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summary. spermatozoa were the first cell type suggested to generate reactive oxygen species. however, a lack of standardization in sperm preparation techniques and the obfuscating impact of contaminating cell types in human ejaculates have made it difficult to confirm that mammalian germ cells do, in fact, make such reactive metabolites. by identifying, on a molecular level, those entities involved in reactive oxygen species generation and demonstrating their presence in spermatozoa, the role of redox chemistry in the control of sperm function can be elucidated. two major proteins have apparently been identified in this context, namely, nox5, a calcium-activated nadph oxidase, and nitric oxide synthase. understanding the involvement of these enzymes in sperm physiology is essential if we are to understand the causes of oxidative stress in the male germ line. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We determine the values of $m$ for which the Bianchi modular group $\operatorname{PSL}_2(\mathcal{O}_m)$ contains a link group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A correction to the article "Bose-Einstein condensation in large time-averaged optical ring potentials" that was published in August 2, 2016 issue is presented.

Interferometric measurements with matter waves are established techniques for sensitive gravimetry, rotation sensing, and measurement of surface interactions, but compact interferometers will require techniques based on trapped geometries. In a step towards the realisation of matter wave interferometers in toroidal geometries, we produce a large, smooth ring trap for Bose–Einstein condensates using rapidly scanned time-averaged dipole potentials. The trap potential is smoothed by using the atom distribution as input to an optical intensity correction algorithm. Smooth rings with a diameter up to 300 μm are demonstrated. We experimentally observe and simulate the dispersion of condensed atoms in the resulting potential, with good agreement serving as an indication of trap smoothness. Under time of flight expansion we observe low energy excitations in the ring, which serves to constrain the lower frequency limit of the scanned potential technique. The resulting ring potential will have applications as a waveguide for atom interferometry and studies of superfluidity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fully spectroscopic x/γ-ray imaging is now possible thanks to advances in the growth of wide-bandgap semiconductors. One of the most promising materials is cadmium zinc telluride (CdZnTe or CZT), which has been demonstrated in homeland security, medical imaging, astrophysics and industrial analysis applications. These applications have demanding energy and spatial resolution requirements that are not always met by the metal contacts deposited on the CdZnTe. To improve the contacts, the interface formed between metal and semiconductor during contact deposition must be better understood. Gold has a work function closely matching that of high resistivity CdZnTe and is a popular choice of contact metal. Gold contacts are often formed by electroless deposition however this forms a complex interface. The prior CdZnTe surface preparation, such as mechanical or chemo-mechanical polishing, and electroless deposition parameters, such as gold chloride solution temperature, play important roles in the formation of the interface and are the subject of the presented work. Techniques such as focused ion beam (FIB) cross section imaging, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and current  −  voltage (I–V) analysis have been used to characterize the interface. It has been found that the electroless reaction depends on the surface preparation and for chemo-mechanically polished (1 1 1) CdZnTe, it also depends on the A/B face identity. Where the deposition occurred at elevated temperature, the deposited contacts were found to produce a greater leakage current and suffered from increased subsurface voiding due to the formation of cadmium chloride. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]