analogue 1895 (2Abf‐Suc‐FGPRLamide) was reported to decrease aphid fitness when administered through microinjection or via topical application. However, a further statistically significant decrease in the fitness of aphids and an increased mortality could not be established with pairwise combinations of 1895 with other CAPA analogue. In this study, we assessed the topical application of new combinations of 1895 with five CAPA‐PVK analogues on the fitness of aphids. We found that 1895 and CAPA‐PVK analogue 2315 (ASG‐[β3L]‐VAFPRVamide) was statistically the most effective combination to control the peach potato aphid Myzus persicae nymphs via topical application, leading to 72% mortality. Additionally, the combination (1895+2315) was evaluated against a selection of beneficial insects, that is, a pollinator (Bombus terrestris) and three natural enemies (Chrysoperla carnea, Nasonia vitripennis, and Adalia bipunctata). We found no significant influence on food intake, weight increase, and survival for the pollinator and the three representative natural enemies. These results could facilitate to further establish and generate CAPA analogues as alternatives to broad spectrum and less friendly insecticides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Policy frameworks focusing on policy implementation may vary in terms of their scope, included constructs, relationships between the constructs, and context factors. Although multiple policy implementation frameworks exist, the overarching synthesis characterizing differences between the frameworks is missing. This study investigated frameworks guiding implementation of policies aiming at healthy nutrition, physical activity promotion, and a reduction of sedentary behavior. In particular, we aimed at examining the scope of the frameworks and the content of included constructs (e.g., referring to implementation processes, determinants, or implementation evaluation), the level at which these constructs operate (e.g., the individual level, the organizational/community level), relationships between the constructs, and the inclusion of equity factors. Methods: A systematic review (the PROSPERO registration no. CRD42019133251) was conducted using 9 databases and 8 stakeholder websites. The content of 38 policy implementation frameworks was coded and analyzed. Results: Across the frameworks, 47.4% (18 in 38) addressed three aims: description of the process, determinants, and the evaluation of implementation. The majority of frameworks (65.8%; 25 in 38) accounted for constructs from three levels: individual, organizational/community, and the system level. System-level constructs were included less often (76.3%; 29 in 38) than individual-level or organizational/community-level constructs (86.8% [33 in 38 frameworks] and 94.7% [36 in 38 frameworks] respectively). The majority of frameworks (84.2%, 32 in 38) included at least some sections that were solely of descriptive character (a list of unassociated constructs); 50.0% (19 in 38) included sections of prescriptive character (general steps of implementation); 60.5% (23 in 38) accounted for explanatory sections (assuming bi- or uni-directorial associations). The complex system approach was accounted for only in 21.1% (8 in 38) of frameworks. More than half (55.3%; 21 in 38) of frameworks did not account for any equity constructs (e.g., socioeconomic status, culture). Conclusions: The majority of policy implementation frameworks have two or three aims (combining processes, determinants and/or the evaluation of implementation), include multi-level constructs (although the system-level determinants are less frequently included than those from the individual- or organizational/community-level), combine sections of purely descriptive character with sections accounting for prescriptive and/or explanatory associations, and are likely to include a little or no equity constructs. Registration: PROSPERO, #CRD42019133251. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global warming is accelerating, thus irreversibly changing the human environment, and most of the measures taken to halt this phenomenon seem to be the result of wishful thinking. Policies meant to combat climate change fail to bring about the desired effect. Arctic indigenous peoples are particularly vulnerable to climate change, and their cultural identity is under threat. However, owing to the actions taken by state authorities and European Union institutions, there is a chance that the Sami languages will be preserved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. The radiofrequency impedance measurement is one of the basic parameters monitored during ablation procedures. An abrupt rise in impedance is often observed corresponding to a steam pop. The exact correlation between the occurrence of steam pop and subsequent rise in impedance has not been experimentally described so far. Objectives. To evaluate the relationship between steam pop occurrence and impedance fluctuations observed during radiofrequency ablation (RFA). Materials and methods. Porcine heart tissue specimens were appropriately prepared and placed in an experimental setup connected to electrophysiological equipment with 3D anatomical mapping facilities. The RFA lesions were performed in standardized conditions with the use of contact force measurement-enabled open irrigation ablation catheter (ThermoCool SmartTouch™, 3.5 mm tip, F-J curvature; Biosense Webster, Irvine, USA) in the power-control mode. The RFA delivery was stopped when the steam pop occurred. Time taken for the steam pop to occur and to the subsequent abrupt impedance rise was recorded, along with the impedance fluctuations during an application. Results. In total, 25 experimental radiofrequency (RF) current deliveries ended up with steam pops, which occurred after 30--60 s. The time recorded from the beginning of the application up to the steam pop was shorter if increased power was applied (35 W compared to 30 W: 41.5 ±9.9 s compared to 49.9 ±8.2 s; p = 0.046). During all RF applications, impedance significantly but gradually decreased from 122.9 ±7.9 Ω to 87.5 ±3.6 Ω (p < 0.001) with a mean drop rate of 0.8 ±0.2 Ω/s. During all experiments, the abrupt and significant impedance increase (8.2 ±2.0 Ω, p < 0.001) was observed always after steam pop occurrence (207.4 ±155.9 ms). Conclusions. During RF current delivery which ended up with steam pop, an abrupt impedance increase was always registered after the occurrence of this phenomenon. Therefore, the impedance rise observed during steam popping cannot be used for its prediction. The time to steam pop was shorter for applications with increased power but not with greater contact force. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Cardiac papillary fibroelastomas (CPFs) are rare benign cardiac tumors typically found on the heart valves. The previously published data on the CPF focused on its clinical presentation, optimal management, and prognosis. However, histogenesis of these lesions remains controversial. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to establish the role of endocardial endothelium (EE) in CPF formation. Materials and methods. Four CPF tumors removed from the right atrioventricular valves were analyzed using hematoxylin & eosin, orcein, and Masson trichrome staining together with immunochemistry for CD-34, CD-68, vimentin, vWF and a-SMA. Moreover, conventional transmission electron microscopy was used for morphological analysis and a-SMA presence confirmation. Results. Ultrastructural morphology, immunohisto- and immunocytochemical analyses indicated that cells covering collagenous core have an endothelial origin. Some endocardial endothelium cells have the potential to undergo a transition to mesenchymal cells. Moreover, the abundant presence of extracellular vesicles may indicate an active intercellular communication. Within the intermediate translucent zone, amorphous substances with monocytes/macrophage-like cells and fibroblastic cells were found. Finally, within collagenous core activated (myo)fibroblasts were observed. Conclusions. Our study demonstrated that the endocardial endothelium of the CPF was "double-sided", i.e., it presented both endothelial and mesenchymal cell characteristics. Another finding was the presence of monocytes, and macrophages which were integrated into CPF core and displayed features of a fibroblast that have been shown to contribute to extracellular matrix production. This could be interpreted as being attributed to the CPF histogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a developed method for fuzzy multiple-criteria optimization of the rolled-steel heat treatment processes in the modern metallurgical plant. At the first stage of the study, by means of passive industrial experiments or a mathematical simulation of heat transfer processes, and using statistical methods, the regression dependencies of the output parameters of process quality on the input variables that are technological parameters are established. Then, based on the quality parameters, membership functions are formed that represent local criteria of the process quality, and their ranks are calculated using the matrix of pairwise comparisons. The practically useful methodology of the fuzzy multiple-criteria optimization of technological processes is proposed. To illustrate this methodology's practical efficiency, the solutions of two optimization problems are found by maximizing the global criterion that aggregates local criteria using their ranks. It is shown that the efficiency of the obtained optimal heat treatment modes significantly exceeds the efficiency of the technology used earlier in the plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Yearbook of European Integration / Rocznik Integracji Europejskiej is the property of Faculty of Political Science & Journalism, Adam Mickiewicz University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: The implementation of public policies requires special attention from public authorities to ensure their transparency, effectiveness and efficiency. For this reason, efforts to evaluate the abovementioned politics gained attention and importance. Similar processes, by their very nature, are also noticeable in the area of health policy, however, the nature of the solutions used raises questions about the extent to which they allow to capture the assessed phenomenon in a holistic way. The current approach to the problem of evaluating health policy shows a tendency to break down this phenomenon into components including policies, programs or projects. The purpose of this publication was to assess the main methodological approaches used in evaluation studies in terms of their usefulness and limitations in conducting overall assessment of health policy. Main body: The publication divides evaluation methods based on three main criteria identified in the literature—time, purpose and scope of evaluation. Methodological approaches to evaluation activities detailed on this basis are discussed from the point of view of their characteristics, usefulness and limitations in the creation of comprehensive health policy assessments. The growing awareness of the need for a different approach to evaluation, which was confirmed by the course of the discourse on evaluation in public health, was also pointed out. Conclusion: Given the complexity of the matter making up the health policy, attempts aimed at its overall assessment should be based on an approach integrating many approaches, while ensuring coordination of evaluation activities that should be subject to common assumptions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Kinins are multifunctional neuropeptides that regulate key insect physiological processes such as diuresis, feeding, and ecdysis. However, the physiological roles of kinins in ticks are unclear. Furthermore, ticks have an expanded number of kinin paracopies in the kinin gene. Silencing the kinin receptor (KR) in females of Rhipicephalus microplus reduces reproductive fitness. Thus, it appears the kinin signaling system is important for tick physiology and its disruption may have potential for tick control. RESULTS: We determined the activities of endogenous kinins on the KR, a G protein‐coupled receptor, and identified potent peptidomimetics. Fourteen predicted R. microplus kinins (Rhimi‐K), and 11 kinin analogs containing aminoisobutyric acid (Aib) were tested. The latter incorporated tick kinin sequences and/or were modified for enhanced resistance to arthropod peptidases. A high‐throughput screen using a calcium fluorescence assay in 384‐well plates was performed. All tested kinins and Aib analogs were full agonists. The most potent kinin and two kinin analogs were equipotent. Analogs 2414 ([Aib]FS[Aib]WGa) and 2412 ([Aib]FG[Aib]WGa) were the most active with EC50 values of 0.9 and 1.1 nM, respectively, matching the EC50 of the most potent tick kinin, Rhimi‐K‐14 (QDSFNPWGa) (EC50 = 1 nM). The potent analog 2415 ([Aib]FR[Aib]WGa, EC50 = 6.8 nM) includes both Aib molecules for resistance to peptidases and a positively charged residue, R, for enhanced water solubility and amphiphilic character. CONCLUSION: These tick kinins and pseudopeptides expand the repertoire of reagents for tick physiology and toxicology towards finding novel targets for tick management. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICD) have a strong position in the prevention of sudden death. Nowadays, the most commonly used high-energy cardiac devices are transvenous ICDs. A new technology of totally subcutaneous ICDs (S-ICD) was invented and recently introduced into clinical practice in order to reduce lead-related complications of conventional ICDs. The aim of this paper is to present early experience with this new technology implemented in a few centres in Poland.Material and Methods: Medical records of patients who had S-ICD-related interventions in Poland were retrospectively analysed.Results: During the first year of S-ICD introduction into the Polish health system 18 patients underwent surgery connected with S-ICDs. Majority of them (17 patients) were implanted de novo. In one patient surgical revision of a device implanted abroad was performed. Most of patients (78%) had S-ICDs implanted for secondary prevention. Inability of transvenous system implantation due to venous access obstruction or high risk of infection related with transvenous leads accounted for 83% of indications for S-ICD. Only in three patients were S-ICDs implanted due to young age and active mode of life. The implantations of S-ICDs were performed without important early or late complications. During follow-up one patient had episodes of ventricular arrhythmia successfully terminated with high-energy shocks. One patient died due to progression of heart failure.Conclusions: S-ICD implantation procedure has been successfully and safely introduced in Polish clinical routine. Nevertheless, despite clear indications in recent ESC guidelines, this therapy is not directly reimbursed in Poland and needs individual application for refund. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quantum memories with long storage times are key elements in long-distance quantum networks. The atomic frequency comb (AFC) memory in particular has shown great promise to fulfill this role, having demonstrated multimode capacity and spin–photon quantum correlations. However, the memory storage times have so-far been limited to about 1 ms, realized in a Eu3+ doped Y2SiO5 crystal at zero applied magnetic field. Motivated by studies showing increased spin coherence times under applied magnetic field, we developed an AFC spin-wave memory utilizing a weak 15 mT magnetic field in a specific direction that allows efficient optical and spin manipulation for AFC memory operations. With this field configuration the AFC spin-wave storage time increased to 40 ms using a simple spin-echo sequence. Furthermore, by applying dynamical decoupling techniques the spin-wave coherence time reaches 530 ms, a 300-fold increase with respect to previous AFC spin-wave storage experiments. This result paves the way towards long duration storage of quantum information in solid-state ensemble memories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]