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This review describes a study of nonmagnetic-defect-induced magnetism of graphene on the basis of a tight-binding model. A vacancy induces around itself a quasilocalized impurity state at the chemical potential and leads to formation of local magnetic moments. The connection between a quasilocalized state around a vacancy and the edge localized states near a zigzag edge is studied in detail. Magnetism associated with many vacancies and edge structures is also reviewed. Some new results of magnetism associated with many vacancies are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We studied a tunable wavelength filter using a single-mode fiber Bragg grating with a cladding thinned by reactive plasma etching. Reflection wavelength shifts were demonstrated by controlling the effective refractive index or the period of the grating. When liquid paraffin was used for additional cladding on a thinned grating fiber of 19-μm diameter, the shift rate of 0.055 nm/°C was obtained. In the case of applying the tension to the grating region, the shift rate was 3.4 nm/100 V for the fiber of 41-μm diameter [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]