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In mice, γδ-T lymphocytes that express the co-stimulatory molecule, CD27, are committed to the IFNγ-producing lineage during thymic development. In the periphery, these cells play a critical role in host defense and anti-tumor immunity. Unlike αβ-T cells that rely on MHC-presented peptides to drive their terminal differentiation, it is unclear whether MHC-unrestricted γδ-T cells undergo further functional maturation after exiting the thymus. Here, we provide evidence of phenotypic and functional diversity within peripheral IFNγ-producing γδ T cells. We found that CD27+ Ly6C− cells convert into CD27+Ly6C+ cells, and these CD27+Ly6C+ cells control cancer progression in mice, while the CD27+Ly6C− cells cannot. The gene signatures of these two subsets were highly analogous to human immature and mature γδ-T cells, indicative of conservation across species. We show that IL-27 supports the cytotoxic phenotype and function of mouse CD27+Ly6C+ cells and human Vδ2+ cells, while IL-27 is dispensable for mouse CD27+Ly6C− cell and human Vδ1+ cell functions. These data reveal increased complexity within IFNγ-producing γδ-T cells, comprising immature and terminally differentiated subsets, that offer new insights into unconventional T-cell biology. Synopsis: Mouse IFNγ-producing γδ-T cells are potent cancer-killing cells; however, their diversity and regulation by cytokines is poorly understood. This study shows that CD27+Ly6C+ γδ T cells are terminally differentiated cells responsive to IL-27 that originate from immature CD27+ Ly6C- γδ T cells. The cell surface marker, Ly6C, defines a cytotoxic and terminally differentiated CD27+ γδ T cell subset. Compared to CD27+Ly6C- γδ T cells, CD27+Ly6C+ γδ T cells are characterized by transcription factor T-bet, IFNγ, and CD44 expression as well as high levels of additional cytotoxic molecules. CD27+Ly6C+ γδ T cells are more proficient for killing cancer cells than CD27+Ly6C- γδ T cells and can slow tumor growth in vivo. The conversion of immature CD27+Ly6C- γδ T cells into CD27+Ly6C+ γδ T cells is concomitant with acquisition of their cytotoxic profile. IL-27 supports the cytotoxic phenotype of mouse CD27+Ly6C+ γδ T cells and human Vδ2+ γδ T cells. Mouse IFNγ-producing γδ T cells have functional diversity similar to humans, with IL-27 important for cytotoxic phenotype in more mature γδ T cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Computer assisted surgical navigation systems are designed to improve outcomes by providing clinicians with procedural guidance information. The use of new technologies, such as mixed reality, offers the potential for more intuitive, efficient, and accurate procedural guidance. The goal of this study is to assess the positional accuracy and consistency of a clinical mixed reality system that utilizes commercially available wireless head-mounted displays (HMDs), custom software, and localization instruments. Methods: Independent teams using the second-generation Microsoft HoloLens© hardware, Medivis SurgicalAR© software, and localization instruments, tested the accuracy of the combined system at different institutions, times, and locations. The ASTM F2554-18 consensus standard for computer-assisted surgical systems, as recognized by the U.S. FDA, was utilized to measure the performance. 288 tests were performed. Results: The system demonstrated consistent results, with an average accuracy performance that was better than one millimeter (.75 ± SD.37 mm). Conclusion: Independently acquired positional tracking accuracies exceed conventional in-market surgical navigation tracking systems and FDA standards. Importantly, the performance was achieved at two different institutions, using an international testing standard, and with a system that included a commercially available off-the-shelf wireless head mounted display and software. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Malignancies have been associated with paraneoplastic syndromes, such as dermatomyositis. Subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (SCLE) can occur due to a wide array of cancers. Paraneoplastic SCLE obeys McLean's criteria and often regresses after the underlying malignancy has been treated appropriately. Anti-Ro/SSA antibodies are often present in patients with paraneoplastic SCLE; however, there have been many instances where anti-Ro may not be present. We report a case of non-Hodgkin lymphoma causing SCLE, a malignancy not previously known to be associated with paraneoplastic SCLE. We also highlight the importance of perhaps prompt chemotherapy to treat the underlying malignancy, as a failure to do so may lead to worse patient outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Malignancies have been associated with paraneoplastic syndromes, such as dermatomyositis. Subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (SCLE) can occur due to a wide array of cancers. Paraneoplastic SCLE obeys McLean's criteria and often regresses after the underlying malignancy has been treated appropriately. Anti-Ro/SSA antibodies are often present in patients with paraneoplastic SCLE; however, there have been many instances where anti-Ro may not be present. We report a case of non-Hodgkin lymphoma causing SCLE, a malignancy not previously known to be associated with paraneoplastic SCLE. We also highlight the importance of perhaps prompt chemotherapy to treat the underlying malignancy, as a failure to do so may lead to worse patient outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heterotopic ossification is a rare phenomenon defined by the formation of bone within nonossifying soft tissues. A rare variant of heterotopic ossification is heterotopic mesenteric ossification (HMO), in which there is involvement of the mesentery and surrounding intra-abdominal structures. There are only four previously reported cases of HMO involving an ileostomy. We present a case of HMO affecting an ileostomy which was discovered during elective stoma reversal in a 52-year-old male who required fecal diversion following perineal necrotizing fasciitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examined a model of parenting stress for abusive mothers ( n = 80) and nonabusive mothers ( n = 86) using linear regression analyses. Predictors in the model included (a) the degree to which mothers were bothered by child misbehavior, (b) mothers’ general psychological functioning, and (c) observed child behavior during parent–child interactions. Whether abuse status moderated the relations between each predictor and parenting stress was also explored. Results indicated that mothers’ psychological functioning significantly predicted parenting stress; however, neither mothers’ intolerance for their children’s misbehavior nor observed child behavior were significant predictors of parenting stress in the regression model. A test of moderation revealed a significant interaction between parental intolerance and abuse status such that intolerance predicted parenting stress level only for abusive mothers. A comparison of correlations indicated that abusive mothers’ level of parenting stress was more closely related to their intolerance for child conduct problems than to the child’s behavior during play with their mothers. Findings are discussed in terms of implications for interventions to reduce parenting stress experienced by nonabusive and abusive mothers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the geocritical approach to the works of Djuna Barnes, Natalie Clifford Barney and Radclyff Hall. Geography can function as a coded language communicating sexual meaning. The three authors constructed Parisian geographic and literary female spaces. They have invented imaginary female-centered Parisian sites.

We examined the use of superstitious behavior by major league baseball players in the United States and Japan. The majority of professional players in both countries reported using superstitious behaviors but expressed little confidence that the behavior actually affected outcomes. Consistent with the uncertainty hypothesis, the more players believed luck affected outcomes during the game, the more they engaged in superstitious behavior. American players tended to be more superstitious than Japanese players. American players were more likely than the Japanese players to believe their superstitions aided their individual performance, whereas Japanese players were more likely than Americans to believe their superstitions helped the team performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examined proliferation markers Ki-67 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) to determine whether immunohistochemical staining results could predict outcome in 22 uterine papillary serous carcinomas (UPSC). Eighteen tumors (82%) had increased proliferation as demonstrated by Ki-67 immunostaining with 50% of these patients dying of disease. Twenty tumors (91%) showed high PCNA immunoreactivity; 60% of these patients died of disease. Most UPSC exhibit high immunoreactivity to Ki-67 and/or PCNA, which showed no correlation with outcome or stage. These results may reflect the aggressive clinical behavior of UPSC. We conclude that Ki-67 and PCNA immunohistochemistry have limited use as prognostic indicators in UPSC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]