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Background: Tumor recurrence and mortality rates remain challenging in cancer patients despite comprehensive treatment. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy and immunotherapy aim to eliminate residual tumor cells, reducing the risk of recurrence. However, drug resistance during neoadjuvant therapy is a significant hurdle. Recent studies suggest a correlation between RNA methylation regulators (RMRs) and response to neoadjuvant therapy. Methods: Using a multi-center approach, we integrated advanced techniques such as single-cell transcriptomics, whole-genome sequencing, RNA sequencing, proteomics, machine learning, and in vivo/in vitro experiments. Analyzing pan-cancer cohorts, the association between neoadjuvant chemotherapy/immunotherapy effectiveness and RNA methylation using single-cell sequencing was investigated. Multi-omics analysis and machine learning algorithms identified genomic variations, transcriptional dysregulation, and prognostic relevance of RMRs, revealing distinct molecular subtypes guiding pan-cancer neoadjuvant therapy stratification. Results: Our analysis unveiled a strong link between neoadjuvant therapy efficacy and RNA methylation dynamics, supported by pan-cancer single-cell sequencing data. Integration of omics data and machine learning algorithms identified RMR genomic variations, transcriptional dysregulation, and prognostic implications in pan-cancer. High-RMR-expressing tumors displayed increased genomic alterations, an immunosuppressive microenvironment, poorer prognosis, and resistance to neoadjuvant therapy. Molecular investigations and in vivo/in vitro experiments have substantiated that the JAK inhibitor TG-101,209 exerts notable effects on the immune microenvironment of tumors, rendering high-RMR-expressing pan-cancer tumors, particularly in pancreatic cancer, more susceptible to chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Conclusions: This study emphasizes the pivotal role of RMRs in pan-cancer neoadjuvant therapy, serving as predictive biomarkers for monitoring the tumor microenvironment, patient prognosis, and therapeutic response. Distinct molecular subtypes of RMRs aid individualized stratification in neoadjuvant therapy. Combining TG-101,209 adjuvant therapy presents a promising strategy to enhance the sensitivity of high-RMR-expressing tumors to chemotherapy and immunotherapy. However, further validation studies are necessary to fully understand the clinical utility of RNA methylation regulators and their impact on patient outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study uses first-principles calculations to investigate the asymmetric Zr2CO/VSe2 heterostructure for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) applications, focusing on its interlayer interactions, electronic structures, and HER performance across six stacking angles. Our findings demonstrate remarkable structural stability, characterized by interlayer distances of 2.1 Å to 2.7 Å and binding energies from −150.521 to −257.939 meV Å−2. Band structure analyses highlight the heterostructures' exceptional conductivity, essential for catalytic efficiency. Additionally, charge density difference calculations reveal significant charge transfer and redistribution at the interface, providing insights into the interlayer interactions and their influence on catalytic activity. Notably, the Gibbs free energy of hydrogen adsorption (ΔGH*) remains within ±0.1 eV across all configurations, indicating superior HER activity. Further analysis shows that the work function (Φ) serves as a critical electronic structure descriptor, influencing HER performance. The relationship between work function and ΔGH* across different interlayer distances underscores the predictive value of the work function for HER activity. These insights provide a theoretical foundation for developing advanced and effective non-noble metal HER catalysts, paving the way for innovations in sustainable energy technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anti‐inflammatory compounds, delivered as a payload to the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) by carriers, still cannot treat inflammatory bowel diseases without avoiding side effects. Here, we developed payload‐free protein nanoparticles (PNPs) that crossed GIT to retain in the colon and treat colitis by restoring intestinal barrier integrity by modulating gut microbiome and metabolome. Specifically, PNPs, orally administered to mice with acute colitis, reached the colon within three hours. Consequently, PNPs improve gut microbiota dysbiosis to reverse metabolism balance, suppressing the expression of tumor‐necrosis factor α and toll‐like receptor 4 that restores the intestinal barrier integrity. PNPs then ameliorated colon inflammation and attenuated gut microbiota dysbiosis by exerting probiotic effects on gut microbiota, treating colitis in a week more effectively than the clinically often used 5‐aminosalicylic acid without causing undesired side effects. Such PNPs represent safe, sustainable, and cost‐effective therapeutics for treating inflammatory and metabolic diseases by eliminating microbial and metabolomic imbalance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs) have garnered significant attention across diverse fields; however, accomplishing on‐demand, large‐scale, and highly efficient preparation of BNNSs remains a challenge. Here, an on‐demand preparation (OdP) method combining high‐pressure homogenization and short‐time ultrasonication is presented; it enables a highly efficient and controllable preparation of BNNSs from bulk hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN). The homogenization pressure and number of cycles are adjusted, and the production efficiency and yield of BNNSs reach 0.95 g g−1h−1 and 82.8%, respectively, which significantly exceed those attained by using existing methods. The universality of the OdP method is demonstrated on h‐BN raw materials of various bulk sizes from various producers. Furthermore, this method allows the preparation of BNNSs having specific sizes based on the final requirements. Both simulation and experimental results indicate that large BNNSs are particularly suitable for enhancing the thermal conductivity and electrical insulation properties of dielectric polymer nanocomposites. Interestingly, the small BNNS‐filled photonic nanocomposite films fabricated via the OdP method exhibit superior daytime radiative cooling properties. Additionally, the OdP method offers the benefits of low energy consumption and reduced greenhouse gas emissions and fossil energy use. These findings underscore the unique advantages of the OdP method over other techniques for a high‐efficiency and controllable preparation of large BNNSs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the intensification of global climate change, there is an increasing emphasis on protecting natural resources. Mangrove forests, critical to tropical and subtropical intertidal ecosystems, have garnered considerable attention in recent years for their strong carbon sink capacity, rich species diversity, and abundant natural resources. This study utilizes the 2020 global mangrove vector data as a baseline to construct a reasonable buffer zone by calculating the increase in mangrove crown width. The Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform and its Sentinel-2 data from 2022 are employed to acquire synthetic images across all regions using the mosaic algorithm. Then, mangrove forests are extracted using the Otsu algorithm, and a map depicting the global spatial distribution of mangrove forests in 2022 is obtained. The average overall accuracy of the extracted mangrove forests in this study reaches 92.4%, and it is determined that the global mangrove forest area expanded by 4920.6 km2 between 2020 and 2022, This study provides crucial data support for the global monitoring of mangrove changes and holds significant importance for protecting and restoring mangrove ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia 1 gene (MEN1), which is known to be a tumor suppressor gene in lung tissues, encodes a 610 amino acid protein menin. Previous research has proven that MEN1 deficiency promotes the malignant progression of lung cancer. However, the biological role of this gene in the immune microenvironment of lung cancer remains unclear. In this study, we found that programmed cell death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) is upregulated in lung‐specific KrasG12D mutation‐induced lung adenocarcinoma in mice, after Men1 deficiency. Simultaneously, CD8+ and CD3+ T cells are depleted, and their cytotoxic effects are suppressed. In vitro, PD‐L1 is inhibited by the overexpression of menin. Mechanistically, we found that MEN1 inactivation promotes the deubiquitinating activity of COP9 signalosome subunit 5 (CSN5) and subsequently increases the level of PD‐L1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the impact of half-height infilled walls on the failure modes of frame columns through quasi-static tests of both frame models and half-height infilled wall frame models. Based on the experimental results, a seismic analysis model of reinforced concrete (RC) frame structures is established, and parametric studies are carried out to analyze the effects of masonry materials and masonry heights on the seismic performance of structures. The results show that the load-bearing capacity and stiffness of the structure are improved, while the ductility of the structure is reduced because of the existence of infilled walls. As the height of infilled walls increases, there is a notable decrease in the free height of frame columns. At a wall-to-column height ratio of 0.2, the masonry walls exert a negligible effect on the frame structure's seismic performance. In contrast, at a ratio of 0.6, there is a transition in column failure modes from bending to shearing. When evaluated at consistent masonry heights, aerated concrete block-infilled walls demonstrate the least impact on the seismic performance of RC frame structures. Thus, in the absence of additional structural enhancements, the use of aerated concrete blocks is recommended to mitigate the negative implications of infilled walls on the seismic integrity of RC frames. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: Burn and scald injuries are the fourth most common type of trauma. Pediatric burns account for a high proportion of the total number of burn patients and impose a high burden on public health. Understanding the epidemiology of pediatric burns can help improve science education and reduce the incidence of burn injuries. Methods: This study is a single‐center retrospective study. One thousand five hundred and twenty‐seven pediatric burn patients admitted to our burn center from January 2016 to December 2020 were included. Demographic and epidemiological data of included patients were extracted and analyzed. The correlations of categorical data were tested by the Chi‐square tests, and differences of continuous data were tested by the Kruskal–Wallis tests. A p‐value of less than 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: The results showed that children under 3 years of age were most susceptible to burn and scald injuries. Burn injuries were most likely to occur in the season of winter and at the place of home. 56.6% of included patients did receive first aid measures, while 1.8% received gold‐standard first aid. Clinical variables related to the severity of injuries were statistically different between patients with and without cooling measures in first aid. Linear regression models showed that emergency treatment of burns in children and adolescents was associated with outcome indicators, including number of operations, total operation duration per total burn surface area (TBSA), cost per TBSA, and length of stay per TBSA. Conclusions: This study summarized the epidemiology and outcomes of pediatric burn patients admitted to a burn center in northern China. Adopting cooling measures in first aid can reduce the severity of injuries and reduce the burden on the medical system. Education on burn prevention and first aid measures to caregivers of children, especially preschool children, should be strengthened. Key points: Understanding the epidemiology of pediatric burns can help improve science education and reduce the incidence of burn injuries.This study aimed to analyze epidemiological and clinical variables of pediatric burn patients in a burn center in northern China.Children under 3 years of age were most susceptible to burn and scald injuries.Burn injuries in pediatric patients were most likely to occur in the season of winter and at the place of home.Adopting cooling measures in first aid can reduce the severity of burn injuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Positive psychological therapy has been found to be effective in psychological health in the broader cancer patient population. However, specific evidence regarding its effectiveness for adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer patients remains limited. More research is needed to determine the optimal approaches for alleviating distress in this particular group. We evaluated the efficacy of character strength-based cognitive-behavioral therapy (CS-CBT) versus cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for distress in AYA patients with cancer. In a randomized controlled three-arm trial, cancer patients aged 15-39 years were assigned to one of three groups using a random number table to ensure equal group sizes: (1) CS-CBT, which incorporated specific exercises focused on identifying and utilizing character strengths within the CBT framework; (2) CBT; or (3) control group. The primary outcome was improvement in patients' overall mental health on the Distress Thermometer and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale 3 months after assignment to the groups. Analyses used generalized estimating equations. A total of 162 AYAs were randomly and equally assigned to three groups. Improvements in primary outcomes were significantly greater after CS-CBT than after CBT, and no significant differences were found between the CBT and control group. Among all primary and secondary outcomes, the only non-significant difference found was in quality of life with CS-CBT compared to CBT. AYA cancer patients rated their overall mental health and sense of thriving as more improved after CS-CBT than after CBT. However, quality-of-life indicators supported equal intervention effects in both groups. These findings support the effectiveness of the use of CS-CBT intervention in reducing distress and improving thriving. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Passive daytime radiative cooling dissipates heat from surfaces by reflecting sunlight and emitting infrared radiation to the cold outer space, featuring a zero‐energy consumption. Polymer‐dielectric radiative cooling coatings have received significant attention because of their scalable preparation, low cost, and ease of use. However, current dielectric scatterers reveal limited solar reflectance in the polymer‐dielectric coatings due to the optical crowding, which reduces cooling effect and hinders practical application. Employing a scalable emulsion templated method, reversed yolk–shell dielectric scatterers (RYSS) are developed to alleviate optical crowding effects in polymer‐dielectric coatings. This results in coatings with a solar reflectance of ≈97.4% and an infrared emittance of ≈96.9%, while achieving a substantial reduction in scatterers content. Besides, simulation results show that RYSS outperforms core–shell, hollow, and solid scatterers in enhancing solar reflectance. Using phase change materials as emulsion templates, RYSS with high heat storage effectively enhance daytime cooling and reduce nighttime over‐cooling. Moreover, cooling experiments on concentrating photovoltaics demonstrate a temperature drop of 42 °C (≈26.2 times extension of lifetime) and a notable 22% increase in open‐circuit voltage. This work suggests that RYSS presents a promising solution to overcome the challenges of radiative cooling materials and pave the way for their practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aicardi–Goutières syndrome 6 (AGS6) is a serious auto-immunization-associated acute neurologic decompensation. AGS6 manifests as acute onset of severe generalized dystonia of limbs and developmental regression secondary to febrile illness mostly. Dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria (DSH), as pigmentary genodermatosis, is a characterized mixture of hyperpigmented and hypopigmented macules. Both AGS6 and DSH are associated with ADAR1 pathogenic variants. To explore the etiology of a proband with developmental regression with mixture of hyperpigmentation and hypopigmentation macules, we used the trio-WES. Later, to clarify the association between variants and diseases, we used guidelines of ACMG for variants interpretation and quantitative Real-time PCR for verifying elevated expression levels of interferon-stimulated genes, separately. By WES, we detected 2 variants in ADAR1 and a variant in TSC2, respectively, were NM_001111.5:c.1096_1097del, NM_001111.5:c.518A>G, and NM_000548.5:c.1864C>T. Variants interpretation suggested that these 3 variants were both pathogenic. Expression levels of interferon-stimulated genes also elevated as expected. We verified the co-occurrence of pathogenic variants of ADAR1 and TSC2 in AGS6 patients with DSH. Our works contributed to the elucidation of ADAR1 pathogenic mechanism, given the specific pathogenic mechanism of ADAR1, and it is necessary to consider with caution when variants were found in ADAR1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When launching a heavy-duty vehicle, torque and position control during automatic clutch engagement is critical, and the driver's intention to launch and changes in the vehicle's launching resistance make clutch control more complex. This paper analyses the automatic engagement process of automated mechanical transmission (AMT) clutches and proposes an optimal control of the clutch torque for launching heavy-duty vehicles. Firstly, a fuzzy neural network (FNN)-based vehicle launching states recognition (LSR) system is designed for distinguishing the driver's launching intention and the vehicle's launching equivalent moment of resistance. Secondly, jerk, friction work, and launching reserve power are taken as the performance indexes for clutch torque optimization, the weight coefficients of each performance index are adjusted according to the LSR results, and the optimal clutch torque is solved by using the minimum value principle based on the shooting method. Finally, simulations and tests are conducted to validate the strategy of optimizing clutch torque, and the impact of torque optimization on the position change during the engagement process is analyzed. The results indicate that under different driver's intentions, vehicle masses, and road gradient conditions, the jerk, friction work, and slipping time of heavy vehicles during the launching process are improved by applying the optimization strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spodoptera frugiperda was used to investigate its role as a trehalase inhibitor of three new thiothiazolidone compounds—6d, 6e, and 6f. The development and reproduction of S. frugiperda were investigated to evaluate the potential of these compounds as a novel pesticide for pest control. Compounds 6d, 6e, and 6f were injected into larvae and female pupae. Molecular changes in trehalose and chitin metabolism genes were monitored. Pupal trehalase activity, the female pupal emergence rate, ovarian development, and SfVg and SfVgR gene expression levels were assessed. The results revealed that all three compounds significantly inhibited trehalase activity in the larvae. The expression of TRE was significantly downregulated, and compounds 6d and 6f significantly downregulated the expression of TRE2. Treated larvae exhibited significantly decreased survival rates and a higher incidence of abnormalities. The egg production and hatching rates were markedly diminished by the inhibitors, and the ovaries displayed blackening and clumping. These compounds exhibit promise as eco-friendly insecticides, but further experiments are required to test their multifaceted capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the seismic performance of reinforced concrete (RC) frames, carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) was used to retrofit reinforced concrete frame structures. The comparison pseudo-static test results show that the peak load, initial stiffness and ductility of the CFRP retrofitted model were increased by 43.89%, 39.27% and 30.1%, respectively. Based on the parametric study of the finite element model, the contribution of CFRP to the seismic upgrading effect of RC columns was quantitatively revealed, and an optimized design of retrofitted CFRP was proposed. The results show that the peak load, ductility and energy dissipation capacity of the whole structure are improved by using CFRP full-wrap reinforcement and strip reinforcement models with different coverage areas. The damage degree of the column decreases, the damage degree of the beam increases, and the failure mode changes from "column hinge" to "beam hinge". Simultaneously, different CFRP reinforcement areas and the distance between strip CFRP have different reinforcement effects on concrete structures. Based on the investigation results, the recommended ratio of CFRP strip to spacing is 1 to 1.25. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Death anxiety is thought to cause a range of mental disorders among cancer patients, which may affect their mental health and even quality of life. This study sought to investigate experiential avoidance, meaning in life, and death anxiety among Chinese cancer patients and then explore the relationship between these 3 variables. Methods: A total of 300 cancer patients recruited from a tertiary cancer hospital participated in this study from October to December 2021. A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a demographic and clinical characteristics questionnaire, the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire II, the Meaning in Life Questionnaire, and Templer's Death Anxiety Scale. Correlation analysis, hierarchical regression analysis, and mediating effect analysis were used to analyze the relationship among experiential avoidance, meaning in life (including 2 dimensions: presence of meaning and search for meaning), and death anxiety. Results: A total of 315 questionnaires were distributed, and 300 valid questionnaires were returned, resulting in a valid response rate of 95.2%. Experiential avoidance (r = 0.552, p < 0.01) was moderately positively correlated with death anxiety. Presence of meaning (r = − 0.400, p < 0.01) was moderately negatively correlated with death anxiety, while search for meaning (r = − 0.151, p < 0.01) was weakly negatively correlated with death anxiety. Regression analysis showed that experiential avoidance (β = 0.464) and presence of meaning (β = −0.228) were predictors of death anxiety. Mediating effect analysis revealed that presence of meaning either completely or partially mediated the effect of experiential avoidance and death anxiety, and the indirect effect accounted for 14.52% of the total effect. Conclusion: Overall, experiential avoidance predicts death anxiety in cancer patients, and meaning in life can mediate this effect. The results of this study provide a new path for studying the mechanism of death anxiety and suggest a more positive and promising strategy for its management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two five‐coordinate mononuclear DyIII single‐molecule magnets [(TrapenTMS)Dy(L)] (Trapen=tris(2‐aminobenzyl) amine; TMS=SiMe3; L=OPMe31, OPEt32) have been synthesized by the reaction of [(TrapenTMS)Dy(THF)] and OPMe3, OPEt3, respectively. The molecular structures of 1 and 2 were fully established by single crystal X‐ray diffraction. The centre DyIII ions of both complexes exhibit distorted triangular bipyramid geometries, varying with different neutral ligands L on the apex. The TrapenTMS ligand forms the pyramid base of the trigonal bipyramid. Subtle structural modifications of the axial O‐ligand terminal substituent result in different dynamic magnetic behaviors. Magnetic data analysis reveals that 1 and 2 exhibit the characteristic behavior of SMM without a dc field, accompanying an unambiguous quantum tunneling of the magnetization. Field‐induced slow magnetic relaxation was observed for 1 and 2 under an applied bias dc field of 1000 Oe, the relaxation energy barriers are 107 K and 88 K for 1 and 2, respectively. We have investigated the differences in magnetism and magnetic anisotropy between the two complexes by ab initio calculations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Renewable, green, and safe natural biopolymer-derived materials are highly desired for the purification of pollutants, but significantly improving their performance without the introduction of additional harmful chemicals remains a huge challenge. Based on the concept of "structure optimization design", environment-friendly composite beads (named SA/PASP/RE) with excellent adsorption performance and recyclability were rationally constructed through a green ionic crosslinking route, using the completely green biopolymer sodium alginate (SA), sodium salt of polyaspartic acid (PASP), and the natural nanoclay rectorite (RE) as starting materials. The nano-layered RE was embedded in the polymer matrix to prevent the polymer chain from becoming over-entangled so that more adsorption sites inside the polymer network were exposed, which effectively improved the mass transfer efficiency of the adsorbent and the removal rate of contaminants. The composite beads embedded with 0.6% RE showed high adsorption capacities of 211.78, 197.13, and 195.69 mg/g for Pb(II) and 643.00, 577.80, and 567.10 mg/g for methylene blue (MB) in Yellow River water, Yangtze River water, and tap water, respectively. And the beads embedded with 43% RE could efficiently adsorb Pb(II) and MB with high capacities of 187.78 mg/g and 586.46 mg/g, respectively. This study provides a new route to design and develop a green, cost-effective, and efficient adsorbent for the decontamination of wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

DDoS attacks launched by IoT botnets can be classified into low-rate and high-rate DDoS attacks, which depict two distinct scenarios of data imbalance, namely, the minimal and maximal proportion of attack traffic. Developing a detection model that can effectively address two data imbalance scenarios concurrently is crucial in safeguarding computers against DDoS attacks. This necessitates the development of a model with enhanced generalizability. However, in the examination of cross-evaluation across datasets which is closely associated with the generalizability of models, there is a limited focus on addressing the issue of data imbalance. This oversight has led to a significant decrease in model performance when compared to training and testing on a single dataset. To identify guiding principles within this context, the literature suggests employing an undersampling technique on benign instances during the preprocessing phase to eliminate redundant data. Additionally, the literature conducts simulations of various cross-evaluation scenarios and evaluates the performance of classifiers. This evaluation is done after applying representative oversamplers, undersamplers, and the method proposed in this paper. After analyzing the experiment results, it is advisable to employ oversamplers for low-rate DDoS datasets and undersamplers for high-rate DDoS datasets. Moreover, optimizing SMOTE-based algorithms for specific models will yield optimal performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Persistent inflammation, immunosuppression, and catabolic syndrome (PICS) are the main causes of poor outcomes in patients transferred out of ICU. Hyaluronic acid has a potential function to alleviate PICS, and, as a widely accepted food additive, HA can be consumed through food products such as dairy products, greatly increasing patient medical compliance. This study evaluated the remission effect of PICS model mice after oral administration of HA with different molecular weights. The results showed a nonlinear relationship between HA molecular weight and its effect of intervention with symptoms in PICS mice and the high molecular weight HA (HMW-HA) was more effective in relieving symptoms in PICS model mice. Therefore, we believe that HMW-HA can be used to prepare functional foods for the purpose of intervening with PICS disease. Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a new functional food additive which has the potential to ameliorate persistent inflammation, immunosuppression and catabolism syndrome (PICS), but the biological effects of HA with various molecular weights differ dramatically. To systematically investigate the efficacy of HA in altering PICS symptoms, medium-molecular-weight (MMW) HA was specifically selected to test its intervention effect on a PICS mouse model induced by CLP through oral administration, with high-molecular-weight (HMW) and low-molecular-weight (LMW) HA also participating in the experimental validation process. The results of pathological observations and gut flora showed that MMW HA rapidly alleviated lung lesions and intestinal structural changes in PICS mice in the short term. However, although long-term MMW HA administration significantly reduced the proportions of harmful bacteria in gut flora, inflammatory responses in the intestines and lungs of PICS mice were significantly higher in the MMW HA group than in the HMW HA and LMW HA groups. The use of HMW HA not only rapidly reduced the mortality rate of PICS mice but also improved their grip strength and the recovery of spleen and thymus indices. Furthermore, it consistently promoted the recovery of lung and intestinal tissues in PICS mice, and it also assisted in the sustained restoration of their gut microbiota. These effects were superior to those of LMW HA and MMW HA. The experimental results indicate that HMW weight HA has the greatest potential to be an adjunct in alleviating PICS as a food additive, while the safety of other HAs requires further attention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In visible light communication (VLC), the precise latency evaluation of wireless access networks and the efficient forwarding strategy of core networks are the crux for end-to-end reliability provisioning. Leveraging martingale theory, an elegant latency-bounded reliability analysis framework is studied for the VLC network. Considering the characteristic that VLC links are easy to block, the martingale of the service process is constructed. Based on the time shift features, the martingale process related to latency is proposed for the VLC system, which models the influence of entanglement between aggregate arrivals and random service on latency. A stopping time event about latency is defined. Renting the stopping time theory, a tight upper bound of the unreliability with regard to latency is derived. In the core network, a dynamic forward backhaul framework is proposed, which uses the relay selection algorithm based on back-pressure theory to improve data transmission quality. The theoretical latency-bounded reliability matches the simulation results well, which verifies the effectiveness of the proposed analysis framework, and the proposed relay selection algorithm can also improve network performance under data-intensive transmission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study utilized middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) mouse models and HT‐22 cell oxygen and glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) models to investigate the therapeutic effects of melatonin on ischemic brain injury. In the experiments, MCAO mice were treated with 5 and 10 mg/kg doses of melatonin, and H‐T22 cells underwent OGD/R treatment and were administered different concentrations of melatonin. The results showed that melatonin significantly reduced ischemic brain area, neural damage, cerebral edema, and neuronal apoptosis in MCAO mice. In the HT‐22 cell model, melatonin also improved cell proliferation ability, reduced apoptosis, and ROS production. Further mechanistic studies found that melatonin exerts protective effects by inhibiting ferroptosis, an iron‐dependent form of regulated cell death, through regulation of the ACSL4/CYP1B1 pathway. In MCAO mice, melatonin decreased lipid peroxidation, ROS production, and ACSL4 protein expression. Overexpression of CYP1B1 increased ACSL4 ubiquitination and degradation, thereby increasing cell tolerance to ferroptosis, reducing ACSL4 protein levels, and decreasing ROS production. CYP1B1 knockdown obtained opposite results. The CYP1B1 metabolite 20‐HETE induces expression of the E3 ubiquitin ligase FBXO10 by activating PKC signaling, which promotes ACSL4 degradation. In the OGD/R cell model, inhibition of CYP1B1 expression reversed the therapeutic effects of melatonin. In summary, this study demonstrates that melatonin protects the brain from ischemic injury by inhibiting ferroptosis through regulation of the ACSL4/CYP1B1 pathway, providing evidence for new therapeutic targets for ischemic brain injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Even though temporal information matters for the quality of video saliency detection, many problems still arise/emerge in present network frameworks, such as bad performance in time-space coherence and edge continuity. In order to solve these problems, this paper proposes a full convolutional neural network, which integrates temporal differential and pixel gradient to fine tune the edges of salient targets. Considering the features of neighboring frames are highly relevant because of their proximity in location, a co-attention mechanism is used to put pixel-wise weight on the saliency probability map after features extraction with multi-scale pooling so that attention can be paid on both the edge and central of images. And the changes of pixel gradients of original images are used to recursively improve the continuity of target edges and details of central areas. In addition, residual networks are utilized to integrate information between modules, ensuring stable connections between the backbone network and modules and propagation of pixel gradient changes. In addition, a self-adjustment strategy for loss functions is presented to solve the problem of overfitting in experiments. The method presented in the paper has been tested with three available public datasets and its effectiveness has been proved after comparing with 6 other typically stat-of-the-art methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multi-functionalised nano-platforms based on persistent-luminescence nanoparticles (PLNPs) have attracted considerable attention for biomedical applications owing to their lack of background noise and suitability for in vivo imaging without the need for in situ excitation. However, nano-platforms based on PLNPs for continuous photodynamic therapy (PDT) are currently lacking. Herein, we report a nano-platform (LiGa4.99O8:Cr0.01/IrO2, LGO:Cr/IrO2) prepared using PLNPs (LiGa4.99O8:Cr0.01, LGO:Cr) covalently bonded with iridium oxide nanoparticles (IrO2 NPs), producing near-infrared (NIR) persistent luminescence, "afterglow" PDT and photo-thermal therapy (PTT) effects. The LGO:Cr/IrO2 not only exhibits NIR-persistent luminescence at 719 nm and a PTT effect under 808 nm irradiation but also a continuous "afterglow" PDT effect without the need for in situ excitation owing to persistent energy transfer from LGO:Cr to the IrO2 NPs, in turn generating reactive oxygen species (ROS). This multi-functional nano-platform is expected to further promote the application of PLNPs in tumour treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapeseed is a critical cash crop globally, and understanding its distribution can assist in refined agricultural management, ensuring a sustainable vegetable oil supply, and informing government decisions. China is the leading consumer and third-largest producer of rapeseed. However, there is a lack of widely available, long-term, and large-scale remotely sensed maps on rapeseed cultivation in China. Here this study utilizes multi-source data such as satellite images, GLDAS environmental variables, land cover maps, and terrain data to create the China annual rapeseed maps at 30 m spatial resolution from 2000 to 2022 (CARM30). Our product was validated using independent samples and showed average F1 scores of 0.869 and 0.971 for winter and spring rapeseed. The CARM30 has high spatial consistency with existing 10 m and 20 m rapeseed maps. Additionally, the CARM30-derived rapeseed planted area was significantly correlated with agricultural statistics (R2 = 0.65–0.86; p < 0.001). The obtained rapeseed distribution information can serve as a reference for stakeholders such as farmers, scientific communities, and decision-makers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In tunnel smooth blasting, optimizing the water interval charging structure of peripheral holes is of great significance in improving the effect of smooth blasting and reducing the unit consumption of explosives. Addressing the issue of a single traditional evaluation standard, this paper proposes a composite index evaluation method for rock blasting damage in different zones, and the best charging structure is optimized according to the evaluation results. Taking Liyue Road Tunnel Light Smooth Blasting Project in Chongqing as the Research Background, the numeric models were established with ten kinds of charge structures, the charge structures and explosive quantity were optimized according to the evaluation results, and then the field tests were conducted. The results show that when the length of the water medium at the bottom of the hole is 20 cm, the damage range of the retained rock mass can be controlled while ensuring rock fragmentation. If the length of the water medium at the orifice and in the center of the hole is more than 30 cm, it will affect the superposition effect of the blast stress wave, resulting in under-excavation; in the preferred charge structure, the ratio of the length of the upper and lower explosives reaches 1:3, and the ratio of the length of the water medium is 2:2:1, which achieves a better rock-breaking effect in the field test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The overall goal of this research was to develop the Vis/BC-BiOI/PMS system, integrating multiple advanced oxidation technologies, to effectively treat Enrofloxacin (ENR), a typical antibiotic pollutant known for its resistance to degradation. The modified biochar underwent thorough characterization, including analysis of its structure, morphology, surface material composition, and other properties. Adsorption experiments revealed that the Biochar (BC) component exhibited the most robust adsorption removal rate, reaching 15%, followed by Bismuth Iodide Oxide loaded Biochar (BC-BiOI) (9%) and Bismuth Iodide Oxide (BiOI) (2%). The control experiment was separately conducted under dark or visible light conditions, demonstrating that photocatalysis primarily contributed to ENR degradation. The subsequent degradation kinetics also showed this point. The pathway and mechanism of ENR degradation in the Vis/BC-BiOI/PMS system were extensively analyzed. The contribution of each active substance was determined through free radical quenching tests and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectra. The results indicated that ·OH and SO4−· played dominant roles in the early stages of ENR degradation, while 1O2 became the primary contributor in the later stages, with 1O2 > ·OH > SO4−·. In addition, the toxicity and applicability of the Vis/BC-BiOI/PMS system were evaluated. This study demonstrates the effectiveness and feasibility of the Vis/BC-BiOI/PMS system in treating ENR wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To establish a supportive care framework for addressing unmet needs among breast cancer survivors, providing practical guidance for healthcare providers to assess and manage these needs, ultimately enhancing the health outcomes and quality of life of breast cancer survivors. Design: We conducted a two‐round Delphi survey to gather expert opinions regarding the unmet needs supportive care framework for breast cancer survivors. Methods: Initial framework identification and inquiry questionnaire creation was achieved via literature search and expert group discussions, which included 15 experts from nursing practice, clinical medicine, nursing management and nursing education was conducted using a Delphi survey. To establish consensus, a two‐round Delphi poll was done, using criteria based on the mean (≥4.0), coefficient of variation (CV < 0.25) and percentage for entire score (≥20%). Results: Experts reached a consensus, leading to six care modules, and 28 care entries: Tumour Detection Support (three care entries), Management of Complications of Antitumor Therapy (seven care entries), Healthy Lifestyle Management (five care entries), Sexual and Fertility Support (four care entries), Psychosocial Support (four care entries) and Resource and Linkage Support (five care entries). Conclusion: To address breast cancer survivors' unmet needs, a supportive framework was developed to actively enhance their health outcomes. However, further refinement and feasibility testing using mobile devices or artificial intelligence are required. Implications for the Profession and Patient Care: This pioneering framework prioritises addressing unmet needs and equips healthcare providers to assess and manage these needs effectively, facilitating the implementation of programs aimed at improving the well‐being of breast cancer survivors. Reporting Method: This study was guided by a modified guideline for the Conducting and Reporting of Delphi Studies (CREDES) (Palliative Medicine, 31(8), 684, 2017). Patient or Public Contribution: No Patient or Public Contribution. Trial and protocol registration: The Delphi study methodology does not require registration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: In current pig farming, pigs are susceptible to stress-induced adverse emotions. Emotional contagion may propagate these emotions within a herd, potentially affecting overall welfare. Typically, treatments of individual pigs should be conducted separately from the group. Thus, after separation from treatment on an individual pig, the behavioral responses and heart rate changes of the companion pig were recorded to determine if the sensory avoidance was effective. It was found that peers were still affected by the treated pigs after sensory avoidance. Separation from treatment does not eliminate the effects of the treated pig on companion pigs, which can still be affected in post-treatment contact. In the pig farming industry, it is recommended to avoid groups when treating individuals to reduce adverse reactions in the group. However, can this eliminate the adverse effects effectively? Piglets were assigned to the Rewarding Group (RG), the Punishing Group (PG), and the Paired Control Group (PCG). There were six replicates in each group, with two paired piglets per replicate. One piglet of the RG and PG was randomly selected as the Treated pig (TP), treated with food rewards or electric shock, and the other as the Naive pig (NP). The NPs in the RG and PG were unaware of the treatment process, and piglets in the PCG were not treated. The behavior and heart rate changes of all piglets were recorded. Compared to the RG, the NPs in the PG showed longer proximity but less contact behavior, and the TPs in the PG showed more freezing behavior. The percentage change in heart rate of the NPs was synchronized with the TPs. This shows that after sensory avoidance, the untreated pigs could also feel the emotions of their peers and their emotional state was affected by their peers, and the negative emotions in the pigs lasted longer than the positive emotions. The avoidance process does not prevent the transfer of negative emotions to peers via emotional contagion from the stimulated pig. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The human organic cation transporter 1 (hOCT1), also known as SLC22A1, is integral to hepatic uptake of structurally diversified endogenous and exogenous organic cations, influencing both metabolism and drug pharmacokinetics. hOCT1 has been implicated in the therapeutic dynamics of many drugs, making interactions with hOCT1 a key consideration in novel drug development and drug–drug interactions. Notably, metformin, the frontline medication for type 2 diabetes, is a prominent hOCT1 substrate. Conversely, hOCT1 can be inhibited by agents such as spironolactone, a steroid analog inhibitor of the aldosterone receptor, necessitating a deep understanding of hOCT1–drug interactions in the development of new pharmacological treatments. Despite extensive study, specifics of hOCT1 transport and inhibition mechanisms remain elusive at the molecular level. Here, we present cryo-electron microscopy structures of the hOCT1-metformin complex in three distinct conformational states — outward open, outward occluded, and inward occluded as well as substrate-free hOCT1 in both partially and fully open states. We also present hOCT1 in complex with spironolactone in both outward and inward facing conformations. These structures provide atomic-level insights into the dynamic metformin transfer process via hOCT1 and the mechanism by which spironolactone inhibits it. Additionally, we identify a 'YER' motif critical for the conformational flexibility of hOCT1 and likely other SLC22 family transporters. Our findings significantly advance the understanding of hOCT1 molecular function and offer a foundational framework for the design of new therapeutic agents targeting this transporter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Landslide deformation monitoring is crucial for early warning and disaster prevention. This study presents a comprehensive landslide monitoring approach using global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) and automated inclinometers through a case study in Qinghai, China. Numerical modeling utilizing smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) predicted potential hazards from dynamic landslide movements. The results demonstrate that the combination of GNSS and automated inclinometer systems provides accurate and real-time data on landslide movements, enabling timely responses to mitigate the risks associated with landslides. Monitoring results demonstrate active deformation of Zone III with sliding velocities up to 2.5 mm/day and deep subsurface displacement along bedrock shear planes at 14–26 m depths. SPH simulations predict a maximum run out of 115 m over 50 s for potential slope failure under a Ms 7.0 earthquake, with debris flows capable of blocking the river channel and inducing secondary hazards. Additionally, the numerical modeling using SPH provides useful insights into the potential hazard of landslides, which can be used to develop more effective mitigation strategies in the future. The findings of this study contribute to the development of a more holistic and effective approach to landslide monitoring and management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When an unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) swarm is used for edge computing, and high-speed data transmission is required, accurate tracking of the UAV swarm's centroid is of great significance for the acquisition and synchronization of signal demodulation. Accurate centroid tracking can also be applied to accurate communication beamforming and angle tracking, bringing about a reception gain. Group target tracking (GTT) offers a suitable framework for tracking the centroids of UAV swarms. GTT typically involves accurate modeling of target maneuvering behavior and effective state filtering. However, conventional coordinate-uncoupled maneuver models and multi-model filtering methods encounter difficulties in accurately tracking highly maneuverable UAVs. To address this, an innovative approach known as 3DCDM-based GRU-MM is introduced for tracking the maneuvering centroid of a UAV swarm. This method employs a multi-model filtering technique assisted by a gated recurrent unit (GRU) network based on a suitable 3D coordinate-coupled dynamic model. The proposed dynamic model represents the centroid's tangential load, normal load, and roll angle as random processes, from which a nine-dimensional unscented Kalman filter is derived. A GRU is utilized to update the model weights of the multi-model filtering. Additionally, a smoothing-differencing module is presented to extract the maneuvering features from position observations affected by measurement noise. The resulting GRU-MM method achieved a classification accuracy of 99.73%, surpassing that of the traditional IMM algorithm based on the same model. Furthermore, our proposed 3DCDM-based GRU-MM method outperformed the Singer-KF and 3DCDM-based IMM-EKF in terms of the RMSE for position estimation, which provides a basis for further edge computing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ovarian cancer is one of the most common gynaecological malignancies with poor prognosis and lack of effective treatment. The improvement of the situation of ovarian cancer urgently requires the exploration of its molecular mechanism to develop more effective molecular targeted drugs. In this study, the role of human ribosomal protein l35a (RPL35A) in ovarian cancer was explored in vitro and in vivo. Our data identified that RPL35A expression was abnormally elevated in ovarian cancer. Clinically, high expression of RPL35A predicted short survival and poor TNM staging in patients with ovarian cancer. Functionally, RPL35A knock down inhibited ovarian cancer cell proliferation and migration, enhanced apoptosis, while overexpression had the opposite effect. Mechanically, RPL35A promoted the direct binding of transcription factor YY1 to CTCF in ovarian cancer cells. Consistently, RPL35A regulated ovarian cancer progression depending on CTCF in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, RPL35A affected the proliferation and apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells through PPAR signalling pathway. In conclusion, RPL35A drove ovarian cancer progression by promoting the binding of YY1 and CTCF promoter, and inhibiting this process may be an effective strategy for targeted therapy of this disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brain damage is a common tissue damage caused by trauma or diseases, which can be life-threatening. Stem cell implantation is an emerging strategy treating brain damage. The stem cell is commonly embedded in a matrix material for implantation, which protects stem cell and induces cell differentiation. Cell differentiation induction by this material is decisive in the effectiveness of this treatment strategy. In this work, we present an injectable fibroin/MXene conductive hydrogel as stem cell carrier, which further enables in-vivo electrical stimulation upon stem cells implanted into damaged brain tissue. Cell differentiation characterization of stem cell showed high effectiveness of electrical stimulation in this system, which is comparable to pure conductive membrane. Axon growth density of the newly differentiated neurons increased by 290% and axon length by 320%. In addition, unfavored astrocyte differentiation is minimized. The therapeutic effect of this system is proved through traumatic brain injury model on rats. Combined with in vivo electrical stimulation, cavities formation is reduced after traumatic brain injury, and rat motor function recovery is significantly promoted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surface electromyography (sEMG)-based gesture recognition can achieve high intra-session performance. However, the inter-session performance of gesture recognition decreases sharply due to the shift in data distribution. Therefore, developing a robust model to minimize the data distribution difference is crucial to improving the user experience. In this work, based on the inter-session gesture recognition task, we propose a novel algorithm called locality preserving and maximum margin criterion (LPMM). The LPMM algorithm integrates three main modules, including domain alignment, pseudo-label selection, and iteration result selection. Domain alignment is designed to preserve the neighborhood structure of the feature and minimize the overlap of different classes. The pseudo-label selection and iteration result selection can avoid the decrease in accuracy caused by mislabeled samples. The proposed algorithm was evaluated on two of the most widely used EMG databases. It achieves a mean accuracy of 98.46% and 71.64%, respectively, which is superior to state-of-the-art domain adaptation methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tislelizumab, an anti‐programmed cell death protein 1 monoclonal antibody, has demonstrated improved survival benefits over standard of care for multiple cancer indications. We present the clinical rationale and data supporting tislelizumab dose recommendation in patients with advanced tumors. The phase I, first‐in‐human, dose‐finding BGB‐A317‐001 study (data cutoff [DCO]: August 2017) examined the following tislelizumab dosing regimens: 0.5–10 mg/kg every 2 weeks (q2w), 2–5 mg/kg q2w or q3w, and 200 mg q3w. Similar objective response rates (ORRs) were reported in the 2 and 5 mg/kg q2w or q3w cohorts. Safety outcomes (grade ≥3 adverse events [AEs], AEs leading to dose modification/discontinuation, immune‐mediated AEs, and infusion‐related reactions) were generally comparable across the dosing range examined. These results, alongside the convenience of a fixed q3w dose, formed the basis of choosing 200 mg q3w as the recommended dosing regimen for further clinical use. Pooled exposure–response (E–R) analyses by logistic regression using data from study BGB‐A317‐001 (DCO: August 2020) and three additional phase I/II studies (DCOs: 2018–2020) showed no statistically significant correlation between tislelizumab pharmacokinetic exposure and ORR across multiple solid tumor types or classical Hodgkin's lymphoma, nor was exposure associated with any of the safety end points evaluated over the dose range tested. Hence, tislelizumab showed a relatively flat E–R relationship. Overall, the totality of data, including efficacy, safety, and E–R analyses, together with the relative convenience of a fixed q3w dose, provided clinical rationale for the recommended dosing regimen of tislelizumab 200 mg q3w for multiple cancer indications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cortisol awakening response (CAR) refers to the dynamic change of cortisol concentration within 1 h after awakening. Trait anxiety is a general risk marker of anxiety disorders. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of trait anxiety on CAR using R30 (change in cortisol level at 30 min after awakening) and AUCi (the area under the curve with respect to the increase) as indicators. 133 college students were divided into high trait anxiety (HTA) and low trait anxiety (LTA) group according to the median score of the trait version of State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Saliva samples were collected immediately upon awakening, 30 min, 45 and 60 min on two consecutive mornings. The results showed that, (1) decreased CAR was found for the male than female participants. (2) Compared to the LTA group, the HTA group showed decreased R30 and AUCi. (3) Both R30 and AUCi were negatively correlated with trait anxiety scores. These results demonstrated that trait anxiety might weaken the CAR, and both R30 and AUCi can be used as CAR indicators in detecting trait anxiety. Future research on CAR should consider the moderating effect of trait anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perovskite quantum dots (QDs) have been identified as propitious candidates for next-generation high-definition displays owing to their excellent photoelectric properties, such as size-tuneable optical bandgaps, narrow emission and extraordinary charge-transport properties. However, during the purification process of QD synthesis, QDs are always accompanied by problems of ligand falling off and mismatches of Pb atoms, which will decrease the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of QDs and affect the device performance adversely. Here, a simple method by doping alkali halide CaCl2 as a co-precursor is proposed to improve the optoelectronic properties of CsPbI3 QDs. Excess halide anions could provide a halide-rich environment and efficiently passivate surface defect states of CsPbI3 QDs. Meanwhile, introducing alkali metal ions could reduce nonradiative decay rates by suppressing the defects originating from Pb atoms with insufficient coordination in CsPbI3 QDs. These results will stimulate research on LEDs for next-generation high-definition display technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The thermal conductivity parameter of the materials is a fundamental parameter for thermal design and study of heat transfer processes. In our study, we combined the homogenization theory based on the finite element with the thermal conductivity order-of-magnitude analysis and similarity principle, to construct structural models of fibers, spheres, ellipsoids, sheets, and interfaces, and establish the topology of intermingling and encapsulation of different structures. Combined thermal conductivity calculations of mesoscopic composites and microscopic interface models using finite element and molecular dynamics methods. The anisotropy model of thermal conductivity was established by coordinate transformation. Based on the numerical verification of the reliability of the method, the mechanisms of the influence on the thermal transport of composites were analyzed for parameters such as volume fraction of different structural fillers, structural shape, thermal conductivity ratio, thickness of highly thermally conductive coatings, and spatial orientation distribution. The results showed that the effective thermal conductivity (ETC) of the continuous structural reinforced composite was mainly influenced by the volume fraction of the filler; the modulation of ETC with ellipsoidal particle structure form and distribution mode was comparable to the effect of changing the volume fraction modulation; the mutual fusion between ellipsoids randomly distributed in the plane could effectively enhance the heat transport effect of the composite, and as the volume fraction increased to more than 3%, the heat transport gain from mutual fusion was more obvious; spraying high thermally conductive copper coating on ellipsoidal particles could significantly enhance the ETC of the composites. The present work could provide reference for composites in terms of structural improvement and thermal performance enhancement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Impacts occur everywhere, and they pose a serious threat to human health and production safety. Flexible materials with efficient cushioning and energy absorption are ideal candidates to provide protection from impacts. Despite the high demand, the cushioning capacity of protective materials is still limited. In this study, an integrated bionic strategy is proposed, and a bioinspired structural composite material with highly cushioning performance is developed on the basis of this strategy. The results demonstrated that the integrated bionic material, an S‐spider web‐foam, has excellent energy storage and dissipation as well as cushioning performance. Under impact loading, S‐spider web‐foam can reduce peak impact forces by a factor of 3.5 times better than silicone foam, achieving unprecedented cushioning performance. The results of this study deepen the understanding of flexible cushioning materials and may provide new strategies and inspiration for the preparation of high‐performance flexible cushioning materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The permanent crosslinked network imparts chemical and mechanical stability to crosslinked elastomers, making their recycling a serious environmental issue. The decomposition products of pentaaryl diazoxide in the structure of hydantoin epoxy resin are nitrogen and carbon dioxide, and it is an environmentally friendly resin material. Here, we demonstrate a reversible covalent bonding reaction catalyzed by Zn2+ between the ester bond formed by the hydantoin epoxy resin and the acid anhydride, and construct a reversible crosslinked network structure of the environmentally friendly acid anhydride/hydantoin epoxy resin material. The strength, hardness and toughness of the cured material are greatly improved by optimizing its ratio. The ester exchange bonding can be reversible with temperature, which leads to the shape memory capability of the synthesized cured material. The cured product of HMY1 was recovered with ethylene glycol and completely dissolved at 180°C for 11 h. Ethylene glycol was volatilized at 190°C to obtain decomposed epoxy oligomer (DEO), which was added to the HMY1 resin system (the amount of DEO was 30 wt% of the total mass of the resin), and the network structure was cross‐linked to enable it to be recovered and remanufactured. Thus, this work provides a new avenue for the environmentally friendly development of recyclable, reconfigurable, and thermally adaptable shape‐memory hydantoin epoxy materials. Highlights: Hydantoin epoxy resin eventually breaks down into non‐toxic CO2 and N2.Hydantoin epoxy and methyl tetrahydrophthalic anhydride form a reversible dynamic chemical bond catalyzed by Zn2+.Ethylene glycol can recover and reuse the solidified product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Land use conversion of natural ecosystems to intensive agriculture can alter soil biogeochemical processes and nutrient cycling, while increasing potential for land degradation. The disturbance of soil microbial community, due to land use conversion, may also lead to detrimental effects on soil ecosystem processes and services. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine how sugarcane cultivation alters soil nitrogen (N) bioavailability and associated microbial processes in tropical Australia. Methods: Two adjacent paired sites (native forest vs sugarcane cultivation for 78 years; pasture vs sugarcane cultivation for 78 years) were selected and five composite surface soils (0–10 cm) were collected from each site. Results: Sugarcane cultivations decreased total organic carbon (OC; 45–48%), total N (51–54%), and total phosphorus (P; 26–37%) pools compared with native forest and pasture. Total mineral N (NH4+-N + NO3−-N), dissolved organic C and N contents and cumulative aerobic respiration were also lower in sugarcane than native forest and pasture lands. Reduction in soil microbial biomass (60%) following long-term conversion to sugarcane has resulted in higher metabolic quotient (qCO2) and lower C use efficiency, indicating higher level of environmental stresses in sugarcane sites. Among N cycling-associated genes, only narG showed significantly higher abundance in sugarcane than pasture land use, while narG, nosZ, nirK and nirS genes had significantly lower copy numbers in sugarcane compared with native forest. Conclusion: Sugarcane cultivation decreased soil health and biochemical quality, N bioavailability, and N cycling processes in tropical climate of this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forest fires are natural disasters that can occur suddenly and can be very damaging, burning thousands of square kilometers. Prevention is better than suppression and prediction models of forest fire occurrence have developed from the logistic regression model, the geographical weighted logistic regression model, the Lasso regression model, the random forest model, and the support vector machine model based on historical forest fire data from 2000 to 2019 in Jilin Province. The models, along with a distribution map are presented in this paper to provide a theoretical basis for forest fire management in this area. Existing studies show that the prediction accuracies of the two machine learning models are higher than those of the three generalized linear regression models. The accuracies of the random forest model, the support vector machine model, geographical weighted logistic regression model, the Lasso regression model, and logistic model were 88.7%, 87.7%, 86.0%, 85.0% and 84.6%, respectively. Weather is the main factor affecting forest fires, while the impacts of topography factors, human and social-economic factors on fire occurrence were similar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ever-increasing world population and environmental stress are leading to surging demand for nutrient-rich food products with cleaner labeling and improved sustainability. Plant proteins, accordingly, are gaining enormous popularity compared with counterpart animal proteins in the food industry. While conventional plant protein sources, such as wheat and soy, cause concerns about their allergenicity, peas, beans, chickpeas, lentils, and other pulses are becoming important staples owing to their agronomic and nutritional benefits. However, the utilization of pulse proteins is still limited due to unclear pulse protein characteristics and the challenges of characterizing them from extensively diverse varieties within pulse crops. To address these challenges, the origins and compositions of pulse crops were first introduced, while an overarching description of pulse protein physiochemical properties, e.g., interfacial properties, aggregation behavior, solubility, etc., are presented. For further enhanced functionalities, appropriate modifications (including chemical, physical, and enzymatic treatment) are necessary. Among them, non-covalent complexation and enzymatic strategies are especially preferable during the value-added processing of clean-label pulse proteins for specific focus. This comprehensive review aims to provide an in-depth understanding of the interrelationships between the composition, structure, functional characteristics, and advanced modification strategies of pulse proteins, which is a pillar of high-performance pulse protein in future food manufacturing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To study the effects of different types of exercise on the plasma metabolomics of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced depressed rats based on 1H-NMR metabolomics techniques, and to explore the potential mechanisms of exercise for the treatment of depression. Rats were randomly divided into blank control group (C), CUMS control group (D), pre-exercise with CUMS group (P), CUMS with aerobic exercise group, CUMS with resistance exercise group (R), and CUMS with aerobic + resistance exercise group (E). The corresponding protocol intervention was applied to each group of rats. Body weight, sucrose preference and open field tests were performed weekly during the experiment to evaluate the extent of depression in rats. Plasma samples from each group of rats were collected at the end of the experiment, and then the plasma was analyzed by 1H-NMR metabolomics combined with multivariate statistical analysis methods to identify differential metabolites and perform metabolic pathway analysis. (1) Compared with the group D, the body weight, sucrose preference rate, and the number of crossings and standings in the different types of exercise groups were significantly improved (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). (2) Compared to group C, a total of 15 differential metabolites associated with depression were screened in the plasma of rats in group D, involving 6 metabolic pathways. Group P can regulate the levels of 6 metabolites: valine, lactate, inositol, glucose, phosphocreatine, acetoacetic acid. Group A can regulate the levels of 6 metabolites: N-acetylglycoprotein, leucine, lactate, low density lipoprotein, glucose and acetoacetic acid. Group R can regulate the levels of 6 metabolites: choline, lactate, inositol, glucose, phosphocreatine and acetoacetic acid. Group E can regulate the levels of 5 metabolites: choline, citric acid, glucose, acetone and acetoacetic acid. The different types of exercise groups can improve the depressive symptoms in CUMS rats, and there are common metabolites and metabolic pathways for their mechanism of effects. This study provides a powerful analytical tool to study the mechanism of the antidepressant effect of exercise, and provides an important method and basis for the early diagnosis, prevention and treatment of depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The integration of machine/deep learning and sensing technologies is transforming healthcare and medical practice. However, inherent limitations in healthcare data, namely scarcity, quality, and heterogeneity, hinder the effectiveness of supervised learning techniques which are mainly based on pure statistical fitting between data and labels. In this article, we first identify the challenges present in machine learning for pervasive healthcare and we then review the current trends beyond fully supervised learning that are developed to address these three issues. Rooted in the inherent drawbacks of empirical risk minimization that underpins pure fully supervised learning, this survey summarizes seven key lines of learning strategies, to promote the generalization performance for real-world deployment. In addition, we point out several directions that are emerging and promising in this area, to develop data-efficient, scalable, and trustworthy computational models, and to leverage multi-modality and multi-source sensing informatics, for pervasive healthcare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The removal of carbon dioxide (CO2) from acetylene (C2H2) is not only industrially important for acetylene purification but also scientifically challenging owing to their high similarities in physical properties and molecular sizes. Multi-walled and ultramicroporous metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) can provide multiple specific interactions with C2H2 supplied to form a cooperative effect for efficient separation properties. Herein, we report a new strategy involving the extension of vertices to create an infinite multi-walled MOF (In-TATB) from 2,4,6-tris(4-carboxyphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine (H3TATB) and In(III) ions. Two 3D frameworks built from In(III) chains and TATB3− molecules interpenetrate through strong π–π interactions between triazine rings. Taking advantage of the confined ultramicroporous space (3.8 Å × 4.1 Å) and accessible sites of multiple walls, In-TATB shows a high adsorption enthalpy of C2H2 (36.6 kJ mol−1 at 298 K and low-coverage) and excellent separation of C2H2/CO2 mixtures with an IAST selectivity of 11.8 (at 298 K and 1 bar). More importantly, both dry and wet breakthrough results validated its exceptional separation performance for C2H2/CO2 mixtures, affording a high dynamic separation factor. This work provides a novel and powerful approach to address this extremely challenging gas separation in industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]