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In recent years, there has been increased attention on the importance of healthcare environmental cleaning, including the need to professionalize and support the workforce responsible for performing cleaning. Global agendas and strategies on infection prevention and control (IPC) and water, sanitation and hygiene highlight the need for improvements to this sector, particularly in resource-limited healthcare facilities in low- and middle-income countries. Correspondingly, several resources have been developed that aim to (1) improve professional training of cleaners and (2) improve implementation of best practices in resource-limited settings. This commentary seeks to provide insight into the barriers and facilitators to implementing these resources, drawing on the practical experience from two initiatives across four countries from 2018 through 2023. Several common barriers were identified across the diverse settings, including (1) low empowerment and status of the workforce, (2) low pay, inadequate staff time for the high workload needed to achieve best practices and high turnover of staff, and (3) a lack of connection and integration of environmental cleaning with IPC and patient safety efforts at the participating hospitals. Despite barriers, local teams identified effective mitigation measures. While considerable time and effort will be needed to truly overcome these barriers, there are opportunities to build upon attention and momentum on this topic and IPC initiatives in resource-limited settings in low- and middle-income countries. We propose several broader actions, all of which require local leadership and context-specific approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In many low-income countries, enhancing the health of school-aged children is often impeded by insufficient or limited knowledge regarding their health status. Further, hands-on health promotion interventions are nearly non-existent due to the lack of designated health workers. The disconnection between schools and primary care facilities further exacerbates this issue. To address these challenges, the World Health Organization has introduced the Health Promoting School (HPS) framework, a comprehensive model designed to integrate health into all aspects of school life and promote physical, mental, and social well-being. We sought to assess the perceived health status of school-aged children, identify associated factors, and explore the role of community health workers (CHWs) in public schools in rural Rwanda. Methods: We carried out a convergent mixed methods study among teachers and community members in rural areas of Musanze, Rwanda. Data collection instruments were adapted from the World Health Organization's HPS framework and the literature. We conducted six in-depth interviews and three focus group discussions. We performed a logistic regression analysis to examine the factors associated with perceived health. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the qualitative data. Results: A total of 479 individuals participated in this survey. Of these, 425 (89%) were community members, while 54 (11%) were employed as teachers at Nyabirehe or Rwinzovu public schools. Almost half of respondents 221 (46%) described the children's health as poor. Many factors were associated with perceived children's health, including having an established leadership team for school-based health promotion (OR = 1.97, 95%CI: 1.01,3,84), and being familiar with school-based health promotion (OR = 4.77, 95%CI: 2.27,10.0). Qualitative results described the CHW as a bridge between communities, schools, and primary healthcare centers. Conclusion: This study revealed that the health of schoolchildren needs particular attention. In resource-limited settings, HPS presents a promising opportunity to address the health and well-being of children at rural public schools. However, adapted policies, the establishment of health promotion teams, and hands-on orientation for teachers and community members are necessary to ensure an effective implementation of HPS. In Rwanda and other low-income countries where public schools lack nursing staff, CHWs could play a vital role in enhancing HPS and the linkage between schools and primary healthcare facilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Five species of the Phortica genus (Diptera: Drosophilidae) are known in Europe and the Middle East. Among these, Phortica variegata and Phortica okadai are better known for their role as vectors of the zoonotic eyeworm Thelazia callipaeda. Other species, such as Phortica semivirgo and Phortica oldenbergi, have been studied less. Given the paucity of data about these Phortica spp. vectors, we explored the population dynamics and ecology of Phortica spp. in an area highly endemic for T. callipeada (Manziana, Rome, Central Italy). Methods: Phortica spp. flies were collected over a 3-year period (2018–2020) during their active season (April–October) with a sweep net while hovering around fermenting fruits or a human operator acting as baits. Collected flies were morphologically identified and tested for a T. callipeada infection and for the presence of Wolbachia, by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Population dynamics of species collected was associated to environmental drivers through generalized additive models. Results: Of the 5564 flies collected, 90.8% were P. variegata, 9.1% were P. oldenbergi, 0.05% were P. semivirgo, and one specimen was P. okadai. Only P. variegata scored molecularly infected with T. callipeada throughout the 3-year sampling period (1.8%). Phortica oldenbergi, observed consistently during the entire sampling period, exhibited a marked preference for fruit traps, contrasting with the lachryphagous activity of P. variegata. Analysis of environmental drivers of P. oldenbergi and P. variegata population dynamics indicated temperature, wind speed, and pressure as significant factors. In addition, Wolbachia pipientis endosymbiont was detected in P. oldenbergi and P. okadai. Conclusions: For the first time, this study analysed several ecological aspects of Phortica species coexisting in a T. callipeada endemic area, highlighting different behaviors in the same environment and their vectorial role. Notably, this is also the first report of the presence of P. oldenbergi in Italy and P. okadai in Europe, underscoring the importance of extensive sampling for detecting potential vectors and alien species with direct implications for vector-borne disease epidemiology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effective communication between humans and machines requires artificial tools to adopt a human-like social perspective. The Theory of Mind (ToM) enables understanding and predicting mental states and behaviours, crucial for social interactions from childhood through adulthood. Artificial agents with ToM skills can better coordinate actions, such as in warehouses or healthcare. Incorporating ToM in AI systems can revolutionise our interactions with intelligent machines. This proposal emphasises the current focus on first-order ToM models in the literature and investigates the potential of creating a computational model for higher-order ToM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding near‐surface groundwater storage, flow patterns, surface and groundwater interactions in mining areas can assist in making mining more efficient and profitable. This is especially important in opencast mines affected by water inflows that may negatively affect production and increase mining costs. We map and characterize the near‐surface aquifer zones at the opencast site of Tharisa Minerals, located in the southwestern region of the Bushveld Complex (South Africa). The main goal is to infer pit water inflow at the mine site and determine how it may be better controlled. The Bushveld Complex hosts partially connected and unconfined alluvial, shallow‐weathered and crystalline bedrock aquifers, which are often connected by small‐scale permeable zones. Seismic refraction tomography, multichannel analysis of surface waves, electrical resistivity tomography and borehole data are used to map and understand the different aquifer zones in the vicinity of the mine, as well as infer their relation to water inflow in the mine pits. The geophysical surveys map the overburden, weathered bedrock aquifer zone, and the top of the crystalline aquifer rock zone reasonably well. They reveal extensive and deep weathering, and possible high hydraulic conductivity in the vicinity of the mine. The results provide a better understanding of the mine's near‐surface environment, which could be used to implement effective and targeted dewatering techniques, thus enabling better pit inflow water control to improve mine working conditions and production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive measures of quality are a research imperative, yet the development of software quality models is a wicked problem. Definitive solutions do not exist and quality is subjective at its most abstract. Definitional measures of quality are contingent on a domain, and even within a domain, the choice of representative characteristics to decompose quality is subjective. Thus, the operationalization of quality models brings even more challenges. A promising approach to quality modeling is the use of hierarchies to represent characteristics, where lower levels of the hierarchy represent concepts closer to real-world observations. Building upon prior hierarchical modeling approaches, we developed the Platform for Investigative software Quality Understanding and Evaluation (PIQUE). PIQUE surmounts several quality modeling challenges because it allows modelers to instantiate abstract hierarchical models in any domain by leveraging organizational tools tailored to their specific contexts. Here, we introduce PIQUE; exemplify its utility with two practical use cases; address challenges associated with parameterizing a PIQUE model; and describe algorithmic techniques that tackle normalization, aggregation, and interpolation of measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Candida albicans invasive candidiasis is considered a global health problem. In such cases, biofilm formation on implanted devices represents a therapeutic challenge and the presence of metabolically inactive persistent cells (PCs) in these communities increases their tolerance to fungicidal drugs. This study investigated the influence of amoxicillin, AMX; cefepime, CEF; gentamicin, GEN; amikacin, AMK; vancomycin, VAN; and ciprofloxacin, CIP; on the production of PCs in biofilms of C. albicans bloodstream isolates. 48 h-mature biofilms (n = 6) grown in RPMI-1640 supplemented with antibiotics were treated with 100 μg ml−1 amphotericin B and then evaluated for PCs. Biofilms grown in the presence of antibiotics produced more PCs, up to 10×, when exposed to AMX and CIP; 5 × to CEF; and 6 × to GEN and VAN. The results indicate that antibiotics can modulate PC production in C. albicans biofilms. This scenario may have clinical repercussions in immunocompromised patients under broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy. LAY SUMMARY: Biofilms are microbial communities tolerant to antifungals. Our research showed that antibiotics stimulate the formation of persistent cells within Candida albicans biofilms. These are dormant, metabolically silent cells that resist to therapy and can be related to metastatic and recalcitrant infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Beliefs about a social system help people understand and evaluate their environment and are related to their behavior within a society. When people believe that they live in a just social system and develop positive attitudes about the social and political environment, they experience greater satisfaction and well-being. This phenomenon is known as a palliative effect. Two theoretical approaches that explain support for social and political systems are the beliefs in a just world and system justification approaches. The objective of this review was to analyze the literature published between 2019 and 2023 that addressed the associations of beliefs in a just world and system justification with health-related well-being. The search yielded 2064 potentially eligible articles, 26 of which were ultimately selected. The results showed that beliefs in a just world are associated with a more positive perception of the world and better health outcomes. In addition, people with a greater propensity to justify the system experience higher levels of health-related well-being. This positive association is consistently observed across different social groups and contexts. These findings support the phenomenon of palliative effects attributable to beliefs in a just world and system justification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The acute hemodynamic response to isometric exercise in hypertensive patients' ischemic heart disease (IHD) has been poorly investigated. The aim of this study was to assess acute changes in left ventricular myocardial work (MW) during isometric bilateral knee extension in patients with IHD. Methods: Twenty stable hypertensive patients with IHD and ten healthy, age-matched controls (HC) were enrolled. All subjects performed an isometric knee extension exercise at 30% of their maximal voluntary contraction. The effort was maintained for three minutes or until exhaustion. At baseline, at peak exercise, and after 10 min of recovery, echocardiography evaluation was performed and blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were measured. Results: The exercise was well tolerated by all subjects. At peak exercise, systolic BP in the IHD was significantly higher than HC (37.6 ± 7.2 vs. 8.4 ± 2.3 mmHg; p 0.002). The HC group had a greater increase in HR than IHD (19.7 ± 6.2 vs. 8.4 ± 2.2 bpm; p 0.009). The E/E′ ratio increased in IHD and was unchanged in the control group. The global work index increased significantly in IHD compared to HC (+15% vs. +3%; p 0.026). Global constructive work increased significantly in IHD compared to HC (+29.8% vs. +7.4 respectively, p 0.031). Global wasted work increased by 92.3% in IHD and was unchanged in HC. The global work efficiency decreased in IHD (−18%), but was unchanged in HC (between-groups p 0.019). Stroke volume decreased in IHD and was unchanged in HC. Cardiac output was unchanged in IHD, while it increased in HC. Conclusion: In patients with hypertension and underlying IHD, an acute isometric load causes a great increase in systolic BP and LV filling pressure. It follows a mostly ineffective increase in MW that fails to maintain stroke volume. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms can pose risks to ecosystems and human health worldwide due to their capacity to produce natural toxins. The potential dangers associated with numerous metabolites produced by cyanobacteria remain unknown. Only select classes of cyanopeptides have been extensively studied with the aim of yielding substantial evidence regarding their toxicity, resulting in their inclusion in risk management and water quality regulations. Information about exposure concentrations, co‐occurrence, and toxic impacts of several cyanopeptides remains largely unexplored. We used liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS)‐based metabolomic methods associated with chemometric tools (NP Analyst and Data Fusion‐based Discovery), as well as an acute toxicity essay, in an innovative approach to evaluate the association of spectral signatures and biological activity from natural cyanobacterial biomass collected in a eutrophic reservoir in southeastern Brazil. Four classes of cyanopeptides were revealed through metabolomics: microcystins, microginins, aeruginosins, and cyanopeptolins. The bioinformatics tools showed high bioactivity correlation scores for compounds of the cyanopeptolin class (0.54), in addition to microcystins (0.54–0.58). These results emphasize the pressing need for a comprehensive evaluation of the (eco)toxicological risks associated with different cyanopeptides, considering their potential for exposure. Our study also demonstrated that the combined use of LC–MS/MS‐based metabolomics and chemometric techniques for ecotoxicological research can offer a time‐efficient strategy for mapping compounds with potential toxicological risk. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:2222–2231. © 2024 SETAC [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Current estimates of temperature effects on plants mostly rely on air temperature, although it can significantly deviate from leaf temperature (Tleaf). To address this, some studies have used canopy temperature (Tcan). However, Tcan fails to capture the fine‐scale variation in Tleaf among leaves and species in diverse canopies.We used infrared radiometers to study Tleaf and Tcan and how they deviate from air temperature (ΔTleaf and ΔTcan) in multispecies tropical tree plantations at three sites along an elevation and temperature gradient in Rwanda.Our results showed high Tleaf (up to c. 50°C) and ΔTleaf (on average 8–10°C and up to c. 20°C) of sun‐exposed leaves during 10:00 h–15:00 h, being close to or exceeding photosynthetic heat tolerance thresholds. These values greatly exceeded simultaneously measured values of Tcan and ΔTcan, respectively, leading to strongly overestimated leaf thermal safety margins if basing those on Tcan data. Stomatal conductance and leaf size affected Tleaf and Tcan in line with their expected influences on leaf energy balance.Our findings highlight the importance of leaf traits for leaf thermoregulation and show that monitoring Tcan is not enough to capture the peak temperatures and heat stress experienced by individual leaves of different species in tropical forest canopies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Gliflozins are recommended as first‐line treatment in patients with heart failure and/or cardiovascular comorbidities and are demonstrated to reduce atrial fibrillation (AF) occurrence. However, it is not well known which gliflozin yields the larger cardioprotection in terms of AF occurrence reduction. Hence, we aimed to compare data regarding AF recurrence associated with different gliflozins. Methods: An accurate search of online scientific libraries (from inception to June 1, 2023) was performed. Fifty‐nine studies were included in the meta‐analysis involving 108 026 patients, of whom 60 097 received gliflozins and 47 929 received placebo. Results: Gliflozins provided a statistically significant reduction of AF occurrence relative to standard of care therapy in the overall population (relative risks [RR]: 0.8880, 95% CI: [0.8059; 0.9784], p =.0164) and in patients with diabetes and cardiorenal diseases (RR: 0.8352, 95% CI: [0.7219; 0.9663], p =.0155). Dapagliflozin significantly decreased AF occurrence as compared to placebo (0.7259 [0.6337; 0.8316], p <.0001) in the overall population, in patients with diabetes (RR: 0.2482, 95% CI: [0.0682; 0.9033], p =.0345), with diabetes associated with cardiorenal diseases (RR: 0.7192, 95% CI: [0.5679; 0.9110], p =.0063) and in the subanalysis including studies with follow‐up ≥1 year (RR: 0.7792, 95% CI: [0.6508; 0.9330], p =.0066). No significant differences in terms of AF protection were found among different gliflozins. Conclusions: Dapagliflozin use was associated with significant reduction in AF risk as compared to placebo in overall population and patients with diabetes, whereas the use of other gliflozins did not significantly reduce AF occurrence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The present study aimed at investigating whether gay fathers' coherence of mind within the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) moderated the influence of parental disclosure on children's exploration of their surrogacy origins during middle childhood and early adolescence. Background: Once children of gay fathers are disclosed to about their surrogacy conception, they may start exploring the meanings and implications of their conception. Very little is known about the factors that may enhance such exploration in gay father families. Method: A home-visit study was conducted with 60 White, cisgender, gay fathers and their 30 children born through gestational surrogacy, all residing in Italy and with medium to high socioeconomic status. At time 1, when children were aged 6–12 years (M = 8.31, SD = 1.68), fathers were rated for AAI coherence of mind and interviewed about their disclosure of the surrogacy origins to their child. At time 2, approximately 18 months later (M = 9.87, SD = 1.69), children were interviewed about their exploration of their surrogacy origins. Results: In the context of more information disclosed about the child conception, only children whose fathers showed greater AAI coherence of mind explored their surrogacy origins in more depth. Conclusion: Gay fathers' ability to show an internally consistent, but not emotionally overwrought, state of mind regarding their own attachment experiences impacted the extent to which their children felt safe and legitimated in sharing their curiosity about their conception. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The 2021 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Guidelines recommend the use of four different classes of drugs for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF): beta blockers (BB), sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), angiotensin receptor/neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI), and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs). Moreover, the 2023 ESC updated Guidelines suggest an intensive strategy of initiation and rapid up-titration of evidence-based treatment before discharge, based on trials not using the four-pillars. We hypothesized that an early concomitantly administration and up-titration of four-pillars, compared with a conventional stepwise approach, may impact the vulnerable phase after hospitalization owing to HF. Methods: This prospective, single center, observational study included consecutive in-hospital patients with HFrEF. After performing propensity score matching, they were divided according to treatment strategy into group 1 (G1), with predischarge start of all four-pillars, with their up-titration within 1 month, and group 2 (G2) with the pre Guidelines update stepwise four-pillars introduction. HF hospitalization, cardiovascular (CV) death, and the composite of both were evaluated between the two groups at 6-month follow-up. Results: The study included a total of 278 patients who completed 6-month follow-up (139 for both groups). There were no differences in terms of baseline features between the two groups. At survival analysis, HF hospitalization risk was significantly lower in G1 compared with G2 (p < 0.001), while no significant differences were observed regarding CV death (p = 0.642) or the composite of CV death and HF hospitalization (p = 0.135). Conclusions: In our real-world population, patients with HF treated with a predischarge and simultaneous use of four-pillars showed a reduced risk of HF hospitalization during the vulnerable phase after discharge, compared with a conventional stepwise approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focusing on the late Miocene succession stratigraphic successions including the evaporite deposits from the Messinian salinity crisis (MSC) of the Adriatic foreland basin, a revision of available boreholes and seismic data allowed us to recognize the presence of reservoirs and seals systems that can be considered of potential interest for the storage of natural and synthetic gas. Potentially good reservoir sites can be found where porous rocks referable to siliciclastic turbiditites (Marnoso‐arenacea and Laga Fms) or shallow‐water carbonates (Bolognano Fm) preferentially involved in anticlinal structures and covered by thick MSC evaporites, which may represent effective reservoir seals. The integrated reconstruction of porous rocks distribution and facies, thickness, and lateral continuity of the overlying evaporites, allows the identification and zonation of geological settings in the Adriatic foredeep, backbulge and foreland with peculiar stratigraphy and deformations, only partially considered before, that may deserve consideration in the research of potential gas storage sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Individual maximum joint and segment angular velocities have shown positive associations with throwing arm kinetics and ball velocity in baseball pitchers. Purpose: To observe how cumulative maximum joint and segment angular velocities, irrespective of sequence, affect ball velocity and throwing arm kinetics in high school pitchers. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: High school (n = 55) pitchers threw 8 to 12 fastball pitches while being evaluated with 3-dimensional motion capture (480 Hz). Maximum joint and segment angular velocities (lead knee extension, pelvis rotation, trunk rotation, shoulder internal rotation, and forearm pronation) were calculated for each pitcher. Pitchers were classified as overall fast, overall slow, or high velocity for each joint or segment velocity subcategory, or as population, with any pitcher eligible to be included in multiple subcategories. Kinematic and kinetic parameters were compared among the various subgroups using t tests with post hoc regressions and multivariable regression models created to predict throwing arm kinetics and ball velocity, respectively. Results: The lead knee extension and pelvis rotation velocity subgroups achieved significantly higher normalized elbow varus torque (P =.016) and elbow flexion torque (P =.018) compared with population, with equivalent ball velocity (P =.118). For every 1-SD increase in maximum pelvis rotation velocity (87 deg/s), the normalized elbow distractive force increased by 4.7% body weight (BW) (B = 0.054; β = 0.290; P =.013). The overall fast group was older (mean ± standard deviation, 16.9 ± 1.4 vs 15.4 ± 0.9 years; P =.007), had 8.9-mph faster ball velocity (32.7 ± 3.1 vs 28.7 ± 2.3 m/s; P =.002), and had significantly higher shoulder internal rotation torque (63.1 ± 17.4 vs 43.6 ± 12.0 Nm; P =.005), elbow varus torque (61.8 ± 16.4 vs 41.6 ± 11.4 Nm; P =.002), and elbow flexion torque (46.4 ± 12.0 vs 29.5 ± 6.8 Nm; P <.001) compared with the overall slow group. A multiregression model for ball velocity based on maximum joint and segment angular velocities and anthropometrics predicted 53.0% of variance. Conclusion: High school pitchers with higher maximum joint and segment velocities, irrespective of sequence, demonstrated older age and faster ball velocity at the cost of increased throwing shoulder and elbow kinetics. Clinical Relevance: Pitchers and coaching staff should consider this trade-off between faster ball velocity and increasing throwing arm kinetics, an established risk factor for elbow injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Complications are a practical consideration for elective magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies performed under general anaesthesia but relatively little is known about their distribution and risk factors. Objectives: To describe the incidence of complications associated with MRI performed under general anaesthesia at a large referral facility and evaluate potential risk factors for these complications. Study design: Retrospective case–control study. Methods: Patient information and details of the MRI procedure were collected retrospectively from medical records of all horses that had undergone an MRI under general anaesthesia at the University of Pennsylvania, New Bolton Center, between September 2005 and April 2012. Complications and categorical variables were examined by chi‐squared or Fisher's exact tests as appropriate. A mixed‐effects logistic regression approach was used to evaluate associations between explanatory variables and the outcome variable (complications or pyrexia). A univariable screen was used to select variables (likelihood ratio test p < 0.2) for inclusion in the multivariable analysis. Statistical significance was inferred when p ≤ 0.05. Results: Complications were noted after MRI in 51 (17.4%) of 293 events eligible for inclusion. Complications included pyrexia (n = 35), pneumonia (n = 14), colic (n = 10), facial/nerve paralysis (n = 6), diarrhoea (n = 4), and other (n = 3). The odds of developing a post‐anaesthetic complication were significantly decreased in horses that received peri‐anaesthetic antimicrobials (OR 0.29, 95% CI 0.14–0.63, p = 0.002). Increased age (OR 0.87, 95% CI, 0.76–0.99, p = 0.03) and peri‐anaesthetic antimicrobial administration (OR 0.23, 95% CI 0.08–0.65, p = 0.005) were associated with a decreased odds of developing pyrexia. Main limitations: Single centre retrospective design. Conclusions: Potential complications including pyrexia, pneumonia and colic should be recognised when pursuing MRI under general anaesthesia. The administration of peri‐anaesthetic antimicrobials decreased the odds of a complication and warrants consideration, particularly in horses that might be classified as high risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We reprocessed a 50‐km long legacy 2D reflection seismic profile acquired in 1986, under a project funded by the National Geophysics Program to improve the delineation of complex geological structures that host the platinum‐bearing horizons (known as the UG2 reef; a chromitite horizon) on the south‐eastern edge of the Western limb of the Bushveld Complex and to investigate the continuity of the reef below the thick cover. The pre‐stack seismic data quality was improved through conventional processing steps. We applied standard Kirchhoff pre‐stack depth migration as well as advanced coherency migration techniques. Both imaging techniques yielded good structural images of the platinum deposits, their hanging wall and footwall rocks. In particular, the coherency migration technique has provided significantly better images in complex faulted regions, yielding a better understanding of the interrelationship between fault activity and platinum deposit distribution, and the relative chronology of tectonic events. Moreover, the regional geological structures (Crocodile River fault and Chaneng structure) that crosscut the profile are clearly defined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studying the evolution of seed morphology and, in turn, the evolution of cultivars across time and space is of fundamental importance to agriculture and archaeology. The identification of ancient and modern grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivars is essential for understanding the historical evolution of grape cultivation. Grape seed morphology provides valuable information to explore the evolution of grape cultivars over time and space. The main aim of our study was to build a comprehensive regional database of grape seed morphological traits from modern and archaeological wine cultivars and wild grape species. We aimed to identify which seeds of modern grape cultivars exhibited morphological similarities to archaeological cultivars. This study focused on fifteen distinct modern types of seeds and two archaeological samples from the Byzantine-to-Early Medieval period. We acquired digital images of seeds using a flatbed scanner. For each sample, 100 seeds were randomly selected, and morphometric data on each seed were gathered using ImageJ. Differences among the seed cultivars were investigated using linear discriminant analysis. Archaeological seeds were found to be more similar to cultivated V. vinifera cultivars rather than V. sylvestris populations. Among the cultivated cultivars, Sangiovese and Tosta antica resulted to be cultivars most similar cultivars to the archaeological ones. The morphometric analysis of grape seeds proved to be a valuable resource for investigating the evolution of vine cultivars throughout history. Combining image analysis techniques with genetic data will open new perspectives for studying the origins of and variations in grape cultivars, contributing to the conservation and enhancement of viticultural heritage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maseve Mine is located in the western limb of the Bushveld Complex, recognized as the largest layered igneous intrusion in the world. The study shows results from surface (SP1, SP2, and SP3) and tunnel (T3a, T3b, and TP4b) reflection seismic profiles, totaling 4150 m. Tunnel seismic data were acquired using a seismic landstreamer and spiked geophones with 5 m receiver and shot spacing, as well as a sledgehammer for shots due to space constraints and safety. The profiles, 10–50 m above mineral deposits, crossed major geological structures. Surface seismic profiles used cabled systems and wireless sensors with 5 m and 10 m receiver spacing, respectively, and a 500 kg drop hammer as a source with 10 m shot spacing. Despite high noise levels from mine infrastructure and power cables, a careful processing workflow enhanced target reflections. Interpretation was constrained using borehole data, geological models, and 2D/3D seismic modeling. The processed data exhibit gently dipping reflections associated with faults and dykes, imaging the target mineralization (Merensky Reef and Upper Group 2) and a possible extension. Tunnel seismic experiments demonstrated the application of seismic methods using in-mine infrastructure, while surface experiments proved efficient, illustrating small-scale seismic surveys' capability to image the subsurface, adding value in active mining environments for exploration with cost-effective seismic equipment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Status dystonicus is the most severe form of dystonia with life‐threatening complications if not treated promptly. We present consensus recommendations for the initial management of acutely worsening dystonia (including pre–status dystonicus and status dystonicus), as well as refractory status dystonicus in children. This guideline provides a stepwise approach to assessment, triage, interdisciplinary treatment, and monitoring of status dystonicus. The clinical pathways aim to: (1) facilitate timely recognition/triage of worsening dystonia, (2) standardize supportive and dystonia‐directed therapies, (3) provide structure for interdisciplinary cooperation, (4) integrate advances in genomics and neuromodulation, (5) enable multicenter quality improvement and research, and (6) improve outcomes. © 2024 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simulating the light transport of volumetric effects poses significant challenges and costs, especially in the presence of heterogeneous volumes. Generating stochastic paths for volume rendering involves multiple decisions, and previous works mainly focused on directional and distance sampling, where the volume scattering probability (VSP), i.e., the probability of scattering inside a volume, is indirectly determined as a byproduct of distance sampling. We demonstrate that direct control over the VSP can significantly improve efficiency and present an unbiased volume rendering algorithm based on an existing resampling framework for precise control over the VSP. Compared to previous state-of-the-art, which can only increase the VSP without guaranteeing to reach the desired value, our method also supports decreasing the VSP. We further present a data-driven guiding framework to efficiently learn and query an approximation of the optimal VSP everywhere in the scene without the need for user control. Our approach can easily be combined with existing path-guiding methods for directional sampling at minimal overhead and shows significant improvements over the state-of-the-art in various complex volumetric lighting scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phosphorus is an essential element influencing both food security via plant fertilization, and water pollution through excessive phosphorus use, yet the phosphorus cycle in ecosystems is poorly known. In particular, beyond adsorption, the role of iron and manganese oxides in catalyzing the abiotic dephosphorylation of biomolecules is debated. Here, we studied the reactions of ribonucleotides, containing different phosphate bonding, with goethite, hematite, and birnessite. We employed both high-resolution mass spectrometry of solution species and molecular modeling simulations of ribonucleotide-mineral complexes. Results disclose an up to fivefold preferential hydrolytic cleavage of a phosphoanhydride bond over a phosphoester bond, indicating that mineral-catalyzed reactions reflect the hierarchy reported for the activity of phosphatase enzymes. The fourfold higher catalytic reactivity of goethite and birnessite versus hematite is explained by mineral-specific binding rather than surface area differences. Corresponding simulated adsorbate conformations at the water–mineral interfaces are proposed. Overall, our findings provide new insights on the catalytic recycling of organic phosphorus species by mineral oxides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present here the first experimental science (consensus)-based mineral prospectivity mapping (MPM) method and its validation results in the form of national prospectivity maps and datasets for PGE–Ni–Cu–Cr and Witwatersrand-type Au deposits in South Africa. The research objectives were: (1) to develop the method toward applicative uses; (2) to the extent possible, validate the effectiveness of the method; and (3) to provide national MPM products. The MPM method was validated by targeting mega-deposits within the world's largest and best exploited geological systems and mining districts—the Bushveld Complex and the Witwatersrand Basin. Their incomparable knowledge and mega-deposit status make them the most useful for validating MPM methods, serving as "certified reference targets". Our MPM method is built using scientific consensus via deep ensemble construction, using workflow experimentation that propagates uncertainty of subjective workflow choices by mimicking the outcome of an ensemble of data scientists. The consensus models are a data-driven equivalent to expert aggregation, increasing confidence in our MPM products. By capturing workflow-induced uncertainty, the study produced MPM products that not only highlight potential exploration targets but also offer a spatial consensus level for each, de-risking downstream exploration. Our MPM results agree qualitatively with exploration and geological knowledge. In particular, our method identified areas of high prospectivity in known exploration regions and geologically and geospatially corresponding to the known extents of both mineral systems. The convergence rate of the ensemble demonstrated a high level of statistical durability of our MPM products, suggesting that they can guide exploration at a national scale until significant new data emerge. Potential new exploration targets for PGE–Ni–Cu–Cr are located northwest of the Bushveld Complex; for Au, promising areas are west of the Witwatersrand Basin. The broader implications of this work for the mineral industry are profound. As exploration becomes more data-driven, the question of trust in MPM products must be addressed; it can be done using the proposed scientific method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Ball velocity for baseball pitchers is influenced by a multitude of factors along the kinetic chain. While a vast amount of data currently exist exploring lower-extremity kinematic and strength factors in baseball pitchers, no previous study has systematically reviewed the available literature. Objective: The aim of this systematic review was to perform a comprehensive assessment of the available literature investigating the association between lower-extremity kinematic and strength parameters and pitch velocity in adult pitchers. Evidence acquisition: Cross-sectional studies that investigated the association between lower-body kinematic and strength factors and ball velocity in adult pitchers were selected. A methodological index for nonrandomized studies checklist was used to evaluate the quality of all included studies. Evidence synthesis: Seventeen studies met the inclusion criteria comprising a total of 909 pitchers (65%, professional, 33% college, and 3% recreational). The most studied elements were hip strength and stride length. The mean methodological index for nonrandomized studies score was 11.75 of 16 (range = 10-14). Pitch velocity was found to be influenced by several lower-body kinematic and strength factors including the following: (1) hip range of motion and strength of muscles around the hip and pelvis, (2) alterations in stride length, (3) alterations in lead knee flexion/extension, and (4) several pelvic and trunk spatial relationships throughout the throwing phase. Conclusions: Based on this review, we conclude that hip strength is a well-established predictor of increased pitch velocity in adult pitchers. Further studies in adult pitchers are needed to elucidate the effect of stride length on pitch velocity given mixed results across multiple studies. This study can provide a basis for trainers and coaches to consider the importance of lower-extremity muscle strengthening as a means by which adult pitchers can improve pitching performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Knee instability in midflexion may contribute to patient dissatisfaction following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Midflexion instability involves abnormal motions and tissue loading in multiple planes. Therefore, we quantified and compared the tensions carried by the medial and lateral collateral ligaments (MCL and LCL) following posterior-stabilized (PS) TKA through knee flexion, and then compared these tensions with those carried by the native knee. Finally, we examined the relationships between collateral ligament tensions and anterior tibial translation (ATT). Methods: Eight cadaveric knees (from 5 male and 3 female donors with a mean age of 62.6 years and standard deviation of 10.9 years) underwent PS TKA. Each specimen was mounted to a robotic manipulator and flexed to 90°. ATT was quantified by applying 30 N of anterior force to the tibia. Tensions carried by the collateral ligaments were determined via serial sectioning. Robotic testing was also conducted on a cohort of 15 healthy native cadaveric knees (from 9 male and 6 female donors with a mean age of 36 years and standard deviation of 11 years). Relationships between collateral ligament tensions during passive flexion and ATT were assessed via linear and nonlinear regressions. Results: MCL tensions were greater following PS TKA than in the native knee at 15° and 30° of passive flexion, by a median of ≥27 N (p = 0.002), while the LCL tensions did not differ. Median tensions following PS TKA were greater in the MCL than in the LCL at 15°, 30°, and 90° of flexion, by ≥4 N (p ≤ 0.02). Median tensions in the MCL of the native knee were small (≤11 N) and did not exceed those in the LCL (p ≥ 0.25). A logarithmic relationship was identified between MCL tension and ATT following TKA. Conclusions: MCL tensions were greater following PS TKA with this typical nonconforming PS implant than in the native knee. Anterior laxity at 30° of flexion was highly sensitive to MCL tension during passive flexion following PS TKA but not in the native knee. Clinical Relevance: Surgeons face competing objectives when performing PS TKA: they can either impart supraphysiological MCL tension to reduce anterior-posterior laxity or maintain native MCL tensions that lead to heightened anteriorposterior laxity, as shown in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pyrethroid resistance is one of the major threats for effectiveness of insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs) in malaria vector control. Genotyping of mutations in the voltage gated sodium channel (VGSC) gene is widely used to easily assess the evolution and spread of pyrethroid target-site resistance among malaria vectors. L1014F and L1014S substitutions are the most common and best characterized VGSC mutations in major African malaria vector species of the Anopheles gambiae complex. Recently, an additional substitution involved in pyrethroid resistance, i.e. V402L, has been detected in Anopheles coluzzii from West Africa lacking any other resistance alleles at locus 1014. The evolution of target-site resistance mutations L1014F/S and V402L was monitored in An. coluzzii and Anopheles arabiensis specimens from a Burkina Faso village over a 10-year range after the massive ITN scale-up started in 2010. Methods: Anopheles coluzzii (N = 300) and An. arabiensis (N = 362) specimens collected both indoors and outdoors by different methods (pyrethrum spray catch, sticky resting box and human landing collections) in 2011, 2015 and 2020 at Goden village were genotyped by TaqMan assays and sequencing for the three target site resistance mutations; allele frequencies were statistically investigated over the years. Results: A divergent trend in resistant allele frequencies was observed in the two species: 1014F decreased in An. coluzzii (from 0.76 to 0.52) but increased in An. arabiensis (from 0.18 to 0.70); 1014S occurred only in An. arabiensis and slightly decreased over time (from 0.33 to 0.23); 402L increased in An. coluzzii (from 0.15 to 0.48) and was found for the first time in one An. arabiensis specimen. In 2020 the co-occurrence of different resistance alleles reached 43% in An. coluzzii (alleles 410L and 1014F) and 32% in An. arabiensis (alleles 1014F and 1014S). Conclusions: Overall, an increasing level of target-site resistance was observed among the populations with only 1% of the two malaria vector species being wild type at both loci, 1014 and 402, in 2020. This, together with the co-occurrence of different mutations in the same specimens, calls for future investigations on the possible synergism between resistance alleles and their phenotype to implement local tailored intervention strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, there has been an increased focus on enhancing the accuracy of machine learning techniques. However, there is the possibility to improve it by selecting the optimal tuning parameters, especially when data heterogeneity and multicollinearity exist. Therefore, this study proposed a statistical model to study the importance of changing the crude oil prices in the European Union, in which it should meet state-of-the-art developments on economic, political, environmental, and social challenges. The proposed model is Elastic-net quantile regression, which provides more accurate estimations to tackle multicollinearity, heavy-tailed distributions, heterogeneity, and selecting the most significant variables. The performance has been verified by several statistical criteria. The main findings of numerical simulation and real data application confirm the superiority of the proposed Elastic-net quantile regression at the optimal tuning parameters, as it provided significant information in detecting changes in oil prices. Accordingly, based on the significant selected variables; the exchange rate has the highest influence on oil price changes at high frequencies, followed by retail trade, interest rates, and the consumer price index. The importance of this research is that policymakers take advantage of the vital importance of developing energy policies and decisions in their planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Kinematic parameters predictive of pitch velocity have been evaluated in adolescent and collegiate baseball pitchers; however, they have not been established for high school or professional pitchers. Purpose: To create multiregression models using anthropometric and kinematics features most predictive for pitch velocity in high school and professional pitchers and compare them with prior multiregression models evaluating other playing levels. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: High school (n = 59) and professional (n = 337) baseball pitchers threw 8 to 12 fastballs while being evaluated with 3-dimensional motion capture (480 Hz). Using anthropometric and kinematic variables, multiregression models for pitch velocity were created for each group. A systematic review was conducted to determine previous studies that established kinematic models for ball velocity in youth, high school, and collegiate pitchers. Results: Leg length was predictive of pitch velocity for high school and professional pitchers (P <.001 for both). When compared with previously established models for pitch velocity, almost all groups were distinct from one another when assessing age (P maximum <.001), weight (P max =.0095), and pitch velocity (P max <.001). Stride length was a significant predictor for the youth/high school pitchers, as well as the current study's high school and professional pitchers (P <.001 for all). Maximal shoulder external rotation (collegiate: P =.001; professional: P <.001) and maximal elbow extension velocity (high school/collegiate: P =.024; collegiate: P <.001; professional: P =.006) were shared predictors for the collegiate and current study's professional group multiregression models. Trunk flexion at ball release was a commonly shared predictor in the youth/high school (P =.04), high school/collegiate (P =.003), collegiate (P <.001), and the current study's professional group (P <.001). Conclusion: Youth, high school, collegiate, and professional pitchers had unique, predictive kinematic and anthropometric features predictive of pitch velocity. Leg length, stride length, trunk flexion at ball release, and maximal shoulder external rotation were predictive features that were shared between playing levels. Clinical Relevance: Coaches, clinicians, scouts, and pitchers can consider both the unique and the shared predictive features at each playing level when attempting to maximize pitch velocity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We evaluated the main environmental factors (abiotic and biotic) driving the phytoplankton community in a shallow tropical reservoir located in an environmentally protected area. Phytoplankton samples were collected from the surface and bottom of the reservoir. The phytoplankton samples were later identified at the species level, and the species were further assigned to morphology-based functional groups (MBFGs). Zooplankton were sampled through vertical haul, communities were identified to species level, and functional diversity was estimated based on community-weighted means (CWM). Phytoplankton MBFGs IV, V, and VI contributed the most to the biomass under high light availability coupled with low nutrient availability. Potentially toxic cyanobacteria from MBFG III were observed during thermal stratification. Hydraulic mixing plays a crucial role in reducing the phytoplankton biomass during the warmer/rainy season. Cyclopoid copepods accounted for more than 83% of the zooplankton biomass. There was a weak but significant effect of zooplankton functional diversity on phytoplankton functional diversity, mainly because of the dominance of small zooplankton. Altogether, our findings suggest that environmental filtering plays a greater role than zooplankton grazing in phytoplankton community structure in this shallow tropical reservoir. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Indications for reverse total shoulder arthroplasty(rTSA) continue to expand making it challenging to predict whether patients will benefit more from anatomic TSA(aTSA) or rTSA. The purpose of this study was to determine which factors differ between aTSA and rTSA patients that achieve meaningful outcomes and may influence surgical indication. Methods: Random Forest dimensionality reduction was applied to reduce 23 features into a model optimizing substantial clinical benefit (SCB) prediction of the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeon score using 1117 consecutive patients with 2-year follow up. Features were compared between aTSA patients stratified by SCB achievement and subsequently with rTSA SCB achievers. Results: Eight combined features optimized prediction (accuracy = 87.1%, kappa = 0.73): (1) age, (2) body mass index (BMI), (3) sex, (4) history of rheumatic disease, (5) humeral head subluxation (HH) on computed tomography (CT), (6) HH–acromion distance on X-ray, (7) glenoid retroversion on CT, and (8) Walch classification on CT. A higher proportion of males (65.6% vs. 54.9%, p = 0.022), Walch B-C glenoid morphologies (49.5% vs. 37.9%, p < 0.001), and greater BMI (30.1 vs. 26.5 kg/m2, p = 0.038) were observed in aTSA nonachievers compared with aTSA achievers, while aTSA nonachievers were statistically similar to rTSA achievers. Discussion: Patients with glenohumeral osteoarthritis and intact rotator cuffs that have a BMI > 30 kg/m2 and exhibit Walch B-C glenoids may be less likely to achieve the SCB following aTSA and should be considered for rTSA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inorganic–inorganic self‐organized composite architectures resulting from the chemical coupling of alkaline‐earth carbonate and polymeric silica are a promising alternative to organic‐based hybrid bio‐mimetic systems for developing innovative multi‐functional materials. Although the importance of pH in the generation of these structures reminiscent of primitive living organisms (and for this called biomorphs) is widely acknowledged, the effect of pH is generally investigated on the basis of starting pH value. This approach inadvertently neglects the important spatial and temporal pH gradients associated with biomorph nucleation and growth. A deep understanding of the role of pH on morphogenesis requires the ability to detect locally the pH in real‐time with a non‐invasive technique and correlate pH to the different stages of biomorphic growth. This aim is achieved by combining optical and fluorescence imaging. An accurately selected pH probe suitable for ratiometric pH measurement in the silica gel is exploited during a typical counter‐diffusion experiment. The results are compared with computer simulation of the synthesis of biomorphs by counter‐diffusion experiments. The results demonstrate the existence of two main morphogenetic regimes. Interestingly, the morphogenetic process controlling the complex shaping of biomorphs results to be independent of the silica speciation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bromelain is a mixture of proteolytic enzymes primarily extracted from the fruit and stem of the pineapple plant (Ananas comosus). It has a long history of traditional medicinal use in various cultures, particularly in Central and South America, where pineapple is native. This systematic review will delve into the history, structure, chemical properties, and medical indications of bromelain. Bromelain was first isolated and described in the late 19th century by researchers in Europe, who identified its proteolytic properties. Since then, bromelain has gained recognition in both traditional and modern medicine for its potential therapeutic effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Telemedicine has increasingly widespread to improve the monitoring of patients with chronic diseases. Secondary prevention of fragility fractures is an urgent matter to be addressed by means of available technology, although supported by little evidence so far. We investigated the feasibility, efficacy, and satisfaction of managing older adults at high risk of fragility fractures during the COVID-19 lockdown. Methods: During the period January to July 2021, a prospective observational study for safety and adherence purposes was conducted among older adults (n = 407) with ongoing treatments for secondary prevention of fragility fractures. The study procedures comply with national and regional resolutions related to telemedicine service (TS), including equipment, staff behaviors, and patient reports. Results: A majority (86.48% [n = 352]) of the eligible patients joined the remote visits, mainly women (88.2%), 81.4 ± 8.8 years of age, 49.6% independent in 5 out of 6 BADL, despite high comorbidity (4.9 ± 1.5), and polypharmacy (4.9 ± 3.1). Almost all were on second-line antifracture treatments (95.58%) due to previous major (84.03%) and minor (42.5%) fragility fractures. About 58% reported good and very good reliability of the internet network, allowing easy access to the TS platform, and 54% declared the degree of satisfaction with TS as good and very good. About 75% of clinicians acknowledged the efficacy of TS and expressed willingness to recommend the use of TS to colleagues. Ultimately, 68% of specialists defined the time allocated for patients' remote visits as acceptable. Conclusion: TS may be an opportunity to improve the availability of appropriate health care services to satisfy patients' needs and optimize health care resource allocation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Co-composting efficiently reclaims dredged sediments (S) and green waste (GW), creating stable products for agricultural applications. However, the use of S-GW co-composts can be limited by legislative thresholds, especially for co-composts with a high S percentage. The evaluation of S-GW co-compost stability by biological assessment can allow for a better understanding of S and GW recycling, as well as the S-GW co-compost application. For this purpose, the microbial biomass, composition, respiration, and eco-enzyme stoichiometry (EST) were assessed, coupled with chemical analysis, in the co-composting of S and GW in different ratios. The Photinia x fraseri and Viburnum tinus L. growth was monitored in a plant trial, comparing the studied co-composts with a control substrate. The EST approach was applied as an indicator of the co-composting stability during the process and after the plant cultivation. The chemical and biological parameters confirmed the suitability of co-composting in the GW and S recovery and the EST approach highlighted a better stability for the 3S:1GW co-compost at the end of the process and after plant cultivation. Viburnum tinus showed a similar growth to the control, while Photinia x fraseri resulted in being more sensitive to the co-compost. The biological assessments were good indicators of the S-GW compost stability for their application in crop cultivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates the attribution of mental state (AMS) to an anthropomorphic robot by humans in a strategic interaction. We conducted an experiment in which human subjects are paired with either a human or an anthropomorphic robot to play an iterated Prisoner's Dilemma game, and we tested whether AMS is dependent on the robot "consistency," that is, the correspondence between the robot's verbal reaction and its behavior after a nonoptimal social outcome of the game is obtained. We find that human partners are attributed a higher mental state level than robotic partners, regardless of the partner's consistency between words and actions. Conversely, the level of AMS assigned to the robot is significantly higher when the robot is consistent in its words and actions. This finding is robust to the inclusion of psychological factors such as risk attitude and trust, and it holds regardless of subjects' initial beliefs about the adaptability of the robot. Finally, we find that when the robot apologizes for its behavior and defects in the following stage, the epistemic component of the AMS significantly increases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diprosopus is a congenital anomaly in which partial or complete duplication of craniofacial structures occurs. Because it is rare, the mortality rate is high, and information concerning this anomaly is scarce. This study describes a case of human diprosopus in a 9‐year‐old male individual, who has severe complications associated with the central nervous, cardiovascular, respiratory, and digestive systems. Since birth, he has been monitored in a specialized hospital environment, where he has undergone several surgeries and multidisciplinary treatments. Regarding the craniofacial aspects, he had agenesis of the corpus callosum, floor of the nasal cavity, and floor of the anterior cranial fossa, in addition to the presence of bone dysplasia, ocular hypertelorism and cleft palate with nasal and oral teratoma. Regarding dental characteristics, the patient has duplication of the maxilla, mandible, tongue, and some teeth. After complementary imaging exams, several supernumerary teeth were found, with some being impacted and in complex regions, with an indication for extraction due to the risks of impaction, irruptive deviation, root resorption, and associated cystic or tumoral lesions. Because of the numerous complications, knowledge, and preparation of the entire team is necessary for the correct management of the case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Introduction: No data are available on the diagnostic algorithms recommended by guidelines for the assessment of diastolic dysfunction (DD) in patients with arterial hypertension. Aim: To fill this gap, we evaluated diastolic function in hypertensive patients with and without LVH matched with healthy subjects by applying 2016 American Society of Echocardiography-European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging Guidelines for the evaluation of LV diastolic function. Methods: 717 healthy and hypertensives with normal LV ejection fraction and with and without LV hypertrophy (LVH), matched 1:1:1 from two prospective registries, represented the study population. Results: By applying algorithm A, indeterminate pattern was found in 0.4% of healthy, in 6.3% of hypertensives without LVH, and in 21% with LVH (overall p < 0.05 vs. healthy). DD was absent in healthy, however present in 2 and 8% of hypertensives without and with LVH (p = 0.06 and p = 0.001 vs. healthy, respectively). By applying algorithm B, no cases of indeterminate pattern were found. DD was observed in 2.9% of healthy, 7 and 10.5% of hypertensives without and with LVH (p < 0.05 vs. healthy). Conclusions: The use of algorithm A should be limited only to truly normal subjects, whereas algorithm B should be applied to all patients with hypertension, even without comorbidities and irrespective of LVH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Improper sequencing order of maximal joint and segment velocities has been identified as an important predictor for both throwing arm kinetics and ball velocity. Purpose: To investigate the intrapitcher variation of maximal segment velocities and the relationship to throwing arm kinetics and ball velocity in high school (HS) and professional (PRO) pitchers. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: HS (n = 59) and PRO (n = 338) pitchers, instructed to throw 8 to 12 fastball pitches, were evaluated with 3-dimensional motion capture (480 Hz). Maximal joint and segment velocities were calculated for each pitch, and the standard deviation of the maxima was calculated per pitcher. These standard deviations were used to classify pitchers as "low variance" or "high variance" for each segmental velocity subgroup, "overall low variance" or "overall high variance" based on cumulative segment velocity variation, or "population," with any pitcher eligible to be included in multiple subcategories. Maximal velocities and throwing arm kinetics were compared among the various subgroups. Results: The HS low-variance shoulder internal rotation velocity subgroup (4949 ± 642 deg/s) had significantly lower maximal shoulder internal rotation velocity compared with HS population (5774 ± 1057 deg/s) (P <.001); similar findings were observed for PROs (5269 ± 835 vs 5824 ± 1076 deg/s; P <.001), as well as lower shoulder superior force compared with the PRO population (14.8% ± 8.8% vs 17.8% ± 8.8% body weight; P =.001). The PRO low-variance lead knee extension velocity subgroup had significantly lower maximal lead knee extension velocity (216 ± 135 vs 258 ± 125 deg/s; P =.001) and shoulder distractive force (111.5% ± 14.4% vs 115.6% ± 15.9% body weight; P =.003) compared with the PRO population. The PRO overall low-variance subgroup had significantly lower shoulder distractive force (111.8% ± 14.1% vs 119.6% ± 15.5% body weight; P =.008) and elbow anterior force (40.6% ± 5.0% vs 43.6% ± 6.2% body weight; P =.008) compared with the PRO overall high-variance subgroup. Conclusion: HS and PRO pitchers with low variance for joint and segment velocities achieved significantly lower maximal velocities in the subgroup of interest, while preserving ball velocity. PRO pitchers with overall low variance among multiple maximal joint and segment velocities demonstrated decreased shoulder distractive and elbow anterior force. Clinical Relevance: PRO pitchers with low intrapitch variation in maximal joint and segment velocities may be viewed as kinetically conservative throwers. These pitchers with similarly maintained mechanics between pitches may have an increasingly regimented form that preserves kinetic forces about the throwing arm. The opposite may be true for PRO pitchers with increased variability in segmental velocities during their pitching motion, as they showed increased throwing arm kinetics including shoulder distractive and elbow anterior force compared with the overall low-variance group, theoretically increasing their risk of injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Ischemic heart disease (IHD) represents the main cause of heart failure (HF). A prognostic stratification of HF patients with ischemic etiology, particularly those with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), may be challenging due the variability in clinical and hemodynamic status. The aim of this study is to assess the prognostic power of the HLM score in a population of patients with ischemic HF and in a subgroup who developed HF following ACS. Methods: This is an observational, prospective, single-center study, enrolling consecutive patients with a diagnosis of ischemic HF. Patients were stratified according to the four different HLM stages of severity, and the occurrence of CV death, HFH, and worsening HF events were evaluated at 6-month follow-up. A sub-analysis was performed on patients who developed HF following ACS at admission. Results: The study included 146 patients. HLM stage predicts the occurrence of CV death (p = 0.01) and CV death/HFH (p = 0.003). Cox regression analysis confirmed HLM stage as an independent predictor of CV death (OR: 3.07; 95% IC: 1.54–6.12; p = 0.001) and CV death/HFH (OR: 2.45; 95% IC: 1.43–4.21; p = 0.001) in the total population of patients with HF due to IHD. HLM stage potentially predicts the occurrence of CV death (p < 0.001) and CV death/HFH (p < 0.001) in patients with HF following ACS at admission. Conclusions: Pathophysiological-based prognostic assessment through HLM score is a potentially promising tool for the prediction of the occurrence of CV death and CV death/HFH in ischemic HF patients and in subgroups of patients with HF following ACS at admission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Teologia is the property of Glossa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In heavy-ion collisions at intermediate energies, the production and propagation of Δ particles are crucial to understanding the nuclear equation of state and inferring the properties of nuclear matter at high densities. Based on the self-consistent relativistic Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck (RBUU) transport theory, by introducing the isovector ρ meson exchange into the effective Lagrangian and adopting the density-dependent coupling constants, the detailed expressions for isospin-dependent in-medium N Δ → N Δ elastic cross sections σ N Δ ∗ have been calculated. The energy and density dependence of the isospin-related σ N Δ ∗ as well as the total contributions of σ , ω and ρ meson fields are analyzed. It is found that the total σ N Δ ∗ has a sensitive center-of-mass energy dependence at lower energies while exhibiting a slight increase as the center-of-mass energy increases. The isospin effect between different isospin-separated channels weakens as the energy and/or density increases. The isospin effect on the density- and energy-dependent in-medium N Δ elastic cross sections is dominantly caused by the delicate balance of the isovector ρ meson exchange. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the Bushveld Complex, South Africa, open pit mines are faced with a challenge of rock slope stability due to geological structures (fractures, faults and dykes) that compartmentalize the rock mass. Geophysical surveys (seismics, magnetics and electrical methods) were conducted in a 0.2 km2 area at Tharisa mine, with the goal to delineate fractures that may be potential conduits for water migration into the pit. Special processing techniques were applied to the dataset to obtain good quality seismic, magnetic and resistivity models. The P‐wave velocity models show distinct low velocities in the centre of the seismic profile, indicating the presence of weak zones associated with faulting or fracturing. Seismic reflection method was used to image the deeper discontinuities and mineralization contacts. Near surface reflections are observed throughout the profiles and are correlated with the contact between the chromitite and host rock. Ground magnetic surveys were conducted to delineate dykes and fractures. De‐trending and de‐culturing techniques were applied on the magnetic data for correcting regional and temporal variations. The low magnetic regions indicate the presence of fracture systems in the subsurface, whereas the high magnetic region is correlated with the dolerite dyke that crosscuts the pit. The electrical resistivity tomography exhibits linear low resistivity contrast zones that differentiate between the fractured and undisturbed hard rock at an estimated depth of 4–10 m. Resistivity shows discontinuities that suggests the presence of fracturing and dyke‐host rock contacts. Correlation among magnetics, P‐wave velocity models, resistivity section and seismic data is evident when overlaying the different datasets, implying that the low magnetic regions are highly weathered and prone to fracturing. The integration of geophysical data is encouraging, because it was able to image the depth to the bedrock, fractures within the host rock and dyke in a complex mining environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]