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Objective: To ensure family spacing in our low socio-economic class. Study Design: Quasi-experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: Pak Emirates Military Hospital Rawalpindi, from Jan 2018 to Dec 2019. Methodology: Two hundred females using oral contraceptive pills for spacing of children coming to Pak Emirates Military Hospital were selected. The problems of using contraceptive pills were identified. Out of these 87 women agreed to choose an intrauterine copper device (IUCD). Results: Out of 200 women 87 converted from oral contraceptive pills to intrauterine copper device use. Most of them faced daily dosage problems 168 (84%). Nausea was encountered by 123 (61.5%) women and later settled in 89 (44.5%) women. About 31 (15.5%) were worried about the chances of uterine perforation and 56 (28%) were worried about lost intrauterine copper device resulting in laparotomy. About 65 (32.5%) were afraid of infection, backache and vaginal discharge. About 91 (45.5%) women thought to have gastric problems with the intrauterine copper device. About 71 (81%) agreed to have a spacing of children for about five years and removal whenever desired. Conclusion: Intrauterine contraception is a very safe and efficient method for contraception as compared to oral pills. If expertise is, available it should be used and couples should be fully educated for its safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate lipidprofile amongst patients diagnosed with preeclampsia and compare it with normal pregnant patients. Study Design: Cross-sectional comparative study. Place and Duration of Study: Obstetrics Unit, Combined Military Hospital Rawalpindi, from Jan to Mar 2021. Methodology: A total of 80 patients were enrolled and divided into two groups. Group A preeclampsia patients and group B normotensive pregnant patients in third trimester. Inclusion criteria were patients between 20-35 years in third trimester of pregnancy. Patients with preexisting hypertension, diabetes, autoimmune disease and renal problems were excluded. Demographic and reproductive profiles including age, parity, period of gestation and body mass index (BMI) noted. Blood samples after 12 hours of fasting were obtained. Serum total cholesterol, high density lipoproteins (HDL), low density lipoproteins (LDL), serum triglycerides and very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) levels calculated. Demographic profile and test results of the two groups were compared. p-value of ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 80 patients were enrolled in the study. Mean age of two groups was 28.6 ± 3.8 yrs, mean parity 1.8 ± 1.1, gestational age 33.6 ± 2.6, body mass index 27.7 ± 2. Mean values calculated of the lipid profile of both groups was cholesterol 5.22 ± 1.2, high density lipoproteins 1.68 ± 0.65, low density lipoproteins 3.07 ± 1.1, triglycerides 2.5 ± 0.93, very low density lipoproteins 1.24 ± 0.44. Difference between age, parity, gestational age and body mass index was not significant between the two groups but difference between serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels was significant (p<0.0001). Conclusion: Our pregnant population generally has raised lipid levels. Women with preeclampsia have lipid profile derangements which are significant in comparison to normotensive patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To assess the perspectives and health anxieties of gynecological and obstetric patients during COVID19 pandemic. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted in emergency and outpatient clinics of Gynecology and Obstetrics department Combined Military Hospital Rawalpindi, Pakistan from April to May 2020. Methodology: Two hundred and thirty patients participated in this study by answering a pre-designed questionnaire. All the patients were interviewed by the same doctor to minimize bias. Eleven questions were asked exploring their perspectives and anxieties regarding Novel COVID-19 pandemic, its effects on their healthcare and the challenges faced by the healthcare providers. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 33 ± 5.2 years. One hundred and sixty four (71.3%) were obstetric and 66 (34.8%) were gynecological patients. Undergraduate, postgraduate, and healthcare professionals were 78 (33.9%), 134 (58.3%) and 18 (7.8%) respectively. Two hundred and fourteen (93.03%) participants were aware of risk of COVID-19 pandemic and 140 (60.8%) knew about its adverse effects. One hundred and forty (62.5%) visited for regular antenatal. According to 196 (85.2%) had a good opinion about the attitude of the doctors and 216 (93.9%) were satisfied with their treatment. 186 (80.8%) had no apprehensions about the health workers protective gear but did consider hospital environment hazardous. Two hundred and six (89.5%) were not interested in revisiting the hospital again and 180 (78.2%) would not recommend it to their friends. Conclusion: Gynecological and obstetric patients have different opinion about risk, safety measurements, environmental condition, stress, and attitude of doctors during COVID-19 pandemic according to age and educational status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the incidence of SARS CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection amongst women admitted for child birth and to categorize patients according to disease severity. Study Design: Prospective cohort study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at Obstetrics Unit of Combined Military Hospital (CMH) Rawalpindi, from 1st May 2020 to 15 June 2020. Methodology: Pregnant patients reporting for childbirth were initially screened and tested for SARS CoV-2 using RT-PCR kits. Primary outcome was number of positive patients and categorization according to severity of disease into asymptomatic, mild, moderate, severe and critical. Screening parameters were symptoms like fever, cough, flu, myalgia, breathing difficulty, gastrointestinal symptoms, travel history and history of contact. Comparison was done between COVID category of asymptomatic and symptomatic patients. Results: Based on PCR testing out of the 525 women giving birth during the study period 43 (8.1%) was COVID positive. Out of the total screened patients 484 (92%) were a symptomatic and 41 (7.8%) were screen positive. 20 (48.7%) of screen positive were PCR positive too. According to disease severity 28 (65%) patients were asymptomatic, 10 (23%) mild, 4 (9.3%) moderate and severe (1%). COVID category for screen positive and negative patients was compared and was statistically significant for screen positive patients (p<0.0001). Conclusion: pregnant women with COVID-19 infection are a unique subset of patients. As majority of the patients were asymptomatic and only diagnosed with a positive laboratory test so the recommendation is to do universal testing in this pandemic to prepare for childbirth ina safe environment for patient, neonate and health care workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]