1,070 results on '"Lei SHI"'
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2. A high functional cure rate was induced by pegylated interferon alpha-2b treatment in postpartum hepatitis B e antigen-negative women with chronic hepatitis B virus infection: an exploratory study.
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Wenting Zhong, Lanzhi Yan, Yage Zhu, Lei Shi, Yingli He, Tianyan Chen, and Jie Zheng
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Background and aims: Limited data have been reported on achieving functional cure using pegylated interferon (Peg-IFN) alpha-2b treatment for postpartum hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-negative women with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. This study was to assess the effectiveness and safety of Peg-IFN alpha-2b in HBV postpartum women without HBeAg and identify factors linked to the functional cure. Methods: A total of 150 HBeAg-negative postpartum women were retrospectively recruited.47 patients received Peg-IFN alpha-2b [Peg-IFN(+) group] and 103 patients did not [Peg-IFN(-) group]. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to adjust the baseline imbalance between the two groups. The patients were followed for at least 48 weeks. The primary endpoints were hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg) loss and HBsAg seroconversion at 48 weeks. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess factors associated with HBsAg loss at 48 weeks. Results: At week 48, the HBsAg loss and seroconversion rate in Peg-IFN(+) group were 51.06%(24/47) and 40.43%(19/47), respectively. Even after PSM, Peg-IFN(+) group still showed higher HBsAg loss rate (50.00% vs 7.14%, p<0.001) and higher HBsAg seroconversion rate (38.10% vs 2.38%, p<0.001). Baseline HBsAg levels (Odds Ratio [OR]: 0.051, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 0.003-0.273, P=0.010), HBsAg at week 24 (OR:0.214, 95%CI:0.033-0.616, P=0.022), HBsAg decline at week 24 (OR:4.682, 95%CI: 1.624-30.198, P=0.022) and postpartum flare (OR:21.181, 95%CI:1.872-633.801, P=0.030) were significantly associated with HBsAg loss at week 48 after Peg-IFN alpha-2b therapy. Furthermore, the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) showed that the use of baseline HBsAg<182 IU/mL, HBsAg at week24 < 4 IU/mL and HBsAg decline at week24>12IU/mL were good predictors of HBsAg loss. No serious adverse events were reported. Conclusion: Peg-IFN alpha-2b treatment could achieve a high rate of HBsAg loss and seroconversion in HBeAg-negative postpartum women with reliable safety, particularly for patients experience postpartum flare and have low baseline HBsAg levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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3. Equilibrium Mechanical Properties of the Nonhuman Primate Cervix.
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Shuyang Fang, Lei Shi, Vink, Joy-Sarah Y., Feltovich, Helen, Hall, Timothy J., and Myers, Kristin M.
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- 2024
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4. Long-term trends in cancer incidence and mortality among U.S. children and adolescents: a SEER database analysis from 1975 to 2018.
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Xiao-Wei Tang, Jiao Jiang, Shu Huang, Xiao-Min Shi, Huan Xu, Jia Xu, Jie-Yu Peng, Wei Zhang, Lei Shi, Xiao-Lin Zhong, Min Kang, and Mu-Han Lü
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- 2024
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5. Effects of nitrogen addition and Bothriochloa ischaemum and Lespedeza davurica mixture on plant chlorophyll fluorescence and community production in semi-arid grassland.
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Fugang Wang, Lei Shi, Ruiyi Zhang, Weizhou Xu, and Yaojun Bo
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CHLOROPHYLL spectra ,GRASSLANDS ,FLUORESCENCE quenching ,ARID regions ,MIXTURES ,NITROGEN - Abstract
Background: Grass-legume mixture can effectively improve productivity and stimulate overyielding in artificial grasslands, but may be N-limited in semi-arid regions. This study investigated the effects of N addition on chlorophyll fluorescence and production in the grass-legume mixtures community. Methods: An N addition experiment was conducted in the Bothriochloa ischaemum and Lespedeza davurica mixture community, with seven mixture ratios (B0L10, B2L8, B4L6, B5L5, B6L4, B8L2, and B10L0) according to the sowing abundance of B.ischaemum and L.davurica and four N addition levels, N0, N25, N50, and N75 (0,25,50,75kgNhm-2 a-1), respectively. We analyzed the response of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of the two species, the rapid lightresponse curves of chlorophyll fluorescence, as well as aboveground biomass (AGB) and overyielding. Results: Our results showed that the two species showed different photosynthetic strategies, with L.davurica having significantly higher initial fluorescence (Fo), effective photochemical quantum yield of PSII (FPSII), and coefficient of photochemical fluorescence quenching (qP) than B. ischaemum, consisting with results of rapid light-response curves. N addition and mixture ratio both had significant effects on chlorophyll fluorescence and AGB (p<0.001). The FPSII and qP of L.davurica were significantly lowest in B5L5 and B6L4 underN addition, and the effect of N varied with mixture ratio. The photosynthetic efficiency of B. ischaemum was higher in mixture than in monoculture (B10L0), and FPSII was significantly higher in N50 than in N25 and N50 at mixture communities except at B5L5. The community AGB was significantly higher in mixture communities than in two monocultures and highest at B6L4. In the same mixture ratio, the AGB was highest under the N50. The overyielding effects were significantly highest under the N75 and B6L4 treatments, mainly attributed to L.davurica. The partial least squares path models demonstrated that adding N increased soil nutrient content, and complementary utilization by B.ischaemum and L.davurica increased the photosynthetic efficiency. However, as the different photosynthetic strategies of these two species, the effect on AGB was offset, and the mixture ratio's effectswere larger than N. Our results proposed the B6L4 and N50 treatments were the optimal combination, with the highest AGB and overyielding, moderate grass-legume ratio, optimal community structure, and forage values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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6. Prediction of in-hospital Mortality of Intensive Care Unit Patients with Acute Pancreatitis Based on an Explainable Machine Learning Algorithm.
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Wensen Ren, Kang Zou, Shu Huang, Huan Xu, Wei Zhang, Xiaomin Shi, Lei Shi, Xiaolin Zhong, Yan Peng, Xiaowei Tang, and Muhan Lü
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- 2024
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7. Connection between protein-tyrosine kinase inhibition and coping with oxidative stress in Bacillus subtilis.
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Lei Shi, Derouiche, Abderahmane, Pandit, Santosh, Alazmi, Meshari, Ventroux, Magali, KØhler, Julie Bonne, Noirot-Gros, Marie-Francoise, Xin Gao, and Mijakovic, Ivan
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PROTEIN-tyrosine kinases ,OXIDATIVE stress ,STRESS management ,BACILLUS subtilis ,PEPTIDES - Abstract
In bacteria, attenuation of protein-tyrosine phosphorylation occurs during oxidative stress. The main described mechanism behind this effect is the H2O2-triggered conversion of bacterial phospho-tyrosines to protein-bound 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine. This disrupts the bacterial tyrosine phosphorylation-based signaling network, which alters the bacterial polysaccharide biosynthesis. Herein, we report an alternative mechanism, in which oxidative stress leads to a direct inhibition of bacterial protein-tyrosine kinases (BY-kinases). We show that DefA, a minor peptide deformylase, inhibits the activity of BY-kinase PtkA when Bacillus subtilis is exposed to oxidative stress. High levels of PtkA activity are known to destabilize B. subtilis pellicle formation, which leads to higher sensitivity to oxidative stress. Interaction with DefA inhibits both PtkA autophosphorylation and phosphorylation of its substrate Ugd, which is involved in exopolysaccharide formation. Inactivation of defA drastically reduces the capacity of B. subtilis to cope with oxidative stress, but it does not affect the major oxidative stress regulons PerR, OhrR, and Spx, indicating that PtkA inhibition is the main pathway for DefA involvement in this stress response. Structural analysis identified DefA residues Asn95, Tyr150, and Glu152 as essential for interaction with PtkA. Inhibition of PtkA depends also on the presence of a C-terminal a-helix of DefA, which resembles PtkA-interacting motifs from known PtkA activators, TkmA, SalA, and MinD. Loss of either the key interacting residues or the inhibitory helix of DefA abolishes inhibition of PtkA in vitro and impairs postoxidative stress recovery in vivo, confirming the involvement of these structural features in the proposed mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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8. Lipid safety of tenofovir alafenamide during 96-week treatment in treatment-naive chronic hepatitis B patients.
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Wenjuan Zhao, Yi Liu, Mengdi Zhang, Zixin Cui, Zhan Qu, Yiyang Li, Meijuan Wan, Wen Wang, Yunru Chen, Lei Shi, Jianzhou Li, and Feng Ye
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- 2024
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9. A new-type high-entropy electrocatalyst with a pyrochlore structure for acid-water oxidation.
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Jinhui Zhang, Lei Shi, Xianbing Miao, Liping Yang, and Shiming Zhou
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Owing to their highly tailorable electrochemical characteristics and exceptional reactivity, high-entropy materials represent the next generation of water splitting catalysts. In this work, rare earth elements (Ho, Dy, Pr and Gd) were equivalently co-doped into the A-site of Y2Ru2O7, successfully resulting in a newtype high-entropy pyrochlore (Y
0.2 Ho0.2 Dy0.2 Gd0.2 Pr0.2 )2 Ru2 O7 (HE-YRO). The electrocatalyst presents an extremely low overpotential (η = 200 mV) and unobvious inactivation during stability testing at 10 mA cm−2 . More remarkably, at η = 270 mV, it shows an excellent inherent mass activity of 797.1 A gRu −1 . By analyses of related pyrochlore oxides, several characteristics are confirmed for the HE-YRO electrocatalyst, which endow it with the high oxygen-evolution reaction (OER) performance. First of all, compared to those in YRO, more low-valent Ru3+ species and oxygen vacancies are induced in the HEYRO structure, which improves the performance. Secondly, inhibition of the grain coarsening is caused by the lattice distortion, which would lead to large surface areas for HE-YRO and then increase the OER active sites. Thirdly, the Ru 4d band is extended, which results in an enhancement of conductivity and a strengthened hybridization between O 2p and Ru 4d orbitals, and then improves the reaction kinetics of the OER. Therefore, the synergistic effect of the above factors that are induced by the equivalent multielement doping at the A-site results in the superior OER performance and chemical durability of the HE-YRO electrocatalyst for acid-water oxidation. This work not only presents a novel method for creating advanced materials for obtaining renewable and clean energy but also validates the efficacy of high-entropy design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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10. Do smart city policies improve energy efficiency? Evidence from China.
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Zhilong Qin, Haoming Yang, Lei Shi, Ouyang Ying, and Wenhan Liu
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SMART cities ,AIR pollution ,ENERGY consumption ,GROSS domestic product ,SUSTAINABLE development - Abstract
To address air pollution and offer a convenient and comfortable living environment, the Chinese government launched a smart city pilot (SCP) project in 2012, accompanied by a comprehensive set of environmental and energy-related laws and regulations. Although academic interest in smart cities has surged, there remains a notable gap in empirical research exploring the economic, environmental, and energy effects of such initiatives. Taking 232 prefecture-level cities from 2003 to 2017 as research subjects, this study measures energy efficiency by using energy consumption per unit of GDP and adopts a difference-in-differences (DID) analysis to investigate the impact of SCPs on energy efficiency. The empirical results indicate that SCPs improved energy efficiency by promoting urban technological innovation capabilities and green total factor productivity, and this effect was more pronounced in cities that were more dependent on traditional fossil fuel energy sources and had more developed fiscal and financial levels. Studying the impact of smart city construction on energy utilization efficiency in developing countries, such as China, is not only significantly enlightening for China’s green and low-carbon transition but also provides reference opinions for constructing smart cities and the path to enhancing energy efficiency in other developing countries. The findings provide valuable insights into the global development of smart cities, urban sustainability, and high-quality economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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11. Major challenges and recent advances in characterizing biomass thermochemical reactions.
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Zhennan Han, Junrong Yue, Xi Zeng, Jian Yu, Fang Wang, Yu Guan, Xuejing Liu, Fu Ding, Liangliang Fu, Xin Jia, Xingfei Song, Chao Wang, Yanbin Cui, Lei Shi, Kangjun Wang, Vladimir Zivkovic, Dingrong Bai, and Guangwen Xu
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BIOMASS ,CHEMICAL kinetics ,TEMPERATURE distribution ,ATOMIZATION ,ECOLOGY - Abstract
Thermochemical conversions are pathways for biomass utilization to produce various value-added energy and chemical products. For the development of novel thermochemical conversion technologies, an accurate understanding of the reaction performance and kinetics is essential. Given the diversity of the thermal analysis techniques, it is necessary to understand the features and limitations of the reactors, ensuring that the selected thermal analysis reactor meets the specific need for reaction characterization. This paper provides a critical overview of the thermal analysis reactors based on the following perspectives: 1) gas flow conditions in the reactor, 2) particle's external and internal heat and mass transfer limitations, 3) heating rate, 4) temperature distribution, 5) nascent char production and reaction, 6) liquid feeding and atomization, 7) simultaneous sampling and analyzing of bed materials, and 8) reacting atmosphere change. Finally, prospects and future research directions in the development of analysis techniques are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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12. Charting epimutation dynamics in human hematopoietic differentiation.
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Xiaohuan Qin, Jiayi Lu, Peng Wu, Chunyong Zhang, Lei Shi, and Ping Zhu
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- 2024
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13. Comparison of the burden of digestive diseases between China and the United States from 1990 to 2019.
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Jieyu Peng, Huan Xu, Shu Huang, Xiaomin Shi, Ping Wang, Qi Chen, Wei Zhang, Lei Shi, Yan Peng, Fangfang Yuan, and Xiaowei Tang
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- 2024
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14. Research status and hotspots in the field of endoplasmic reticulum stress and liver disease A bibliometric study.
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Ruiyu Wang, Shu Huang, Ping Wang, Xiaowei Tang, Huan Xu, Wei Zhang, Lei Shi, Xiaolin Zhong, Muhan Lü, Xian Zhou, and Xiaomin Shi
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- 2024
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15. New perspectives on migraine treatment: a review of the mechanisms and effects of complementary and alternative therapies.
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Xiaoli Song, Qian Zhu, Lanqian Su, Lei Shi, Hao Chi, Yalan Yan, Mei Luo, Xibin Xu, Baohong Liu, Zhengyang Liu, and Jin Yang
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CANCER pain ,MIGRAINE ,CALCITONIN gene-related peptide ,PAIN management ,ELECTRIC stimulation ,TREATMENT programs - Abstract
Migraine is a prevalent and disabling neurovascular disorder, with women being more susceptible, characterized by unilateral throbbing headache, often accompanied by nausea and vomiting, and often associated with various comorbidities such as brain and cardiovascular diseases, which can have a serious impact on quality of life. Although nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the main first-line medications for the treatment of pain, longterm use often leads to side effects and drug addiction, which emphasizes the need to investigate alternative pain management strategies with fewer adverse effects. Complementary and alternative medicine is a viable pain intervention often used in conjunction with traditional medications, including acupuncture, herbs, moxibustion, transcutaneous electrical stimulation, bio-supplements, and acupressure, which offer non-pharmacological alternatives that are now viable pain management options. This review focuses on the mechanistic doctrine of migraine generation and the role and potential mechanisms of Complementary and Alternative Therapies (CAT) in the treatment of migraine, summarizes the research evidences for CAT as an adjunct or alternative to conventional therapies for migraine, and focuses on the potential of novel migraine therapies (calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) antagonists and pituitary adenylyl cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) antagonists) with the aim of evaluating CAT therapies as adjunctive or alternative therapies to conventional migraine treatment, thereby providing a broader perspective on migraine management and the design of treatment programs for more effective pain management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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16. CONSTRAINED MULTI-OBJECTIVE OPTIMIZATION OF HELIUM LIQUEFACTION CYCLE.
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Min SHI, Tongqiang SHI, Lei SHI, Zhengrong OUYANG, and Junjie LI
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EXERGY ,CONSTRAINED optimization ,MULTI-objective optimization ,ELECTRIC power ,HELIUM ,HEAT exchangers ,TOPSIS method ,INTERIOR-point methods - Abstract
The helium cryo-plant is an indispensable subsystem for the application of low temperature superconductors in large-scale scientific facilities. However, it is important to note that the cryo-plant requires stable operation and consumes a substantial amount of electrical power for its operation. Additionally, the construction of the cryo-plant incurs significant economic costs. To achieve the necessary cooling capacity while reducing power consumption and ensuring stability and economic feasibility, constrained multi-objective optimization is performed using the interior point method in this work. The Collins cycle, which uses liquid nitrogen precooling, is selected as the representative helium liquefaction cycle for optimization. The discharge pressure of the compressor, flow ratio of turbines, and effectiveness of heat exchangers are taken as decision parameters. Two objective parameters, cycle exergy efficiency, ηex,cycle, and liquefaction rate, ṁL, are chosen, and the wheel tip speed of turbines and UA of heat exchangers are selected as stability and economic cost constraints, respectively. The technique for order of preference by similarity to the ideal solution (TOPSIS) is utilized to select the final optimal solution from the Pareto frontier of constrained multi-objective optimization. Compared to the constrained optimization of ηex,cycle, the TOPSIS result increases the ṁL by 23.674%, but there is an 8.162% reduction in ηex,cycle. Similarly, compared to the constrained optimization of ṁL, the TOPSIS result increases the ηex,cycle by 57.333%, but a 10.821% reduction in ṁL is observed. This approach enables the design of helium cryo-plants with considerations for cooling capacity, exergy efficiency, economic cost, and stability. Furthermore, the wheel tip speed and UA of heat exchangers of the solutions in the Pareto frontier are also studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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17. Analyzing the risk factors of unilateral trigeminal neuralgia under neurovascular compression.
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Juncheng Yan, Luoyu Wang, Lei Pan, Haiqi Ye, Xiaofen Zhu, Qi Feng, Zhongxiang Ding, Xiuhong Ge, and Lei Shi
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TRIGEMINAL neuralgia ,TRIGEMINAL nerve ,MACHINE learning - Abstract
Background: This study aimed to explore the risk factors and potential causes of unilateral classical or idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia (C-ITN) by comparing patients and healthy controls (HCs) with neurovascular compression (NVC) using machine learning (ML). Methods: A total of 84 C-ITN patients and 78 age- and sex-matched HCs were enrolled. We assessed the trigeminal pons angle and identified the compressing vessels and their location and severity. Machine learning was employed to analyze the cisternal segment of the trigeminal nerve (CN V). Results: Among the C-ITN patients, 53 had NVC on the unaffected side, while 25 HCs exhibited bilateral NVC, and 24 HCs showed unilateral NVC. By comparing the cisternal segment of CN V between C-ITN patients on the affected side and HCs with NVC, we identified the side of NVC, the compressing vessel, and certain texture features as risk factors forC-ITN. Additionally, four texture features differed in the structure of the cisternal segment of CN V between C-ITN patients on the unaffected side and HCs with NVC. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the side of NVC, the compressing vessel, and the microstructure of the cisternal segment of CN V are associated with the risk of C-ITN. Furthermore, microstructural changes observed in the cisternal segment of CN V on the unaffected side of C-ITN patients with NVC indicate possible indirect effects on the CN V to some extent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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18. Role of oncogenic long noncoding RNA KCNQ1OT1 in colon cancer.
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GANG LIU, LEI SHI, BIN WANG, ZEHUI WU, HAIYUAN ZHAO, TIANYU ZHAO, and LIANGHUI SHI
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The role of lncRNA KCNQ1 opposite strand/antisense transcript 1 (KCNQ1OT1) in colon cancer involves various tumorigenic processes and has been studied widely. However, the mechanism by which it promotes colon cancer remains unclear. Retroviral vector pSEB61 was retrofitted in established HCT116-siKCN and SW480-siKCN cells to silence KCNQ1OT1. Cellular proliferation was measured using CCK8 assay, and flow cytometry (FCM) detected cell cycle changes. RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis showed differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were carried out to analyze enriched functions and signaling pathways. RT-qPCR, immunofluorescence, and western blotting were carried out to validate downstream gene expressions. The effects of tumorigenesis were evaluated in BALB/c nude mice by tumor xenografts. Our data revealed that the silencing of KCNQ1OT1 in HCT116 and SW480 cells slowed cell growth and decreased the number of cells in the G2/M phase. RNA-Seq analysis showed the data of DEGs enriched in various GO and KEGG pathways such as DNA replication and cell cycle. RT-qPCR, immunofluorescence, and western blotting confirmed downstream CCNE2 and PCNA gene expressions. HCT116-siKCN cells significantly suppressed tumorigenesis in BALB/c nude mice. Our study suggests that lncRNA KCNQ1OT1 may provide a promising therapeutic strategy for colon cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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19. Clinical Observation and Cause Analysis of Perioperative Superior Cluneal Neuralgia in Vertebral Augmentation.
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Fu-Kuan Zhu, Fei-Fei Cheng, Juan Cheng, Si-Yu Wang, Xi-Zi Miao, Hui Zheng, Zhong-Liang Deng, Lei Chu, and Lei Shi
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- 2024
20. Radiomics model based on intratumoral and peritumoral features for predicting major pathological response in non-small cell lung cancer receiving neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy.
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Dingpin Huang, Chen Lin, Yangyang Jiang, Enhui Xin, Fangyi Xu, Yi Gan, Rui Xu, Fang Wang, Haiping Zhang, Kaihua Lou, Lei Shi, and Hongjie Hu
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NON-small-cell lung carcinoma ,RADIOMICS ,MACHINE learning ,FEATURE selection - Abstract
Objective: To establish a radiomics model based on intratumoral and peritumoral features extracted from pre-treatment CT to predict the major pathological response (MPR) in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) receiving neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy. Methods: A total of 148 NSCLC patients who underwent neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy from two centers (SRRSH and ZCH) were retrospectively included. The SRRSH dataset (n=105) was used as the training and internal validation cohort. Radiomics features of intratumoral (T) and peritumoral regions (P1 = 0-5mm, P2 = 5-10mm, and P3 = 10-15mm) were extracted from pre-treatment CT. Intra- and inter- class correlation coefficients and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator were used to feature selection. Four single ROI models mentioned above and a combined radiomics (CR: T+P1+P2 + P3) model were established by using machine learning algorithms. Clinical factors were selected to construct the combined radiomics-clinical (CRC) model, which was validated in the external center ZCH (n=43). The performance of the models was assessed by DeLong test, calibration curve and decision curve analysis. Results: Histopathological type was the only independent clinical risk factor. The model CR with eight selected radiomics features demonstrated a good predictive performance in the internal validation (AUC=0.810) and significantly improved than the model T (AUC=0.810 vs 0.619, p<0.05). The model CRC yielded the best predictive capability (AUC=0.814) and obtained satisfactory performance in the independent external test set (AUC=0.768, 95% CI: 0.62-0.91). Conclusion: We established a CRC model that incorporates intratumoral and peritumoral features and histopathological type, providing an effective approach for selecting NSCLC patients suitable for neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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21. Proteomics reveals the significance of vacuole Pi transporter in the adaptability of Brassica napus to Pi deprivation.
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Bei Han, Junjun Yan, Tao Wu, Xinyu Yang, Yajie Wang, Guangda Ding, John Hammond, Chuang Wang, Fangsen Xu, Sheliang Wang, and Lei Shi
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RAPESEED ,PROTEOMICS ,OILSEED plants ,RICE ,CARBOHYDRATE metabolism ,RUTABAGA - Abstract
Vacuolar Pi transporters (VPTs) have recently been identified as important regulators of cellular Pi status in Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa. In the oil crop Brassica napus, BnA09PHT5;1a and BnC09PHT5;1a are two homologs of AtPHT5;1, the vacuolar Pi influx transporter in Arabidopsis. Here, we show that Pi deficiency induces the transcription of both homologs of PHT5;1a genes in B. napus leaves. Brassica PHT5;1a double mutants (DM) had smaller shoots and higher cellular Pi concentrations than wild-type (WT, Westar 10), suggesting the potential role of BnPHT5;1a in modulating cellular Pi status in B. napus. A proteomic analysis was performed to estimate the role of BnPHT5;1a in Pi fluctuation. Results show that Pi deprivation disturbs the abundance of proteins in the physiological processes involved in carbohydrate metabolism, response to stimulus and stress in B. napus, while disruption of BnPHT5;1a genes may exacerbate these processes. Besides, the processes of cell redox homeostasis, lipid metabolic and proton transmembrane transport are supposed to be unbalanced in BnPHT5;1a DM under the -Pi condition. Noteworthy, disruption of BnPHT5;1a genes severely alters the abundance of proteins related to ATP biosynthesis, and proton/inorganic cation transmembrane under normal Pi condition, which might contribute to B. napus growth limitations. Additionally, seven new protein markers of Pi homeostasis are identified in B. napus. Taken together, this study characterizes the important regulatory role of BnPHT5;1a genes as vacuolar Pi influx transporters in Pi homeostasis in B. napus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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22. Lycium barbarum polysaccharide reverses drug resistance in oxaliplatin-resistant colon cancer cells by inhibiting PI3K/AKT-dependent phosphomannose isomerase.
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Lijun Ma, Fangfang Ai, Hongyan Xiao, Fang Wang, Lei Shi, Xuehong Bai, Yongzhao Zhu, and Wenping Ma
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COLON cancer ,DRUG resistance in cancer cells ,POLYSACCHARIDES ,DRUG resistance ,XANTHOPHYLLS ,ATP-binding cassette transporters ,ISOMERASES - Abstract
Objective: Here, we aimed to explore the effect of LBP in combination with Oxaliplatin (OXA) on reversing drug resistance in colon cancer cells through in vitro and in vivo experiments. We also aimed to explore the possible mechanism underlying this effect. Finally, we aimed to determine potential targets of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) in colon cancer (CC) through network pharmacology and molecular docking. Methods: The invasion ability of colon cancer cells was assessed using the invasion assay. The migration ability of these cells was assessed using the migration assay and wound healing assay. Cell cycle analysis was carried out using flow cytometry. The expression levels of phosphomannose isomerase (PMI) and ATP-binding cassette transport protein of G2 (ABCG2) proteins were determined using immunofluorescence and western blotting. The expression levels of phosphatidylinositol3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (AKT), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), and BCL2-Associated X (Bax) were determined using western blotting. Forty BALB/c nude mice purchased from Weitong Lihua, Beijing, for the in vivo analyses. The mice were randomly divided into eight groups. They were administered HCT116 and HCT116-OXR cells to prepare colon cancer xenograft models and then treated with PBS, LBP (50 mg/kg), OXA (10 mg/kg), or LBP + OXA (50 mg/kg + 10 mg/kg). The tumor weight and volume of treated model mice were measured, and organ toxicity was evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin staining. The expression levels of PMI, ABCG2, PI3K, and AKT proteins were then assessed using immunohistochemistry. Moreover, PMI and ABCG2 expression levels were analyzed using immunofluorescence and western blotting. The active components and possible targets of LBP in colon cancer were explored using in silico analysis. GeneCards was used to identify CC targets, and an online Venn analysis tool was used to determine intersection targets between these and LBP active components. The PPI network for intersection target protein interactions and the PPI network for interactions between the intersection target proteins and PMI was built using STRING and Cytoscape. To obtain putative targets of LBP in CC, we performed GO function enrichment and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses. Results: Compared with the HCT116-OXR blank treatment group, both invasion and migration abilities of HCT116-OXR cells were inhibited in the LBP + OXA (2.5mg/mL LBP, 10 μM OXA) group (p < 0.05). Cells in the LBP + OXA (2.5mg/mL LBP, 10 μMOXA) group were found to arrest in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Knockdown of PMI was found to downregulate PI3K, AKT, and Bcl-2 (p < 0.05), while it was found to upregulate Bax (p < 0.05). After treatment with L. barbarum polysaccharide, 40 colon cancer subcutaneous tumormodels showed a decrease in tumor size. Therewas no difference in the liver index after LBP treatment (p > 0.05). However, the spleen index decreased in the OXA and LBP + OXA groups (p < 0.05), possibly as a side effect of oxaliplatin. Immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and western blotting showed that LBP + OXA treatment decreased PMI and ABCG2 expression levels (p < 0.05). Moreover, immunohistochemistry showed that LBP + OXA treatment decreased the expression levels of PI3K and AKT (p < 0.05). Network pharmacology analysis revealed 45 active LBP components, including carotenoids, phenylpropanoids, quercetin, xanthophylls, and other polyphenols. It also revealed 146 therapeutic targets of LBP, including AKT, SRC, EGFR, HRAS, STAT3, and MAPK3. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that the LBP target proteins were enriched in pathways, including cancer-related signaling pathways, PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, and IL-17 signaling pathways. Finally, molecular docking experiments revealed that the active LBP components bind well with ABCG2 and PMI. conclusion: Our in vitro experiments showed that PMI knockdown downregulated PI3K, AKT, and Bcl-2 and upregulated Bax. This finding confirms that PMI plays a role in drug resistance by regulating the PI3K/AKT pathway and lays a foundation to study the mechanism underlying the reversal of colon cancer cell drug resistance by the combination of LBP and OXA. Our in vivo experiments showed that LBP combined with oxaliplatin could inhibit tumor growth. LBP showed no hepatic or splenic toxicity. LBP combined with oxaliplatin could downregulate the expression levels of PMI, ABCG2, PI3K, and AKT; it may thus have positive significance for the treatment of advanced metastatic colon cancer. Our network pharmacology analysis revealed the core targets of LBP in the treatment of CC as well as the pathways they are enriched in. It further verified the results of our in vitro and in vivo experiments, showing the involvement of multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway synergism in the drug-reversing effect of LBP in CC. Overall, the findings of the present study provide new avenues for the future clinical treatment of CC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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23. OsMYB84, a transcriptional regulator of OsCOPT2 and OsHMA5, modulates copper uptake and transport and yield production in rice.
- Author
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Jingli Ding, Chenchen Ji, Lu Yu, Guangda Ding, Sheliang Wang, Lei Shi, Fangsen Xu, and Hongmei Cai
- Subjects
TRANSCRIPTION factors ,COPPER ,MICRONUTRIENTS ,XYLEM ,CROPS - Abstract
Transcription factors regulating crop uptake and translocation of the micronutrient Cu have not been identified. We isolated a novel R2R3-MYB transcription factor, OsMYB84, and showed that it was a positive regulator involved in uptake and transport of Cu via activation of OsCOPT2 and OsHMA expression. OsMYB84 was highly expressed in roots and anthers and induced by Cu. Overexpression of OsMYB84 promoted uptake and root-to-shoot translocation of Cu in rice, facilitated Cu distribution into grain and increased grain yield. In contrast, mutation of OsMYB84 reduced Cu concentration in xylem sap. OsMYB84 bound to the promoter region of OsCOPT2 and OsHMA5 and upregulated their expression. OsCOPT2 mutants showed reduced uptake of Cu and OsHMA5 overexpression lines showed increased root-to-shoot translocation of Cu. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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24. Silencing of circ_0088036 inhibits growth and invasion of lung adenocarcinoma through miR-203/SP1 axis.
- Author
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Xiuhua Liu, Yan Feng, Linna Wang, Lei Shi, Kunxiang Ji, Nan Hu, Yang Du, Mingyang Liu, and Man Wang
- Subjects
GENE expression ,CIRCULAR RNA ,MESSENGER RNA ,MICRORNA ,LUNGS - Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Circular RNA (circRNA) circ_0088036 is a recently discovered circRNA known for its roles in rheumatoid arthritis. The study aimed to study the function of circ_0088036 in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Circ_0088036 expressions were analyzed in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The relationship between circ_0088036 expressions and clinicopathological data of LUAD was assessed. The messenger RNA and protein levels were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. Cell viability, apoptosis, and invasion were tested by Cell Counting Kit-8, flow cytometry, and transwell assay. The direct interaction between microRNA-203 (miR-203) and circ_0088036 or specificity protein 1 (SP1) was confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay, RNA pull-down, and RNA immunoprecipitation assays. Circ_0088036 was overexpressed in LUAD from the analysis of the GEO database. The poor prognosis was found in the patients with high expressions of circ_0088036. The level of Circ_0088036 was increased in LUAD tissues and cells. In terms of function, the deletion of circ_0088036 inhibited LUAD tumorigenesis in vitro by repressing cell growth, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In mechanism, circ_0088036 could competitively sponge miR-203, thereby affecting the expressions of the target gene SP1. In addition, lessening of miR-203 and enlarging of SP1 could eliminate the anticancer effect of short hairpin RNA-circ_0088036 on LUAD cells. Besides, the knockout of circ_0088036 hindered the growth of xenografted tumors in vivo. Circ_0088036 promoted the LUAD cell growth, invasion, and EMT via modulating the miR-203/SP1 axis in LUAD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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25. Effect of the gut microbiome, plasma metabolome, peripheral cells, and inflammatory cytokines on obesity: a bidirectional twosample Mendelian randomization study and mediation analysis.
- Author
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Ying Li, Xin Wang, Zitong Zhang, Lei Shi, Liang Cheng, and Xue Zhang
- Subjects
GUT microbiome ,GENOME-wide association studies ,CYTOKINES ,LINOLEIC acid ,BLOOD cells ,OBESITY - Abstract
Background: Obesity is a metabolic and chronic inflammatory disease involving genetic and environmental factors. This study aimed to investigate the causal relationship among gut microbiota abundance, plasma metabolomics, peripheral cell (blood and immune cell) counts, inflammatory cytokines, and obesity. Methods: Summary statistics of 191 gut microbiota traits (N = 18,340), 1,400 plasma metabolite traits (N = 8,299), 128 peripheral cell counts (blood cells, N = 408,112; immune cells, N = 3,757), 41 inflammatory cytokine traits (N = 8,293), and 6 obesity traits were obtained from publicly available genome-wide association studies. Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was applied to infer the causal links using inverse variance-weighted, maximum likelihood, MR-Egger, weighted median, weighted mode, and Wald ratio methods. Several sensitivity analyses were also utilized to ensure reliable MR results. Finally, we used mediation analysis to identify the pathway from gut microbiota to obesity mediated by plasma metabolites, peripheral cells, and inflammatory cytokines. Results: MR revealed a causal effect of 44 gut microbiota taxa, 281 plasma metabolites, 27 peripheral cells, and 8 inflammatory cytokines on obesity. Among them, five shared causal gut microbiota taxa belonged to the phylum Actinobacteria, order Bifidobacteriales, family Bifidobacteriaceae, genus Lachnospiraceae UCG008, and species Eubacterium nodatum group. Furthermore, we screened 42 shared causal metabolites, 7 shared causal peripheral cells, and 1 shared causal inflammatory cytokine. Based on known causal metabolites, we observed that the metabolic pathways of D-arginine, Dornithine, linoleic acid, and glycerophospholipid metabolism were closely related to obesity. Finally, mediation analysis revealed 20 mediation relationships, including the causal pathway from gut microbiota to obesity, mediated by 17 metabolites, 2 peripheral cells, and 1 inflammatory cytokine. Sensitivity analysis represented no heterogeneity or pleiotropy in this study. Conclusion: Our findings support a causal relationship among gut microbiota, plasma metabolites, peripheral cells, inflammatory cytokines, and obesity. These biomarkers provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying obesity and contribute to its prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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26. Efects of oral oligopeptide preparation and exercise intervention in older people with sarcopenia: a randomized controlled trial.
- Author
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Xinyi Liao, Daomei Cheng, Jingjing Li, Lin Zhu, Suqiong Zhang, Xiaofan Jing, and Lei Shi
- Abstract
Background Nutrition and exercise are important interventions for sarcopenia. There were few studies on oral oligopeptide nutrition preparations combined with exercise to intervene in the older people with sarcopenia. The aim of this study was to verify the efectiveness of oligopeptide nutrition preparation combined with exercise intervention on the older people with sarcopenia in community. Methods A total of 219 subjects aged 65 years or older with sarcopenia were randomly divided into 4 groups. The nutrition group (n=58) was given individualized nutrition education and oral oligopeptide nutrition preparation. The exercise group (n=50) received exercise intervention. The combined group (n=52) received both oral nutrition preparation and exercise interventions. The control group (n=59) only received individualized nutrition education. The nutrition preparation can provide energy 185kcal and protein 24.2g per day. The exercise intervention including warm-up exercise, resistance exercise and aerobic exercise, the training time was 60min for 5 times every week. The intervention lasted for 16 weeks. Hand grip strength, gait speed, body composition and hematology parameters were measured before and after intervention. Results A total of 159 subjects completed the study. Compared with baseline, the left grip strength and 6-m walking speed of the subjects in nutrition group increased signifcantly after the intervention, and the grip strength of both hands in exercise group and combined group increased signifcantly. The body weight of the subjects in nutrition group, exercise group and combined group increased signifcantly after intervention, but no increase in soft lean mass (SLM) and skeletal muscle mass (SMM) was observed in any of the four groups. The fat-free mass (FFM) of the legs of the control group, exercise group and nutrition group decreased after intervention, and only the FFM of the legs of the combined group maintained the level before the intervention. Conclusion Both oral peptide nutrition and exercise interventions can improve the muscle strength or function of the older people with sarcopenia. However, there were no increases in muscle mass observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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27. The first demonstration of entirely roll-toroll fabricated perovskite solar cell modules under ambient room conditions.
- Author
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Weerasinghe, Hasitha C., Macadam, Nasiruddin, Jueng-Eun Kim, Sutherland, Luke J., Angmo, Dechan, Ng, Leonard W. T., Scully, Andrew D., Glenn, Fiona, Chantler, Regine, Chang, Nathan L., Dehghanimadvar, Mohammad, Lei Shi, Ho-Baillie, Anita W. Y., Egan, Renate, Chesman, Anthony S. R., Mei Gao, Jasieniak, Jacek J., Hasan, Tawfique, and Vak, Doojin
- Abstract
The rapid development of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells has resulted in laboratory-scale devices having power conversion efficiencies that are competitive with commercialised technologies. However, hybrid perovskite solar cells are yet to make an impact beyond the research community, with translation to large-area devices fabricated by industry-relevant manufacturing methods remaining a critical challenge. Here we report the first demonstration of hybrid perovskite solar cell modules, comprising seriallyinterconnected cells, produced entirely using industrial roll-to-roll printing tools under ambient room conditions. As part of this development, costly vacuum-deposited metal electrodes are replaced with printed carbon electrodes. A high-throughput experiment involving the analysis of batches of 1600 cells produced using 20 parameter combinations enabled rapid optimisation over a large parameter space. The optimised roll-to-roll fabricated hybrid perovskite solar cells show power conversion efficiencies of up to 15.5% for individual small-area cells and 11.0% for serially-interconnected cells in large-area modules. Based on the devices produced in this work, a cost of ~0.7 USD W
−1 is predicted for a production rate of 1,000,000 m2 per year in Australia, with potential for further significant cost reductions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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28. Trade-offs between root-secreted acid phosphatase and root morphology traits, and their contribution to phosphorus acquisition in Brassica napus.
- Author
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Hao Li, Chuang Wang, Bingbing Zhang, Haijiang Liu, Hammond, John P., Xiaohua Wang, Guangda Ding, Hongmei Cai, Sheliang Wang, Fangsen Xu, and Lei Shi
- Subjects
RAPESEED ,SEED yield ,AGRICULTURAL resources ,OILSEED plants ,MORPHOLOGY ,OILSEEDS ,PHYTASES ,ACID phosphatase - Abstract
Oilseed rape (Brassica napus) is one of the most important oil crops in the world and shows sensitivity to low phosphorus (P) availability. In many soils, organic P (Po) is the main component of the soil P pool. Po must be mineralised to Pi through phosphatases, and then taken up by plants. However, the relationship between rootsecreted acid phosphatases (APase) and root morphology traits, two important P-acquisition strategies in response to P deficiency, is unclear among B. napus genotypes. This study aimed to understand their relationship and how they affect P acquisition, which is crucial for the sustainable utilisation of agricultural P resources. This study showed significant genotypic variations in root-secreted APase activity per unit root fresh weight (SAP) and total root-secreted APase activity per plant (total SAP) among 350 B. napus genotypes. Seed yield was positively correlated with total SAP but not significantly correlated with SAP. Six root traits of 18 B. napus genotypes with contrasting root biomass were compared under normal Pi, low Pi and Po. Genotypes with longer total root length (TRL) reduced SAP, but those with shorter TRL increased SAP under P deficiency. Additionally, TRL was important in P-acquisition under three P treatments, and total SAP was also important in P-acquisition under Po treatment. In conclusion, trade-offs existed between the two P-acquisition strategies among B. napus genotypes under P-deficient conditions. Total SAP was an important root trait under Po conditions. These results might help to breed B. napus with greater P-acquisition ability under low P availability conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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29. YOLOv8s-CGF: a lightweight model for wheat ear Fusarium head blight detection.
- Author
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Chengkai Yang, Xiaoyun Sun, Jian Wang, Haiyan Lv, Ping Dong, Lei Xi, and Lei Shi
- Subjects
FUSARIUM ,IMAGE recognition (Computer vision) - Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a destructive disease that affects wheat production. Detecting FHB accurately and rapidly is crucial for improving wheat yield. Traditional models are difficult to apply to mobile devices due to large parameters, high computation, and resource requirements. Therefore, this article proposes a lightweight detection method based on an improved YOLOv8s to facilitate the rapid deployment of the model on mobile terminals and improve the detection efficiency of wheat FHB. The proposed method introduced a C-FasterNet module, which replaced the C2f module in the backbone network. It helps reduce the number of parameters and the computational volume of the model. Additionally, the Conv in the backbone network is replaced with GhostConv, further reducing parameters and computation without significantly affecting detection accuracy. Thirdly, the introduction of the Focal CIoU loss function reduces the impact of sample imbalance on the detection results and accelerates the model convergence. Lastly, the large target detection head was removed from the model for lightweight. The experimental results show that the size of the improved model (YOLOv8s-CGF) is only 11.7 M, which accounts for 52.0% of the original model (YOLOv8s). The number of parameters is only 5.7 x 10
6 M, equivalent to 51.4% of the original model. The computational volume is only 21.1 GFLOPs, representing 74.3% of the original model. Moreover, the mean average precision (mAP@0.5) of the model is 99.492%, which is 0.003% higher than the original model, and the mAP@0.5:0.95 is 0.269% higher than the original model. Compared to other YOLO models, the improved lightweight model not only achieved the highest detection precision but also significantly reduced the number of parameters and model size. This provides a valuable reference for FHB detection in wheat ears and deployment on mobile terminals in field environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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30. Insights into kinetics and reaction mechanism of acid-catalyzed transesterification synthesis of diethyl oxalate.
- Author
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Naiwen Zhang, Rui Xia, Siyu Wan, Xinyang Xiong, Jinggang Zhao, Jun Zhou, and Lei Shi
- Subjects
TRANSESTERIFICATION ,CATALYTIC activity ,LEWIS acids ,BRONSTED acids ,ELECTROPHILES - Abstract
The catalytic performance of different acidic catalysts for diethyl oxalate synthesis from the one-step transesterification of dimethyl oxalate and ethanol was evaluated. The effects of different factors (e.g., acidity, electron accepting capacity, cations type and crystalline water) on the catalytic activity of acidic catalysts were investigated respectively. It was proposed and confirmed that the transesterification reaction catalyzed by a Lewis acid (FeCl
3 ) and a Bronsted acid (H2 SO4 ) follows a first-order kinetic reaction process. In addition, the Lewis acid-catalyzed transesterification processes with different ester structures were used to further explore and understand the speculated reaction mechanism. This work enriches the theoretical understanding of acidcatalyzed transesterification reactions and is of great significance for the development of highly active catalysts for diethyl oxalate synthesis, diminishing the industrial production cost of diethyl oxalate, and developing downstream bulk or high-value-added industrial products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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31. C1 Chemistry: The Stories of Research and Applications from Toyama.
- Author
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Jie Yao, Fenghai Cao, Yu Han, Yang Wang, Li Tan, Jian Sun, Guohui Yang, and Lei Shi
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FISCHER-Tropsch process ,CATALYTIC activity ,CHRONOLOGY ,CHEMICAL research - Abstract
This review provides a comprehensive overview of the distinguished academic career and scientific accomplishments of Prof. Noritatsu Tsubaki at the University of Toyama. For over 35 years, he has dedicated himself to the research field of one-carbon (C1) chemistry, including catalytic conversion of C1 molecules to valuable chemicals and superclean fuels, innovative catalyst and reactor development, and the design of new catalytic reactions and processes. Organized chronologically, this review highlights Prof. Tsubaki's academic contributions from 1990, when he studied and worked at The University of Tokyo, to his current role as a full professor at the University of Toyama. The academic section of this review is divided into three main parts, focusing on Prof. Tsubaki's pioneering work in C1 chemistry. We believe that this review will serve as a highly valuable reference for colleagues in the fields of C1 chemistry and catalysis, and inspire the development of more original and groundbreaking research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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32. Deactivation mechanism of CaO in a flow type dimethyl carbonate synthesis process.
- Author
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Jianing Liu, Peng Zheng, Zizhen Yan, Yuxin Wang, Zhanguo Zhang, Guangwen Xu, Jianjun Guo, and Lei Shi
- Subjects
LIME (Minerals) ,TRANSESTERIFICATION ,HETEROGENEOUS catalysts ,FIXED bed reactors ,FOURIER transform infrared spectroscopy - Abstract
It is well known that calcium oxide (CaO) has better catalytic efficiency than most heterogeneous catalysts in many transesterification reactions. However, the gradual deactivation problem prevents its large-scale application in industry. In this paper, the deactivation mechanism of CaO in a fixed-bed reactor is investigated based on the transesterification reaction of propylene carbonate and methanol. The leaching amount of CaO during the reaction was estimated by the concentration of Ca in the products. The pretreated and recovered catalysts were characterized by FT-IR, XRD, TG-MS and SEM-EDS. It is evident from experiments and characterization that the deactivation process of CaO is accompanied by the leaching of calcium species and the generation of CaCO3, which are also verified by DFT calculations. At high temperature and high weight hourly space velocity, the deactivation was attributed to the formation of dense CaCO3 shell, which prevents the contact between the feedstock and the active species inside. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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33. Species divergence in valleys: the phylogeny of Phrynocephalus forsythii complex and description of a new species.
- Author
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Qianru Liang and Lei Shi
- Subjects
CYTOCHROME oxidase ,PHYLOGENY ,SPECIES diversity ,SPECIES - Abstract
Background: Geographic isolation caused by high-altitude valleys promotes the formation of geographic segregation of species, leading to species differentiation. The subgenus Oreosaura contains viviparous species from the Tibetan Plateau and the vicinity of the Tarim Basin, which can be divided into three species complexes according to their geographical distribution: Phrynocephalus vlangalii, Phrynocephalus theobaldi, and Phrynocephalus forsythii. However, molecular data for the P. forsythii complex are limited and the diversity of this species complex has been greatly underestimated. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the species diversity of Oreosaura and species differentiation within the P. forsythii complex. Methods: We analysed the species diversity of Oreosaura by combining previous data, constructed a phylogenetic tree of the subgenus based on cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and 16S sequences, and estimated the divergence time. Results: The results suggest significant genetic differences between the Tarim Basin populations and adjacent mountain valley populations of the P. forsythii complex and that the combination of deep valley landscapes in the high mountains and ice-age events have contributed to the differentiation of the viviparous toad-headed agama lizard, which is a key factor in the phylogenetics of the P. forsythii complex. Furthermore, we identified a population collected from Wuqia County, Xinjiang, as a new species, Phrynocephalus kangsuensis sp. nov. The results will provide data for phylogenetic studies following the P. forsythii complex and help demonstrate that valleys promote the formation of Phrynocephalus species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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34. Causes of death and nomogram for patients with oncologic hepato-biliary-pancreatic disorders A large-cohort study.
- Author
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Jia Xu, Shu Huang, Qiong Yan, Jiao Jiang, Nan Hu, Wei Zhang, PhDa, Lei Shi, Mingming Deng, Xiaowei Tang, and Jingyuan Liao
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- 2024
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35. Bioactive cytochalasans from the desert soil-derived fungus Chaetomium madrasense 375 obtained via a chemical engineering strategy.
- Author
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Qingfeng Guo, Shenyu Shen, Xinyang Wang, Lei Shi, Yuwei Ren, Dandan Li, Zhenhua Yin, Juanjuan Zhang, Baocheng Yang, Xuewei Wang, Gang Ding, and Lin Chen
- Subjects
CHEMICAL engineering ,CHEMICAL engineers ,ISOXAZOLES ,CHAETOMIUM ,DRUG discovery ,NITRIC-oxide synthases ,LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES - Abstract
The chemical engineering of natural extracts has emerged as an effective strategy for the production of diverse libraries of chemicals, making it integral to drug discovery. A chemical engineering strategy based on the epoxidation and ring-opening reactions was used to prepare diversity-enhanced extracts of Chaetomium madrasense 375. Eleven unnatural cytochalasan derivatives (1-11) with unique functional groups, such as amine and isoxazole, were isolated and characterized from these chemically engineered extracts of C. madrasense 375. The identification of these new structures was accomplished through comprehensive spectroscopic analysis, supplemented by synthetic considerations. Notably, compounds 5 and 13-16 displayed potent phytotoxic effects on Arabidopsis thaliana, while compounds 1, 2, 5, 10, and 12 demonstrated inhibitory activities on LPS-induced NO production in RAW264.7 cells. Among them, compound 1 was found to be able to inhibit the upregulated expression of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein induced by LPS, while also decreasing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6) and influencing the phosphorylation of p38, ERK1/2, and JNK at 100 μM. Our findings demonstrate that the chemical engineering of natural product extracts can be an efficient technique for the generation of novel bioactive molecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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36. Validation of the iHealth Track upper-arm blood pressure monitor KN-550BT in general population according to the AAMI/ESH/ISO Universal Standard (ISO 81060-2:2018+AMD1:2020).
- Author
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Lei Shi, Xin-Yi Zhang, Jia-Yi Sun, Jin-Feng Chen, Yi-Fei Ma, and Kai-Yuan Zhou
- Published
- 2024
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37. Examining associations of folic acid supplements administered to mothers during pre-conceptional and prenatal periods with autism spectrum disorders in their offspring: insights from a multi-center study in China.
- Author
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Yan Jiang, Cuihua Guo, Min Kuang, Lizi Lin, Guifeng Xu, Ning Pan, Xuchu Weng, Jin Jing, Lei Shi, Quanying Yi, and Xin Wang
- Published
- 2024
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38. Effects of modified externai ventricular drainage vs. an Ommaya reservoir in the management of hydrocephalus with intracranial infection in pediatric patients.
- Author
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Liuyin Chen, Mingzhe He, Lei Shi, Yanke Yue, Pengyuan Luo, Jiangshun Fang, Na Wang, Zhenghai Cheng, Yi Qu, Zhiguo Yang, and Yaning Sun
- Subjects
CEREBROSPINAL fluid shunts ,CHILD patients ,LEUKOCYTE count ,DRAINAGE ,HYDROCEPHALUS ,INTRACRANIAL pressure - Abstract
Background: Hydrocephalus with intracranial infection (Hll) may cause pathological changes in brain tissue structure and irreversible damage to the nervous system. However, intracranial infection is a contraindication to ventriculo-peritoneal (VP) shunt surgery, and the prognosis is improved by early infection control and intracranial pressure reduction. This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of the Ommaya reservoir vs. modified externai ventricular drainage (M-EVD) in the management of Hll in pediatric patients. Methods: This retrospective controlled study included 45 pediatric patients with Hll treated with an Ommaya reservoir (n = 24) or M-EVD (n = 21) between January 2018 and December 2022. Clinical outcomes, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) test results, complications, and outcomes were compared between the Ommaya reservoir and M-EVD groups. Results: No patient died during the follow-up period. The two groups were similar regarding age, sex, admission temperature, weight, preoperative serum protein and albumin concentrations, CSF analysis (white blood cell count, glucose concentration, and protein content), and clinical symptoms (P > 0.05). Both groups had significant changes in the CSF test results postoperatively compared with preoperatively (P < 0.05). In the M-EVD group, the median days for 13 children to remove the externai drainage tube and receive VP shunt was 19 days. The longest drainage tube retention time was 61 days, and there was no intracranial infection or serious complication related to the drainage tube. After the placement of the Ommaya, the median time required for CSF to return to normal was 21 days, and a total of 15 patients underwent VP shunt surgery. Conclusion: The Ommaya reservoir and M-EVD are safe and effective for pediatric patients with Hll. Both methods reduce the intracranial pressure and alleviate the symptoms of hydrocephalus, although there are differences between the two methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
39. ROCK BREAKING MECHANISM AND PROCESS OPTIMISATION OF JET CUTTING BASIC ROOF ROCK UNDER SUBMERGED JET CONDITION.
- Author
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LEI SHI, WEIYONG LU, and DONG LV
- Subjects
FRACTURE mechanics ,COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics ,PROCESS optimization ,ROOF design & construction ,HYDRAULIC fracturing ,TURBULENCE ,HIGH cycle fatigue - Abstract
The destruction of rock under the condition of a close submerged jet has become a hot topic of scientific research and engineering application in the past decade. With the unremitting efforts of a large number of experts and scholars around the world, gratifying progress has been made in the research of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) on the internal and external flow fields of the jet nozzle, the theoretical derivation of rock mechanics on the fracture initiation and propagation criteria of hydraulic fracturing, and the numerical simulation of jet erosion mechanism under the coupling of fluid and solid fields, however, for the rock mechanics hydraulic fracturing cutting engineering scale of non-oil drilling fracturing technology, the research on the fluid-solid coupling boundary conditions of fracturing fluid and hard dense rock under the flow state conditions of the submerged field inside and outside the borehole is not sufficient. In the calculation of the fluid-solid coupling boundary flow field under the non-submerged jet state, the control equation with Reynolds number between 2300-4000 shall be selected, while it belongs to the laminar flow state in the stage of hole sealing and pressurised fracturing. Therefore, Von-Mises equivalent plastic stress is selected in the mechanical model to calibrate the failure state of the rock-solid boundary, and the control equations of laminar flow and turbulent flow are selected to calibrate the fluid boundary. The mechanism of different stages of rock breaking by hydraulic fracturing jet can be further analysed in detail, and Comsol 6.0 multi-physical field simulation software is selected for verification. The research results will help deepen the understanding of rock breaking mechanism by jet and optimise the selection of parameters for field construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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40. Can tourists become disciples? The formation and mechanism of place conversion in traditional Chinese villages.
- Author
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Luyao Xu, Lei Shi, Xin Wang, Yuliang Wan, and Zhuo Fan
- Subjects
PLACE attachment (Psychology) ,ATTACHMENT theory (Psychology) ,TOURISTS ,SPIRITUALITY ,SELF-expression ,VILLAGES - Abstract
Place attachment has been extensively studied in the field of tourism. However, it is important to recognize that place attachment alone may not fully capture the emotional expression of tourists’ spiritual beliefs and their sense of belonging to a destination. Therefore, a more comprehensive attachment theory is needed to encompass higher dimensions. This article focuses on the ancient Chinese villages of Yantou, Cangpo, and Furong from a tourist perspective, and introduces genius loci in architectural phenomenology. We set out to expand the study of spiritual dimensions of place attachment on the basis of local attachment, redefining tourists’ place connection and putting forward the new concept of place conversion. A qualitative analysis of online text using Rooting theory was conducted to condense 22 categories into 6 main categories and establish a model. The study shows that the mechanism of place conversion is composed of situational perception (place perception and place identity), physical and mental immersion (spatio-temporal immersion and place conversion), and behavioral willingness (tourists intention and conversion behavior). The study has implications for the conservation and development of traditional villages and future research on the spiritual experiences of tourists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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41. PROVABLY ACCELERATED DECENTRALIZED GRADIENT METHODS OVER UNBALANCED DIRECTED GRAPHS.
- Author
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ZHUOQING SONG, LEI SHI, SHI PU, and MING YAN
- Subjects
DIRECTED graphs ,CONVEX functions - Abstract
We consider the decentralized optimization problem, where a network of n agents aims to collaboratively minimize the average of their individual smooth and convex objective functions through peer-to-peer communication in a directed graph. To tackle this problem, we propose two accelerated gradient tracking methods, namely Accelerated Push-DIGing (APD) and APD-SC, for non-strongly convex and strongly convex objective functions, respectively. We show that APD and APD-SC converge at the rates ... and ..., respectively, up to constant factors depending only on the mixing matrix. APD and APD-SC are the first decentralized methods over unbalanced directed graphs that achieve the same provable acceleration as centralized methods. Numerical experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of both methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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42. Deep-learning-driven dose prediction and verification for stereotactic radiosurgical treatment of isolated brain metastases.
- Author
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Jinghui Pan, Jinsheng Xiao, Changli Ruan, Qibin Song, Lei Shi, Fengjiao Zhuo, Hao Jiang, and Xiangpan Li
- Subjects
STEREOTACTIC radiosurgery ,AUTOMATED planning & scheduling ,PLANNING techniques ,LINEAR accelerators ,DEEP learning ,FORECASTING - Abstract
Purpose: While deep learning has shown promise for automated radiotherapy planning, its application to the specific scenario of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for brain metastases using fixed-field intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) on a linear accelerator remains limited. This work aimed to develop and verify a deep learning-guided automated planning protocol tailored for this scenario. Methods: We collected 70 SRS plans for solitary brain metastases, of which 36 cases were for training and 34 for testing. Test cases were derived from two distinct clinical institutions. The envisioned automated planning process comprised (1): clinical dose prediction facilitated by deep-learning algorithms (2); transformation of the forecasted dose into executable plans via voxel-centric dose emulation (3); validation of the envisaged plan employing a precise dosimeter in conjunction with a linear accelerator. Dose prediction paradigms were established by engineering and refining two three-dimensional UNet architectures (UNet and AttUNet). Input parameters encompassed computed tomography scans from clinical plans and demarcations of the focal point alongside organs at potential risk (OARs); the ensuing output manifested as a 3D dose matrix tailored for each case under scrutiny. Results: Dose estimations rendered by both models mirrored the manual plans and adhered to clinical stipulations. As projected by the dual models, the apex and average doses for OARs did not deviate appreciably from those delineated in the manual plan (P-value≥0.05). AttUNet showed promising results compared to the foundational UNet. Predicted doses showcased a pronounced dose gradient, with peak concentrations localized within the target vicinity. The executable plans conformed to clinical dosimetric benchmarks and aligned with their associated verification assessments (100% gamma approval rate at 3 mm/3%). Conclusion: This study demonstrates an automated planning technique for fixed-field IMRT-based SRS for brain metastases. The envisaged plans met clinical requirements, were reproducible across centers, and achievable in deliveries. This represents progress toward automated paradigms for this specific scenario. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Cuttings transport: Back reaming analysis based on a coupled layering-sliding mesh method via CFD.
- Author
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Na Zhu, Shi-Dong Ding, Xiao-Lei Shi, Wen-Jun Huang, and De-Li Gao
- Abstract
Inadequate hole cleaning is one of the main reasons for inefficient operations in extended-reach drilling. The mechanism of cuttings transport under the back reaming operation, which is frequently adopted to remove the cuttings, has been investigated in this study. To this end, a coupled layering-sliding mesh method with the Eulerian-Granular approach has been established innovatively. The dynamic layering method has been employed to simulate the axial motion of the pipe, whereas the sliding mesh method has been used to simulate the pipe rotation. The back reaming operation of a connector-furnished pipe has been simulated, and the sensitive parameter analysis has been conducted. The results thus obtained demonstrate that the increase in the initial bed height, inclination, and the diameter and length of the connector causes a significant increase in the cuttings concentration. In addition, the cuttings concentration is observed to decrease significantly with the pipe rotation speed. Furthermore, two main factors contribute towards the cuttings accumulation around the connector, namely, the difference in the crosssectional area and the pushing effect of the connectordlike a “bulldozer”. The “bulldozer” effect of the connector dominates when the tripping velocity is significant compared to the velocity of the cuttings. Conversely, the effect of the difference in the cross-sectional area becomes the leading factor for cuttings accumulation. The “bulldozer” effect of the connector causes a more severe impact on hole cleaning. In both cases, increasing the tripping velocity only mildly affects the cuttings concentration. It is therefore suggested that the tripping velocity should be slower than that of the sand during the back reaming operation. Furthermore, increased fluid velocity might lead to a higher accumulated cuttings concentration around the connector when the cuttings bed has not entirely passed through the connector. A significant flow rate can be safely applied after the cuttings have passed through the connector furnished with a large diameter, such as the bottom hole assembly. This exploration serves as an essential guide to predicting and controlling tight spots while back reaming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
- Full Text
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44. Blockchain-based internet of things security architecture and applications.
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Chen, Hongsong, Lei, Shi, Zhang, Yiying, Han, Xintong, Cao, Yongrui, and Zhang, Yongpeng
- Abstract
The Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain are two emerging information technologies that will significantly impact the lives and production patterns of people. When they meet together, blockchain services can be used to solve some IoT challenges, however some new risks will be introduced. Therefore, how to use blockchain services in IoT environment and which key security and privacy challenges in IoT environment can be addressed by blockchain services are two critical issues. Thus, we propose a novel hybrid IoT architecture based on blockchain services for the first issue. To address the second issue, we design system architecture for implementing blockchain-as-a-service in the IoT environment, select the dimensions of fog computing, edge computing and software vulnerability to classify the challenges and solutions. Then practical application scenarios are summarized. The single on-chain time is between 15 and 20 s and the single off-chain in IOTA is about 2 s. The on-chain time is longer than the off-chain time. Finally, seven challenges and the related solution for blockchain-based IoT are proposed to promote future blockchain and IoT research. The proposed architecture can improve the structural security and functional security for IoT and Blockchain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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45. Real-world effectiveness and safety of goserelin 10.8-mg depot in Chinese patients with localized or locally advanced prostate cancer.
- Author
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Nanhui Chen, Zengjun Wang, Ming Chen, Qi Ma, Yi He, Yujie Wang, Xin Li, Mingxing Qiu, Lei Shi, Shaoxing Zhu, Qun Xie, Xiuheng Liu, Benkang Shi, Guowen Lin, Weizhong Yang, Yongbin Liao, Haibin Zhang, Shusheng Wang, Jiexian Li, and Shaogang Wang
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CHINESE people ,PROSTATE cancer ,PROSTATE cancer patients ,PROSTATE-specific antigen ,LUTEINIZING hormone - Abstract
Objective: Real-word data on long-acting luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists in Chinese patients with prostate cancer are limited. This study aimed to determine the real-world effectiveness and safety of the LHRH agonist, goserelin, particularly the long-acting 10.8-mg depot formulation, and the follow-up patterns among Chinese prostate cancer patients. Methods: This was a multicenter, prospective, observational study in hormone treatment-naïve patients with localized or locally advanced prostate cancer who were prescribed goserelin 10.8-mg depot every 12 weeks or 3.6-mg depot every 4 weeks with or without an anti-androgen. The patients had follow-up evaluations for 26 weeks. The primary outcome was the effectiveness of goserelin in reducing serum testosterone and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels. The secondary outcomes included testosterone and PSA levels, attainment of chemical castration (serum testosterone <50 ng/dL), and goserelin safety. The exploratory outcome was the monitoring pattern for serum testosterone and PSA. All analyses were descriptive. Results: Between September 2017 and December 2019, a total of 294 eligible patients received = 1 dose of goserelin; 287 patients (97.6%) were treated with goserelin 10.8-mg depot. At week 24 ± 2, the changes from baseline [standard deviation (95% confidence interval)] in serum testosterone (n = 99) and PSA (n = 131) were -401.0 ng/dL [308.4 ng/dL (-462.5, -339.5 ng/dL)] and -35.4 ng/mL [104.4 ng/mL (-53.5, -17.4 ng/mL)], respectively. Of 112 evaluable patients, 100 (90.2%) achieved a serum testosterone level < 50 ng/dL. Treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) and severe TEAEs occurred in 37.1% and 10.2% of patients, respectively. The mean testing frequency (standard deviation) was 1.6 (1.5) for testosterone and 2.2 (1.6) for PSA. Conclusions: Goserelin 10.8-mg depot effectively achieved and maintained castration and was well-tolerated in Chinese patients with localized and locally advanced prostate cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Gender authorship trends of gastric cancer in the top journals of gastroenterology: A 20-year perspective.
- Author
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Xinyue Ma, Shu Huang, Huiqin Shi, Zhenju Tan, Han Zhang, Lei Shi, Wei Zhang, Xiaolin Zhong, Muhan Lü, Xia Chen, and Xiaowei Tang
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- 2023
- Full Text
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47. Repairing the intestinal mucosal barrier of traditional Chinese medicine for ulcerative colitis: a review.
- Author
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Yichen Zong, Jie Meng, Tangyou Mao, Qiang Han, Peng Zhang, and Lei Shi
- Subjects
CHINESE medicine ,ULCERATIVE colitis ,INTESTINES ,TIGHT junctions ,CELL proliferation - Abstract
Damage to the intestinal mucosal barrier play an important role in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC). Discovering the key regulators and repairing the disturbed barrier are crucial for preventing and treating UC. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been proved to be effective on treating UC and has exhibited its role in repairing the intestinal mucosal barrier. We summarized the evidence of TCM against UC by protecting and repairing the physical barrier, chemical barrier, immune barrier, and biological barrier. Mechanisms of increasing intestinal epithelial cells, tight junction proteins, and mucins, promoting intestinal stem cell proliferation, restoring the abundance of the intestinal microbiota, and modulating the innate and adaptive immunity in gut, were all involved in. Some upstream proteins and signaling pathways have been elucidated. Based on the existing problems, we suggested future studies paying attention to patients' samples and animal models of UC and TCM syndromes, conducting rescue experiments, exploring more upstream regulators, and adopting new technical methods. We hope this review can provide a theoretical basis and novel ideas for clarifying the mechanisms of TCM against UC via repairing the intestinal mucosal barrier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Repairing the intestinal mucosal barrier of traditional Chinese medicine for ulcerative colitis: a review.
- Author
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Yichen Zong, Jie Meng, Tangyou Mao, Qiang Han, Peng Zhang, and Lei Shi
- Subjects
CHINESE medicine ,ULCERATIVE colitis ,INTESTINES ,TIGHT junctions ,CELL proliferation - Abstract
Damage to the intestinal mucosal barrier play an important role in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC). Discovering the key regulators and repairing the disturbed barrier are crucial for preventing and treating UC. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been proved to be effective on treating UC and has exhibited its role in repairing the intestinal mucosal barrier. We summarized the evidence of TCM against UC by protecting and repairing the physical barrier, chemical barrier, immune barrier, and biological barrier. Mechanisms of increasing intestinal epithelial cells, tight junction proteins, and mucins, promoting intestinal stem cell proliferation, restoring the abundance of the intestinal microbiota, and modulating the innate and adaptive immunity in gut, were all involved in. Some upstream proteins and signaling pathways have been elucidated. Based on the existing problems, we suggested future studies paying attention to patients' samples and animal models of UC and TCM syndromes, conducting rescue experiments, exploring more upstream regulators, and adopting new technical methods. We hope this review can provide a theoretical basis and novel ideas for clarifying the mechanisms of TCM against UC via repairing the intestinal mucosal barrier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Facile preparation of a Co3O4/Mn0.5Cd0.5S heterojunction with highly efficient photocatalytic H2 production.
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Xiaowei Wang, Zhimeng Wang, Lishuang Cui, and Lei Shi
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- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Algorithmic Translation Correction Mechanisms: An End-to-end Algorithmic Implementation of English-Chinese Machine Translation.
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Lei Shi
- Subjects
MACHINE translating ,NATURAL language processing ,ARTIFICIAL neural networks ,VARIATION in language ,LANGUAGE research ,MODERN languages - Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Machine translation is a modern natural language processing research field with important scientific and practical significance. In practice, the variation of languages, the limitation of semantic knowledge, and the lack of parallel language resources limit the development of machine translation. OBJECTIVES: This paper aims to avoid duplicating neural networks during the learning process and improve the ability to generalize complex neural network machine translation models with limited resources. METHODS: Textual material in the source language was studied, and a suitable textual material representation model was used to express complex, high-level, and abstract semantic information. Then, a more efficient neural network machine translation integration model was developed based on the control of written data and algorithms. RESULTS: Data mining must be applied to complex neural network machine translation systems based on transfer learning to standardize finite neural network models. CONCLUSION: Neural network-based embedded machine translation systems based on migration training require a small number of labelled samples to improve the system's permeability. However, this adaptive migration learning region approach can easily lead to over-learning problems in neural network machine translation models, thus avoiding excessive correspondences during the learning process and improving the generalization ability of the translation model with limited neural network resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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