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A benzothiazole-modified quinoline Schiff base fluorescent probe TQ was prepared by a condensation reaction, and characterized by using IR, NMR, ESI-MS. The fluorescence emission of probe TQ was weak, while displaying a strong emission at 517.5 nm in the presence of Zn2+. The fluorescence enhancement was highly selective toward Zn2+ over other common cations, with a detection limit as low as 69.5 nM. The results of Job's plot curve implied that the coordination ratio of probe TQ to Zn2+ was 1 : 1, and the possible coordination mode was proposed by means of 1H NMR titration, mass spectrometry and DFT calculations. In addition, the probe can be used for the detection of Zn2+ in living cells and real water samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bacterial strain HT11 isolated from broad bean (Vicia faba L.) exhibited strong antifungal activity against Botrytis fabiopsis, the causative agent of red spot disease in broad bean. To gain insights into the secondary metabolites produced by HT11,its entire genome was sequenced and subjected to comprehensive analysis. The genome comprised a single circular chromosome of 6,335,588 base pairs (bp) in length. Comparative analysis of the 16 S rRNA gene and the average nucleotide identity (ANI) confirmed the HT11 strain as a new Pseudomonas strain. The complete genome encoded 5,366 predicted open reading frames (ORFs), 66 tRNA genes and 16 rRNA genes. The total length of the annotated genes accounted for 82.93% (5,254,103/6,335,588 bp) of the complete genome. Functional categorization of the predicted ORFs revealed 24 Clusters of Orthologous Groups of proteins (COG). Fourteen gene clusters were identified with in the genome, associated with the biosynthesis of pyochelin, pyocyanin, viscosin, and tolaasin I/tolaasin F. Additionally, three gene clusters were implicated in the biosynthesis of unknown metabolites. These findings establish a foundational basis for further investigations into the interactions between Pseudomonas sp. HT11 and the pathogenic fungus Botrytis fabiopsis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper delves into the potential of Large Language Model (LLM) agents for industrial robotics, with an emphasis on autonomous design, decision-making, and task execution within manufacturing contexts. We propose a comprehensive framework that includes three core components: (1) matches manufacturing tasks with process parameters, emphasizing the challenges in LLM agents' understanding of human-imposed constraints; (2) autonomously designs tool paths, highlighting the LLM agents' proficiency in planar tasks and challenges in 3D spatial tasks; and (3) integrates embodied intelligence within industrial robotics simulations, showcasing the adaptability of LLM agents like GPT-4. Our experimental results underscore the distinctive performance of the GPT-4 agent, especially in Component 3, where it is outstanding in task planning and achieved a success rate of 81.88% across 10 samples in task completion. In conclusion, our study accentuates the transformative potential of LLM agents in industrial robotics and suggests specific avenues, such as visual semantic control and real-time feedback loops, for their enhancement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sacha inchi oil is growing in demand worldwide owing to its high fatty acid content of linolenic acid (44.30%–51.62%) and linoleic acid (34.08%–36.13%). In addition, Sacha inchi oil also contains phytosterols, such as stigmasterols (346- 456 μg/g), sitosterols (435–563 μg/g), and campesterols (10.47% ± 4.36%). Its main tocopherol is gamma-tocopherol (120.41–125.69 mg/100 g). The antinutrients in Sacha inchi seeds can be reduced by roasting prior to extraction. Various extractions, including both conventional and novel methods, have been used to extract Sacha inchi oil. However, the variety of extraction methods and origins of the seeds change the nutrient profiles, antinutrient content, and physicochemical properties. Incorporation of Sacha inchi oil into food products can increase its nutritional value, and it works as a moisturizing agent in cosmetic products. To obtain Sacha inchi oil with the desired properties and nutritional profile, this review summarizes the effects of different Sacha inchi seed oil extraction methods and processes on chemical compounds, antinutrient content, and physicochemical properties, including their potential and recent applications in food and cosmetic industries. HIGHLIGHTS: Sacha inchi oil yield, bioactive compounds, and physicochemical qualities are affected by cultivation area, seed chemical profile, extraction method, and conditions. Sacha inchi oil contains high amounts of linolenic and linoleic acid. Sacha inchi seeds contain heat-labile and heat-stable antinutrients, which are found in traces in the oil. Sacha inchi oil acts as a lipid source, animal fat substitute, and preservative, and increases nutritional value when added to food. Sacha inchi oil acts as a moisturizing agent. Sacha inchi is a promising new oil source for food and cosmetics, where demand has grown in Europe, the United States, and Asia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Na4MnV(PO4)3 (NMVP) has emerged as a cost-effective alternative to Na3V2(PO4)3, which is considered a promising cathode material for sodium-ion batteries. However, challenges such as low electronic conductivity, fast capacity fading resulting from the dissolution of Mn and polarization due to irreversible structural transformation impede the widespread application of NMVP. In this study, a facile sol–gel method is employed to dope NMVP with Mo, aiming to address these limitations. Synchrotron extended X-ray absorption fine structure data, neutron powder diffraction results, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate a preferential occupation of the P site by Mo. Mo-doped NMVP demonstrates an outstanding discharge capacity of 97.5 mA h g−1 at 0.2C and 46.4 mA h g−1 at 20C, along with impressive long-term stability, retaining 78.8% capacity after 300 cycles at 1C. DFT calculations reveal a significant reduction in the band gap of Mo-doped NMVP, enhancing electronic conductivity and thereby improving rate capability retention. In operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy reveals changes in the valence of V, Mn, and Mo in the material during charge/discharge, confirming the complete reversibility of redox reactions. The outstanding performance of the novel Mo-doped NMVP cathode highlights its promising potential for application in large-scale energy storage systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A preliminary screening test was performed to discover new antihyperlipidaemic active compounds from the leguminous plant Derris eriocarpa How. A new compound, derris-isoflavone F (1), and derrubone dimethyl ether (6), a known synthetic compound of natural origin, were isolated from the stems of D. eriocarpa alongside eight recognised compounds. To our knowledge, this is the first instance of documenting the identification of compounds 1–10 from this plant. The new compound were evaluated for their antihyperlipidemic and antiproliferative properties. Compound 1 evidently reduced the triglyceride (TG) content in oleic acid-treated HepG2 cells, which validated its efficacy as a potential TG-lowering agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a highly destructive agricultural pest. The ability of S. frugiperda to survive and reproduce is widely recognized, but it is also important to consider the role of larval cannibalism as a significant biological trait. Understanding the cannibalistic habits of pests helps to explore the dynamics and evolution of their populations and facilitates the monitoring of insect outbreaks. Therefore, the stages, densities, and intensity of cannibalism in S. frugiperda larvae, as well as the consequences for their development, were investigated under laboratory conditions. Spodoptera frugiperda larvae showed obvious cannibalism after the third instar even in the presence of maize (Zea mays L., Poaceae) leaves; cannibalism was not observed in first instars. In the case of only one cannibal, the percentage of prey consumed by cannibalism decreased with higher prey density, and the predatory functional responses of fourth‐ to sixth‐instar predators to first‐ to third‐instar preys were fitted using the Holling II model. Compared with larvae feeding on maize only, larvae feeding on a diet of maize supplemented with third‐instar conspecifics had a longer developmental duration and a higher body weight, with no significant differences in larval survival, pupation, or eclosion rates. Larvae supplied with conspecifics only, in the absence of maize leaves, generally had a lower body weight than larvae supplied with maize only, although developmental duration was still longer, and longevity and fecundity rates were lower for these larvae. Overall, consuming a small quantity of conspecifics in addition to maize leaves prolonged the developmental duration of larvae and pupae to some extent, increased the body weight, and did not impact the longevity or reproduction of S. frugiperda. However, cannibalism only, without access to maize leaves, had a detrimental effect on adult longevity and reproduction. These findings could serve as a valuable reference for studying the life history of insects that consume agricultural crops and may have potential applications for biological control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: First, this study assesses the link between research and development (R&D) expenses and firm efficiency. Second, this study explores how family control moderates the link between the two. Design/methodology/approach: This study uses two measures of time-based firm efficiency, namely, a window slacks-based measure (WSBM) and a window epsilon-based measure (WEBM) of data envelopment analysis (DEA). Then, 216 firm-year observations are analyzed in the Taiwanese cultural and creative industries from 2005 to 2017. Findings: This study finds that R&D expenses significantly worsen firm efficiency, and that family control positively moderates this effect. A further test separating the sample into family-controlled and nonfamily-controlled firms indicates that R&D expenses negatively affect the efficiency of nonfamily-controlled firms but positively affect that of family-controlled firms. Research limitations/implications: The existing literature has examined the link between R&D expenses and corporate performance. However, the process by which R&D expenses affect corporate performance from a production perspective remains unknown. Originality/value: Overall, this study provides insights for policymakers to scrutinize resource management and R&D expenses from the production and resource-based perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examine (i) the impacts of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) on firm efficiency and (ii) how board gender diversity (BGD) moderates these impacts in mining multinational enterprises (MNCs). We first employ a two‐stage network data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach to estimate eco‐efficiency (EE) and profitability efficiency (PE), and a network‐based ranking model to rank the mining MNCs. Second, we utilize multivariate regression analysis on 294 firm‐year observations of 49 global MNCs spanning from 2016 to 2021 to achieve our research objectives. Based on our findings, it appears that mining MNCs have a bigger room for improvement when it comes to their profitability efficiency than their eco‐efficiency. The DEA average efficiency scores for EE and PE stand at around 83% and 50%, respectively. Moreover, our regression results reveal that ESG significantly and positively influences EE but insignificantly affects PE. Environmental pillar score (EPS), social pillar score (SPS), and governance pillar score insignificantly influence EE, whereas EPS and SPS significantly affect PE. In addition, BGD significantly moderates the effect of ESG on EE. BGD significantly moderates only the impact of SPS on PE. Overall, this study emphasizes the significance of focusing on BGD when examining the relationship between ESG and firm efficiency, which thus provides crucial insights for stakeholders in the global mining industry, including investors, policymakers, and researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the moderating influence of the business strategy type on the correlation between environmental, social and governance (ESG) investment and efficiency in the gambling industry. By employing the range directional measure–network data envelopment analysis model, this study focuses on a sample of 29 gambling firms in North America, Europe, Asia and Oceania for the period of 2019–2022. Findings show that (i) the gambling industry demonstrates steadily increasing trends in the three ESG pillars; (ii) the gambling firms in Asia outperform their counterparts in North America across the three ESG pillars, and among the industry classifications, the betting operators lead in performance in the ESG pillars; and (iii) the adoption of an aggressive business strategy will enhance the translation of social responsibility investment and governance practices into heightened sustainability efficiency and marketability efficiency, respectively. Overall, this study enriches the ESG investment literature by exploring the moderating role of the business strategy type and provides insights into how diverse business strategies within the gambling industry can shape the outcomes of ESG initiatives. The implications of the findings extend to management teams and offer valuable insights into the interplay between the business strategy type and the ESG–firm efficiency nexus. Policymakers can leverage the results to design regulations and incentives that align with the different strategic profiles adopted by gambling firms to foster the creation of tailored and effective approaches for strengthening their sustainability in the industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A near-real-time change detection network can consistently identify unauthorized construction activities over a wide area, empowering authorities to enforce regulations efficiently. Furthermore, it can promptly assess building damage, enabling expedited rescue efforts. The extensive adoption of deep learning in change detection has prompted a predominant emphasis on enhancing detection performance, primarily through the expansion of the depth and width of networks, overlooking considerations regarding inference time and computational cost. To accurately represent the spatio-temporal semantic correlations between pre-change and post-change images, we create an innovative transformer attention mechanism named Sliding-Window Dissimilarity Cross-Attention (SWDCA), which detects spatio-temporal semantic discrepancies by explicitly modeling the dissimilarity of bi-temporal tokens, departing from the mono-temporal similarity attention typically used in conventional transformers. In order to fulfill the near-real-time requirement, SWDCA employs a sliding-window scheme to limit the range of the cross-attention mechanism within a predetermined window/dilated window size. This approach not only excludes distant and irrelevant information but also reduces computational cost. Furthermore, we develop a lightweight Siamese backbone for extracting building and environmental features. Subsequently, we integrate an SWDCA module into this backbone, forming an efficient change detection network. Quantitative evaluations and visual analyses of thorough experiments verify that our method achieves top-tier accuracy on two building change detection datasets of remote sensing imagery, while also achieving a real-time inference speed of 33.2 FPS on a mobile GPU. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND The non-exercise estimated cardiorespiratory fitness (eCRF) has been recognized as an important predictor of mortality among the general population. This study sought to evaluate the relationship between eCRF and mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer in hypertensive adults. METHODS We included 27,437 adults with hypertension from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III and 10 NHANES cycles from 1999 to 2018. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess the hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of eCRF for mortality. RESULTS A total of 8,023 deaths were recorded throughout a median 8.6-year follow-up, including 2,338 from CVD, and 1,761 from cancer. The eCRF with per 1 metabolic equivalent increase was linked to decreased risk of all-cause (adjusted HR 0.78, 95% CI: 0.75–0.81) and CVD mortality (adjusted HR 0.79, 95% CI: 0.74–0.84), rather than cancer mortality (adjusted HR 0.94, 95% CI: 0.86–1.03). Moreover, a stronger protective effect of eCRF was observed for females (HR 0.66 (95% CI: 0.62–0.72) versus HR 0.78 (95% CI: 0.73–0.83), P interaction < 0.001 for all-cause mortality; HR 0.70 (95% CI: 0.61–0.80;) versus HR 0.82 (95% CI: 0.73–0.92), P interaction = 0.026 for CVD mortality) compared with males. Findings did not significantly differ in subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS Among adults with hypertension, eCRF was inversely related to all-cause and CVD mortality, but not cancer mortality. A significant interaction effect existed between sex and eCRF. Further studies are needed to verify this association in different populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study investigates the gender‐specific genetic influence of the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs1111875 on diabetes risk within the Taiwanese population using data from the Taiwan Biobank. Diabetes mellitus, particularly type 2 diabetes (T2D), is influenced by genetic factors, and the rs1111875 SNP near the hematopoietically expressed homeobox (HHEX) gene has been linked to T2D susceptibility. Methods: The study included 69,272 participants after excluding those from arsenic‐polluted areas and those with incomplete data. Logistic regression models were used for analyses. Results: The analyses revealed that the CT genotype of rs1111875 was associated with an increased risk of diabetes (OR = 1.092, 95% CI = 1.030–1.157, P = 0.003), as was the TT genotype (OR = 1.280, 95% CI = 1.165–1.407, P < 0.001). The effect was more pronounced in women (CT: OR = 1.118, 95% CI = 1.036–1.207, P = 0.004; TT: OR = 1.404, 95% CI = 1.243–1.585, P < 0.001). Men exhibited a higher overall risk of diabetes (OR = 1.565, 95% CI = 1.445–1.694, P < 0.001) and had a higher prevalence (12.71% vs 7.80%, P < 0.001) compared to women. Conclusions: The findings underscore the importance of considering gender differences in genetic studies of diabetes and suggest that personalized diabetes management strategies should account for both genetic and gender‐specific risk factors. This research contributes to the broader understanding of genetic determinants of diabetes and their interaction with gender, aiming to enhance personalized healthcare strategies for diabetes prevention and treatment. This study investigated the gender‐specific genetic influence of the rs1111875 single nucleotide polymorphism on diabetes risk in the Taiwanese population using Taiwan Biobank data. The results showed that the CT and TT genotypes of rs1111875 were associated with an increased diabetes risk, with a stronger effect observed in women. The findings highlight the importance of considering both genetic and gender‐specific factors in personalized diabetes management strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a novel solution for the radially FGM cylinder subjected to thermo-mechanical shock. By discretizing the state space equation in the spatial domain and applying the time marching technique based on central difference, a semi-analytical solution to the thermoelastic dynamic behavior of cylinders is developed. The proposed solution technique has two advantages, one is suitable for the arbitrariness of material properties varying in the radial direction, and the other is applicable to different boundary conditions. Numerical examples for the cylinders with different graded material properties and two different boundary conditions are examined. The obtained results not only verify the correctness and effectiveness of the present solution, but also demonstrate the flexibility of the present method. The influences of gradient functions and boundary conditions on dynamic behavior are clearly displayed. The solution method is convenient and practical, which may help to freely select the gradient function for the design of FGM cylinders under various conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the clinical significance of dynamic monitoring ecotropic virus integration site-1 (EVI1) expression in childhood acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 113 pediatric AML patients of Wuhan Children's Hospital from 2014 to 2022. The correlation between EVI1 expression levels and clinical indicators including clinical characteristics, first complete remission (CR1), relapse, and overall survival (OS) was analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was carried out to comprehend the influence of EVI1 expression on relapse. Results: A total of 78 AML children with EVI1 expression at initial diagnosis were eligible, divided into EVI1-positive (EVI1high) and EVI1-negative (EVI1low) groups. FAB classification (P = 0.047) and abnormal karyotype (P = 0.009) showed significant differences between the two groups. The proportion of EVI1high in individuals with complex and/or monomeric karyotypes was significantly higher than in other cases (P = 0.032). When completing the first induction therapy, the EVI1high group showed a significantly lower CR1 rate than the EVI1low group (P = 0.015). Among 51 cases with EVI1 expression dynamically monitored, those with EVI1 overexpression more than twice had significantly shorter OS (P < 0.05). Among 19 non-HSCT patients undergoing three EVI1 assessments during induction therapy, those with EVI1 overexpression over once had higher relapse rates (P = 0.045). In addition, EVI1 expression level ≥ 83.38% significantly predicted relapse (AUC = 0.833). Conclusion: Aberrantly high expression of EVI1 in pediatric AML was associated with poor prognosis. Continuous and dynamic monitoring of EVI1 expression promotes prognostic evaluation. We add some insights into the impact of EVI1 on the AML patients' OS and survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Insurance penetration rate in Malaysia is low at only between 40% and 50%. Following the government's policy goal of increasing the rate, this study examined metafrontier Malmquist productivity index (MMPI) and drivers of the MMPI among Malaysian insurers. Over the 2009–2017 period, general insurers and life insurers were technology leaders. General insurers had progressive productivity (MMPI) on average, whereas the MMPI values of the life and general insurers and life insurers were in deterioration. Overall, long-term strategic planning and capital investment alongside government's liberalization to increase competition in the industry are thus necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates how economic globalization, innovations in environment-related technology, shifts in industrial structure, and GDP collectively influence the ecological footprint of the top 10 Asian countries known for technological innovation from 1999 to 2018. Results show that economic globalization, industrial structure change, and GDP are important determinants of ecological footprint. Greater economic globalization and GDP growth harm the environment and require more resources. However, industrial structure change toward services ameliorates environment pressure. Uni-directional causality was established from globalization to ecological footprint, from ecological footprint to industrial structure change, and from GDP to industrial structure change. In addition, bidirectional causalities were also confirmed: between GDP and ecological footprint, between GDP and environment-related technology innovation, between economic globalization and GDP, and between environment-related technology innovation and ecological footprint. Finally, this study recommends that governments should enhance technological innovation, encourage industrial structure change towards high-value-added service industries, and use low-carbon energy in the pursuit of globalization. These results have notable implications for energy policy and economic sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of sulforaphane and the role of the Nrf2-Keap1/HO-1/ROS pathway in AngII-induced oxidative stress in podocyte injury. Mouse mpc5 podocytes were divided into four groups: control (Con), AngII, AngII + sulforaphane (AngII + SFN), and control + sulforaphane (Con + SFN). Western blotting was used to detect protein expression of Nrf2-Keap1, antioxidant enzyme HO-1, and apoptosis-related proteins. ROS levels were measured using a ROS assay kit, and cell survival and viability were assayed using the CCK-8 kit. Molecular interactions between Nrf2 and sulforaphane were analyzed computationally. Compared with the Con group, podocytes treated with AngII alone exhibited inhibited proliferation, reduced cell viability, lower Bcl-2 expression, and higher cleaved caspase 3 expression. In the presence of sulforaphane, AngII group showed a mild inhibition on podocyte proliferation but did not induce the aforementioned changes in Bcl-2 and cleaved caspase 3 expression. Similarly, compared to the Con group, AngII treatment alone had lower Nrf2 expression and higher Keap1 expression in podocytes, accompanied by a significant decrease in ROS content. However, in the presence of sulforaphane, AngII failed to induce increases in Nrf2 and a decrease in Keap1 expression, as well as ROS levels. Furthermore, cells treated with sulforaphane exhibited higher HO-1 levels than control cells, and co-incubation with AngII did not alter HO-1 levels. Computational modeling revealed hydrophobic interactions between sulforaphane and the amino acid LYS-462 of Nrf2, as well as hydrogen bonding with amino acid HIS-465. The binding score between sulforaphane and Nrf2 was −4.7. Sulforaphane alleviated AngII-induced podocyte oxidative stress injury via the Nrf2-Keap1/HO-1/ROS pathway, providing new insights into therapeutic compounds for mitigating chronic kidney disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is focused on the corrosion behavior of carbon steel A106 B in a static water environment, which simulated the decommissioning transition phase of BWR power plants. When the autoclave was filled with stagnant water, the corrosion rates of carbon steel pipe for the cold-drawn and hot-rolled samples were 23 μm/year and 19 μm/year, respectively. When the autoclave was not completely filled with water, leaving the samples fully submerged, the corrosion rate for the hot-rolled sample increased to 88 μm/year. In an autoclave with periodic water flow, the corrosion rate for the cold-drawn sample decreased to 11 μm/year. When the autoclave was not completely filled with water, the sample positioned at the air–water interface exhibited the highest corrosion rate of approximately 102 μm/year. These results indicate that the influence of ion concentration on the corrosion rate outweighed that of dissolved oxygen. Sufficient oxygen concentration facilitated the formation of FeOOH or Fe2O3, while an oxygen-deficient environment favored the formation of Fe3O4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the effects of trees on the acoustic and thermal environment in addition to people's responses to trees in different contexts. Through field measurements conducted during the summer of 2023 at the campus of the Southwest University of Science and Technology in Mianyang, residents' neutral points were locally found to be 52.2 dBA (acoustic) and 23.8 °C (thermal). Further, at their maximum, the trees were able to reduce heat stress by 4 °C (indicated by the physiologically equivalent temperature—PET) and the noise level by 10 dBA (indicated by the A-weighted sound pressure—LAeq); this was achieved by trees with a crown diameter of 20 m. Subjective acoustic and thermal responses varied depending on the context. Acoustically, their neutral LAeq values toward the sounds of traffic, teaching, sports, and daily life were 46.9, 52.5, 51.0, and 52.7 dBA, respectively. Thermally, pedestrians' neutral PET values were 24.2, 26.1, 22.3, and 25.1 °C, respectively, under the same conditions. These phenomena might be a consequence of the effects of sound frequencies. Future urban forestry research should focus on planting for environmental quality improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Levels of biological thiols, or "biothiols," in mitochondria can be used to assess environmental and biological oxidative stress, which can cause health issues such as malignant tumors and neurological diseases. Here, we review fluorescent probes for detecting biothiols, targeting mitochondria, and emitting red and near-infrared light, with focus on nitrogen cation and oxonium ion units as mitochondrial biomarkers. Red-emitting and near-infrared fluorescent probes for detecting biothiols are classified according to the way they target mitochondria. We present the structure, fluorescence behavior, and biological imaging of the probes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this first annual review article, the American Society for Apheresis (ASFA) Attending Physician Subcommittee (APSc) of the Physicians' Committee (PC) curated key apheresis literature in 2023 and presented their choices for the 10 most seminal apheresis articles. PubMed and OVID search engines were used to identify manuscripts from four topic areas: donor apheresis, therapeutic apheresis, education, and cellular therapy. To further identify seminal criteria, they had to present at least one of the following: novel findings, practice‐altering outcomes, international scope, randomized controlled trial, relevant to current clinical practice, and/or provide evidence for category III or IV indications based on the ASFA ninth special issue of the Guidelines on the Use of Therapeutic Apheresis in Clinical Practice‐Evidence‐Based Approach. Inclusion criteria included: full‐length, peer‐reviewed, English language, and human subjects. Case reports, review articles, and meta‐analyses were excluded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Essential oils (EOs), regarded as secondary metabolites from plants, possess effective antibacterial properties. This study investigates the antibacterial efficacy of seven citrus EOs against six spoilage bacteria: Vibrio parahaemolyticus, V. harveyi, Photobacterium damselae, Shewanella putrefaciens, Carnobacterium divergens, and Lactobacillus pentosus. The antibacterial activity of these EOs was evaluated using solid- and vapor-phase applications. All tested EOs demonstrated effective antibacterial activity at a concentration of 294 μL/L against Gram-negative bacteria. Notably, lemon and orange EOs exhibited dose-dependent inhibition in both solid- and vapor-phase applications, with minimum effective concentrations ranging from 29.4 to 58.8 μL/L. Following treatment with lemon and orange EOs for 6 h at 1/4 minimum inhibitory concentration, leakage of intracellular DNA and proteins was observed, indicating damage to the cell membrane/wall. Proteomic analysis revealed distinct mechanisms: lemon EO impaired bacterial antioxidant defenses, while orange EO disrupted cell division, leading to reduced bacterial viability. These findings provide valuable insights into the potential of different EO application forms in controlling spoilage bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fruit volatiles play a crucial role in the host localization by the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel (Diptera: Tephritidae). This study focused on identifying the fruit volatiles from Sanyue plum and Sanhua plum (Prunus salicina Lindl.), which are 2 varieties of the same species, and examined their impact on the behavior of B. dorsalis by using a Y-olfactometer. A total of 35 and 54 volatiles from Sanyue plum and Sanhua plum were identified, respectively. Among these, 23 volatiles elicited electroantennographic (EAG) responses by B. dorsalis adults, showing concentration-dependent effects in males and females. Ethyl butyrate, butyl acetate, butyl hexanoate, ethyl caproate, ethyl hexanoate, and hexyl acetate significantly attracted B. dorsalis compared to liquid paraffin, while nonaldehyde was avoided. There was no significant difference in the behavioral responses of both sexes to sorbitol esters, hexyl isobutyrate, and 1-tetradecene compared with the control liquid paraffin group. Interestingly, (3 Z)-C-3-hexenyl acetate significantly attracted females, but not males. The above findings suggest that plum fruit volatiles are likely to facilitate the localization of host fruit by B. dorsalis adults and may even aid in mate-finding. This study opens up new avenues for exploring novel plant-based attractants that might be of value for the integrated management of B. dorsalis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examine the association between environmental, social, and governance (ESG) and firm performance, taking into account the influence of power distance (PD) cultural orientation among 38 leading technology‐driven global companies between 2017 and 2021. First, we establish an internal network structure through a chance‐constrained network data envelopment analysis (NDEA) model to analyze the R&D investment and eco‐business efficiencies of our sample companies. Among the average DEA score results, eco‐business efficiencies performed better with after COVID‐19 than R&D investment performance. Second, we conduct a truncated regression analysis and find that PD positively (negatively) moderates the impact of social (environmental and governance) factors on R&D investment efficiency (eco‐business efficiency). Overall, we highlight strategic ESG toward their sustainability business success and underline the specific NDEA application in assessing the efficiencies of innovative industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Temperature is a key factor regulating the survival, reproduction and population growth of insects. We studied performance traits of Chilo infuscatellus Snellen (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), a serious sugarcane borer in Asia, at constant rearing temperatures (19, 23, 27, 31, and 35℃). Our results revealed that the developmental time of immature stages and adult lifespans decreased and fecundity increased at higher temperatures. Extreme temperature treatments (19 and 35 °C) reduced the survival rate of C. infuscatellus. The survival rate and fecundity of C. infuscatellus were high at 27 °C, suggesting it being a favourable temperature, at which we further explored their reproductive traits. We found that eclosion, mating, and oviposition all occurred during the scotophase, and the duration of the mating behaviour of most pairs lasted for 20–50 min. The results will provide important information of this sugarcane borer in relation to seasonal and global climate changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Stent dislodgement is a rare but particularly challenging complication. However, current treatment strategies are suboptimal. Objective: This study sought to preliminarily assess the feasibility of a novel self-expanding basket (SEB) catheter to successfully retrieve dislodged stent during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Method: The novel SEB catheter is designed as a self-expanding basket tip made of superelastic shape nitinol memory alloy, which could automatically expand to tightly wrap and flatten the deformed struts regardless of whether the stent come off the guidewire. Consecutive patients with coronary artery disease who experienced stent dislodgement during PCI were included. The primary outcome was procedure success defined as completely removing the stent without surgical incision of blood vessels, or hemostatic forceps, or injury of access vessels. Results: From May 2020 to May 2023, a total of 6 patients encountering stent dislodgment were enrolled. Five presented as stent dislodgment with the guidewire in situ and the rest one as total stent and guidewire loss. Successful retrieving of dislodged stent with SEB catheter was achieved in 100% (6 of 6) subjects. After retracting lost stent, 5 of 6 patients received new stent implantation, and one only underwent balloon angioplasty with acceptable imaging results. No safety events were observed. Conclusions: This preliminary report of the novel stent retrieving device presents favorable efficacy and safety profile. Further multicenter study is required to confirm these findings. Clinical trial number: Not applicable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Decision-making quality is a concern for the public sector because its decisions may involve more dimensions than those faced by the private sector. However, past studies on public sector efficiency have ignored the uncertainty of data estimation. This study addresses this shortcoming by proposing a chance-constrained network DEA approach based on an enhanced Russell-based directional distance measure that evaluates public sector performance. The proposed approach uses stochastic inputs and outputs to enhance decision-making quality and capacity in the public sector. The usefulness of this approach is demonstrated through an empirical case of the OECD. Our approach also provides practical suggestions for promoting a green economic transformation and serves as a reference for government policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the life cycle of the oriental fruit fly where larvae reside within fruits and adults exhibit high activity, the pupal stage occurs in the soil, closely tied to agricultural soil management. This study investigates the impact of four variables (body orientation, burial depth, soil particle size, and pH) on Bactrocera dorsalis’ physiological preferences, eclosion rates, and pupal stage duration. Notably, body orientation, burial depth, soil texture (particle size), and pH affect eclosion rates. The fruit fly demonstrates a preference for a supine position during eclosion, with average eclosion rates of 97.33%, contrasting with decreases to 78.00% in a head-down position. Soil with mixed particle sizes is detrimental to pupal eclosion, reducing the eclosion rate to 56.67%. And at a pH of 9.98, eclosion rates decrease to 16.67%. These factors significantly influence eclosion rates However, these factors do not significantly alter the duration of the pupal stage, with mean changes not exceeding one day when experimental conditions are modified. These findings suggests that soil manipulations affecting these variables could reduce eclosion rates without compromising the uniformity of adult emergence. This study provides a foundation for environmentally friendly pest control practices and addresses gaps in the pupal stage research of the oriental fruit fly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the simplicity and widespread use of conventional (untreated) Zn foil as a benchmark, conventional Zn foil continues to be the most common anode material in the research of zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs). However, there has been little focus on the inherent structure of the zinc foil itself. The traditional Zn anode has uneven rough surfaces that can lead to nonuniform charge distribution and hinder nucleation, thereby triggering the "tip effect" that can induce the formation of adverse dendrites. In this study, the conventional Zn foil was examined using simple pretreatments such as mechanical polishing and chemical etching that have the potential to substantially improve the electrochemical properties. Compared with bare Zn (b-Zn) and polished Zn (p-Zn), chemically etched Zn (e-Zn) sustained a remarkable life cycle of up to 5000 cycles with ∼71% cycling retention at a high current density of 5 A g−1 using V2O5·nH2O as a cathode material. Besides, the e-Zn‖e-Zn symmetric cell exhibited excellent cycling stability over 300 cycles at a high current density of 10 mA cm−2 with better inhibiting hydrogen production during Zn stripping/plating. Moreover, advanced characterizations such as in situ transmission X-ray microscopy (TXM) and ex situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) have been employed to gain insight into the early stages of Zn dendrite formation on Zn foils in mild acidic aqueous electrolytes during the plating/stripping processes. This superior performance of the e-Zn is attributed to its unique 3D structure that effectively accommodates Zn dendrites, as confirmed by XRD and EBSD analyses, which reveal Zn deposition along the (002) plane with lower surface energy as compared with other planes. This approach provides a straightforward and industrially scalable method for expanding ZIB utilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lanthanide‐based upconversion molecular complexes have potential application in diverse fields and attracted considerable research interest in recent years. However, the similar coordination reactivity of lanthanide ions has constrained the designability of target molecule with well‐defined structure, and many attempts obtained statistical mixtures. Herein, an ion‐paired Yb−Eu heteronuclear complex [Eu(TpPy)2][Yb(ND)4] (TpPy=tris[3‐(2‐pyridyl)pyrazolyl]hydroborate, ND=3‐cyano‐2‐methyl‐1,5‐naphthyridin‐4‐olate) was designed and synthesized. Thanks to the radius difference between Eu3+ (1.07 Å) and Yb3+ (0.98 Å) ions, the hexadentate TpPy ligand was selected to coordinate with Eu3+ and the Yb3+ with a smaller radius was chelated by bidentate ND ligand. As a result, the sites of Eu3+ and Yb3+ in the complex can be clarified by high‐resolution mass spectrometry and single‐crystal structure analysis. Upon the excitation of Yb3+ at 980 nm, the upconversion emission of Eu3+ was realized through a cooperative sensitization process. Furthermore, [Eu(TpPy)2][Yb(ND)4] demonstrated excellent photostability during continuous high‐power density 980 nm laser irradiation, with a LT95 (the time to 95 % of the initial emission intensity) of 420 minutes. This work provides the first example of a pure ion‐paired Yb−Eu heteronuclear complex upconversion system and may bring insights into rational design of lanthanide‐based upconversion molecular complexes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lanthanide‐based upconversion molecular complexes have potential application in diverse fields and attracted considerable research interest in recent years. However, the similar coordination reactivity of lanthanide ions has constrained the designability of target molecule with well‐defined structure, and many attempts obtained statistical mixtures. Herein, an ion‐paired Yb−Eu heteronuclear complex [Eu(TpPy)2][Yb(ND)4] (TpPy=tris[3‐(2‐pyridyl)pyrazolyl]hydroborate, ND=3‐cyano‐2‐methyl‐1,5‐naphthyridin‐4‐olate) was designed and synthesized. Thanks to the radius difference between Eu3+ (1.07 Å) and Yb3+ (0.98 Å) ions, the hexadentate TpPy ligand was selected to coordinate with Eu3+ and the Yb3+ with a smaller radius was chelated by bidentate ND ligand. As a result, the sites of Eu3+ and Yb3+ in the complex can be clarified by high‐resolution mass spectrometry and single‐crystal structure analysis. Upon the excitation of Yb3+ at 980 nm, the upconversion emission of Eu3+ was realized through a cooperative sensitization process. Furthermore, [Eu(TpPy)2][Yb(ND)4] demonstrated excellent photostability during continuous high‐power density 980 nm laser irradiation, with a LT95 (the time to 95 % of the initial emission intensity) of 420 minutes. This work provides the first example of a pure ion‐paired Yb−Eu heteronuclear complex upconversion system and may bring insights into rational design of lanthanide‐based upconversion molecular complexes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electron spins in silicon quantum dots are a promising platform for fault-tolerant quantum computing. Low-frequency noise, including nuclear spin fluctuations and charge noise, is a primary factor limiting gate fidelities. Suppressing this noise is crucial for high-fidelity qubit operations. Here, we report on a two-qubit quantum device in natural silicon with universal qubit control, designed to investigate the upper limits of gate fidelities in a non-purified Si/SiGe quantum dot device. By employing advanced device structures, qubit manipulation techniques, and optimization methods, we have achieved single-qubit gate fidelities exceeding 99% and a two-qubit controlled-Z (CZ) gate fidelity of 91%. Decoupled CZ gates are used to prepare Bell states with an average fidelity of 91%, typically exceeding previously reported values in natural silicon devices. These results underscore that even natural silicon has the potential to achieve high-fidelity gate operations, particularly with further optimization methods to suppress low-frequency noise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Evidence from observational studies suggests that increased calcium exposure may elevate the risk of adverse events in patients with coronary artery disease, while magnesium may exert a protective effect on disease risk. However, there have been limited investigations into the relationship between these minerals and acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Therefore, this study aimed to explore the association between the Serum calcium-magnesium ratio (Ca/Mg ratio) in patients with acute coronary syndrome and their clinical outcomes. Methods: This retrospective analysis reviewed the clinical data of 1,775 patients with ACS who underwent coronary angiography and/or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) at the Fujian Heart Center between May 2017 and December 2022. The patients were categorized into four groups based on their Ca/Mg ratio at admission (Group 1, ≤2.373, n = 443; Group 2, 2.374–2.517, n = 442; Group 3, 2.518–2.675, n = 446; Group 4, ≥2.676, n = 444). Single-factor analysis and multivariate logistic regression were employed to analyze the clinical characteristics and postoperative clinical outcomes of patients in different groups. The primary outcome included major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs), while the secondary outcomes included contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN)、all-cause rehospitalization raten and hematorrhea. Results: Univariate analysis showed that the patients had a mean age of 64.50±10.79 years, with 370 female patients (20.8%). Additionally, 1,158 patients had hypertension (65.2%), and 710 patients had diabetes (40.5%). Univariate analysis showed an inverse relationship between the serum calcium-to-magnesium ratio and all-cause in-hospital mortality, with patients in the lowest quartile having the highest mortality rate. Multivariate analysis showed that the Ca/Mg ratio at admission was independently associated with MACCEs. Among them, this ratio was inversely associated with all-cause mortality [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0.07; 95% CI 0.01–0.63; P<0.05] and positively associated with new-onset atrial fibrillation (aOR 1.86; 95% CI 1.08–3.21; P<0.05). Additionally, the Ca/Mg ratio was positively correlated with an increased risk of postoperative major bleeding (aOR 6.58; 95% CI 1.43–30.29; P<0.05). Conclusion: In this large retrospective study, serum calcium and magnesium levels at admission were significantly associated with adverse outcomes in patients with ACS. The Ca/Mg ratio was identified as a reliable predictor of poor prognosis in ACS patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Glenea cantor (Fabricius) is an important forest pest that mainly attacks kapok trees, breaking down cellulose and lignin through 3 enzyme activities: endoglucanase, filter paper enzyme, and cellobiase. In this study, we unveiled the cloning and expression of 10 endoglucanase genes, GcEGase5A1 , GcEGase5A2 , GcEGaseZ2 , GcEGaseZ3 , GcEGaseZ4 , GcEGaseZ5 , GcEGaseZ7 , GcEGaseZ8 , GcEGaseZ9 , and Cellulase , all of which exhibit enzymatic activities in G. cantor. These findings indicated that Cellulase shares sequence homology with beetle GHF45, whereas the other 9 endoglucanase genes are homologous to beetle GHF5. GcEGaseZ4 presented the highest expression in the foregut. In contrast, GcEGase5A2 and Cellulase presented peak expression in the midgut. Furthermore, GcEGaseZ7 was identified as the most highly expressed endoglucanase in the hindgut. Functional assays confirmed the ability of GcEGaseZ7 and Cellulase to degrade cellulose, and their cellulase activities were 75.57 ± 1.21 U/mg and 344.79 ± 6.91 U/mg, respectively. These results enhance our understanding of the complex cellulase system in insects and provide insights into the efficient digestion of cellulosic materials by wood-consuming insects. This research also has potential applications in bioenergy production and the development of biomaterials from lignocellulosic biomass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have had a long-standing interest in developing organic prodrugs for controlled delivery of CO for various therapeutic applications. Based on an earlier approach of taking advantage of a cheletropic extrusion reaction of norbornadienone to release CO, a new structural scaffold of CO prodrugs has been designed using an adamantane moiety instead of aryl groups for stabilizing a critical precursor structure, cyclopentadienone. This approach allows for elimination of multiple aromatic groups on the previous scaffolds and offers a handle for installing additional moieties for improving solubility. Specifically, prodrugs with different solubilizing groups have been synthesized and assessed for their water solubility and potency in inhibiting inflammation using TNF-α as a marker. In cell-culture studies, varying potency was observed in a fashion consistent with the polarity of a prodrug being a key factor affecting membrane permeability and thus the local concentration of CO intracellularly. However, these prodrugs all offer systemic availability of CO in animal models even if the prodrug does not appear to have the ability to traverse cellular membrane. Such results suggest that member permeability is not a major factor in determining the ability to deliver CO systemically. Further, caution is needed in directly extrapolating results from cell culture to animal models, especially for such a gaseous active principal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examine whether and how research and development (R&D) mediates the association between environmental, social, and governance (ESG) pillars and corporate efficiency among companies within the supply chain of Microsoft Corporation from 2012 to 2020. An estimation of corporate efficiency using data envelopment analysis (DEA) indicates that companies should first improve their innovational efficiency (mean DEA score = 0.371), then operational efficiency (mean DEA score = 0.659), and finally profitability efficiency (mean DEA score = 0.695). Moreover, a mediation analysis confirms the mediating role of R&D intensity. Overall, R&D should be one of the spotlights in the supply chain amidst the highlights on ESG in this dynamic and challenging business world for companies to achieve sustainable development goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective/Main Outcome To study the expression of OX40 on T follicular helper (Tfh) cells and the ligand OX40L on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in peripheral blood of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and the role of OX40 signaling in promoting Tfh cells to assist B-cell differentiation. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Endocrinology department of a university hospital. Participants Twenty-five patients with T1DM and 35 with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) from January 2021 to December 2021 (39 males, 21 females; mean age: 31.0 ± 4.5, range: 19-46 years). Interventions None. Methods The peripheral blood proportion of CD4+CD25−CD127+CXCR5+PD1+ Tfh cells in patients with T1DM or T2DM and the OX40L expression in CD14+ monocytes and CD19+ B cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. The OX40 signal effect on Tfh-cell function was analyzed by coincubating B cells with Tfh cells under different conditions. Flow cytometry detected the ratio of CD19−CD138+ plasmacytes. Results The Tfh cells ratio and intracellular IL-21 expression in peripheral blood was significantly higher in patients with T1DM than with T2DM, and the OX40 expression in peripheral Tfh cells and OX40L expression in APC were significantly higher in T1DM. After adding OX40L protein, the CD19−CD138+-plasmacytes percentage was significantly increased and higher in T1DM. Blocking of anti-OX40L monoclonal antibodies significantly reduced the plasmacytes ratio. Conclusion The peripheral Tfh cells proportion increased and the OX40 expression in peripheral Tfh cells was upregulated in patients with T1DM vs patients with T2DM. OX40/OX40L signaling enhanced the Tfh-cell function to assist B-cell differentiation, which may contribute to the pathogenesis of T1DM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Xiao–Jian–Zhong–Tang (XJZT) has the effect of warming the middle and tonifying the deficiency, easing the urgency and relieving pain according to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), and is able to treat spleen deficiency type chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG). Metabolites of TCM in cecum contents are common metabolites of intestinal bacteria and hosts, which can reflect the metabolic status in disease states. The present work was performed to study the effect of XJZT against CAG coupled with the cecal metabolites analysis and bioinformatics. A total of nine prototypical components and 144 metabolites were firstly identified in the cecum metabolites of XJZT using ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography added to the quadrupole‐time of flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐Q‐TOF/MS), which underwent the metabolism of oxidation, reduction, methylation, and glucuronic acid reaction Furthermore, different prototypical compounds might metabolize into identical metabolites in the presence of intestinal flora. Bioinformatics was further used to correlate these metabolites with the disease and intestinal flora. Components and targets were screened by Cytoscape, and molecular docking of key targets and core components showed good binding ability. This study provided important information for exploring the mechanism of TCM formulae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although environmental, social, and governance (ESG) have been recognized for its overall impact on firm efficiency, research on the effects of the three main and multiple sub elements of ESG, especially in the airline industry, has been lacking. Thus, we analyze the impacts of overall ESG, its three main elements, and each sub elements of ESG on the firm efficiency of 29 suppliers, partners, and customers of Japan Airlines over the period of 2013–2022. First, we employ a two‐stage hierarchical network data envelopment analysis (DEA) technique that assesses the interrelationships and interdependencies among the supply chain players in contributing toward achieving their respective operating and profitability efficiencies. Second, we run ordinary least squares regression analyses with 5000 bootstrap replications and determine that overall ESG and its three main elements are positively linked with firm efficiencies. The sub elements of ESG have different impacts on firm efficiencies. That is, resource use and environmental innovation under the Environmental element and human rights and product responsibility under the Social element show significantly positive associations with firm efficiencies. All Governance sub elements positively affect firm efficiencies. The outcomes of this study will be valuable for managers at Japan Airlines and other policymakers within its supply chain because it highlights the importance of focusing on the three main and sub elements of ESG and employing the accurate firm efficiency measurement method when interrelationships and interdependencies of decision‐making units exist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Radioactive iodine from nuclear waste poses a major threat to public safety due to its toxicity and long half-life. The capture and storage of radioactive iodine remains a major challenge. The incorporation of electron-rich heterocycles into the adsorbents could increase the adsorption capacity for iodine due to their strong interaction. In this study, three novel spiro-thioketal-based porous organic polymers, POPSP-1–3, were synthesized in excellent yields by a thiol-aldehyde polycondensation reaction. The polymers of POPSPs were thoroughly characterized using FT-IR, 13C-NMR, BET, and PXRD techniques. These analyses revealed that the polymers are amorphous in nature and have a low surface area. The iodine uptake capacities of POPSP-1, POPSP-2, and POPSP-3 were measured to be 4.13, 5.25, and 5.65 g g−1, respectively, at a temperature of 75 °C due to the increased density of the adsorption sites. Furthermore, the POPSPs exhibit exceptional adsorption performance in iodine/n-hexane solution and their effectiveness in removing iodine is excellent. This work provides a novel approach for the development of sulfur-rich porous organic polymers (POPs) as effective adsorbents for iodine capture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article published in the New Phytologist on October 15, 2024, explores the impact of OsPHO1;2 rice mutants on grain-filling defects. The study reveals that OsPHO1;2 plays a crucial role in transferring phosphate from maternal to filial tissues in developing seeds, affecting grain quality and yield. The research suggests that the grain-filling defects in Ospho1;2 mutants are primarily due to impaired phosphate unloading from maternal tissues, challenging previous models proposed by other studies. Reciprocal crosses between Ospho1;2 mutants and wild-type rice further confirm the maternal effect contributing to the observed grain defects. [Extracted from the article]

Background & aims: The benefit of postoperative adjuvant transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (pTACE) for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), especially those with Child-Pugh (CP) B, remains controversial. This study aimed to assess the survival benefit of pTACE for HCC patients with CP B. Methods: Data from 297 HCC patients with CP B7 or B8 were analyzed, dividing them into groups with and without pTACE (70, 23.6% vs. 227, 76.4%). Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to control for confounding bias, and competing-risk regression was applied to address bias from non-cancer-specific death (NCSD). Results: Preliminary findings suggest that pTACE did not increase the incidence of severe complications in HCC patients with CP B7 or B8. Survival analysis indicated that the group receiving pTACE had better overall survival and recurrence-free survival than the group without pTACE after PSM. Furthermore, competitive risk analysis revealed that pTACE was an independent prognostic factor associated with reduced cancer-specific death incidence (subdistribution hazard ratio [SHR] 0.644, 95%CI: 0.378–0.784, P = 0.011) and recurrence (SHR 0.635, 95% CI: 0.379–0.855, P = 0.001). Importantly, pTACE did not increase NCSD. Subgroup analysis corroborated these results. Conclusion: Adjuvant TACE demonstrates the potential to significantly enhance the long-term prognosis of HCC patients with CP B7 or B8 following hepatectomy, particularly those with multiple tumors, large tumor size, macrovascular or microvascular invasion, and narrow resection margin. Hence, pTACE should be considered for patients at high risk of recurrence following thorough evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study integrated multiple objective decision-making approaches including data envelopment analysis (DEA), rough set theory and TOPSIS method for exploring the competitiveness of pharmaceutical multinational enterprises. Firstly, this study applied an advanced two-stage network DEA to measure the R&D efficiency and business performance of pharmaceutical multinational enterprises (PMNEs) listed in the Forbes Global 2000 and ranked these PMNEs by using rough set theory, DEA and TOPSIS method. In addition, differences in environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance across three continents were investigated. Findings show that North America is significantly the best (worst) region in terms of business performance (R&D efficiency) while Europe is significantly the best (worst) region in terms of R&D efficiency (business performance). Alfresa Holdings Corporation, a PMNE from Japan, is the only PMNE that is efficient from both an R&D and business performance perspective. European PMNEs have significantly better environmental and social performance than other regions, however, they have the worst governance performance. Overall, this study provides insights to managers and investors into the application of various methods for accurately measuring performance and ranking multinational enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]