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Objective: The aim was to research ACTL6A's role in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Methods: OSCC and normal samples were obtained from patients and public databases. GSEA was performed. CIBERSORT was utilized to analyze immune landscape. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and multivariate Cox regression analysis were conducted. After knocking down ACTL6A, we performed MTT assay, transwell assays, and flow cytometry to detect the impact of knockdown. Results: ACTL6A expressed higher in OSCC samples than normal samples. The CNV and mutation rate of TP53 was higher in ACTL6A high‐expression group. TFs E2F7 and TP63 and miRNA hsa‐mir‐381 were significantly related to ACTL6A. ACTL6A could influence immune microenvironment of OSCC. Knockdown of ACTL6A inhibited OSCC cells' proliferation, migration, and invasion. ACTL6A was able to predict OSCC prognosis independently. Conclusion: ACTL6A expressed higher in OSCC than normal samples and it could be used as an independent prognostic marker in OSCC patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: As physical signals, mechanical cues regulate the neural cells in the brain. The mechanosensitive channels (MSCs) perceive the mechanical cues and transduce them by permeating specific ions or molecules across the plasma membrane, and finally trigger a series of intracellular bioelectrical and biochemical signals. Emerging evidence supports that wide‐distributed, high‐expressed MSCs like Piezo1 play important roles in several neurophysiological processes and neurological disorders. Aim s : To systematically conclude the functions of MSCs in the brain and provide a novel mechanobiological perspective for brain diseases. Method: We summarized the mechanical cues and MSCs detected in the brain and the research progress on the functional roles of MSCs in physiological conditions. We then concluded the pathological activation and downstream pathways triggered by MSCs in two categories of brain diseases, neurodegenerative diseases and place‐occupying damages. Finally, we outlined the methods for manipulating MSCs and discussed their medical potential with some crucial outstanding issues. Results: The MSCs present underlying common mechanisms in different brain diseases by acting as the "transportation hubs" to transduce the distinct signal patterns: the upstream mechanical cues and the downstream intracellular pathways. Manipulating the MSCs is feasible to alter the complicated downstream processes, providing them promising targets for clinical treatment. Conclusions: Recent research on MSCs provides a novel insight into brain diseases. The common mechanisms mediated by MSCs inspire a wide range of therapeutic potentials targeted on MSCs in different brain diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Structural optimization is essential to improve the performance of mixing equipment. An efficient optimization strategy based on computational fluid dynamics, machine learning, and the multi‐objective genetic algorithm was proposed to predict and optimize the performance of the stirred tank. Single‐factor analysis was performed to study the effects of structural parameters on power consumption and mixing time, which were reduced by 16.0% and 1.4%, respectively, in the optimized stirred vessel. To further optimize the stirred tank geometries and maximize the integrated performance, XGB coupled NSGA‐ІІ were utilized to minimize the power consumption and mixing time. The optimal design parameters from the Pareto front were identified by two well‐known decision‐making methods (LINMAP and TOPSIS), which decreased power consumption and mixing time by 12.3% and 13.4% compared to the stirred tank with the baseline structure. This research further confirmed the accuracy and reliability of the machine learning‐based optimization method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Protein phosphorylation regulates a variety of important cellular and physiological processes in plants. In-depth profiling of plant phosphoproteomes has been more technically challenging than that of animal phosphoproteomes. This is largely due to the need to improve protein extraction efficiency from plant cells, which have a dense cell wall, and to minimize sample loss resulting from the stringent sample clean-up steps required for the removal of a large amount of biomolecules interfering with phosphopeptide purification and mass spectrometry analysis. To this end, we developed a method with a streamlined workflow for highly efficient purification of phosphopeptides from tissues of various green organisms including Arabidopsis , rice, tomato, and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii , enabling in-depth identification with high quantitative reproducibility of about 11 000 phosphosites, the greatest depth achieved so far with single liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC–MS) runs operated in a data-dependent acquisition (DDA) mode. The mainstay features of the method are the minimal sample loss achieved through elimination of sample clean-up before protease digestion and of desalting before phosphopeptide enrichment and hence the dramatic increases of time- and cost-effectiveness. The method, named GreenPhos, combined with single-shot LC–MS, enabled in-depth quantitative identification of Arabidopsis phosphoproteins, including differentially phosphorylated spliceosomal proteins, at multiple time points during salt stress and a number of kinase substrate motifs. GreenPhos is expected to serve as a universal method for purification of plant phosphopeptides, which, if samples are further fractionated and analyzed by multiple LC–MS runs, could enable measurement of plant phosphoproteomes with an unprecedented depth using a given mass spectrometry technology. GreenPhos, with a streamlined and robust workflow, was developed for rapid enrichment of plant phosphopeptides with high sensitivity and selectivity. GreenPhos enables quantitative measurement of phosphoproteomes of different plants with unprecedented coverage achieved through single LC–MS runs and high reproducibility. Thus, it is expected that GreenPhos will serve as a universal method for plant phosphoproteomics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electro‐chemically reducing CO2 in a highly acidic medium is promising for addressing the issue of carbonate accumulation. However, the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) typically dominates the acidic CO2 reduction. Herein, we construct an efficient electro‐catalyst for CO formation based on a core‐shell structure, where nitrogen‐doped Ni nanoparticles coexist with nitrogen‐coordinated Ni single atoms. The optimal catalyst demonstrates a significantly improved CO faradaic efficiency (FE) of 96.7 % in the acidic electrolyte (pH=1) at an industrial‐scale current density of 500 mA cm−2. Notably, the optimal catalyst maintains a high FE of CO exceeding 90 % (current density=500 mA cm−2) in the electrolyte with a wide pH range from 0.67 to 14. In‐situ spectroscopic characterization and density functional theory calculations show that the local electron density of Ni‐N‐C sites is enhanced by N‐doped Ni particles, which facilitates the formation of *COOH intermediate and the adsorption of *CO. This study demonstrates the potential of a hybrid metal/Ni‐N‐C interface in boosting acidic CO2 electro‐reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The kinetics and mechanisms of selective maltose hydrogenation over Raney Ni remain poorly understood, which hinders the industrial advancement of maltitol production for biorefining. Herein, the impact of hydrogenation conditions and in‐depth mechanistic characterizations were carefully investigated in this research. Optimization of reaction conditions illustrated that maltitol formation was favored by moderate reaction temperatures (≤130°C), high hydrogen pressures (>7 MPa), and near‐neutral sodium phosphate buffer (pH = 6.47). Kinetic studies demonstrated the Ea of 45.5 kJ/mol for the hydrogenation of maltose. The in situ IR revealed that the hydrogenation of maltose over Raney Ni occurs in the order of ring opening and adsorption via CO of the aldose form followed by hydrogenation. The UV–vis spectra demonstrated the near‐neutral setting (pH = 6.47) promoted the production of open‐chain aldose conformation and selective CO hydrogenation to the corresponding alcohols. The present study on concentrated‐maltose hydrogenation paves the way for the industrial development of maltitol manufacturing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report a smart ion-exchange strategy to anchor molybdenum oxide particles on charge-modulated conjugated triazine frameworks (Mo/CTF-I) for electrochemically fixing nitrogen. The strong interaction between MoOx and CTF-I is conducive to the activation of the inert N2 molecule in the electro-chemical process. As a result, 5% Mo/CTF-I exhibited an excellent faradaic efficiency of 27.3% and an NH3 yield rate of 7.23 μg h−1 mgcat.−1 at −0.405 V vs. RHE in 0.1 M KOH, surpassing most previous reports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The precipitation and intergranular corrosion (IGC) behavior of Al–1.0Mg–0.6Si–Cu (wt.%) alloys with the addition of Cu ranged from 0.3 to 0.6 wt.% were investigated by optical microscope and transmission electron microscopy. The results indicated that the Cu addition significantly improves the hardness of the alloys during under-aging progress by accelerating the precipitation of GP zones. The addition of Cu has changed the composition of precipitation and facilitated the formation of β′′-Mg5Si6 precipitates with high density and fine distribution. When the Cu content is added to 0.6 wt.%, the type of precipitation has changed. In addition to the needle-shaped β′′ phase, a new-plate Q′ phase precipitated during peak-aging conditions. The 0.6 wt.% Cu alloy shows superior strength with tensile yield strength of 328 MPa, ultimate tensile strength of 368 MPa, and elongation of 16.0%. However, the IGC resistance decreased with the Cu content increasing from 0.3 to 0.6 wt.%, which mainly resulted from the segregation of Cu elements and the formation of continuous Q′ precipitates at the grain boundaries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influence of partial substitution of Hf for Zr on the microstructure and thermal stability of near‐α high‐temperature titanium alloys is systematically investigated. The results show that the addition of Hf promotes the refinement of precipitated phases of the silicides and α2 phase and the (Ti,Zr,Hf)6(Si,Sn)3 S2‐type silicides were formed in alloys after aging treatment. During thermal exposure, both silicides and α2 phase in alloy with 2.5 wt% Hf exhibited excellent anti‐coarsening ability, which may be attributed to the slow diffusion of Hf in Ti that significantly inhibited the growth rate of the precipitated phase. The loss of plasticity of near‐α titanium alloys after thermal exposure is mainly due to the precipitation and coarsening of silicides and α2 phase, therefore, the Hf‐containing titanium alloy has more excellent thermal stability, i.e., the plasticity loss rate is decreased from 34.8% (the alloy without Hf) to 7.4% (the alloy with 2.5 wt% Hf). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To resolve the issues of a highly polluting and energy-intensive industry based on the Reppe method, herein we developed an economically feasible green route for the synthesis of poly(tetramethylene ether glycol) (PTMEG) and methane from furfural (FA). The synthesis route consisted of the base metal Ni and/or Cu catalyzed full hydrogenation of FA, followed by the subsequent selective hydrodeoxygenation of tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol (THFA) to tetrahydrofuran (THF) and methane. The latter was the key step for the process, where tetrahydrofurfural acted as an important intermediate in the alcohol–aldehyde equilibrium of THFA conversion on the Ni surface in a fix-bed reactor. This was followed by its decarbonylation to 2,3-dihydrofuran and CO, and subsequent hydrogenation to THF and methane. THF polymerization was catalyzed by phosphotungstic acid (PWA) with epichlorohydrin (ECH) as the initiator to produce PTMEG with a controllable molecular weight and distribution (Mw = 1889, D = 1.483). The comparative techno-economic analysis also demonstrated that the furfural method was more responsive to economic and green concerns than the traditional Reppe technique. Therefore, as the highly polluting and energy-intensive Reppe industry will most likely be restricted in a low carbon society, the green and economical furfural method is poised to establish sustained competitiveness for producing bio-PTMEG and bio-methane in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Luminescence, a physical phenomenon that producing cool light in vivo, has been found in bacteria, fungi, and animals but not yet in terrestrial higher plants. Through genetic engineering, it is feasible to introduce luminescence systems into living plant cells as biomarkers. Recently, some plants transformed with luminescent systems can glimmer in darkness, which can be observed by our naked eyes and provides a novel lighting resource. In this review, we summarized the bioassay development of luminescence in plant cells, followed by exampling the successful cases of glowing plants transformed with diverse luminescent systems. The potential key factors to design or optimize a glowing plant were also discussed. Our review is useful for the creation of the optimized glowing plants, which can be used not only in scientific research, but also as promising substitutes of artificial light sources in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a previous study, three kinds of polymers are synthesized by the covalent bonding of three anthraquinone chromophores to polyphenylene sulfone. Herein, the nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of solutions and thin films of anthraquinone‐containing polyphenylsulfone, which can function as effective optical limiting materials are discussed in detail. The reasons for the improved NLO properties of the thin films are explained from the perspective of chromophore content, polarization orientation, and energy level transition. In addition, the NLO properties thermal stability and chemical stability of the three polymers are tested. The results show that the three types of polyphenylsulfone materials have excellent optical limiting properties. Further, since the nonlinear optical coefficient decreases by less than 8% after treatment by heat and acid or basic solutions, they exhibit excellent nonlinear optical stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the transformation from traditional manufacturing to intelligent manufacturing, customer-oriented personalized customization has gradually become the main mode of production. Interactive algorithms determine the pros and cons of the solution via customers which can make customers better participants in the customization process. However, if the population size is expanded and the number of evolutionary iterations is too high, frequent interactions are likely to cause customer fatigue. This paper proposes an adaptive interactive artificial immune algorithm based on improved hierarchical clustering. This algorithm uses the improved hierarchical clustering algorithm to optimize generation of the initial antibodies and applies the affinity calculation method based on customer intention, adaptive crossover and mutation operators, and a multisolution reservation method based on hybrid selection strategy to the artificial immune algorithm. Via empirical research on the customized operational data of wheel hubs, the proposed method effectively solves the problem of customer fatigue, significantly improves the convergence speed of the algorithm and reduces the time cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An efficient formaldehyde (HCHO) gas sensor system based on nickel-doped tin oxide (Ni-doped SnO2) nanoparticle sensor and back-end circuit has been developed. Ni-doped SnO2 nanoparticles are prepared by a simple one-step hydrothermal method. To complete the function of detecting HCHO gas in real time, a back-end circuit suitable for resistance measurement of nanoparticle sensors and an organic light emitting diode screen which can display the output of gas concentration data are integrated as a portable device. Compared with the traditional HCHO detection device, this designed system exhibits better stability, excellent selectivity, and high response. Its detection limit is as low as 90 ppb. The gas response to 50 ppm HCHO is 67.63. Further for the quantitative evaluation, we refer to and modify the existing HCHO diffusion model, then carry out a practical test on the HCHO diffusion at the same time. The comparison between the theoretical fitting curve and the actual test curve matched well enough to reflect the potential of this system for the practical HCHO evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chemical warfare agents, particularly nerve agents such as sarin, are exceptionally harmful and incredibly perilous to people. Thus, the sensitive detection of these gases is indispensable for reducing the risk of chemical weapons. Herein, we fabricated a room-temperature chemiresistive gas sensor based on two-dimensional few-layer tungsten diselenide (WSe2) nanosheets, which were prepared through a facile liquid-phase exfoliation method. The WSe2-based sensor has demonstrated sensitive and selective detection of dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP), which is a well-known simulant of the nerve agent sarin. The sensor based on WSe2 nanosheets revealed a high response reaching 8.91% to 10 ppm DMMP with a fast response time of 100 s. Furthermore, the sensor displayed reliable stability, excellent selectivity, and a low theoretical limit of detection of about 122 ppb. The enhanced sensing performance of WSe2 nanosheets can be ascribed to the increase of the specific surface area, which provides more active adsorption sites for DMMP molecules, thereby facilitating the charge transfer process between DMMP molecules and WSe2 nanosheets. Overall, our results indicate that two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide materials have the potential for the design and fabrication of high-performance nerve agent sensing devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Toluene biodegradation from synthetic waste gas by aerobic denitrification using nitrate as an electron acceptor in a biotrickling filter (BTF) was investigated. Toluene removal efficiency achieved 92.3% in 105 days of operation. Pseudomonas, Paracoccus, Flavobacterium, SM1A02, Acinetobacter, Blastocatella, Moheibacter, Chlamydiales, Rhodobacter, and Ottowia were dominant toluene-degrading genus. Bradyrhizobium, Comamonas, Cupriavidus, Pseudomonas, Pseuoxanthomonas, and Ralstonia simultaneously had the ability to participate the process of toluene biodegradation and denitrification. BTF used nitrate or oxygen as electron acceptor, toluene as electron donor, and thereby redox between toluene and nitrate was formed, to realize toluene oxidation. BTF was capable of toluene oxidation by denitrification. These results show that the aerobic denitrifying BTF is achievable and open new possibilities for applying the BTF to the removal of volatile organic compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal phthalocyanines (MPcs) have attracted great interest in the gas sensing field, but the long recovery time with hard desorption of gas has hindered their further practical application. The combination of cobalt and carboxyl groups increases the electron concentration. Herein, cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc–COOH) modified with carboxyl groups was prepared and applied to detect nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and its sensing performance at room temperature was determined. These CoPc–COOH nanofibres have demonstrated outstanding recovery performance at an ultralow laser exposure. In particular, UV-Vis and FTIR results indicate no change in the molecular structure of CoPc–COOH powders before and after laser exposure. The enhancement in the recovery properties of the laser-assisted method can be attributed to the generation of electron and hole pairs in the CoPc–COOH nanofibres, where the adsorbed NO2 molecules transformed from NO2− to NO2 by taking one hole with faster desorption. Thus, our study provides a valuable gas sensing recovery mode and mechanism for constructing practical gas sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recalcitrance of lignin with non-hydrolyzable C–O–C bonds, as well as the tendency for its phenolic fragments to polymerize into more recalcitrant polymers, leads to low-efficiency lignin deconstruction processes, such as low lignin concentrations during treatment. Herein, we developed a tandem catalytic approach for the conversion of highly concentrated lignin to stable cyclic alkanes by introducing Pt/HAP into a Ni/ASA catalyst in dodecane media. The incorporated Pt/HAP changes the simultaneous hydrogenation and hydrogenolysis of lignin on Ni/ASA into tandem reactions on a physically mixed Pt/HAP and Ni/ASA catalyst, involving the initial selective lignin depolymerization over Pt/HAP and the following hydrodeoxygenation of phenols over Ni/ASA, as evidenced by kinetic studies. In this tandem approach, the preferred initial lignin depolymerization, instead of lignin hydrogenation, originates from the strong adsorption and high C–O cleavage selectivity of lignin on the introduced Pt/HAP, as confirmed by UV-Vis, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), 2D-heteronuclear single quantum coherence nuclear magnetic resonance (2D-HSQC NMR), and catalytic tests. The rates of lignin depolymerization and the hydrodeoxygenation of depolymerized phenols are matched when the mass ratio of Pt/HAP and Ni/ASA is set at 1 : 1, allowing this approach to proceed with the highest lignin concentrations (150 g L−1) so far reported, with conversion to cyclic alkanes with 42 wt% yield without coke formation in dodecane at 300 °C in the presence of 6 MPa H2. Promisingly, the developed approach may lay a solid foundation for future industrial applications relating to lignin valorization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this contribution, we report a facile and green process for the quantitative transformation of natural oils, fatty esters, and fatty acids to fatty alcohols over N-modified carbon (N–C) supported RuSn catalysts in water at low temperatures (140–180 °C). The synthesis of the N–C support was carried out by using a one-pot process with melamine, glucose, and ZnCl2 as reactants. The presence of Sn nanoparticles, and pyridinic and pyrrolic nitrogen in the modified N–C support favoured the good dispersion of Ru nanoparticles, improved the hydrophilic properties of the catalyst for staying in the water layer, and facilitated the adsorption of the carbonyl groups. After strongly interacting with the carbonyl group of fatty acids over Sn nanoparticles and N-groups, Ru nanoparticles catalysed the further acid hydrogenation to the intermediate aldehyde, and subsequently to the target fatty alcohol at a fast rate. This provides a useful and simple method for synthesizing highly hydrothermal-stable metal supported carbon catalysts, which can facilely and selectively hydrogenate the aqueous biomass to value-added chemicals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Hydrogen is an important sustainable resource, and here we report a catalytic route for the direct production of hydrogen (with a purity of 95 %) and dimethoxylmethane (DMM) from supercritical methanol over a Cu/SiO2 catalyst prepared by deposition–precipitation with ammonia (DPA) at 240°C in a one‐pot process. The procedure starts with methanol dehydrogenation to hydrogen and formaldehyde at the interface of the Cu2O⋅SiO2–Cu0 particle mixture, and subsequently, the formaldehyde intermediate condenses with substantial methanol to form DMM in the liquid phase. The Cu0, CuO, and chrysocolla species are inactive for hydrogen generation from methanol, and the intrinsic active species for methanol decomposition is the Cu2O⋅SiO2–Cu0 nanoparticle interface, which is produced from the hydrogen reduction of Cu2Si2O5(OH)2 or from the methanol reduction of Cu−O−Si moieties. A correlation between the structure and activity on reduced Cu/SiO2 (DPA) suggested that only Cu0 was not active, but the combined Cu0 and Cu+ sites with interfaces on SiO2 with an optimal Cu+/Cu0 ratio of 1.56 were highly active for methanol dehydrogenation and subsequent condensation steps. The developed new catalytic system offers a facile and atom‐economical way to generate pure hydrogen (almost CO free) from liquid methanol that can be used in fuel cell and hydrogen‐involved biomass reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrothermal reduction under aqueous conditions is widely used to convert biomass into more valuable products. However, the harsh conditions inherent in the process can irreversibly alter the intrinsic structure of the support, as well as dissolve the metal ions into the aqueous solution. In this work, for the first time we have synthesized a new highly hydrothermally stable Ru/LaCO3OH catalyst mostly consisting of Ru nanoparticles partially encapsulated by the LaCO3OH support with a strong metal–support interaction (SMSI), which confers high stability and activity to the catalyst under hydrothermal reduction conditions in the hydrogenolysis of the biomass model molecules guaiacol and glycerol. During impregnation, the RuCl3·3H2O precursor initially reacts with LaCO3OH to form a LaRu(CO3)2Cl2 complex and LaOCl. XPS demonstrated that Ru was present in the oxidized state, TEM and XRD showed the absence of Ru0, and the XRD pattern showed the presence of the characteristic lattice fringe of LaOCl. While the LaRu(CO3)2Cl2 complex was resistant to H2 reduction at 350 °C, the complex underwent facile reduction to Ru0 under hydrothermal conditions at 240 °C. In the subsequent process, LaRu(CO3)2Cl2 and LaOCl underwent hydrolysis, forming crystalline LaCO3OH (confirmed by Ag+ titration and XRD patterns), Ru(OH)3, and HCl. The Ru(OH)3 was reduced in situ to Ru0 nanoparticles, as revealed by XPS and TEM analysis. The simultaneous hydrothermal reduction of Run+ species and the formation of crystalline LaCO3OH result in the formation of Ru nanoparticles encapsulated by a protective LaCO3OH layer, as evidenced by HRTEM and DRIFTS CO adsorption measurements. The preparation of catalysts with this unique structure comprising metal nanoparticles protected by the support itself, which confers additional stability, is a novel strategy to prepare hydrothermally stable catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel one-pot approach selects a hydrothermally synthesized Cu/SiO2 catalyst (consisting of Cu2O·SiO2 and Cu0 surface species) to catalyze the reduction of a series of fatty esters, fatty acids, and coconut oil to fatty alcohols at 240 °C in methanol without extraneous hydrogen, attaining around 85% conversion and 100% selectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Isothermal compression testing of Ti–5.8Al–3Sn–5Zr–0.5Mo–1.0Nb–1.0Ta–0.4Si–0.2Er titanium alloy is performed on a Gleeble-3500 thermal simulator, and the corresponding microstructures are analyzed to clarify the softening mechanism and participates evolution. A constitutive equation compensated by strain has been established to describe the hot deformation behavior of the alloy. The deformation activation energies are calculated to be 369760.93–699310.86 J/mol in α + β two-phase region and 268030.03–325800.41 J/mol in β single-phase region. At a temperature of 880 °C, the main softening mechanism is the continuous dynamic recrystallization of lamellar α colony, controlled by the mechanical rotation of the sub-grain followed by dislocation climbing and annihilation by diffusion. Meanwhile, the dominant softening mechanism is the discontinuous dynamic recrystallization of β phase during the deformation at temperatures of 920 °C–1080 °C. Silicide containing Er with an average diameter of 20 nm is formed during the water quenching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As-annealed commercial pure titanium (grade 1) was selected as a model material whose crystalline structure was hexagonal close-packed. The evolution of the microstructure and micro-orientation induced by high-speed compression was characterized to elaborate the formation mechanism of the high-speed deformation characteristic microstructure in α-titanium. Twinning played a coordinating role for dislocation slipping that was the main plastic deformation mechanism. The high-speed deformation characteristic microstructure of as-annealed commercial pure titanium was an adiabatic shear band (ASB) with an average width of 50 μm at a strain rate of 5400 s−1, whose initial grains were 0.5–1.0 μm in size. The formation and extension of ASB were attributed to the interaction between the shear stress and the adiabatic temperature rise. A formation model of ASB in α-Ti was proposed in terms of the formation mechanism of the high-speed deformation characteristic microstructure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ZnWO, as an environment-friendly and economic material, has the potential for Li ion batteries (LIB) application. In this paper, a facile method has been developed to synthesize ZnWO supported on the reduced graphene oxide (RGO) to improve its LIB performance. The cuboid-like ZnWO nanocrystals are prepared by directly adding NaWO powders into the graphene oxide/Zn aqueous solution followed by a hydrothermal treatment. The high-resolution TEM, XRD and XPS characterizations were employed to demonstrate structural information of the as-prepared ZnWO/RGO hybrids carefully. Besides, we also discussed the LIB properties of the hybrids based on the detailed galvanostatic charge-discharge cycling tests. As a result, the specific capacity of the as-prepared ZnWO/RGO hybrids reached more than 477.3 mA h g after 40 cycles at a current density of 100 mA g (only less than 159 mA g for bare ZnWO). During the whole cyclic process, the coulombic efficiency steadily kept the values higher than 90%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Correction for 'The conversion of a high concentration of lignin to cyclic alkanes by introducing Pt/HAP into a Ni/ASA catalyst' by Shufang Qin et al., Green Chem., 2020, 22, 2901–2908, DOI: 10.1039/D0GC00243G. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eco‐friendly polymeric dyes with excellent thermal stability, good mechanical performance, and robust chemical stability are highly desired for their diverse and practical applications in food, medicine, electronics and aerospace, etc. However, it remains a big challenge to develop them. Herein, a novel type of eco‐friendly polymeric dye is fabricated by covalently bonding anthraquinone chromophores onto polyphenylsulfone at a molecular level. The obtained polymeric dyes exhibit excellent thermal stability, with a weight loss of 5% at temperatures above 500 °C in air and negligible changes in both color appearance and transparency after being treated at 200 °C in air for 8 h, good mechanical performance with a tensile strength around 70 MPa, and robust chemical stability with demonstrated insolubility and very outstanding colorfastness and anti‐permeability against strong acidic or basic solutions for 7 days at room temperature. These outstanding properties make these polymeric dyes suitable for use in harsh conditions, exceeding existing polymeric dyes, which makes them good to use in some special engineering plastics. A kind of eco‐friendly polymeric dye is developed by covalently bonding anthraquinone chromophores into polyphenylsulfone at the molecular level. The as‐prepared polymer dyes exhibit excellent thermal stability, good mechanical performance, and robust chemical stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, semi‐solid Al–7Si–0.4Mg–x erbium(Er) (x = 0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.8 wt%) alloys are fabricated via electromagnetic stirring method. The effects of Er on the microstructures and mechanical properties of semi‐solid Al–7Si–0.4Mg alloys are investigated. Results show that the eutectic π‐phase is modified to fine sized Er‐poor π‐phase and primary α‐Al is refined in semi‐solid Al–7Si–0.4Mg alloys with the addition of Er. Meanwhile, the plate‐like shape eutectic Si is transformed into fibrous eutectic Si with addition of Er, which has an excellent modification effect on the eutectic Si. Nucleation rate of the Er‐poor π‐phase is increased with a higher super cooling rate, which causes the refinement of primary α‐Al and the modification of eutectic Si phase. With the addition of 0.3 wt% Er, semi‐solid Al–7Si–0.4Mg alloys obtain the best tensile properties. The ultimate tensile strength and elongation values are 228 MPa and 10.4%, which is increased by 7% and 50% than Er‐free alloy, respectively. With the addition of Er into semi‐solid Al–7Si–0.4Mg alloys, the Chinese script π‐Fe phase is modified to fine size and globule Er‐poor π‐phase. The addition of 0.3% Er to semi‐solid Al–7Si–0.4Mg alloy improves the tensile strength about 7%, especially elongation (50%), which is attributed to the combined action of eutectic Si modification, primary α‐Al grain refinement, and π‐phase modification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]