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Purpose: Evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of the ING3 in actinic cheilitis and squamous cell carcinoma of the lower lip. Methods: Forty-five specimens of actinic cheilitis and 48 specimens of squamous cell carcinoma of the lower lip were submitted to immunohistochemical detection of ING3. The protein expression in different cellular sublocations was compared between the two groups, and associations with the clinicopathological variables were analyzed. A significance level of 5% was adopted for all tests. Results: Deaths were significantly more frequent in tumors with a high histopathological risk score (p < 0.05). In actinic cheilitis, significant differences were found in the nucleus-cytoplasmic expression of ING3 and expression restricted to the cytoplasm with binary histopathological grading (p < 0.05). In squamous cell carcinoma of the lower lip, there was no statistically significant difference when comparing ING3 expressions with clinical and morphological parameters (p > 0.05). Nucleo-cytoplasmic ING3 expression was significantly lower in squamous cell carcinoma of the lower lip when compared to actinic cheilitis (p < 0.05) and the expression restricted to the cytoplasm was significantly higher in squamous cell carcinoma of the lower lip (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that there is a marked decrease in the nuclear expression of ING3 as malignant progression occurs, indicating an impaired tumor suppressor function of this protein in actinic cheilitis and squamous cell carcinoma of the lower lip. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Lower lip squamous cell carcinomas (LLSCCs) exhibit lower levels of aggressiveness, low relations with metastases and better prognosis when compared with intraoral squamous cell carcinomas. Differently from the oral tongue squamous cell carcinomas (OTSCCs) have a high tendency towards local invasion and lymph nodal dissemination. Our aim was to evaluate tumor thickness in cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma and correlate it with histological grade of malignancy and GATA3 immunoreactivity. Methods: Sixty specimens (30 LLSCCs and 30 OTSCCs) were scanned and digitized for the subsequent measurement of tumor thickness, histopathological examination, and quantitative analysis of GATA3 in the parenchyma and stroma of the tumors. Results: Tumor thickness was lower in LLSCC compared to OTSCCs. Immunohistochemical analysis of GATA3 in parenchyma, stroma and both compartments showed higher immunoreactivity in LLSCCs compared to OTSCCs. We observed a negative correlation between tumor thickness and GATA3 expression in parenchyma, stroma, and both compartments. Our results revealed the presence of GATA3 in all cases both in the parenchyma and in the stroma. Higher expression was more related to LLSCCs, which are known to be less aggressive tumors than OTSCCs. Conclusions: A greater tumor thickness was found in OTSCCs, which was correlated with lower expression of GATA3, suggesting that this protein is involved in the inhibition of proliferative, migratory, and invasive capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Ear, Nose & Throat & Head & Neck Surgery is the property of Turkiye Klinikleri and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: This systematic review aimed to conduct a complete investigation of the demographic aspects, clinicopathological features, degrees of epithelial dysplasia, and malignant transformation rate of actinic cheilitis. Methods: The study was performed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42020201254). A search without year and language restrictions was performed using PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Virtual Health Library, Scopus, Web of Science, and gray literature. Studies that provided information on patients with actinic cheilitis were included, excluding those with general information on other diseases or other types of cheilitis. Risk of bias was explored using the Joanna Briggs Institute tool. Narrative and quantitative data syntheses were performed using meta-analyses and subgroup analyses. Association tests were also performed. Results: Thirteen studies (728 patients) were included. The most prevalent clinical signs were dryness (99%), blurred demarcation between the lip vermilion and skin (82%), scaling (69%), and atrophy (69%). Regarding epithelial dysplasia, a prevalence of mild dysplasia (34.2%), followed by moderate (27.5%), and severe (14.9%). The malignant transformation rate was 14%. Crusts, ulcerations, and erythematous areas were associated with lip carcinoma (p < 0.001), and scaling was associated with actinic cheilitis (p < 0.001). Conclusions: This study revealed several features of actinic cheilitis, providing an overview of the disease. It is suggested that new studies help develop policy guides for the standardization of clinical criteria, enabling more rigorous and homogeneous analysis of actinic cheilitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia (IPEH) is a rare benign non-neoplastic vascular lesion. A typical presentation consists of a subcutaneous nodule that may simulate other clinical entities. Presentation in the oral cavity is uncommon. It is thought to develop as an abnormal proliferative reaction of endothelial cells in a process of impaired thrombogenesis. When endothelial proliferation occurs, a differential diagnosis with a soft tissue sarcoma, in particular an angiosarcoma, should be performed. We report a case of a 68-year-old female patient who presented with a lesion on the upper lip of 3 months' duration. Surgical resection revealed an IPEH. 1 year later, the patient showed a local recurrence requiring excision with clear margins. Pathological and immunohistochemical features can help us distinguish these lesions from those requiring more aggressive treatment. The gold standard is surgical resection with clear margins. Accurate preoperative diagnosis is essential to avoid overtreatment. Emphasis should be placed on clinical, radiological and histological studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To identify the immunohistochemical pattern of non‐tumoral epithelium adjacent to lip cancer (ANTE) to unveil molecular alterations and potential biomarkers in lip cancer patients. Materials and Methods: A systematic search at MEDLINE, EMBASE and proceedings Web of Science, OpenGrey and WorldCat. The PICOS outline (Population: lip cancer patients; Intervention: immunostaining with biomarkers in surgical specimens; Comparisons: ANTE versus LC; Outcomes: primary—to identify the immunohistochemical pattern of peritumoral epithelium and secondary—to assess the immunoreactivity of LC epithelium; and Study design: cross‐sectional, case‐control and cohort studies). Results: A total of 339 records were identified. Seven studies reporting on ANTE and LCs were included in the qualitative synthesis, and 4 of them (p53 immunostaining) were selected for meta‐analysis. In the ANTE group, the pooled prevalence of p53 was 0.74 (95% CI: 0.66 – 0.82), while in the lip squamous cell carcinoma group this prevalence was 0.83 (95% CI: 0.75 – 0.89). Conclusions: Similar immunoexpression was found in lip epithelium adjacent to lip carcinoma, even in epithelia with normal appearance or mild histological alterations. The role of biomarkers in the follow‐up of actinic cheilitis patients deserves additional clinical assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lip cancer is closely linked to chronic exposure to solar radiation, while tongue cancer, the most common intraoral neoplasm, is mainly related to tobacco and/or alcohol consumption. Lip cancer has a much better prognosis than tongue cancer. The objective of this study was to assess the differentiating features between squamous cell carcinomas located on both the lip and the tongue. A search for studies on lip cancer and tongue cancer was performed in the following databases: PubMed (MEDLINE and Cochrane Library), Web of Science (WoS), and Scopus. The estimated prevalence of lip and tongue cancers was calculated according to the random model of DerSimonian and Laird. For categorical outcomes, Pearson's Chi-square test was used with Fisher's exact test when required. Thirty-two studies were included in this review. Considering the whole oral tumor locations, the estimated prevalence of lip cancer was 23.43% and in tongue cancer, 27.58%. A greater number of lip cancers were found in males, were classified as T1, were well-differentiated tumors, and had a higher 5-year survival rate. In contrast, a greater number of tongue cancers were observed in younger patients, tobacco and/or alcohol users, presented lymph node metastases, and more advanced tumor stages. Although both tumors are located in the mouth, lip cancers and tongue cancers have different clinicopathological features and biological behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data on the occurrence and clinicopathological characteristics of actinic cheilitis (AC) and lip squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) are well studied; however, they are based on studies limited to a single centre. Herein, we described the frequency of AC and LSCC submitted to microscopic examination from representative geographic regions of Brazil. A retrospective multicentre study was performed on biopsies obtained from 1953 to 2018 at 10 Brazilian oral and maxillofacial pathology centres. A total of 198,709 biopsy specimens were surveyed. Sociodemographic data and clinicopathologic characteristics were analysed. A total of 2017 cases of ACs (1.0%) and 850 cases of LSCCs (0.4%) were recorded. A strong fair-skinned (> 87%) male (> 70%) predilection was observed in both conditions. The mean age was 54.8 ± 18.7 for individuals with AC and 57.8 ± 19.0 for individuals with LSCC. The most commonly affected site was the lower lip (> 90%). This is a large multicentre study of AC and LSCC from Brazil. The frequency and clinicopathological features of AC and LSCC were similar to those described worldwide. This study provides robust and representative epidemiological data of these conditions for the scientific community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Medical Bulletin of Haseki / Haseki Tip Bulteni is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Vascular Leiomyoma (VL) is a benign soft tissue tumor rarely observed in oral tissues. The aim of this paper is to present a new case of vascular leiomyoma of the lip (VLL), describing its clinical, microscopical, and immunohistochemical features, and review the literature on the tumor. A 27-year-old woman presented with a small painful lesion on lower lip mucosa. Excisional biopsy revealed a well-circumscribed, encapsulated mass formed by small and fusiform cells. Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed intense and diffuse expression of smooth muscle actin (SMA) within the tumor cells and CD34 immunoreactivity of the endothelial cells lining the vascular spaces, indicating the presence of blood vessels. A final diagnosis of VLL was established. No signs of recurrence were observed after five years of follow-up. Although VLL is a rare lesion, it must be considered in the differential diagnosis of nodular lesions on lower and upper lips. O Leiomioma Vascular é um tumor benigno de tecidos moles raramente observado nos tecidos da cavidade bucal. O objetivo desse artigo é apresentar um novo caso de um leiomioma vascular no lábio (LVL), descrevendo seus achados clínicos, microscópicos e imunoistoquímicos, e revisar a literatura sobre o tumor. Uma mulher de 27 anos de idade se apresentou com uma pequena lesão dolorosa na mucosa do lábio inferior. A biópsia excisional revelou um massa encapsulada e bem circunscrita, formada por células pequenas e fusiformes. A análise imunoistoquímica revelou expressão intensa e difusa de actina musculo liso (AML) nas células tumorais e imunorreatividade para CD34 em células endoteliais que revestem espaços vasculares, indicando a presença de vasos sanguíneos. O diagnóstico final de LVL foi estabelecido. Não foram observados sinais de recorrência após cinco anos de acompanhamento. Embora o LVL seja uma lesão rara, deve ser considerada no diagnóstico diferencial de lesões nodulares nos lábios inferior e superior. El leiomioma vascular (LV) es un tumor benigno de tejido blando que rara vez se observa en los tejidos orales. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar un nuevo caso de leiomioma vascular del labio (VLL), describiendo sus características clínicas, microscópicas e inmunohistoquímicas, y revisar la literatura sobre el tumor. Una mujer de 27 años presentó una pequeña lesión dolorosa en la mucosa del labio inferior. La biopsia escisional reveló una masa encapsulada bien circunscrita formada por células pequeñas y fusiformes. El análisis de inmunohistoquímica reveló una expresión intensa y difusa de actina del músculo liso (AME) dentro de las células tumorales y la inmunorreactividad CD34 de las células endoteliales que recubren los espacios vasculares, lo que indica la presencia de vasos sanguíneos. Se estableció un diagnóstico final de VLL. No se observaron signos de recurrencia después de cinco años de seguimiento. Aunque VLL es una lesión rara, debe considerarse en el diagnóstico diferencial de las lesiones nodulares en los labios inferior y superior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. The aim of our study was to analyze the number and structure of patients diagnosed and treated due to cancers of lips, mouth and throat in Poland between 2008 and 2015. Material and methods. Secondary statistical analysis of data obtained from the Polish National Cancer Registry (KRN) and Polish National Health Fund (NFZ), concerning patients diagnosed for the first time between 2008 and 2015. Results. Based on the available data, in total there were 30 800 new cases of cancers in population of Poland, and 29 800 people starting their treatment financed from the National Health Fund. Discussion. Cancers of the discussed locations, considered individually, are often rare diseases, with the incidence counted in hundreds of people per year in the entire Polish population. Due to the etiology and course, however, they should be analyzed together, which means that they become a significant group. Conclusions. In recent years, the annual incidence of these tumours was about 4000 cases, 70% of them were men. There is an approximately 10% difference in the number of registered cases of these cancers in NFZ databases. The creation of a medical register, including administrative, epidemiological and clinical data, would significantly improve the observation of the population of patients with these tumours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Many authors have described clinicopathologic parameters as factors related to cervical lymph node metastasis development in CN0 stage lip cancer. However, predictive factors for occult lymph node metastasis and criteria for elective neck dissection, especially for early tumour, remain undefined. Methods: A multi-institutional study with 193 consecutive patients with early lip SCC treated from January 1990 to March 2006 was carried out retrospectively to determine factors predicting occult metastasis. Results: The overall late LNM rate was 13% (25/193). In the multivariate logistic regression study, tumour size and pattern of tumour invasion were factors related to the occurrence of late LNM with rates of sensitivity, specifity and accuracy for occult LNM prediction of 50%, 89.5% and 87%, respectively. Conclusion: Our results indicate that patients with stage I and II SCC of the lip with tumour size greater than 18 mm and more aggressive pattern of invasion must be considered a high-risk group for LNM and an END should be performed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Primary manifestations of extraganglion non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) from T-cells in the oral cavity are rare and often difficult to diagnose. Herein, we describe a case of T-cell NHL with a primary lesion on the lip diagnosed with a 25-year-old woman. The patient reported the appearance of the initial lesion on the upper lip, which advanced to the hard palate and oral mucosa. Histological examination and immunohistochemistry were compatible with peripheral T-cell NHL without further specifications. The proposed treatment consisted of six cycles of multiagent chemotherapy. The patient died from complications of the disease before the third cycle of chemotherapy. Understanding the clinical signs of lymphoma is important for the early diagnosis of this disease to avoid aggressive and potentially fatal behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The aim of this work was to evaluate the expression of the cancer stem cell (CSC) markers CD44, ALDH1 and p75NTR in the ultraviolet-induced lesions actinic cheilitis (AC) and lip squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC), and to correlate it with p53 expression.Methods: Immunohistochemistry was performed in 4 cases of normal lip (NL), 43 of AC and 20 of LSCC.Results: All cases were positive for CD44, showing a membranous staining without differences between the groups. ALDH1 showed cytoplasmic staining and it was invariable amongst the grades of epithelial dysplasia and between AC and LSCC. p75NTR presented membranous/cytoplasmic staining in the basal and parabasal layer of NL and AC, while LSCC presented cytoplasmic staining in the peripheral layers of the tumor islands. p75NTR showed different expression amongst the dysplasia grades (p < 0.001) but no differences between AC and LSCC. p53 expression was similar amongst the dysplasia grades and between AC and LSCC. CD44, ALDH1 and p75NTR were unrelated amongst themselves and to p53 expression.Conclusions: CSC markers are expressed in potentially malignant and malignant lesions of the lip. Their expressions were invariable between AC and LSCC and unrelated to p53. p75NTR expression increased with the worsening of epithelial dysplasia grade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An early diagnosis is of overwhelming importance for the management and prognosis of mucocutaneous cancer. Actinic cheilitis (AC), defined by the clonal expansion of genomically unstable keratinocytes, is the most common potentially malignant lesion affecting the lips. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most frequent oral malignancy, and there is strong evidence that the majority of the SCCs of the lip originate from AC. There is considerable difficulty in discerning between dysplasia and invasive carcinomas solely on a clinical basis. Although dermoscopy has become an essential tool for skin tumor evaluation, reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) is a non-invasive imaging technology that has proved itself extremely useful in the diagnosis and monitoring of several skin diseases, including AC and SCC. The present study aimed to re-emphasize the usefulness of RCM in the early detection of malignant transformation, using AC and SCC of the lips as working examples. Due to the apparent innocuousness of AC for numerous patients, it is not possible to overstress the importance of a correct and early diagnosis, proper treatment and long-term patient follow-up as being essential for preventing the progression to lip SCC, or for its timely diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives:To determine the locoregional control and survival rates (in terms of risk factors) of patients who underwent surgical resection of early-stage lip cancer and for whom a ‘wait and see’ policy in terms of neck status had been implemented.Methods:The sociodemographic data, tumour stage, tumour characteristics and histopathological features of 41 patients with early-stage lip cancer were evaluated. Factors predictive of survival and locoregional recurrence were analysed. The five-year overall survival and disease-free survival rates were determined, and the prognostic risk factors were compared.Results:The mean follow-up period was 60.5 months (range, 4–92 months). Age, sex, tumour stage, tumour thickness and volume, and perineural involvement were not predictive of locoregional recurrence or survival. Pathological tumour stage (T1vs T2) was a prognostic factor for both five-year overall survival (87.3 vs 65.6 per cent, p = 0.042) and disease-free survival (88.6 vs 65.6 per cent, p = 0.037).Conclusion:Tumour stage was clearly a major factor affecting the prognosis of surgically treated patients with early-stage lip cancer for whom a ‘wait and see’ policy in terms of neck status had been implemented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective:Lip carcinomas are among the most common malignant tumours of the head and neck region but reports on the course and outcome of this disease are mainly based on Mediterranean, South American, and Oceanian populations. The aim of the study was to describe the treatment and outcome of patients with lip carcinoma at a Danish department of plastic surgery. Method:We conducted a single institution retrospective cohort study including patients with primary cancer of the lips including squamous cell (SCC), basal cell (BCC), and basosquamous carcinomas (BSC) in a 5-year period. Results:We included 108 consecutive patients. Median age was 72 years (range 28 -98) and 58% were male. Seventy patients (65%) were diagnosed with SCC, 36 (33%) BCC, and 2 (2%) BSC. The majority of lesions were stage T1 (84%) and T2 (11%). An unexpected total of 35 (32%) patients experienced wound healing problems; whereof 19 (54%) classified as mild (not demanding treatment), 10 (29%) as moderate (non-functional surgical corrections or medical treatment of infection needed) and 6 (17%) experienced severe dehiscence (requiring surgical intervention for functional improvement). Total defect size ≥20 mm and full thickness excision was directly correlated to the risk of early postoperative complications (p-value: 0.03 and 0.04). Three patients (2/36 with BCC; 6% and 1/70 with SCC; 1%) developed local recurrence and five patients with SCC (5/70; 7%) developed regional lymph node metastases. One patient (1%) died from metastatic SCC. Conclusion:This study confirms that lip carcinoma is associated with a risk of recurrence and mortality. However, the risk of wound complications is notable compared to other series. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Multinucleated giant cell (MGC) reactions have been identified in several malignancies, but their frequency and significance in lower lip squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are not established. This study evaluated the MGC reactions and their association with clinicopathological parameters in lower lip SCCs. The polarization profile of these cells (M1 or M2 macrophages) was also assessed.Methods: The presence and distribution of MGC reactions in high-power fields (400×) were evaluated in hematoxylin/eosin-stained histological sections of 91 lower lip SCCs. The histopathological grade of malignancy was evaluated using two grading systems (World Health Organization [WHO] and Malignancy Grading of the Deep Invasive Margins). The histiocytic nature (CD68) and polarization profile (M1-HLA-DR+ or M2-CD163+) of MGCs were evaluated by immunohistochemistry.Results: Multinucleated giant cell reaction was identified in 36 (39.6%) cases, and its frequency was 3.3 times higher in well/moderately differentiated tumors than in poorly differentiated tumors (WHO grading system) (P = 0.006). For Malignancy Grading of the Deep Invasive Margins, the frequency was 2.03 times higher in highly/moderately keratinized tumors than in tumors with minimal/no keratinization (P = 0.012). No significant associations were observed between the presence/distribution of MGCs and clinical parameters (tumor size, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, and clinical stage) (P > 0.05). All MGCs were positive for CD68 and there was a predominance of HLA-DR+ over CD163+ MGCs (P = 0.031).Conclusions: Multinucleated giant cell reactions may not be involved in tumor progression in lower lip SCCs. In this microenvironment, MGCs tend to exhibit a predominantly M1 phenotype and may represent a foreign body reaction to SCC keratin pearls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Acetylation and deacetylation are the most studied covalent histone modifications resulting in transcriptional regulation with histone deacetylases ( HDAC) and histone acetyltransferases ( HAT) as the main associated enzymes. These enzymes overexpression induces abnormal transcription of key genes that regulate important cellular functions, such as proliferation, cell cycle regulation, and apoptosis. Thus, the expression of different HATs and HDACs has been evaluated in various cancers. Objective To investigate HDAC1, HDAC2 and HAT1 expression in lip squamous cell carcinoma ( LSCC) and actinic cheilitis ( AC) and to demonstrate their correlation with DNA metyltransferases ( DNMTs). Material and methods Thirty cases of lip squamous cell carcinoma ( LSCC), thirty cases of actinic cheilitis ( AC), and 28 cases of non-neoplastic epithelium as control were selected for immunohistochemical investigation. Results Nuclear HDAC2 immunopositivity was significantly higher in AC (75.07% ± 29.70) when compared with LSCC (51.06% ± 39.02). HDAC1 and HAT1 nuclear immunostaining were higher in AC, with no statistical significance. When comparing data with our previous study, we found a positive correlation between HDAC1 X DNMT1/ DNMT3b, HDAC2 X DNMT3b, and HAT1 X DNMT1/ DNMT3b for certain studied groups. Conclusion This study showed higher levels of nuclear HDAC2 immunopositivity in AC, possibly indicating that this enzyme plays a key role in lip photocarcinogenesis early stages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço is the property of Revista Brasileira de Cirurgia de Cabeca e Pescoco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background The purpose of this study was to assess the use of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in clinically lymph node-negative (cN0) squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the lip deemed high risk for occult nodal metastasis. Methods Twenty-six patients with cT1 to T2 cN0 with SCC of the lip underwent SLNB at a tertiary referral center between January 2001 and March 2012. Initial staging methods were clinical examination only (65.4%), ultrasound (23.1%), or CT (11.5%). Operations were performed with the patients under local anesthesia with sedation (50%) or general anesthesia (50%). Results The mean follow-up time was 53 months. Three patients (11.5%) had a positive sentinel node and were upstaged. One SLNB-related complication was observed. Regional recurrence occurred in 2 patients (7.7%). The relationship between regional status and both tumor diameter and tumor thickness was statistically significant ( p < .05). Conclusion SLNB can be a viable staging technique in SCC of the lip. Tumor diameter of ≥ 20 mm and increasing tumor thickness seem to delineate higher risk for regional disease in our study. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E1375-E1380, 2016 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective:This study aimed to evaluate the effect of tumour thickness on other clinicopathological parameters in early stage lower lip squamous cell carcinoma.Methods:Forty-six consecutive patients with lower lip squamous cell carcinoma were included in the study. Demographic, clinical and pathological data were retrospectively collected.Results:The mean follow-up period for all patients was 32.0 ± 18.9 months. Forty-four tumours were staged as T1 and two were T2. Twelve patients underwent neck dissection. Two patients presented with neck metastasis in the follow-up period. Four patients (8.7 per cent) had local recurrence. Correlation analysis revealed a significant relationship between microscopic tumour thickness and local tumour recurrence (r = 0.328, p = 0.045).Conclusion:Surgical margin control is important to prevent local recurrence, especially in thicker tumours. In addition, neck metastasis is rare in early stage lower lip squamous cell carcinoma. A ‘wait and see’ policy might be preferred in early stage T1 lower lip squamous cell carcinoma cases. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço is the property of Revista Brasileira de Cirurgia de Cabeca e Pescoco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Actinic cheilitis (AC) is a potentially malignant disorder, which can present degrees of epithelial dysplasia, and may even evolve into lip squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). Since p63 is a protein homologous to p53, which can be associated with tumorigenesis in epithelial tissues, this study aims to evaluate it in AC and LSCC, in the hopes to estimate the biological behavior of these lesions. Forty AC lesions and sixty-five cases of LSCC were quantitatively analyzed by immunohistochemistry, using anti-p63 antibody with ten cases of normal lip mucosa used as a control group. In all AC and LSCC cases studied, it was possible to detect the presence of the p63 protein. There was no statistically significant difference between immunostained cells and degree of epithelial dysplasias, nor between the LSCC grading malignancy. Nevertheless, p63 immunoexpression showed to be significantly correlated with AC and LSCC lesions as compared to normal lip epithelium. The results indicate that p63 protein is consistently expressed in AC and LSCC, and might be of help in the differential diagnosis between normal and dysplastic/neoplastic epithelium, although the evaluation using a primary antibody to all isotypes did not prove to be a risk biomarker during lip carcinogenesis. Thus, the production of antibodies for the six different p63 isotypes is urged, since in isolation they can have predictive value, mainly the ΔNp63 isoforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perineural invasion resulting in leptomeningeal carcinomatosis is a rare, but well-recognized phenomenon in head and neck carcinomas. We report the rare case of a patient with a squamous cell carcinoma of the lip resulting in leptomeningeal carcinomatosis and review the relevant published work. A 51-year-old man presented with progressive facial paraesthesia after treatment for a recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the lower lip. Cavernous sinus involvement was confirmed on MRI and he received stereotactic radiotherapy. He subsequently developed progressive lower limb neurological signs. An MRI showed multiple enhancing leptomeningeal nodules in the cervical and lumbar spine consistent with leptomeningeal carcinomatosis. Whole spine radiotherapy and dexamethasone resulted in short-term stabilization of symptoms only and he rapidly succumbed to progressive neurological disease. To our knowledge, this is the first published report of a squamous cell carcinoma of the lip resulting in leptomeningeal disease of the cauda equina. It illustrates the potential aggressive natural history of squamous cell carcinomas with perineural invasion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço is the property of Revista Brasileira de Cirurgia de Cabeca e Pescoco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A description is given of the occurrence of upper and lower lip cancers in Finland in the period 1953-1974 with the aim of reaching conclusions on the possible differences in the etiological factors involved. Substantial differences with respect to various epidemiological parameters, such as incidence rates, trends in the incidence with time, male/female ratios of the incidence rates, age-incidence curves, urban/rural ratios of the incidence rates, and geographical distribution, were demonstrated between upper and lower lip cancers. On the other hand, similarities in the occurrence of upper lip cancer and non-melanomatous skin cancer of the head and neck could be observed. It was concluded that in terms of etiology upper lip cancer could be regarded as a separate entity and different from 'true' lip cancer of the lower lip. The role of recurrent herpetic infections of the lips is also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Actinic cheilitis (AC) is one of the most frequent pathologies to affect the lips. Studies show that the most commonplace oral malignancy, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), often emerges from AC lesions. Invasive diagnostic techniques performed on the lips carry a high risk of complications, but reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM), a non-invasive skin imaging technique, may change the current diagnostic pathway. This retrospective study was aimed at consolidating the RCM diagnostic criteria for AC and lip SCC. The study was conducted in two tertiary care centers in Bucharest, Romania. We included adults with histopathologically confirmed AC and SCC who also underwent RCM examination. Of the twelve lesions included in the study, four were AC and eight were SCC. An atypical honeycomb pattern and the presence of target cells in the epidermis were RCM features associated with AC. SCC was typified by the presence of complete disruption of the epidermal architecture and dermal inflammatory infiltrates. The mean blood vessel diameter in SCC was 18.55 µm larger than that in AC (p = 0.006) and there was no significant difference (p = 0.64) in blood vessel density, as measured by RCM, between SCC and AC. These data confirm that RCM can be useful for the in vivo distinction between AC and lip SCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the lip with surgery is usually curative but incomplete/inadequate excision may be associated with recurrence and poor outcome. There is no consensus in the literature on the definition of an adequate excision margin. Methods: Patients treated for squamous cell carcinoma of the lip at Westmead Hospital, Sydney, between 1980 and 2000 were eligible for inclusion. Polytomous logistic regression analysis was undertaken to assess for predictors of recurrence. Recurrence-free and overall survival were calculated using Kaplan-Meier survival curves. Results: A total of 130 patients was identified. Median age at diagnosis was 64 years (23-97 years). Most lesions (90%) were located on the lower lip in 96 (74%) male patients. Median follow-up duration was 54 months (0-189 months). Most patients ­presented with T1 lesions (75%). Initial treatment was surgery (39%), radiotherapy (48%) or both (13%). Twenty-seven per cent of excised lesions had a close (≤2 mm) or positive margin. A total of 40 patients (31%) had recurrence (18% lymph nodes, 11% lip and 2% both). In the surgery group recurrence was significantly more likely with close or positive margins (P = 0.05). The 2 year ­recurrence-free survival was 82% and 54% for radiotherapy and surgery, respectively (P < 0.001). The 2 year overall survival was similar (90% radiotherapy vs 100% surgery; P = 0.58). Conclusion: Incomplete or inadequate excision of some lip cancers results in local recurrence. If re-excision is not feasible ­surgeons should consider the role of adjuvant radiotherapy in improving local control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]