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By injecting cryogenic deuterium pellets into H-mode plasmas with edge localized modes (ELMs) from the low-field side (LFS) on EAST tokamak, the impact of these pellets on the edge plasma can be investigated. In some cases of pellet injection (PI), the intermediate phase (I-phase), i.e, the dithering-like cycles, have been observed. Experiments show that during one dithering-like cycle, three phases can be distinguished, which are closely related to the variations in the pedestal density profiles and density gradient after PI. Phase 1 is characterized by rapid particle loss and a density pedestal crash, phase 2 has a relatively low density gradient and enhanced edge density fluctuation and phase 3 corresponds to the relatively fast recovery of the density pedestal and reduced edge density fluctuation. Through an experimental analysis, it is shown that the plasma will enter the I-phase when the edge line-averaged density increases beyond a certain threshold value after PI. H-I-H transitions are more likely to be observed when the edge line-averaged density is greater than the core line-averaged density. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Because of the increasing market potential of Pacific white shrimp ( Litopenaeus vannamei) and limited availability of coastal areas for production, culture of L. vannamei at low salinity is a growing trend throughout the world. Dietary manipulation could improve the growth performance of L. vannamei at low salinity. This study reared L. vannamei with glucose, sucrose and corn starch as dietary carbohydrate sources, respectively, at a low salinity. The results indicated that the sucrose and glucose feeding groups showed better growth performance. An Illumina-based sequencing method was used to examine the intestinal bacterial composition and the results indicated that Proteobacteria were the most prevalent members, but abundance of Actinobacteria decreased while Firmicutes increased in the corn starch-fed group. Furthermore, bacteria related to complex carbohydrate degradation were in lower abundance, whereas the abundance of opportunistic pathogenic bacteria increased in corn starch-fed group than the other two groups, suggesting that the diet imposes selective pressure on the intestinal microbiota. Complex carbohydrates were not the ideal energy sources for L. vannamei at low salinity because the host has higher energy demand in the stressful conditions while the complex carbohydrate degradation efficiency of the gut microbiota in L. vannamei is limited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Line clipping against a polygon is widely used in computer graphics such as the hidden line problem. A new line–clipping algorithm against a general polygon is presented in this paper. The basic idea of this algorithm is to change the line to be clipped into a horizontal line by shearing transformation. Then each edge of the polygonal window is transformed by a shearing transformation with the same parameters as those used to the line. Each edge of the polygon is processed against a horizontal line, which makes the clipping process simpler. The result in this paper shows that less calculation is needed for the new algorithm with a higher speed compared to existing algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examines the Y chromosome microdeletions among infertile males in China. Ethnic differences of genetic abnormalities; Incidence of Y-microdeletions in azoospermic men; Derivation of genomic DNA from peripheral blood lymphocytes.

A diamond-coating layer is studied as a heat spreading layer for a thin-GaN light-emitting diode (LED) chip. Our results show that this diamond layer can effectively spread the heat and improve the temperature uniformity of a thin-GaN LED chip, which enhances the heat dissipation efficiency down to the heat sink. With the diamond heat spreading layer, the junction temperature of the thin-GaN LED was reduced by 20 C at 1-A current input and the uniformity of the temperature distribution is also greatly improved. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]