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Completely carbonated peridotites represent a window to study reactions of carbon‐rich fluids with mantle rocks. Here, we present details on the carbonation history of listvenites close to the basal thrust in the Samail ophiolite. We use samples from Oman Drilling Project Hole BT1B, which provides a continuous record of lithologic transitions, as well as outcrop samples from listvenites, metasediments, and metamafics below the basal thrust of the ophiolite. 87Sr/86Sr of listvenites and serpentinites, ranging from 0.7090 to 0.7145, are significantly more radiogenic than mantle values, Cretaceous seawater, and other peridotite hosted carbonates in Oman. The Hawasina sediments that underlie the ophiolite, on the other hand, show higher 87Sr/86Sr values of up to 0.7241. δ13C values of total carbon in the listvenites and serpentinites range from −10.6‰ to 1.92‰. We also identified a small organic carbon component with δ13C as low as −27‰. Based on these results, we propose that during subduction at temperatures above >400°C, carbon‐rich fluids derived from decarbonation of the underlying sediments migrated updip and generated the radiogenic 87Sr/86Sr signature and the fractionated δ13C values of the serpentinites and listvenites in core BT1B. Plain Language Summary: Samples from Oman Drilling Project Hole BT1B provide a record of interactions of fluids rich in carbon dioxide with mantle rocks. These interactions lead to the formation of listvenites, rocks composed mainly of magnesite and quartz. Here, we describe the formation of listvenites in the Oman ophiolite using Strontium and Carbon isotopes to characterize the source and nature of the fluid that pervasively transform the mantle rocks that now store vast amounts of carbon dioxide. Key Points: Strontium and Carbon were added to the peridotites during alterationStrontium isotopes point to Hawasina calcite‐bearing clastic sediments C as source of fluidsAlteration fluids are derived from decarbonation reactions of subducted sediments [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]