29 results on '"La Nasa, Jacopo"'
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2. Wall Drawing #736: Revealing Sol LeWitt's Ink Mural Technique Using a Multi-Analytical Approach.
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Ferretti, Adele, Degano, Ilaria, Filomena, Marta, La Nasa, Jacopo, Campanella, Beatrice, Legnaioli, Stefano, Penoni, Sara, Pintus, Renata, Todaro, Cristiana, and Modugno, Francesca
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BUTYL methacrylate ,VINYL acetate ,HIGH performance liquid chromatography ,PARAFFIN wax ,LINSEED oil - Abstract
Sol LeWitt, a pioneer of conceptual art, created during his career over 1350 wall drawings, including the Wall Drawing #736 (1993) at the Center for Contemporary Art Luigi Pecci in Prato (Prato, Italy). The painting, executed by Andrea Marescalchi and Antony Sansotta under LeWitt's instructions, features a grid of coloured rectangles obtained by overlapping different layers of inks. During a 2021 restoration by the Wall Paintings and Stuccoes Department of the Opificio delle Pietre Dure (Firenze, Italy), an in-depth investigation of the composition and the materials used by LeWitt's assistants in producing Wall Drawing #736 was performed. A multi-analytical approach entailing Raman spectroscopy, high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to diode array and high-resolution mass spectrometry, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), and pyrolysis coupled with GC–MS was applied. Our results revealed the use of animal glue, shellac resin, paraffin wax, linseed oil, and various organic pigments. The binder in the preparation layer was identified as poly(vinyl acetate), while poly(n-butyl methacrylate) was determined as a fixative. This research provided valuable insights into LeWitt's techniques. The acquired knowledge on the paint technique is highly relevant in supporting conservators in restoration and consolidating the many wall drawings produced exploiting the same technique all over the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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3. Identifying the original function of vessels deposited in Lusatian Urnfield burials: the case of the Czernikowice cemetery (Poland).
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Łaciak, Dagmara, Stolarczyk, Tomasz, Ribechini, Erika, La Nasa, Jacopo, and Łucejko, Jeannette J.
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Copyright of Praehistorische Zeitschrift is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2023
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4. Fluorescent Paints in Contemporary Murals: A Case Study.
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Sabatini, Francesca, La Nasa, Jacopo, Degano, Ilaria, Campanella, Beatrice, Legnaioli, Stefano, Saccani, Ilaria, and Modugno, Francesca
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MURAL art ,SERS spectroscopy ,PYROLYSIS gas chromatography ,HIGH performance liquid chromatography ,STREET art ,ART history - Abstract
Recently, a notable change has occurred in how street art murals are perceived by art history and the general public, with a growing recognition of their social and cultural significance and a new focus on preserving the most representative modern urban murals for future generations. An interesting case study is constituted by the "UBUNTU" mural (Ivan Pontevia and Daniele Castagnetti, Reggio Emilia, 2018), whose appearance has radically changed in a few years. Indeed, the intense and direct exposure to sunlight as well as the environmental and polluting agents have induced the bleaching and fading of the original highly fluorescent hues. To investigate the degradation processes that are occurring, five micro-samples were collected from different fluorescent-coloured areas and analysed by a combined approach based on µ-Raman and Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS), High Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with Diode Array Detector and mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD and HPLC-MS), and Pyrolysis Gas Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometry (Py-GC-MS). The analytical protocol applied allowed us to disclose the painting materials used by the artist and fully characterise the ageing phenomena occurring in the mural that are possibly responsible for its colour ephemerality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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5. The role of early synthetic materials degradation in the downfall of the Ansaldo A.1, an Italian World War I biplane fighter.
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La Nasa, Jacopo, Ceccarini, Alessio, Ducoli, Riccardo, Manariti, Antonella, Lucejko, Jeanette J., Degano, Ilaria, Capra, Neva, Giovannini, Lucia, Tomasi, Maria Luisa, Modugno, Francesca, Colombini, Maria Perla, and Bonaduce, Ilaria
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WORLD War I ,BIPLANES ,TECHNOLOGICAL innovations ,CHEMICAL synthesis ,INDUSTRIAL chemistry - Abstract
From the Pioneer Era of the aviation to World War I the evolution of aircraft technology and chemical synthesis enabled a unique coexistence of traditional craftsmanship, artistic decoration practices, and technological advancements. The study of the materials used in these early years of aviation is still an uncharted territory: a vast portion of remaining planes has been partially or completely repaired and restored, usually by total replacement of the fabric. The Italian biplane Ansaldo A.1 (1918) is a fighter aircraft and is one of the few planes in the world that still preserves its own original materials. In the last years, the fabric sections of the airplane have started to become brittle and loose cohesion, severely compromising the integrity of the aircraft, and resulting in a general alteration of the pictorial layers of the painted sections. A chemical investigation was undertaken to unveil the materials, and to elucidate the causes of the degradation. This study presents one of the first steps into the study of early historical aircrafts, defining the background for the conservation plans to preserve these objects for future generations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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6. Microplastic pollution in the sediments of interconnected lakebed, seabed, and seashore aquatic environments: polymer-specific total mass through the multianalytical "PISA" procedure.
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Corti, Andrea, La Nasa, Jacopo, Biale, Greta, Ceccarini, Alessio, Manariti, Antonella, Petri, Filippo, Modugno, Francesca, and Castelvetro, Valter
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PLASTIC marine debris ,PLASTIC scrap ,SEASHORE ,OCEAN bottom ,POLLUTION ,SEDIMENTS ,POLLUTANTS - Abstract
The total mass of individual synthetic polymers present as microplastic (MP < 2 mm) pollutants in the sediments of interconnected aquatic environments was determined adopting the Polymer Identification and Specific Analysis (PISA) procedure. The investigated area includes a coastal lakebed (Massaciuccoli), a coastal seabed (Serchio River estuarine), and a sandy beach (Lecciona), all within a natural park area in Tuscany (Italy). Polyolefins, poly(styrene) (PS), poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), polycarbonate (PC), poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), and the polyamides poly(caprolactame) (Nylon 6) and poly(hexamethylene adipamide) (Nylon 6,6) were fractionated and quantified through a sequence of selective solvent extractions followed by either analytical pyrolysis or reversed-phase HPLC analysis of the products of hydrolytic depolymerizations under acidic and alkaline conditions. The highest concentrations of polyolefins (highly degraded, up to 864 µg/kg of dry sediment) and PS (up to 1138 µg/kg) MPs were found in the beach dune sector, where larger plastic debris are not removed by the cyclic swash action and are thus prone to further aging and fragmentation. Surprisingly, low concentrations of less degraded polyolefins (around 30 µg/kg) were found throughout the transect zones of the beach. Positive correlation was found between polar polymers (PVC, PC) and phthalates, most likely absorbed from polluted environments. PET and nylons above their respective LOQ values were found in the lakebed and estuarine seabed hot spots. The pollution levels suggest a significant contribution from riverine and canalized surface waters collecting urban (treated) wastewaters and waters from Serchio River and the much larger Arno River aquifers, characterized by a high anthropogenic pressure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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7. Preserving the Ephemeral: A Micro-Invasive Study on a Set of Polyurethane Scenic Objects from the 1960s and 1970s.
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Costantini, Rosa, Nodari, Luca, La Nasa, Jacopo, Modugno, Francesca, Bonasera, Lucia, Rago, Sara, Zoleo, Alfonso, Legnaioli, Stefano, and Tomasin, Patrizia
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FOAM ,PYROLYSIS gas chromatography ,ATTENUATED total reflectance ,CHEMICAL processes ,REFLECTANCE spectroscopy ,POLYURETHANES - Abstract
Among the innovative materials used by 20th-century artists, polyurethane (PUR) has been shown to be highly unstable, and therefore artworks made of it are now in need of careful conservation strategies. This study presents a multi-analytical investigation of PUR foam scenic objects originally made between the 1960s and 1970s during the Italian Arte Viva movement. The main components in the foam and additives were characterized through micro attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy (μ-ATR-FTIR) and pyrolysis coupled with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). Painted samples were further investigated through μ-FTIR and Raman spectroscopy to define binders and pigments. The use of μ-ATR-FTIR in combination with evolved gas analysis-mass spectrometry (EGA-MS) allowed the variable conditions of the artworks to be assessed and attained some insights into the chemical processes responsible for aging. At the same time, morphological changes due to the degradation phenomena were recorded through optical (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The detailed characterization of the PUR foam and painting materials was helpful in attaining some insights into harmful environmental parameters for the artworks, thus informing preventive conservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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8. Extraction of proteins and residual oil from flax (Linum usitatissimum), camelina (Camelina sativa), and sunflower (Helianthus annuus) oilseed press cakes.
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Parodi, Elisabetta, La Nasa, Jacopo, Ribechini, Erika, Petri, Antonella, and Piccolo, Oreste
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The oilseed pressing process for the production of vegetable oils creates large amounts of cakes as by-products that contain high-added-value substances such as proteins and lipids. This work targets the chemical characterization of flax cake (FC), camelina cake (CC), and sunflower cake (SC) in order to evaluate the composition of proteins and residual oil, which are two of the main components, and to assess further technological applications of these biowastes. The use of a deep eutectic solvent (DES) was developed for protein extraction as a green alternative to conventional organic solvents. The lipid component, on the contrary, was extracted with n-hexane, which is typically used in oil industries. Several analytical techniques were used to characterize the cakes and the extracts (thermogravimetric analysis, attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis; HPLC-ESI-Q-TOF/MS). In general, proteins were extracted with DES and precipitated with water, obtaining a higher yield for FC and CC. An improvement in extraction was obtained by increasing the temperature of the treatment. Different acyl glycerides profiles were identified in the residual oils obtained by solvent extraction from the cakes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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9. Magic extraction: solid-phase extraction and analytical pyrolysis to study polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and polychlorinated biphenyls in freshwater.
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La Nasa, Jacopo, Biale, Greta, Modugno, Francesca, Ceccarini, Alessio, and Giannarelli, Stefania
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SOLID phase extraction ,PHTHALATE esters ,POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons ,POLYCHLORINATED biphenyls ,PERSISTENT pollutants ,THERMAL desorption ,PYROLYSIS ,FRESH water - Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls are commonly categorized as persistent organic pollutants. In order to analyze these pollutants, customized stationary phases are increasingly being developed and synthesized for solid-phase extraction. In this work, we tested a new solventless solid-phase extraction approach based on the use of a Magic Chemisorber® (Frontier Lab) which consists of a bead-covered polydimethylsiloxane stationary phase with a thickness of 500 µm. These devices are directly immersed into aqueous samples and then introduced into a pyrolysis–gas chromatography-mass spectrometry system equipped with a cryofocusing system for the thermal desorption and analysis of the adsorbed species. Our new method performs better than the most recent solid-phase extraction devices, with limits of detection lower than 2.7 ng/L and limits of quantification lower than 9.0 ng/L. The method was tested on standard compounds and on an environmental sample, showing the potential to characterize other chemical species besides the persistent organic pollutants, such as phthalate plasticizers and antioxidants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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10. New methodologies for the detection, identification, and quantification of microplastics and their environmental degradation by-products.
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Castelvetro, Valter, Corti, Andrea, Biale, Greta, Ceccarini, Alessio, Degano, Ilaria, La Nasa, Jacopo, Lomonaco, Tommaso, Manariti, Antonella, Manco, Enrico, Modugno, Francesca, and Vinciguerra, Virginia
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PLASTIC marine debris ,GAS chromatography/Mass spectrometry (GC-MS) ,MICROPLASTICS ,ENVIRONMENTAL degradation ,PLASTIC scrap ,HAZARDOUS substances ,MOLECULAR weights - Abstract
Sampling, separation, detection, and characterization of microplastics (MPs) dispersed in natural water bodies and ecosystems is a challenging and critical issue for a better understanding of the hazards for the environment posed by such nearly ubiquitous and still largely unknown form of pollution. There is still the need for exhaustive, reliable, accurate, reasonably fast, and cost-efficient analytical protocols allowing the quantification not only of MPs but also of nanoplastics (NPs) and of the harmful molecular pollutants that may result from degrading plastics. Here a set of newly developed analytical protocols, integrated with specialized techniques such as pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS), for the accurate and selective determination of the polymers most commonly found as MPs polluting marine and freshwater sediments are presented. In addition, the results of an investigation on the low molecular weight volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released upon photo-oxidative degradation of microplastics highlight the important role of photoinduced fragmentation at a molecular level both as a potential source of hazardous chemicals and as accelerators of the overall degradation of floating or stranded plastic debris. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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11. The stability of paintings and the molecular structure of the oil paint polymeric network.
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Nardelli, Francesca, Martini, Francesca, Lee, Judith, Lluvears-Tenorio, Anna, La Nasa, Jacopo, Duce, Celia, Ormsby, Bronwyn, Geppi, Marco, and Bonaduce, Ilaria
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OIL paint ,MOLECULAR structure ,GLYCEROLIPIDS ,UNSATURATED fatty acids ,CROSSLINKING (Polymerization) ,FOURIER transform infrared spectroscopy - Abstract
A molecular-level understanding of the structure of the polymeric network formed upon the curing of air-drying artists' oil paints still represents a challenge. In this study we used a set of analytical methodologies classically employed for the characterisation of a paint film—based on infrared spectroscopy and mass spectrometry—in combination with solid state NMR (SSNMR), to characterise model paint layers which present different behaviours towards surface cleaning with water, a commonly applied procedure in art conservation. The study demonstrates, with the fundamental contribution of SSNMR, a relationship between the painting stability and the chemical structure of the polymeric network. In particular, it is demonstrated for the first time that a low degree of cross-linking in combination with a high degree of oxidation of the polymeric network render the oil paint layer sensitive to water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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12. Liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry for the analysis of acylglycerols in art and archeology.
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La Nasa, Jacopo, Modugno, Francesca, and Degano, Ilaria
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LIQUID chromatography ,LIQUID chromatography-mass spectrometry ,HIGH performance liquid chromatography ,PLANT lipids ,MASS spectrometry ,ARCHAEOLOGY ,WATERPROOFING - Abstract
Lipid characterization in art and archeology, together with the study of lipid degradation processes, is an important research area in heritage science. Lipid‐based materials have been used as food since ancient times, but also employed as illuminants and as ingredients in cosmetic, ritual, and pharmaceutical preparations. Both animal and plant lipids have also been processed to produce materials used in art and crafts, such as paint binders, varnishes, waterproofing agents, and coatings. Identifying the origin of the lipid materials is challenging when they are found in association with artistic historical objects. This is due to the inherent complex composition of lipids, their widespread occurrence, and the chemical alterations induced by ageing. The most common approach for lipid characterization in heritage objects entails profiling fatty acids by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry after saponification or transesterification. New developments in high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (HPLC‐MS) for the characterization of acylglycerols, together with more efficient sample treatments, have fostered the introduction of liquid chromatography for characterizing the lipid profile in heritage objects. This review reports the latest developments and applications of HPLC‐MS for the characterization of lipid materials in the field of heritage science. We describe the various approaches for sample pretreatment and highlight the advantages and limitations of HPLC‐MS in the analysis of paint and archeological samples. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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13. On the Set of Fellini's Movies: Investigating and Preserving Multi-Material Stage Costumes Exploiting Spectroscopic and Mass Spectrometric Techniques.
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Sabatini, Francesca, La Nasa, Jacopo, Guerrini, Camilla, Modugno, Francesca, Bonadio, Sara, Ursino, Federica, Tosini, Isetta, Colombini, Maria Perla, Degano, Ilaria, and Bosco, Emanuela
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THEATRICAL costume ,PYROLYSIS gas chromatography ,ATTENUATED total reflectance ,HIGH performance liquid chromatography ,FOURIER transform infrared spectroscopy ,SYNTHETIC fibers - Abstract
Since the second half of the 19th century, the world of textile production was radically changed both in terms of esthetics and of the performances leading to industrial products whose chemical properties were totally unknown and unexplored. Stage costumes are typical examples of multi-material art objects where different natural and synthetic materials were used to fulfil specific purposes. This research was performed in the framework of a diagnostic and restoration campaign of dresses of two Federico Fellini's movies ("Il Casanova" and "Roma"). For the characterization of the textile fibers, Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and Pyrolysis Gas Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) were employed. The structure of the metallic threads was investigated by Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled with Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). Dye identification was carried out by High Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with Diode Array Detector and mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD, HPLC-ESI-Q-ToF). The analytical approach adopted allowed us to fully characterize the costumes composed of natural, synthetic and artificial fibers dyed with complex mixtures of last generation synthetic dyes. The results collected were fundamental to fine-tune an effective restoration aimed at minimizing the damages due to ageing, inaccurate home-made restoration interventions, or poor conservation conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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14. An integrated analytical study of crayons from the original art materials collection of the MUNCH museum in Oslo.
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La Nasa, Jacopo, Doherty, Brenda, Rosi, Francesca, Braccini, Chiara, Broers, Frederique T. H., Degano, Ilaria, Matinero, Jordi Moles, Miliani, Costanza, Modugno, Francesca, Sabatini, Francesca, Sandu, Irina Crina Anca, and Cartechini, Laura
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ART materials ,PASTEL crayons ,COLLECTION management (Museums) ,ULTRAMARINE - Abstract
Among the artists' materials of the nineteenth century, pastel crayons merit scientific interest since their early commercial formulations are mostly unknown and, until now, have been considerably less studied with respect to other contemporary painting materials. In this framework, research herein reports the results of a comprehensive multi-analytical study of 44 pastel crayons of two recognized brands (LeFranc and Dr. F. Schoenfeld) from the Munch museum collection of original materials belonging to Edvard Munch. The integrated use of complementary spectroscopic and hyphenated mass-spectrometry techniques allowed the compositional profiles of the crayons to be traced providing the identification of the inorganic and organic pigments, the fillers/extenders and the binders. All crayons resulted to be oil- based and the binder was identified to be a mixture of a drying oil (safflower or linseed oil), palm oil or Japan wax and beeswax. Among others, pigments such as ultramarine, chrome yellows, Prussian blue, manganese violet, viridian and madder lake have been identified. A significant alignment in formulations of the brands was observed with the only exception of the greens which showed distinctive pigment and filler compositions. The analytical information provided for these commercial artists' materials will be of great interest for academia, museum and other institutions hosting art collections dating from the same period and it will be used by the Munch museum to draw proper conservation strategies of its own artwork collections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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15. Investigations of the relics and altar materials relating to the apostles St James and St Philip at the Basilica dei Santi XII Apostoli in Rome.
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Rasmussen, Kaare Lund, van der Plicht, Johannes, La Nasa, Jacopo, Ribechini, Erika, Colombini, Maria Perla, Delbey, Thomas, Skytte, Lilian, Schiavone, Simone, Kjær, Ulla, Grinder-Hansen, Poul, and Lanzillotta, Lautaro Roig
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INDUCTIVELY coupled plasma mass spectrometry ,FOURIER transform infrared spectroscopy ,THERMOLUMINESCENCE dating ,RELICS ,RAPESEED oil - Abstract
Two types of materials were sampled as part of an investigation of the relics of the Holy Catholic Church of the Apostles St Philip and St James in the Basilica dei Santi Apostoli in Rome: bone- and mummy-materials and architectural samples. The analyses encompassed radiocarbon dating, thermoluminescence dating, gas and liquid chromatographic separation with mass spectrometric detection, X-Ray fluorescence, X-Ray diffraction, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, Raman spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results show that the samples were subjected to a number of conservational and exhibition-related treatments. The alleged femoral bone of St James was dated between AD 214 and 340 (2σ confidence), which shows that this cannot be the bone of St James. An encrustation found in a canal in the reliquary in the high altar construction showed the presence of heavily oxidized rapeseed oil, which was radiocarbon dated between AD 267 and 539 (2σ confidence), and a ceramic shard also found in the high altar construction was TL-dated to AD 314–746 (2σ confidence). The two latter dates are consistent with a translation of the relics following the erection of the church at the time of Pope Pelagius I in AD 556–561. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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16. Investigations of the relics and altar materials relating to the apostles St James and St Philip at the Basilica dei Santi XII Apostoli in Rome.
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Rasmussen, Kaare Lund, van der Plicht, Johannes, La Nasa, Jacopo, Ribercini, Erika, Colombini, Maria Perla, Delbey, Thomas, Skytte, Lilian, Schiavone, Simone, Kjær, Ulla, Grinder-Hansen, Poul, and Lanzillotta, Lautaro Roig
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INDUCTIVELY coupled plasma mass spectrometry ,FOURIER transform infrared spectroscopy ,THERMOLUMINESCENCE dating ,RELICS ,RAPESEED oil - Abstract
Two types of materials were sampled as part of an investigation of the relics of the Holy Catholic Church of the Apostles St Philip and St James in the Basilica dei Santi Apostoli in Rome: bone- and mummy-materials and architectural samples. The analyses encompassed radiocarbon dating, thermoluminescence dating, gas and liquid chromatographic separation with mass spectrometric detection, X-Ray fluorescence, X-Ray diffraction, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, Raman spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results show that the samples were subjected to a number of conservational and exhibition-related treatments. The alleged femoral bone of St James was dated between AD 214 and 340 (2σ confidence), which shows that this cannot be the bone of St James. An encrustation found in a canal in the reliquary in the high altar construction showed the presence of heavily oxidized rapeseed oil, which was radiocarbon dated between AD 267 and 539 (2σ confidence), and a ceramic shard also found in the high altar construction was TL-dated to AD 314–746 (2σ confidence). The two latter dates are consistent with a translation of the relics following the erection of the church at the time of Pope Pelagius I in AD 556–561. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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17. Trends in High Performance Liquid Chromatography for Cultural Heritage.
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Degano, Ilaria and La Nasa, Jacopo
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- 2017
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18. A molecular study of modern oil paintings: investigating the role of dicarboxylic acids in the water sensitivity of modern oil paints.
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Banti, Donatella, La Nasa, Jacopo, Tenorio, Anna Lluveras, Modugno, Francesca, Jan van den Berg, Klaas, Lee, Judith, Ormsby, Bronwyn, Burnstock, Aviva, and Bonaduce, Ilaria
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- 2018
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19. I writing di Peeta, Deban e Ment a Verona Lo studio e il restauro di due opere di Street art.
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Fenzi, Federica, Gasperini, Roberta, La Nasa, Jacopo, Di Carlo, Samanta, Michelotto, Camilla, Modugno, Francesca, Scalvi, Marta, and Todaro, Cristiana
- Published
- 2018
20. Industrial alkyd resins: characterization of pentaerythritol and phthalic acid esters using integrated mass spectrometry.
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La Nasa, Jacopo, Degano, Ilaria, Modugno, Francesca, and Colombini, Maria Perla
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ALKYD resins ,PENTAERYTHRITOL ,PHTHALATE esters ,MASS spectrometry ,LIQUID chromatography - Abstract
RATIONALE Alkyd resins are synthetic polyesters used as paints and coatings. Current approaches for their analysis do not allow the characterization of pentaerythritol and phthalic acid esters, whose detection is interesting to fully characterize the materials, e.g. for forensic or cultural heritage applications. METHODS A combined analytical approach based on Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS), High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/MS and flow injection analysis (FIA)/MS was adopted. GC/MS was used to characterize the fatty acid profile and the polybasic acids in extracts from industrial alkyd resins. HPLC/MS and FIA/MS were used for the characterization of the triglyceride profile of the oil used to manufacture the resin and for the identification of reaction products deriving from the synthesis process. RESULTS The multi-analytical approach was applied on two different industrial alkyd resins produced from two different oils. The GC/MS analysis was successful in characterizing the fatty acid profile and the aromatic fraction of the resin. The HPLC/MS analysis allowed us to characterize the pentaerythritol and phthalic acid ester and the triglycerides residues from the synthesis process, by studying their high-resolution tandem mass spectra. CONCLUSIONS The application of liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry to the study of industrial alkyd resins allowed us to characterize for the first time the esters formed by the transesterification reactions involving pentaerythritol, phthalic acid and triglycerides. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
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21. A Systematic Study on the Degradation Products Generated from Artificially Aged Microplastics.
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Biale, Greta, La Nasa, Jacopo, Mattonai, Marco, Corti, Andrea, Vinciguerra, Virginia, Castelvetro, Valter, and Modugno, Francesca
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MICROPLASTICS ,MOLECULAR weights ,GEL permeation chromatography ,HYDROXY acids ,PLASTIC scrap ,POLYPROPYLENE ,POLYETHYLENE terephthalate - Abstract
Most of the analytical studies focused on microplastics (MPs) are based on the detection and identification of the polymers constituting the particles. On the other hand, plastic debris in the environment undergoes chemical and physical degradation processes leading not only to mechanical but also to molecular fragmentation quickly resulting in the formation of leachable, soluble and/or volatile degradation products that are released in the environment. We performed the analysis of reference MPs–polymer micropowders obtained by grinding a set of five polymer types down to final size in the 857–509 μm range, namely high- and low-density polyethylene, polystyrene (PS), polypropylene (PP), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The reference MPs were artificially aged in a solar-box to investigate their degradation processes by characterizing the aged (photo-oxidized) MPs and their low molecular weight and/or highly oxidized fraction. For this purpose, the artificially aged MPs were subjected to extraction in polar organic solvents, targeting selective recovery of the low molecular weight fractions generated during the artificial aging. Analysis of the extractable fractions and of the residues was carried out by a multi-technique approach combining evolved gas analysis–mass spectrometry (EGA–MS), pyrolysis–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (Py–GC–MS), and size exclusion chromatography (SEC). The results provided information on the degradation products formed during accelerated aging. Up to 18 wt% of extractable, low molecular weight fraction was recovered from the photo-aged MPs, depending on the polymer type. The photo-degradation products of polyolefins (PE and PP) included a wide range of long chain alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, and hydroxy acids, as detected in the soluble fractions of aged samples. SEC analyses also showed a marked decrease in the average molecular weight of PP polymer chains, whereas cross-linking was observed in the case of PS. The most abundant low molecular weight photo-degradation products of PS were benzoic acid and 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid, while PET had the highest stability towards aging, as indicated by the modest generation of low molecular weight species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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22. A Selective Ratiometric Fluorescent Probe for No-Wash Detection of PVC Microplastic.
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Caponetti, Valeria, Mavridi-Printezi, Alexandra, Cingolani, Matteo, Rampazzo, Enrico, Genovese, Damiano, Prodi, Luca, Fabbri, Daniele, Montalti, Marco, and La Nasa, Jacopo
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TIME-resolved spectroscopy ,FLUORESCENT probes ,POLYMETHYLMETHACRYLATE ,POLYETHYLENE terephthalate ,FLUORESCENCE anisotropy ,FLUORESCENCE spectroscopy ,POLYTEF ,POLYVINYL chloride - Abstract
Microplastics (MP) are micrometric plastic particles present in drinking water, food and the environment that constitute an emerging pollutant and pose a menace to human health. Novel methods for the fast detection of these new contaminants are needed. Fluorescence-based detection exploits the use of specific probes to label the MP particles. This method can be environmentally friendly, low-cost, easily scalable but also very sensitive and specific. Here, we present the synthesis and application of a new probe based on perylene-diimide (PDI), which can be prepared in a few minutes by a one-pot reaction using a conventional microwave oven and can be used for the direct detection of MP in water without any further treatment of the sample. The green fluorescence is strongly quenched in water at neutral pH because of the formation dimers. The ability of the probe to label MP was tested for polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene (PE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). The probe showed considerable selectivity to PVC MP, which presented an intense red emission after staining. Interestingly, the fluorescence of the MP after labeling could be detected, under excitation with a blue diode, with a conventional CMOS color camera. Good selectivity was achieved analyzing the red to green fluorescence intensity ratio. UV–Vis absorption, steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy, fluorescence anisotropy, fluorescence wide-field and confocal laser scanning microscopy allowed elucidating the mechanism of the staining in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Optical Monitoring of Microplastics Filtrated from Wastewater Sludge and Suspended in Ethanol.
- Author
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Asamoah, Benjamin O., Salmi, Pauliina, Räty, Jukka, Ryymin, Kalle, Talvitie, Julia, Karjalainen, Anna K., Kukkonen, Jussi V. K., Roussey, Matthieu, Peiponen, Kai-Erik, and La Nasa, Jacopo
- Subjects
SEWAGE sludge ,MICROPLASTICS ,PLASTIC marine debris ,SLUDGE conditioning ,POLYETHYLENE terephthalate ,SPECKLE interference ,BODIES of water - Abstract
The abundance of microplastics (MPs) in the atmosphere, on land, and especially in water bodies is well acknowledged. In this study, we establish an optical method based on three different techniques, namely, specular reflection to probe the medium, transmission spectroscopy measurements for the detection and identification, and a speckle pattern for monitoring the sedimentation of MPs filtrated from wastewater sludge and suspended in ethanol. We used first Raman measurements to estimate the presence and types of different MPs in wastewater sludge samples. We also used microscopy to identify the shapes of the main MPs. This allowed us to create a teaching set of samples to be characterized with our optical method. With the developed method, we clearly show that MPs from common plastics, such as polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polystyrene (PS), and polyethylene (PE), are present in wastewater sludge and can be identified. Additionally, the results also indicate that the density of the plastics, which influences the sedimentation, is an essential parameter to consider in optical detection of microplastics in complex natural environments. All of the methods are in good agreement, thus validating the optics-based solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Polymer Identification and Specific Analysis (PISA) of Microplastic Total Mass in Sediments of the Protected Marine Area of the Meloria Shoals.
- Author
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Castelvetro, Valter, Corti, Andrea, La Nasa, Jacopo, Modugno, Francesca, Ceccarini, Alessio, Giannarelli, Stefania, Vinciguerra, Virginia, Bertoldo, Monica, and Tcherdyntsev, Victor
- Subjects
MARINE sediments ,POLYMERS ,HIGH performance liquid chromatography ,PROTECTED areas ,POLYETHYLENE terephthalate ,SEWAGE disposal plants ,POLYAMIDES ,MARINE toxins - Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) quantification in benthic marine sediments is typically performed by time-consuming and moderately accurate mechanical separation and microscopy detection. In this paper, we describe the results of our innovative Polymer Identification and Specific Analysis (PISA) of microplastic total mass, previously tested on either less complex sandy beach sediment or less demanding (because of the high MPs content) wastewater treatment plant sludges, applied to the analysis of benthic sediments from a sublittoral area north-west of Leghorn (Tuscany, Italy). Samples were collected from two shallow sites characterized by coarse debris in a mixed seabed of Posidonia oceanica, and by a very fine silty-organogenic sediment, respectively. After sieving at <2 mm the sediment was sequentially extracted with selective organic solvents and the two polymer classes polystyrene (PS) and polyolefins (PE and PP) were quantified by pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Pyr-GC/MS). A contamination in the 8–65 ppm range by PS could be accurately detected. Acid hydrolysis on the extracted residue to achieve total depolymerization of all natural and synthetic polyamides, tagging of all aminated species in the hydrolysate with a fluorophore, and reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) (RP-HPLC) analysis, allowed the quantification within the 137–1523 ppm range of the individual mass of contaminating nylon 6 and nylon 6,6, based on the detected amounts of the respective monomeric amines 6-aminohexanoic acid (AHA) and hexamethylenediamine (HMDA). Finally, alkaline hydrolysis of the residue from acid hydrolysis followed by RP-HPLC analysis of the purified hydrolysate showed contamination by polyethylene terephthalate (PET) in the 12.1–2.7 ppm range, based on the content of its comonomer, terephthalic acid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Towards the Development of Portable and In Situ Optical Devices for Detection of Micro-and Nanoplastics in Water: A Review on the Current Status.
- Author
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Asamoah, Benjamin O., Uurasjärvi, Emilia, Räty, Jukka, Koistinen, Arto, Roussey, Matthieu, Peiponen, Kai-Erik, and La Nasa, Jacopo
- Subjects
OPTICAL devices ,WATER currents ,OPTICAL measurements ,OPTICAL sensors ,REMOTE sensing - Abstract
The prevalent nature of micro and nanoplastics (MP/NPs) on environmental pollution and health-related issues has led to the development of various methods, usually based on Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopies, for their detection. Unfortunately, most of the developed techniques are laboratory-based with little focus on in situ detection of MPs. In this review, we aim to give an up-to-date report on the different optical measurement methods that have been exploited in the screening of MPs isolated from their natural environments, such as water. The progress and the potential of portable optical sensors for field studies of MPs are described, including remote sensing methods. We also propose other optical methods to be considered for the development of potential in situ integrated optical devices for continuous detection of MPs and NPs. Integrated optical solutions are especially necessary for the development of robust portable and in situ optical sensors for the quantitative detection and classification of water-based MPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Textiles and environment in the showcase containing Saint Canute the Holy († AD 1086): Radiocarbon dating and chemical interactions.
- Author
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Grinder-Hansen, Poul, Kjær, Ulla, Ryhl-Svendsen, Morten, Colombini, Maria Perla, Degano, Ilaria, La Nasa, Jacopo, Sabatini, Francesca, van der Plicht, Johannes, and Rasmussen, Kaare Lund
- Subjects
RADIOCARBON dating ,PARAFFIN wax ,WOOD decay ,REFORMATION ,AIR analysis ,TEXTILES ,MESOLITHIC Period - Abstract
The cathedral in Odense, Denmark, has for nine centuries held the relics of the Danish King St Canute the Holy and his brother Benedikt. They were both murdered in the predecessor church at the site in AD 1086, and Canute was sanctified in already in AD 1100. The history of the relics has been that of turmoil at times, varying from initial worship of the Catholic believers, to being walled up and hidden away after the protestant reformation in AD 1536, and since the 19th Century on display as important heritage objects of national importance. In the present work we have characterised some of the textiles and analysed the air inside the glass showcases exhibiting the 11th Century wooden coffins holding the remains of St King Canute the Holy and his brother together with some precious textiles. Contrary to previous belief, we now prove that all the textiles analysed have the same age, which is consistent with the time of the enshrinement of the King and his brother in AD 1100. It is also shown that some of the textiles were treated with paraffin wax, most likely during attempts at conservation at the National Museum in the nineteenth century. The results of the air chemistry analyses show the problematic side of simultaneously storing of slowly decaying wood, fine textiles, and human bones in rather airtight environments. The wood continuously releases organic acids, the soaring concentrations of which are potentially harmful to the 11th Century textiles and probably also to the bones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. The role of the polymeric network in the water sensitivity of modern oil paints.
- Author
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La Nasa, Jacopo, Lee, Judith, Degano, Ilaria, Burnstock, Aviva, van den Berg, Klaas Jan, Ormsby, Bronwyn, and Bonaduce, Ilaria
- Abstract
Spectroscopic and mass spectrometric analytical techniques were used to characterise two naturally aged Winsor & Newton (W&N) Winsor Green (phthalocyanine green, PG7) artists' oil colour paint swatches dating to 1993 and 2003. Infrared and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis indicated that the swatches were of closely similar composition, yet the swatch from 2003 was water-sensitive whilst the swatch from 1993 was not. Water-sensitivity is a conservation challenge associated with significant numbers of modern oil paintings and this study aimed to further develop our understanding of the molecular causes of water sensitivity. SEM elemental mapping of samples taken from both swatches provided no indication for the formation of epsomite - a known cause of water sensitivity in some modern oil paintings. Liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) also revealed very similar qualitative-quantitative composition in terms of unbound and esterified medium fractions. The polymeric network was investigated using analytical pyrolysis. A combination of flash pyrolysis coupled with gas chromatography mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS) together with evolved gas analysis mass spectrometry (EGA-MS) revealed that the polymeric material was relatively more abundant in the non-water-sensitive paint. This is the first multi-analytical study that has demonstrated a correlation between water-sensitivity and the degree of polymerisation of the oil medium; independent of other known causes of water-sensitivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Synthetic materials in art: a new comprehensive approach for the characterization of multi-material artworks by analytical pyrolysis.
- Author
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La Nasa, Jacopo, Biale, Greta, Sabatini, Francesca, Degano, Ilaria, Colombini, Maria Perla, and Modugno, Francesca
- Subjects
PYROLYSIS ,POLYMERIZATION ,GAS chromatography/Mass spectrometry (GC-MS) - Abstract
Modern art materials introduced since the end of XIX century include a large number of formulations of synthetic polymers and pigments, whose degradation processes and best preservation conditions are a major issue in heritage science. Analytical pyrolysis coupled with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) is widely used for the characterisation of polymeric materials and organic pigments, however the interpretation of the pyrograms obtained from samples containing different analytes is not straightforward. To improve our understanding on how these materials behave in complex matrices, we used evolved gas analysis coupled with mass spectrometry (EGA-MS) and multi shot Py-GC/MS to highlight and analyse the different fractions in a sample from a pop-art made of painted polyurethane (PU) foam. The study represents a proof of concept to evaluate EGA-MS potential in studying composite modern art materials in combination with multi-shot pyrolysis. The aim of the investigation was establishing the composition of the PU formulation, the paint binder and the pigments, thereby contributing to planning the stabilisation and conservation of the object. The polymers and the class of synthetic organic pigments present in the paint were assessed by determining their specific pyrolysis products and through comparisons with data in the literature. EGA-MS analysis provided both thermal and chemical information in one analytical run, so that we could select four temperatures for use in multi-shot Py-GC/MS analysis and thus to selectively study the different fractions evolved at different temperatures. Information on the various components of the mixture was obtained, including additives and organic pigments, separating them on the basis of their different thermal degradation temperatures. The multianalytical approach included also non-destructive ATR-FTIR and enabled us to characterize in detail different synthetic materials: polyether-based polyurethane produced by the polyaddition of 2,6-diisocyanate toluene, hexamethylene diisocyanate and polypropylene glycol, vinyl paint, and a mixture of β-naphthol and mono-azo as pigments. HPLC-DAD and HPLC-ESI-MS analyses confirmed the pigments, and provided a positive identification of two β-naphthols (PO5 and PR1) and two monoazo pigments (PY1 and PY3). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Two-step analytical procedure for the characterization and quantification of metal soaps and resinates in paint samples.
- Author
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La Nasa, Jacopo, Lluveras-Tenorio, Anna, Modugno, Francesca, and Bonaduce, Ilaria
- Subjects
SOAP ,TERPENES ,HYDROLYSIS - Abstract
Metal soaps and resinates are known to be spontaneously formed in artistic paintings, as a product of the reaction between aliphatic and terpenoid acids released by hydrolysis and oxidation of the organic media and certain cations contained in some inorganic pigments. In this paper we present an optimization and the validation of a GC/MS method for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of mixtures of terpenoid acids and aliphatic mono and dicarboxylic acids and metal carboxylates of terpenoid and aliphatic mono and dicarboxylic acids in the same paint microsample. This is based on a two-step analytical approach entailing the subsequent use of two silylating agents, N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide for the analysis of free acids and metal carboxylates, and 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexamethyldisilazane for the analysis of free acids. The application of this approach is possible because of the good stability at room temperature of the TMS derivatives of aliphatic and terpenoid species, characterized by high boiling points and relatively low vapour pressures. The method was then applied to the characterization of samples collected from two reference paint layers aged for 20 years, a paint sample taken from a pulpit, and sample of the varnish coating of a wooden writing desk, both from the second half of the seventeenth century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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