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This study investigates the role of USP47, a deubiquitinating enzyme, in the tumor microenvironment and its impact on antitumor immune responses. Analysis of TCGA database revealed distinct expression patterns of USP47 in various tumor tissues and normal tissues. Prostate adenocarcinoma showed significant downregulation of USP47 compared to normal tissue. Correlation analysis demonstrated a positive association between USP47 expression levels and infiltrating CD8+ T cells, neutrophils, and macrophages, while showing a negative correlation with NKT cells. Furthermore, using Usp47 knockout mice, we observed a slower tumor growth rate and reduced tumor burden. The absence of USP47 led to increased infiltration of immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, NK cells, NKT cells, and T cells. Additionally, USP47 deficiency resulted in enhanced activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and altered T cell subsets within the tumor microenvironment. These findings suggest that USP47 plays a critical role in modulating the tumor microenvironment and promoting antitumor immune responses, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target in prostate cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Selaginella tamariscina is a perennial plant that is used for diverse diseases. This study investigated whether Selaginella tamariscina has an antiviral effect against influenza A virus (IAV) infection. We used green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged influenza A virus (IAV) to examine the effect of Selaginella tamariscina ethanol extract (STE) on influenza viral infection. Fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry showed that STE potently represses GFP expression by the virus, dose-dependently. STE significantly inhibited the expression of the IAV M2, NP, HA, NA, NS1, and PB2 proteins. Time-of-addition and hemagglutination inhibition assays showed that STE has an inhibitory effect on hemagglutinin and viral binding on the cells at an early infection time. In addition, STE exerted a suppressive effect on the neuraminidase activity of the H1N1 and H3N2 IAVs. Furthermore, dose-dependently, STE inhibited the cytopathic effect induced by H3N2, as well as by H1N1 IAV. Especially in the presence of 200 µg/mL STE, the cytopathic effect was completely blocked. Our findings suggest that STE has antiviral efficacy against IAV infection; thus, it could be developed as a natural IAV inhibitor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to develop a multi-objective distant-water fisheries survey scheme that balances survey cost and effectiveness. Based on the survey data from 2021 to 2023 in Northwest Pacific Ocean, the relative abundance distribution of Scomber australasicus, Scomber japonicus, Sardinops melanostictus was simulated using Kriging interpolation, and assume relative resource as their 'true' values. The effectiveness of the Simple random sampling (Design 1), Systematic sampling (Design 2), Stratified random sampling based on stratum area size allocation method (Design 3), and Stratified random sampling based on fishery resource biomass allocation method (Design 4) was assessed through computer simulation. Two indicators, Relative estimation error (REE) and Relative bias (RB) were used to evaluate the accuracy of the assessment effects, and the number of sampling stations was selected using the Accuracy change rate (ACR). The results showed that the estimation accuracy of the four sampling designs were different. In general, Design 4 had the highest accuracy, followed by Design 3, Design 2 and Design 1. The REE values of target species abundance index estimation of Design2 fluctuated with the increasing number of sampling stations. Design 4 exhibited higher accuracy in estimating the abundance index of S. japonicus, S. melanostictus and the total fishery resources. However, Design 4 demonstrated an overestimation in estimating the abundance index of Chub mackerel. Using Design 4 for simulated sampling, and considering all objectives, the optimal number of sampling stations could be set at 28. In conclusion, the Stratified sampling method (Design 4) can be prioritized as the survey station design approach for the Northwest Pacific Ocean fishery resource survey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In times of prolonged economic doldrums across the globe, multinational firms (MNFs) offshoring blunders can undermine their competitiveness in the marketplace. To help the MNF formulate a more resilient offshoring strategy and identify the most desirable offshoring destination, this article aims to identify dynamic risk factors that significantly hinder the efficiency of offshoring and then measure specific offshoring risks over time using two different versions of data envelopment analysis (DEA) models and Malmquist productivity index (MPI). After assessing the degree of risk resiliency of the offshoring host countries over extended periods and then conducting Tobit regression analysis to identify key factors that significantly influence offshoring risks, we found that the host country's logistics efficiency (i.e., logistics performance index [LPI]) and domestic market size were critical indicators of offshoring success in that country. Since low‐cost sourcing countries (LCCs) tend to have relatively low LPIs and smaller domestic market sizes, they are not attractive offshoring destinations. This finding defies conventional wisdom. This article is one of the first longitudinal studies to assess the comprehensive risk resilience of 87 different offshoring destinations (countries) during multiple periods (6‐year span). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The depletion of the ozone layer over the last four decades has increased Earth's exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, posing significant health risks. Indium‐Gallium‐Zinc‐Oxide (IGZO) phototransistors have emerged as promising UV detection candidates, boasting a wide bandgap (>3 eV), low off‐current, high on‐current, and stability. However, previous efforts to enhance the photoresponse of IGZO phototransistors focused on visible light absorption layers, neglecting UV detection. Here, zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) as an absorption layer in IGZO TFTs for UV phototransistors are introduced. IGZO/ZnO TFTs exhibit robust photoresponsivity for UV light below 360 nm, showcasing rejection ratios (Ruv / Rvis) of 20 258, 62 261, 193 649, and 401 582 for wavelengths of 360, 340, 320, and 300 nm, respectively. The combination of IGZO's wide bandgap with ZnO NPs proves effective for detecting UV light below 360 nm, even at low incident light intensities (15 µW cm−2). Enhanced photoresponse characteristics are confirmed via ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy. This research highlights the potential of IGZO materials for UV phototransistors and introduces a novel perspective on the utilization of an additional absorption layer traditionally employed for the conventional extension into the visible light range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Obesity and metabolic syndrome alter serum lipid profiles. They also increase vulnerability to viral infections and worsen the survival rate and symptoms after infection. How serum lipids affect influenza virus proliferation is unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of lysophosphatidylcholines on influenza A virus (IAV) proliferation. IAV particles in the culture medium were titrated using extraction-free quantitative PCR, and viral RNA and protein levels were assessed using real-time PCR and Western blot, respectively. RNA sequencing data were analyzed using PCA and heatmap analysis, and pathway analysis was performed using the KEGG mapper and PathIN tools. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS21.0. LPC treatment of THP-1 cells significantly increased IAV proliferation and IAV RNA and protein levels, and saturated LPC was more active in IAV RNA expression than unsaturated LPC was. The functional analysis of genes affected by LPCs showed that the expression of genes involved in IAV signaling, such as suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3), phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 3 (PI3K) and AKT serine/threonine kinase 3 (AKT3), Toll-like receptor 7 (TKR7), and interferon gamma receptor 1 (IFNGR1), was changed by LPC. Altered influenza A pathways were linked with MAPK and PI3K/AKT signaling. Treatment with inhibitors of MAPK or PI3K attenuated viral gene expression changes induced by LPCs. The present study shows that LPCs stimulated virus reproduction by modifying the cellular environment to one in which viruses proliferated better. This was mediated by the MAPK, JNK, and PI3K/AKT pathways. Further animal studies are needed to confirm the link between LPCs from serum or the respiratory system and IAV proliferation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Although DHFR gene amplification has long been known as a major mechanism for methotrexate (MTX) resistance in cancer, the early changes and detailed development of the resistance are not yet fully understood. Methods: We performed genomic, transcriptional and proteomic analyses of human colon cancer cells with sequentially increasing levels of MTX-resistance. Results: The genomic amplification evolved in three phases (pre-amplification, homogenously staining region (HSR) and extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA)). We confirm that genomic amplification and increased expression of DHFR, with formation of HSRs and especially ecDNAs, is the major driver of resistance. However, DHFR did not play a detectable role in the early phase. In the late phase (ecDNA), increase in FAM151B protein level may also have an important role by decreasing sensitivity to MTX. In addition, although MSH3 and ZFYVE16 may be subject to different posttranscriptional regulations and therefore protein expressions are decreased in ecDNA stages compared to HSR stages, they still play important roles in MTX resistance. Conclusion: The study provides a detailed evolutionary trajectory of MTX-resistance and identifies new targets, especially ecDNAs, which could help to prevent drug resistance. It also presents a proof-of-principal approach which could be applied to other cancer drug resistance studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The joint action-value function (JAVF) plays a key role in the centralized training of multi-agent deep reinforcement learning (MADRL)-based algorithms using the value function decomposition (VFD) and in the generating process of a collaborative policy between agents. However, under the influence of multiple factors such as environmental noise, inadequate exploration and iterative updating mechanism, estimation bias is inevitably introduced, causing its overestimation problem, which in turn prevents agents from obtaining accurate reward signals during the learning process, and fails to correctly approximate the optimal policy. To address this problem, this paper first analyzes the causes of joint action-value function overestimation, gives the corresponding mathematical proofs and theoretical derivations, and obtains the lower bound of the overestimation error; then, a MADRL overestimation reduction method based on the multi-step weighted double estimation named λWD QMIX is proposed. Specifically, the λWD QMIX method effectively achieves more stable and accurate JAVF estimation results using the bias correction estimation mechanisms based on the weighted double estimation and multi-step updating based on eligibility trace backup, without additionally adding or changing any network structure. The results of a series of experiments on the StarCraft II micromanipulation benchmark show that the proposed λWD QMIX algorithm can effectively improve the final performance and learning efficiency of the baseline algorithm, and can be seamlessly integrated with the partially MADRL algorithms based on communication learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The need for cross-comparison and validation of all-weather Land Surface Temperature (LST) products has arisen due to the release of multiple such products aimed at providing comprehensive all-weather monitoring capabilities. In this study, we focus on validating two well-established all-weather LST products (i.e. MLST-AS and TRIMS LST) against in-situ measurements obtained from four high-quality LST validation sites: Evora, Gobabeb, KIT-Forest, and Lake Constance. For the land sites, MLST-AS exhibits better accuracy, with RMSEs ranging from 1.6 K to 2.1 K, than TRIMS LST, the RMSEs of which range from 1.9 K to 3.1 K. Because MLST-AS pixels classified as "inland water" are masked out, the validation over Lake Constance is limited to TRIMS LST: it yields a RMSE of 1.6 K. Furthermore, the validation results show that MLST-AS and TRIMS LST exhibit better accuracy under clear-sky conditions than unclear-sky conditions across all sites. Since the accuracy of the all-weather LST products is considerably affected by the input clear-sky LST products, we further compare the all-weather LST with the corresponding input clear-sky LST to conduct an error source analysis. Considering the clear-sky pixels on MLST-AS directly using the estimates from MLST, the error source analysis is limited to examining TRIMS LST and its input (i.e. MODIS LST). The findings indicate that TRIMS LST is highly correlated with MODIS LST. The investigation and validation of the two selected all-weather LST products objectively evaluate their accuracy and stability, which provides important information for applications of these all-weather LST products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While a gambler may occasionally win, continuous gambling inevitably results in a net loss to the casino. This study experimentally demonstrates the profitability of a particularly deceptive casino game: a two-armed antique Mills Futurity slot machine. The main findings clearly show that both non-random and random two-arm strategies, predetermined by the player and repeated without interruption, are always profitable for the casino, despite two coins being refunded for every two consecutive losses by the gambler. We theoretically explore the cyclical nature of slot machine strategies and speculate on the impact of the frequency of switching strategies on casino returns. Our results not only assist casino owners in developing and improving casino designs, but also guide gamblers to participate more cautiously in gambling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to report three new species of Conoideocrella and Moelleriella from Yunnan Province, Southwestern China. Species of Conoideocrella and Moelleriella parasitize scale insects (Coccidae and Lecaniidae, Hemiptera) and whiteflies (Aleyrodidae, Hemiptera). Based on the phylogenetic analyses of the three-gene nrLSU, tef-1α, and rpb1, it showed one new record species (Conoideocrella tenuis) and one new species (Conoideocrella fenshuilingensis sp. nov.) in the genus Conoideocrella, and two new species, i.e., Moelleriella longzhuensis sp. nov. and Moelleriella jinuoana sp. nov. in the genus Moelleriella. The three new species were each clustered into separate clades that distinguished themselves from one another. All of them were distinguishable from their allied species based on their morphology. Morphological descriptions, illustrations, and comparisons of the allied taxa of the four species are provided in the present paper. In addition, calculations of intraspecific and interspecific genetic distances were performed for Moelleriella and Conoideocrella. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Direct enantioselective reduction of the C=C bond of β-polyfluoro-alkylated enones is an important but long-pending subject in asymmetric catalysis. Here, we report on the viability of visible light-driven cooperative photoredox and chiral hydrogen-bonding catalysis to effectively address this challenge, as a variety of products are obtained in high yields (up to 85%) with good to excellent enantioselectivities (up to 98% ee). The formation of thermodynamically favorable enol intermediates after double single-electron reduction represents the center of the success. Additionally, the utility of the current method is validated by the convenient regio-specific and -diverse synthesis of various deuterated derivatives for these products using inexpensive D2O as the deuterium source. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dynamics of spin–orbit-coupled Bose–Einstein condensate with parity-time symmetry through a moving obstacle potential is simulated numerically. In the miscible two-component condensate, the formation of the Kármán vortex street is observed in one component, while 'the half-quantum vortex street' is observed in the other component. Other patterns of vortex shedding, such as oblique vortex dipoles, V-shaped vortex pairs, irregular turbulence, and combined modes of various wakes, can also be found. The ratio of inter-vortex spacing in one row to the distance between vortex rows is approximately 0.18, which is less than the stability condition 0.28 of classical fluid. The drag force acting on the obstacle potential is simulated. The parametric regions of Kármán vortex street and other vortex patterns are calculated. The range of Kármán vortex street is surrounded by the region of combined modes. In addition, spin–orbit coupling disrupts the symmetry of the system and the gain-loss affects the local particle distribution of the system, which leads to the local symmetry breaking of the system, and finally influences the stability of the Kármán vortex street. Finally, we propose an experimental protocol to realize the Kármán vortex street in a system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An alternative route is offered for the electrodeposition of polymelamine (pMel) by electropolymerization in deep eutectic solvents, which has been proposed previously (Electrocatalysis 12:238–250, 2021) but difficultly synthesizing pMel in (Electrocatalysis 14:131–137, 2023). The introduction of a modest amount of water as an additive into deep eutectic solvents enables the electropolymerzation of melamine to pMel on carbon electrodes. The electrochemical behavior and catalytic activity of active chlorine species in different proportions of water-containing deep eutectic solvents was studied carefully by cyclic voltammetry. Electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance and atomic force microscopy studies confirmed the mass changes and nanostructure formation that occurred during pMel deposition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to explore the gut microbiota characteristics of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke patients. A case–control study was conducted, and high-throughput sequencing of the V4–V5 region of 16S rRNA was used to analyze the differences in gut microbiota. The results showed that Proteobacteria was significantly increased in the ischemic stroke group compared with the healthy control group, while Fusobacteria was significantly increased in the hemorrhagic stroke group. In the ischemic stroke group, Butyricimonas, Alloprevotella, and Escherichia were significantly more abundant than in the healthy control group. In the hemorrhagic stroke group, Atopobium, Hungatella, Eisenbergiella, Butyricimonas, Odonbacter, Lachnociostridium, Alistipes, Parabacteroides, and Fusobacterium were significantly more abundant than in the healthy control group. Additionally, Alloprevotella, Ruminococcus, and Prevotella were significantly more abundant in the ischemic stroke group than in the hemorrhagic stroke group. The gut microbiota of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke patients has significant diversity characteristics. These results provide new theoretical basis for exploring the prevention and treatment of different types of stroke through gut microbiota research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbonyl sulfide (COS), a trace gas in our atmosphere that leads to the formation of aerosols in the stratosphere, is largely taken up by terrestrial ecosystems. Quantifying the biosphere uptake of COS could provide a useful quantity to estimate gross primary productivity (GPP). Some COS sources and sinks still contain large uncertainties, and several top-down estimates of the COS budget point to an underestimation of sources, especially in the tropics. We extended the inverse model TM5-4DVAR to assimilate Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) satellite data, in addition to National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) surface data as used in a previous study. To resolve possible discrepancies among the two observational data sets, a bias correction scheme is necessary and implemented. A set of inversions is presented that explores the influence of the different measurement streams and the settings of the prior fluxes. To evaluate the performance of the inverse system, the HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO) aircraft observations and NOAA airborne profiles are used. All inversions reduce the COS biosphere uptake from a prior value of 1053 GgS a -1 to much smaller values, depending on the inversion settings. These large adjustments of the biosphere uptake often turn parts of Amazonia into a COS source. Only inversions that exclusively use MIPAS observations, or strongly reduce the prior errors on the biosphere flux, maintain the Amazon as a COS sink. Inclusion of MIPAS data in the inversion leads to a better separation of land and ocean fluxes. Over the Amazon, these inversions reduce the biosphere uptake from roughly 300 to 100 GgS a -1 , indicating a strongly overestimated prior uptake in this region. Although a recent study also reported reduced COS uptake over the Amazon, we emphasise that a careful construction of prior fluxes and their associated errors remains important. For instance, an inversion that gives large freedom to adjust the anthropogenic and ocean fluxes of CS2 , an important COS precursor, also closes the budget satisfactorily with much smaller adjustments to the biosphere. We achieved better characterisation of biosphere prior and uncertainty, better characterisation of combined ocean and land fluxes, and better constraint of both by combining surface and satellite observations. We recommend more COS observations to characterise biosphere and ocean fluxes, especially over the data-poor tropics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Recent evidence has demonstrated that abnormal expression and regulation of circular RNA (circRNAs) are involved in the occurrence and development of a variety of tumors. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of circ_PPAPDC1A in Osimertinib resistance in NSCLC. Methods: Human circRNAs microarray analysis was conducted to identify differentially expressed (DE) circRNAs in Osimertinib-acquired resistance tissues of NSCLC. The effect of circ_PPAPDC1A on cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and apoptosis was assessed in both in vitro and in vivo. Dual-luciferase reporter assay, RT-qPCR, Western-blot, and rescue assay were employed to confirm the interaction between circ_PPAPDC1A/miR-30a-3p/IGF1R axis. Results: The results revealed that circ_PPAPDC1A was significantly upregulated in Osimertinib acquired resistance tissues of NSCLC. circ_PPAPDC1A reduced the sensitivity of PC9 and HCC827 cells to Osimertinib and promoted cell proliferation, invasion, migration, while inhibiting apoptosis in Osimertinib-resistant PC9/OR and HCC829/OR cells, both in vitro and in vivo. Silencing circ_PPAPDC1A partially reversed Osimertinib resistance. Additionally, circ_PPAPDC1A acted as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) by targeting miR-30a-3p, and Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 Receptor (IGF1R) was identified as a functional gene for miR-30a-3p in NSCLC. Furthermore, the results confirmed that circ_PPAPDC1A/miR-30a-3p/IGF1R axis plays a role in activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in NSCLC with Osimertinib resistance. Conclusions: Therefore, for the first time we identified that circ_PPAPDC1A was significantly upregulated and exerts an oncogenic role in NSCLC with Osimertinib resistance by sponging miR-30a-3p to active IGF1R/PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. circ_PPAPDC1A may serve as a novel diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for NSCLC patients with Osimertinib resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) are pivotal intermediates involved in all the cathodic reactions in lithium–sulfur (Li−S) batteries. Elucidating the solvation structure of LiPSs is the first step for rational design of electrolyte and improving Li−S battery performances. Herein, we investigate the solvation structure of LiPSs and find that Li salt anions tend to enter the first solvation sheath of LiPSs and form contact ion pairs in electrolyte. The anion‐involved solvation structure of LiPSs significantly influences the intrinsic kinetics of the sulfur redox reactions. In particular, the LiPS solvation structure modified by lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide endows Li−S batteries with reduced polarization and enhanced rate performances under high sulfur areal loading and lean electrolyte volume conditions. This work updates the fundamental understanding of the solvation chemistry of LiPSs and highlights electrolyte engineering for promoting the performances of Li−S batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) are pivotal intermediates involved in all the cathodic reactions in lithium–sulfur (Li−S) batteries. Elucidating the solvation structure of LiPSs is the first step for rational design of electrolyte and improving Li−S battery performances. Herein, we investigate the solvation structure of LiPSs and find that Li salt anions tend to enter the first solvation sheath of LiPSs and form contact ion pairs in electrolyte. The anion‐involved solvation structure of LiPSs significantly influences the intrinsic kinetics of the sulfur redox reactions. In particular, the LiPS solvation structure modified by lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide endows Li−S batteries with reduced polarization and enhanced rate performances under high sulfur areal loading and lean electrolyte volume conditions. This work updates the fundamental understanding of the solvation chemistry of LiPSs and highlights electrolyte engineering for promoting the performances of Li−S batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The TiO2/FeOCl composites were prepared by a simple calcination method, and the photo-Fenton performance of the TiO2/FeOCl photo-Fenton catalysts was investigated for the degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) and Tetracycline (TC) in simulated sunlight under different conditions. The structure, morphology, elemental composition and optical properties of the samples were investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and ultraviolet–visible absorption spectroscopy (UV–vis). The results showed that the synthesized. TiO2/FeOCl catalysts exhibited enhanced visible light absorption and excellent photo-Fenton performance. Compared with pure FeOCl, TiO2/FeOCl has a stronger degradation ability for both RhB and TC, and within 10 min, the degradation rate of RhB reaches 90.9%, which is about 6 times the degradation efficiency of FeOCl, and the removal rate of TC reaches 86%, which is about 2 times the removal efficiency of FeOCl; within 60 min, the degradation rate of RhB reaches 98% and the degradation rate of TC reaches 94%. The heterojunction formed between TiO2 and FeOCl inhibited the recombination of electron–hole pairs, and at the same time, the presence of e-promoted the cycling of Fe3+ and Fe2+ in FeOCl, which facilitated the generation of hydroxyl radicals (·OH) from H2O2 and improved the photo-Fenton activity to achieve the pollutant degradation effect. Free radical trapping experiments confirmed that hydroxyl radicals were the main active groups, and the possible mechanism of photo-Fenton degradation was analyzed in detail. In this study, the efficient photo-Fenton performance of TiO2/FeOCl provides a new idea for the modification of pure FeOCl. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the change in drug-resistant pattern, MDR/RR-TB was faced with underlying changes in regimens. A multi-center, large-scale, retrospective study performed aims to provide a recommendation of drug selection on optimization of outcome for the patients. The study was conducted in six TB-specialized hospitals in China. Patients were included from 2018-2021 and followed up throughout the treatment. Using a multivarariable and propensity score-matched logistic regression analysis, we evaluated associations between outcomes and drug use, as well as clinical characteritics. Of 3112 patients, 74.29% had treatment sucess, 14.52% lost to follow-up, 9.67% failure, and 1.51% died. Treatment success was positively associated with Bedaquiline(Bdq), Linezolid(Lzd), and Cycloserin(Cs). Capreomycin(Cm) increased the risk of unfavorable outcomes. other drugs such as Amikacin(Amk) and clofazimine had no significant effect on outcomes. If isolates were susceptible to fluoroquinolones(FQs), FQs could decrease the risk of unfavorable outcomes. The recommendation order for the treatment of MDR/RR-TB is Bdq, Lzd, and Cs. FQs were decreased in use intensity. Injection drugs, whether Amk or Cm, are not recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a renewable-energy-penetrated power system (RPPS), inverter-based resources (IBRs) pose serious challenges to power system stability due to their completely different dynamic characteristics compared with conventional generators; thus, it is necessary to study the dynamic interactions between IBRs and power systems. Although many research efforts have been dedicated to this topic from both power electronics and power system researchers, some research from the power electronics field treats the external power system as a voltage source with an impedance, therefore ignoring the dynamic characteristics of a power system, while most of the research from the power system field applies simulation-based methods, for which it is difficult to directly interpret the interaction mechanism of IBRs and external system dynamics. Thus, none of these studies can explore the accurate dynamic interaction mechanism between IBRs and power systems, leading to performance degradation of IBR-integrated power systems. Our study takes into account the dynamic characteristics of both IBRs and the external power system, resulting in the development of a new open-loop transfer function for RPPSs. Based on this formulation, it is observed that under certain operating conditions, the dynamic interactions between the inverter and the power system help enhance IBR-penetrated power system stability compared with the case for which the external power system is controlled as a voltage source. The study also reveals how the inverter (phase-locked loop, control parameters, etc.), external power system (network strength) and penetration ratio in an IBR-penetrated power system affect the dynamic interactions between IBRs and the external power system using the proposed quantified interaction indices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most of the existing coal mine water inrush risk assessment methods are global assessment methods, which have the following problems: they ignore the difference in importance of the evaluation indicators at different locations in the study area and assign the same weight value; the area of the danger zone in the evaluation results is thus too large. The evaluation results improve the prediction accuracy by reducing the safe zone area. To address the aforementioned issues, this study employs a local analysis method based on a moving circular window, taking into account the spatial heterogeneity of criterion indicators in the decision-making process. By traversing each position of the raster with a circular moving window, the method performs local standardization and calculates local weights of indicators within the local window range. Based on the obtained maps of locally standardized evaluation criteria and local weights, a local water inrush risk assessment model is established using Geographic Information Systems (ArcGIS), considering the differences in the importance of evaluation indicators within the study area. Taking the Liangshuijing mining area as an example, both global and local evaluation models were employed to assess its water inrush risk. The evaluation results obtained from these two models were compared and validated against geological survey data and historical water inrush points. The comparative analysis between the two methods reveals that the local evaluation model demonstrates higher accuracy. It offers a more precise delineation of the distribution of water inrush risk zones, which better corresponds to the actual conditions within the mine. The localized water inrush risk assessment method proposed in this paper breaks away from the traditional approach of uniformly weighting evaluation indicators across the entire area, offering a novel method for assessing water inrush risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Mental health problems are critical and common in medical staff working in Intensive Care Units (ICU) even at the late stage of COVID-19, particularly for nurses. There is little research to explore the inner relationships between common syndromes, such as depression and burnout. Network analysis (NA) was a novel approach to quantified the correlations between mental variables from the perspective of mathematics. This study was to investigate the interactions between burnout and depression symptoms through NA among ICU nurses. Method: A cross-sectional study with a total of 616 Chinese nurses in ICU were carried out by convenience sampling from December 19, 2022 to January19, 2023 via online survey. Burnout symptoms were measured by Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS) (Chinese version), and depressive symptoms were assessed by the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). NA was applied to build interactions between burnout and depression symptoms. We identified central and bridge symptoms by R package qgraph in the network model. R package bootnet was used to examined the stability of network structure. Results: The prevalence of burnout and depressive symptoms were 48.2% and 64.1%, respectively. Within depression-burnout network, PHQ4(Fatigue)-MBI2(Used up) and PHQ4(Fatigue)-MBI5(Breakdown) showed stronger associations. MBI2(Used up) had the strongest expected influence central symptoms, followed by MBI4(Stressed) and MBI7 (Less enthusiastic). For bridge symptoms. PHQ4(Fatigue), MBI5(Breakdown) and MBI2(Used up) weighed highest. Both correlation stability coefficients of central and bridge symptoms in the network structure were 0.68, showing a high excellent level of stability. Conclusion: The symptom of PHQ4(Fatigue) was the bridge to connect the emotion exhaustion and depression. Targeting this symptom will be effective to detect mental disorders and relieve mental syndromes of ICU nurses at the late stage of COVID-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate whether high cognitive task load (CTL) for aircraft pilots can be identified by analysing heart-rate variability, electrocardiograms were recorded while cadet pilots (n = 68) performed the plane tracking, anti-gravity pedalling, and reaction tasks during simulated flight missions. Data for standard electrocardiogram parameters were extracted from the R–R-interval series. In the research phase, low frequency power (LF), high frequency power (HF), normalised HF, and LF/HF differed significantly between high and low CTL conditions (p <.05 for all). A principal component analysis identified three components contributing 90.62% of cumulative heart-rate variance. These principal components were incorporated into a composite index. Validation in a separate group of cadet pilots (n = 139) under similar conditions showed that the index value significantly increased with increasing CTL (p <.05). The heart-rate variability index can be used to objectively identify high CTL flight conditions. Practitioner summary: We used principal component analysis of electrocardiogram data to construct a composite index for identifying high cognitive task load in pilots during simulated flight. We validated the index in a separate group of pilots under similar conditions. The index can be used to improve cadet training and flight safety. Abbreviations: ANOVA: a one-way analysis of variance; AP: anti-gravity pedaling task; CTL: cognitive task load; ECG: electrocardiograms; HR: heart rate; HRV: heart-rate variability; HRVI: heart-rate variability index; PT: plane-tracking task; RMSSD: root-mean square of differences between consecutive R–R intervals; RT: reaction task; SDNN: standard deviation of R-R intervals; HF: high frequency power; HFnu: normalized HF; LF: low frequency power; LFnu: normalized LF; PCA: principal component analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries promise high‐energy‐density potential to exceed the commercialized lithium‐ion batteries but suffer from limited cycling lifespan due to the side reactions between lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) and Li metal anodes. Herein, a three‐way electrolyte with ternary solvents is proposed to enable high‐energy‐density and long‐cycling Li–S pouch cells. Concretely, ternary solvents composed of 1,2‐dimethoxyethane, di‐isopropyl sulfide, and 1,3,5‐trioxane are employed to guarantee smooth cathode kinetics, inhibit the parasitic reactions, and construct a robust solid electrolyte interphase, respectively. The cycling lifespan of Li–S coin cells with 50 µm Li anodes and 4.0 mg cm−2 sulfur cathodes is prolonged from 88 to 222 cycles using the three‐way electrolyte. Nano‐heterogeneous solvation structure of LiPSs and organic‐rich solid electrolyte interphase are identified to improve the cycling stability of Li metal anodes. Consequently, a 3.0 Ah‐level Li–S pouch cell with the three‐way electrolyte realizes a high energy density of 405 Wh kg−1 and undergoes 27 cycles. This work affords a three‐way electrolyte recipe for suppressing the side reactions of LiPSs and inspires rational electrolyte design for practical high‐energy‐density and long‐cycling Li–S batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ZnSnO3 single crystal films were prepared on c-plane sapphire substrates using pulsed laser deposition and post-annealing methods. For the as-grown sample at 700 °C, post-annealing at 700 °C resulted in a significant improvement in the crystalline quality of the single crystal films, while post-annealing at 800 °C led to decomposition of ZnSnO3. Compared with the amorphous and mixed crystal ZnSnO3-based photodetectors (PDs), the single crystal ZnSnO3-based PD has a better light-to-dark current ratio (1.32 × 106) and higher responsivity (8.71 A/W) at 5 V under 254-nm UV (1.1 mW/cm2) illumination. Such a good performance serves as resounding validation of the remarkable potential of ZnSnO3 epitaxial films in the context of solar-blind PDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gestational hypoxia adversely affects uterine artery function, increasing complications. However, an effective therapy remains unidentified. Here, we show in rodent uterine arteries that hypoxic pregnancy promotes hypertrophic remodelling, increases constrictor reactivity via protein kinase C signalling, and triggers compensatory dilatation via nitric oxide‐dependent mechanisms and stimulation of large conductance Ca2+‐activated K+‐channels. Maternal in vivo oral treatment with the mitochondria‐targeted antioxidant MitoQ in hypoxic pregnancy normalises uterine artery reactivity and prevents vascular remodelling. From days 6–20 of gestation (term ∼22 days), female Wistar rats were randomly assigned to normoxic or hypoxic (13–14% O2) pregnancy ± daily maternal MitoQ treatment (500 µm in drinking water). At 20 days of gestation, maternal, placental and fetal tissue was frozen to determine MitoQ uptake. The uterine arteries were harvested and, in one segment, constrictor and dilator reactivity was determined by wire myography. Another segment was fixed for unbiased stereological analysis of vessel morphology. Maternal administration of MitoQ in both normoxic and hypoxic pregnancy crossed the placenta and was present in all tissues analysed. Hypoxia increased uterine artery constrictor responses to norepinephrine, angiotensin II and the protein kinase C activator, phorbol 12,13‐dibutyrate. Hypoxia enhanced dilator reactivity to sodium nitroprusside, the large conductance Ca2+‐activated K+‐channel activator NS1619 and ACh via increased nitric oxide‐dependent mechanisms. Uterine arteries from hypoxic pregnancy showed increased wall thickness and MitoQ treatment in hypoxic pregnancy prevented all effects on uterine artery reactivity and remodelling. The data support mitochondria‐targeted therapy against adverse changes in uterine artery structure and function in high‐risk pregnancy. Key points: Dysfunction and remodelling of the uterine artery are strongly implicated in many pregnancy complications, including advanced maternal age, maternal hypertension of pregnancy, maternal obesity, gestational diabetes and pregnancy at high altitude.Such complications not only have immediate adverse effects on the growth of the fetus, but also they can also increase the risk of cardiovascular disease in the mother and offspring. Despite this, there is a significant unmet clinical need for therapeutics that treat uterine artery vascular dysfunction in adverse pregnancy.Here, we show in a rodent model of gestational hypoxia that in vivo oral treatment of the mitochondria‐targeted antioxidant MitoQ protects against uterine artery vascular dysfunction and remodelling, supporting the use of mitochondria‐targeted therapy against adverse changes in uterine artery structure and function in high‐risk pregnancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs) are cyclic molecules consisting of two nucleoside monophosphates linked by two phosphodiester bonds, which act as a second messenger and bind to the interferon gene stimulating factor (STING) to activate the downstream signaling pathway and ultimately induce interferon secretion, initiating an anti-infective immune response. Cyclic dinucleotides and their analogs are lead compounds in the immunotherapy of infectious diseases and tumors, as well as immune adjuvants with promising applications. Many agonists of pathogen recognition receptors have been developed as effective adjuvants to optimize vaccine immunogenicity and efficacy. In this work, the binding mechanism of human-derived interferon gene-stimulating protein and its isoforms with cyclic dinucleotides and their analogs was theoretically investigated using computer simulations and combined with experimental results in the hope of providing guidance for the subsequent synthesis of cyclic dinucleotide analogs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Visible light photodetectors are extensively researched with transparent metal oxide holes/electron layers for various applications. Among the metal oxide transporting layers, nickel oxide (NiO) and zinc oxide (ZnO) are commonly adopted due to their wide band gap and high transparency. The objective of this study was to improve the visible light detection of NiO/ZnO photodiodes by introducing an additional quantum dot (QD) layer between the NiO and ZnO layers. Utilizing the unique property of QDs, we could select different sizes of QDs and responsive light wavelength ranges. The resulting red QDs utilized device that could detect light starting at 635 nm to UV (Ultra-violet) light wavelength and exhibited a photoresponsivity and external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 14.99 mA/W and 2.92% under 635 nm wavelength light illumination, respectively. Additionally, the green QDs, which utilized a device that could detect light starting at 520 nm, demonstrated photoresponsivity values of 8.34 mA/W and an EQE of 1.99% under 520 nm wavelength light illumination, respectively. In addition, we used X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) to investigate the origin of the photocurrents and the enhancement of the device's performance. This study suggests that incorporating QDs with metal oxide semiconductors is an effective approach for detecting visible light wavelengths in transparent optoelectronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transmission characteristics of terahertz waves in inhomogeneous magnetized dusty plasma are studied by using the shift-operator finite-difference-time-domain (SO-FDTD) method. The Epstein distribution model is employed to simulate the electron density distribution in dusty plasmas. The results given by the SO-FDTD method are in good agreement with those gotten by the Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin method. Both the left-hand and right-hand circularly polarized (LCP and RCP) waves are taken into account. The transmission characteristics of RCP waves are more complicated than LCP waves. The numerical results show that all the physical parameters, such as the electron density, dust particle density, dust particle radius, effective collision frequency, electron relaxation rate and external magnetic field intensity, and so on, can affect the propagation, absorption and reflection of terahertz waves in dusty plasma. These theoretical results may be useful for alleviating the "blackout" problem and improving electromagnetic waves communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we demonstrated the effective separation of charge carriers within the IGZO/IZO heterostructure by incorporating IZO. We have chosen IGZO for its high mobility and excellent on–off switching behavior in the front channel of our oxide–oxide heterostructure. Similarly, for an additional oxide layer, we have selected IZO due to its outstanding electrical properties. The optimized optoelectronic characteristics of the IGZO/IZO phototransistors were identified by adjusting the ratio of In:Zn in the IZO layer. As a result, the most remarkable traits were observed at the ratio of In:Zn = 8:2. Compared to the IGZO single-layer phototransistor, the IGZO/IZO(8:2) phototransistor showed improved photoresponse characteristics, with photosensitivity and photoresponsivity values of 1.00 × 107 and 89.1 AW−1, respectively, under visible light wavelength illumination. Moreover, the electrical characteristics of the IGZO/IZO(8:2) transistor, such as field effect mobility (μsat) and current on/off ratio (Ion/Ioff), were highly enhanced compared to the IGZO transistor. The μsat and Ion/Ioff were increased by about 2.1 times and 2.3 times, respectively, compared to the IGZO transistor. This work provides an approach for fabricating visible-light phototransistors with elevated optoelectronic properties and low power consumption based on an oxide–oxide heterostructure. The phototransistor with improved performance can be applied to applications such as color-selective visible-light image sensors and biometric sensors interacting with human–machine interfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective. Approximately 50% of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients who achieve complete recanalization after endovascular therapy (EVT) experience unfavorable outcomes that are potentially partially attributed to incomplete microvascular reperfusion, which can possibly be improved by antiplatelet treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of periprocedural tirofiban on AIS patients who achieved complete recanalization with EVT. Methods. Anterior circulation large-vessel occlusion stroke patients who achieved complete recanalization after EVT were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were dichotomized into tirofiban and nontirofiban groups and compared. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to balance baseline confounders. 3-month functional independence (modified Rankin scale: 0–2), any intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), symptomatic ICH (sICH), arterial reocclusion, in-hospital mortality, and 3-month mortality were evaluated. Results. This study included 303 patients with 118 and 185 in the nontirofiban and tirofiban groups, respectively. After PSM, 85 couples with balanced baseline characteristics were generated. 49 (57.6%) and 36 patients (42.4%) in the tirofiban and nontirofiban groups achieved functional independence at 3 months with a significant difference (risk ratio: 1.361, 95% confidence interval: 1.001–1.852, P = 0.046). However, there was no significant difference between the tirofiban and nontirofiban groups in terms of the other outcomes (all P > 0.05). Conclusions. In anterior circulation, large-vessel occlusion AIS patients who achieved complete recanalization with EVT, periprocedural tirofiban may improve the functional outcomes and does not appear to increase the rate of ICH and sICH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries promise great potential as high‐energy‐density energy storage devices. However, the parasitic reactions between lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) and Li metal anodes render limited cycling lifespan of Li–S batteries. Herein, an organic‐rich solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is constructed to inhibit the LiPS parasitic reactions and achieve long‐cycling Li–S batteries. Concretely, 1,3,5‐trioxane is introduced as a reactive co‐solvent that decomposes on Li anode surfaces and contributes organic components to the SEI. The as‐constructed organic‐rich SEI effectively inhibits the LiPS parasitic reactions and protects working Li metal anodes. Consequently, the cycling lifespan of Li–S coin cells with 50 µm Li anodes and 4.0 mg cm−2 sulfur cathodes is prolonged from 130 to 300 cycles by the organic‐rich SEI. Furthermore, the organic‐rich SEI enables a 3.0 Ah‐level Li–S pouch cell to achieve a high energy density of 400 Wh kg−1 and stable 26 cycles. This study affords an effective organic‐rich SEI to inhibit the LiPS parasitic reactions and inspires rational SEI design to achieve long‐cycling Li–S batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium manganese oxides are considered as promising cathodes for lithium‐ion batteries due to their low cost and available resources. Layered LiMnO2 with orthorhombic or monoclinic structure has attracted tremendous interest thanks to its ultrahigh theoretical capacity (285 mAh g−1) that almost doubles that of commercialized spinel LiMn2O4 (148 mAh g−1). However, LiMnO2 undergoes phase transition to spinel upon cycling cause by the Jahn‐Teller effect of the high‐spin Mn3+. In addition, soluble Mn2+ generates from the disproportionation of Mn3+ and oxygen release during electrochemical processes may cause poor cycle performance. To address the critical issues, tremendous efforts have been made. This paper provides a general review of layered LiMnO2 materials including their crystal structures, synthesis methods, structural/elemental modifications, and electrochemical performance. In brief, first the crystal structures of LiMnO2 and synthetic methods have been summarized. Subsequently, modification strategies for improving electrochemical performance are comprehensively reviewed, including element doping to suppress its phase transition, surface coating to resist manganese dissolution into the electrolyte and impede surface reactions, designing LiMnO2 composites to improve electronic conductivity and Li+ diffusion, and finding compatible electrolytes to enhance safety. At last, future efforts on the research frontier and practical application of LiMnO2 have been discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Panax ginseng Meyer and Inula japonica Thunb. are well established in traditional medicine and are known for their therapeutic properties in managing a range of ailments such as diabetes, asthma, and cancer. Although P. ginseng and I. japonica can alleviate pulmonary fibrosis (PF), the anti-fibrosis effect on PF by the combination of two herbal medicines remains unexplored. Therefore, this study explores this combined effect. In conditions that were not cytotoxic, MRC-5 cells underwent treatment using the formula combining P. ginseng and I. japonica (ISE081), followed by stimulation with transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, to explore the fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition (FMT). After harvesting the cells, mRNA levels and protein expressions associated with inflammation and FMT-related markers were determined to evaluate the antiinflammation activities and antifibrosis effect of ISE081. Additionally, the anti-migratory effects of ISE081 were validated through a wound-healing assay. ISE081 remarkably reduced the mRNA levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, α-smooth muscle actin (SMA), and TGF-β1 in MRC-5 cells and suppressed the α-SMA and fibronectin expressions, respectively. Furthermore, ISE081 inhibited Smad2/3 phosphorylation and wound migration of MRC-5 cells. Under the same conditions, comparing those of ISE081, P. ginseng did not affect the expression of α-SMA, fibronectin, and Smad2/3 phosphorylation, whereas I. japonica significantly inhibited them but with cytotoxicity. The results indicate that the synergistic application of P. ginseng and I. japonica enhances the anti-fibrotic properties in pulmonary fibroblasts and concurrently diminishes toxicity. Therefore, ISE081 has the potential as a prevention and treatment herbal medicine for PF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Endometrial carcinoma ranks as the second most widespread malignancy affecting the reproductive system in females. Effective prognostic biomarkers are required to further improve survival rates for patients. Single-minded homolog 2 (SIM2) is known to participate in neurogenesis as a transcription factor. However, the potential role of SIM2 in endometrial carcinoma remains elusive.Methods: Multiple public databases, including TIMER2.0, GEIPA2, UALCAN, LinkedOmics, BioGRID, DAVID and cBioPortal, were used to investigate SIM2 mRNA expression, SIM2-associated genes, PPI network, functional enrichment analysis, SIM2 gene alterations and methylation. The association between SIM2 expression and immune cell infiltrates was explored using GSVA. The effects of gene alterations and methylation on patient survival and CD8+T infiltration were examined using GSCA. Moreover, the prognostic potential of SIM2 was evaluated using COX regression, ROC curves and a nomogram model. Finally, the differential expression and function of SIM2 in UCEC were explored using qPCR, WB, CCK8 and Transwell assays.Results: Our findings revealed the heightened expression of SIM2 in endometrial carcinoma, and that its DNA methylation and CNV alterations were correlated with immune infiltration and patients' prognosis. Additionally, functional enrichment revealed the involvement of SIM2 in transcription regulation and signal transduction. Moreover, we performed cell-based experiments to corroborate the oncogenic function of SIM2 in facilitating cell proliferation, migration and invasion.Conclusion: Collectively, these results suggest that SIM2 holds promise as both a potential prognostic indicator and a viable treatment target for endometrial carcinoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Land surface temperature (LST) is a key variable within Earth's climate system and a necessary input parameter required by numerous land–atmosphere models. It can be directly retrieved from satellite thermal infrared (TIR) observations, which contain many invalid pixels mainly caused by cloud contamination. To investigate the spatial and temporal variations in LST in China, long-term, high-quality, and spatiotemporally continuous LST datasets (i.e., all-weather LST) are urgently needed. Fusing satellite TIR LST and reanalysis datasets is a viable route to obtain long time-series all-weather LSTs. Among satellite TIR LSTs, the MODIS LST is the most commonly used, and a few corresponding all-weather LST products have been reported recently. However, the publicly reported all-weather LSTs were not available during the temporal gaps of MODIS between 2000 and 2002. In this study, we generated a daily (four observations per day) 1 km all-weather LST dataset for China's landmass and surrounding areas, the Thermal and Reanalysis Integrating Moderate-resolution Spatial-seamless (TRIMS) LST, which begins on the first day of the new millennium (1 January 2000). We used the enhanced reanalysis and thermal infrared remote sensing merging (E-RTM) method to generate the TRIMS LST dataset with the temporal gaps being filled, which had not been achieved by the original RTM method. Specifically, we developed two novel approaches, i.e., the random-forest-based spatiotemporal merging (RFSTM) approach and the time-sequential LST-based reconstruction (TSETR) approach, respectively, to produce Terra/MODIS-based and Aqua/MODIS-based TRIMS LSTs during the temporal gaps. We also conducted a thorough evaluation of the TRIMS LST. A comparison with the Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) and ERA5-Land LST demonstrates that the TRIMS LST has similar spatial patterns but a higher image quality, more spatial details, and no evident spatial discontinuities. The results outside the temporal gap show consistent comparisons of the TRIMS LST with the MODIS LST and the Advanced Along-Track Scanning Radiometer (AATSR) LST, with a mean bias deviation (MBD) of 0.09/0.37 K and a standard deviation of bias (SD) of 1.45/1.55 K. Validation based on the in situ LST at 19 ground sites indicates that the TRIMS LST has a mean bias error (MBE) ranging from - 2.26 to 1.73 K and a root mean square error (RMSE) ranging from 0.80 to 3.68 K. There is no significant difference between the clear-sky and cloudy conditions. For the temporal gap, it is observed that RFSTM and TSETR perform similarly to the original RTM method. Additionally, the differences between Aqua and Terra remain stable throughout the temporal gap. The TRIMS LST has already been used by scientific communities in various applications such as soil moisture downscaling, evapotranspiration estimation, and urban heat island modeling. The TRIMS LST is freely and conveniently available at 10.11888/Meteoro.tpdc.271252 (Zhou et al., 2021). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With increasing complexity of soil contamination and more variety in remediation technologies, remediation alternatives must be assessed thoroughly and urgently. Life cycle assessment (LCA) can be used to analyze the environmental impact of a technical process and avoid the transfer of the environmental impact. LCA has been applied in soil remediation technology from a single method to a combination of multiple methods, focusing on a few environmental impacts to approximately 20 types of environmental impacts. The life-cycle stage contributions and environmental impact characteristics of LCA are also reviewed. The proposed optimization measures cover the life cycle stages, specific energies or substances, and technology process nodes. The LCA methodology framework of remediation technology must be established by including functional unit determination considering the remediation duration and environmental impact selection methods. Primary, secondary, and tertiary impacts should be considered to reflect technical efficiency, process optimization of technology, and land reuse after restoration. LCA application still needs to be improved in terms of technological processes to reveal the relationship between technical parameters and environmental impacts. This study provides an insightful overview of the methodological elements of LCA in soil remediation technology evaluation, such as the functional unit definition, the system boundary determination, and the selection of impact categories, which can support the revolution of LCA methods applied in soil remediation technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Phyllanthus emblica, which is a dual-use resource for medicine and food, is a dried and mature fruit of Phyllanthus emblica in Euphorbiaceae plant. It is rich in various compounds, including amino acids, flavonoids, terpenoids, volatile oils, etc. Phyllanthus emblica extract has various biological activities, including anti microbial infection, antioxidation, anti-tumor, lowering blood lipids and blood sugar, lowering blood pressure and tonifying. The commonly used extraction methods for different components include solvent method, ultrasonic assisted method, impregnation method, enzyme assisted method, subcritical water extraction method, microwave assisted method, reflux method, decompression method, etc. The article provides a summary of the various chemical components in Phyllanthus emblica, outlines the extraction methods for each component, discusses the optimal extraction conditions, and compares the advantages and disadvantages of different methods, summarizes the research of Phyllanthus emblica in animal husbandry, to provide reference for the application of Phyllanthus emblica extract in animal husbandry production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A recent publication in the journal Nature by Hu et al. explores the potential of activating the stimulators of interferon genes (STING) pathway to prevent dormant metastasis in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). The study reveals that the dynamic changes in STING activation during the transition of cancer cells from quiescent to reawakened states influence immune surveillance and can effectively prevent the progression of metastasis. The authors identify the STING pathway as a novel checkpoint that plays a pivotal role in modulating the interaction between metastatic tumor seeds and the immune system. This research provides a promising therapeutic avenue for preventing disease recurrence in LUAD patients. [Extracted from the article]

Reasonable construction of high activity and low cost non-noble metal oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalyst is of great importance for the wide application of zinc-air batteries (ZABs). Using bimetallic MOF as a precursor combined with electrospinning, high-temperature carbonization and electrodeposition, we successfully developed a porous carbon nanofiber (Co@Fe-CNFs-1000) with bimetallic active center as an efficient catalyst for ORR. The successful construction of this special core-shell structure directly explores the synergy between different active centers. The results showed that the synthesized Co@Fe-CNFs-1000 catalyst exhibited ORR performance comparable to that of Pt/C in 0.1 mol/L KOH electrolyte, high half-wave potential (E1/2=0.81 V) and limiting current density (JL=5.4 mA-cm−2). In addition, homemade liquid ZABs with Co@Fe-CNFs-1000 as the air cathode showed excellent power density (155.8 mW·cm−2), specific capacity (780.6 mAh·gZn−1) and long-term stability (over 100 h at 2 mA·cm−2), surpassing even Pt/C-based batteries. In addition, the flexible solid-state ZABs assembled based on Co@Fe-CNFs-1000 demonstrates excellent flexibility and durability. This work provides a new idea for constructing ORR catalysts with high activity centers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]