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Surface defects of explosive cartridge in the automatic sorting process are of a small area, irregular shape, and random distribution, and all problematic characteristics that hinder surface defect detection. To address these issues, a new multidefect detection method has been proposed in this paper based on a combination of an improved visual attention model and image partitioning-weighted eigenvalue (IP-WEV). First, image preprocessing is carried out by a background estimation algorithm. Then, a new fusion operator based on defects discrimination is implemented in a visual attention model to integrate intensity, orientation, and edge conspicuity into a saliency graph, in which a saliency effect of defects is considered during the fusion process. Third, a saliency map is divided into image blocks based on the image variance. This allows for the extraction of image blocks including defects, the calculation of the weighted eigenvalue, and the determination of regions containing multidefect. The IP-WEV is used to make a decision for multidefect. The experimental results show this method’s detection accuracy as 98.2%, with a less computation time and quickly detection speed. Therefore, this method could be adopted for on-line detection systems for explosive cartridge surface defects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today’s changeable market and resultant disturbance of crude oil supply require agile and flexible scheduling of crude oil operation. The objective of flexible scheduling is to keep stable crude oil operation and satisfy production demands under the circumstances of supply disturbance. In this paper, a new mixed integer non-linear programming (MINLP) formulation is set up for crude oil scheduling firstly, and then some heuristic rules worked out by some experts are proposed to linearize bilinear terms and prefix some binary variables in the MINLP model. These rules not only reduce the complexity of the MINLP model, but also can be used to solve the scheduling problems in various conditions. In case study, the new model with heuristic rules and the best models reported in the literature are compared and evaluated in three benchmark examples in the normal situation, and then three abnormal situations of supply delay are considered based on the new approach. The results of case study show that the new flexible approach can handle crude oil scheduling problems efficiently in both normal and abnormal conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]