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In the paper, we study the non-Hermitian system under dissipation and give the effective 2 × 2 Hamiltonian in the k-space by reducing the N × N Hamiltonian in the real space for them. It is discovered that the energy band shows an imaginary line gap. To describe these phenomena, we propose the theory of “non-Hermitian tearing” , in which the tearability we define reveals a continuous phase transition at the exceptional point. The non-Hermitian tearing manifests in two forms — separation of bulk state and decoupling of boundary state. In addition, we also explore the one-dimensional Su–Schrieffer–Heeger model and the Qi–Wu–Zhang model under dissipation using the theory of non-Hermitian tearing. Our results provide a theoretical approach for exploring the controlling of non-Hermitian physics on topological quantum states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Culex tritaeniorhynchus Gile is a major vector of Japanese encephalitis in China. The population genetics study is crucial as it helps understanding the epidemiological aspects of mosquito-brone diseases and improving vector control measures. Here, the genetic population structure of C. tritaeniorhynchus in the mainland China were estimated using the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) DNA barcodes region. 485 individuals of C. tritaeniorhynchus were collected from 38 sampling sites in 21 geographic populations in the mainland China. In total, 485 sequences were used to explore the population structure and genetic diversity. The results showed that the populations of C. tritaeniorhynchus had high haplotype diversity (Hd = 0.98, with 303 haplotypes), low nucleotide diversity (p = 0.02245) and high gene flow (Nm = 47.11) with two maternal lineages and four groups. An AMOVA indicated that 98.8% of the total variation originated from variation within populations. In addition, the population genetic structure exhibited by C. tritaeniorhynchus filling the vacant of the genetic structure in the mainland China. Human activities may also assist mosquito movement and migration. Gene flow among the populations of C. tritaeniorhynchus can facilitate the spread of insecticide resistance genes over geographical areas, and it will be a challenging for controlling the populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simple and efficient visible‐light‐initiated cascade reaction of 2‐isothiocyanatonaphthalenes and amines with ambient dioxygen as the sole oxidant under additive‐, external photocatalyst‐free and ambient conditions was developed. 38 Examples of N‐substituted naphtho[2,1‐d]thiazol‐2‐amines were regioselectively constructed in good to excellent yields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to an extent and may have an adverse effect on health, leading to reduced life expectancy, impaired energy homeostasis and increased health problems. The p160 steroid receptor coactivator (SRC) gene family members have been suggested to be involved in energy homeostasis, but the impact of SRC-3 ablation on white and brown adipose tissue needs to be elucidated. In the current study, we collected in vivo data and carried out morphological studies on the effect of SRC-3 deficiency on white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT). Primary cells were cultured to investigate the differentiation ability of both adipocytes. Western blot was applied to detect the expression of master genes governing adipogenesis and thermogenesis. We observed that SRC-3−/− mice were lean, with reduced WAT and decreased serum leptin levels, mainly due to the smaller white adipocyte size caused by impaired adipogenesis, presented by decreased peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ) expression. In the BAT, the lipid droplets decreased significantly in SRC-3−/− mice as demonstrated by histological analysis and electron microscopic observation, which could be explained by enhanced thermogenesis. The expression of thermogenic marker gene PPARγ coactivator 1α and uncoupling protein-1 increased in BAT of SRC-3−/− mice, which proved our observations. Collectively, these results demonstrate that SRC-3 plays a key role in adipogenesis and energy expenditure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]