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This paper presents a model for representing compliance rules related to subsurface objects. Rules expressed in this model can be automatically evaluated (using SHACL or SPARQL) on existing 3D city models expressed in RDF. The main characteristics of the proposed model are (1) its expressiveness, that comes from the use of formal ontologies for representing the rules and the objects they refer to, (2) its integrative nature, given by the interconnection among the proposed ontologies and the connection of these ontologies with CityGML and IFC (in an ontological form), and (3) its multi-geometry aspect. Preliminary results allow to automatically evaluate formally expressed compliance rules for underground objects in a 3D city model, that will considerably ease the task of professionals of the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We perform a detailed geomorphological and compositional analysis on three craters hosting hollows located in the Victoria and Kuiper Quadrangles of Mercury. Based on Mercury Dual Imaging System data, high‐resolution detailed geomorphological mapping is provided in order to fully characterize the geological framework where hollows formed. In addition, we apply an unsupervised spectral clustering, based on a K‐mean algorithm, to separate in clusters our data sets. The comparison between the spectral and the well‐defined geomorphological units reveals a spatially coherent distribution. In particular, all hollows are uniquely identified by a well‐defined spectrum showing a wide absorption band between 0.558 and 0.828, with a possible hint of absorption toward 1 μm. Our analysis suggests that the composition of hollows may be characterized by a mixture of different minerals contributing to the absorptions found in our spectra. Indeed, sulfides alone (CaS, MnS, and MgS) cannot explain the spectrum behavior of hollows, even if the mechanism forming hollows likely involves the loss of volatiles from the surface. Hence, we have to consider bedrock‐forming material as partial responsible of the absorptions. For the studied hollows we suggest that the bedrock‐forming minerals are pyroxenes presenting transitional elements, like Cr, Ti, and Ni in substitution of Mg and/or Fe. Therefore, we suggest that the spectral characteristics of hollows are related to both remnant material produced by devolatilization process and to bedrock in which the hollows formed. Plain Language Summary: The Mercury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging mission provided the first detailed view of Mercury's surface and its space environment. Among the many discoveries, it revealed for the first time the presence of unusual bright irregular and rimless flat‐floored depression, called hollows, which are usually found on crater walls, rims, floors, and central peaks. Understanding the nature of hollows is still a major challenge since it is difficult to define which is their source mechanism. By using multicolor images acquired through the Mercury Dual Imaging System, we analyzed the nature of hollows hosted by three different impact craters, both from a geomorphological and a compositional perspective. Such analysis revealed that different units identified in high‐resolution geological maps are characterized by different spectral behaviors. Hollows in all craters have a well‐defined visible spectrum that when compared with laboratory spectra is indicative of the presence of both sulfides and pyroxene presenting transitional elements. This provides new insights into the hollows' nature and composition, suggesting that hollow terrains are the expression of both the remnant material coming from a process that involve devolatilization and the bedrock‐forming material (planet crust) where they formed. Key Points: Spectral behavior of hollows is identified by a wide absorption band between 0.558 and 0.828 μm, with a hint of absorption toward 1 μmThe hollow absorption can be explained by pyroxenes presenting transitional elements, in addition to sulfidesHollows consist of both the remnant material coming from a degassing process and the bedrock‐forming material in which they formed [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: The aim of this study is to report the case of the orthodontic treatment in a patient affected by primary hyperoxaluria type 1 and subjected to a combinate liver-kidney transplant.Methods and Results: The 9-year patient was admitted to our department for the presence of facial dysmorphism. The patient was affected by primary hyperoxaluria type 1 and has undergone a combined liver-kidney transplantation. At the time of the visit, he was in treatment with immunosuppressive drugs and received a corticosteroid and an antibiotic therapy monthly. An intraoral and extraoral examination, as well as radiographic and model analysis, was performed in order to define an accurate diagnosis and a proper rehabilitation planning. An orthopedic-orthodontic treatment was performed and satisfactory final results obtained. A laser gingivectomy was also realized for eliminate the gengival hyperplasia probably induced by cyclosporine assumption. Both skeletal and dental relationships were improved by the treatment, reaching a good dental arches alignment.Conclusion: An early diagnosis, as well as a multidisciplinary approach, is very important in patients with rare diseases. An appropriate treatment allowed us to achieve acceptable results and improve the patient quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the antiplaque effects of an alcohol-free essential oil (alcohol-free EO) mouthwash and an amine fluoride/stannous fluoride with zinc lactate (SnFl-Zn) mouthwash compared to a positive control of chlorhexidine ( CHX) mouthwash, using an in vivo plaque regrowth model of 3 days. Materials and methods The study was designed as a double-masked, randomized, crossover clinical trial, involving 20 volunteers to compare two different mouthwashes, using a 3-day plaque accumulation model. After receiving thorough professional prophylaxis at baseline, over the next 3 days, each volunteer refrained from all oral hygiene measures and performed two daily rinses with 20 ml of the test mouthwashes. A 0.20% CHX rinse served as a positive control. At the end of each experimental period, plaque was assessed, and the panellists completed a questionnaire. Each subject underwent a 14-day washout period, and then, there was another allocation. Results The SnFl-Zn mouthwash has shown a better inhibitory activity on plaque regrowth compared to the alcohol-free EO mouthwash in the whole mouth (plaque index = 1.93 against 2.45, respectively), but there was less of an effect compared to the CHX group, with an overall plaque index of 1.41. The differences of 0.52 between alcohol-free EO and SnFl-Zn and between SnFl-Zn and CHX and of 0.96 between alcohol-free EO and CHX were all statistically significant ( P < 0.001). Conclusion The alcohol-free EO mouthwash seemed to have less of an inhibiting effect on plaque regrowth than the amine fluoride/SnFl-Zn mouthwash and the CHX control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate craniofacial characteristics in pediatric patients with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS).Setting and Sample Population: A retrospective sample of 20 consecutive patients with PWS who had lateral and antero-posterior (AP) cephalograms (14 males and six females; average age 10.2 ± 3 years) was compared to 20 controls matched for age and sex (14 males and six females; average age 10.5 ± 3.7 years).Materials and Methods: Cephalometric skeletal measurements were performed twice at a 1-week interval by one calibrated operator, and random error was calculated using Dahlberg's formula. Mean values and standard deviations were computed for all variables. Student's t-test for independent samples was used to determine significant differences between PWS and controls. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05.Results: Cephalometric values for the length of the maxilla (p < 0.01), mandibular length (p < 0.05) at both the ramus (p < 0.05) and the mandibular body (p < 0.01), and posterior and anterior facial height (p < 0.01) were significantly lower in patients with PWS compared to controls. The AP cephalometric analysis revealed a significant reduction (p < 0.01) in maxillary skeletal width, mandibular skeletal width, and interzygomatic distance.Conclusions: Pediatric patients with PWS seem to have a general reduction in certain craniofacial skeletal parameters (i.e., maxillary and mandibular length) compared to controls, but this study did not assess the overall craniofacial characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The arterial vascular supply of maxillary sinus has to be considered in all the surgical procedures where it is involved. In particular, the intraosseous anastomosis between the posterior superior alveolar artery and the infraorbital artery branches in the bony canal can be tricky to a not well aware clinician. The aim of this study is to investigate the arterial blood supply of the maxillary sinus to give clinicians the basis for a better understanding of vascular complications that can derive from surgical procedures at this level.Materials and Methods: One hundred cone beam computed tomography were analysed by the Imaging software for three-dimensional images, i-Dixel 2.0. The parameters considered have been the presence (i), the calibre (ii), the dorso-ventral length (iii) and the cranio-caudal distance (iv). The data have been processed with means, standard deviations and verified by T-Student test.Results: The statistical outputs showed that the 38% of samples presented the intraosseous anastomosis. Those anastomosis resulted long in dorso-ventral way both on left (12.55 ± 4.3 mm) and right side (12.4 ± 4.3 mm). The mean cranio- -caudal distance resulted 15.71 ± 5.08 mm on the left and 14.73 ± 4.74 mm on right side. The calibre measurements resulted quite big as well: 1.68 ± 0.3 mm on the left and 1.54 ± 0.38 mm on the right. The differences between the right and left sides were found not statistically significant.Conclusions: This in vivo investigation shows how a knowledge of the maxillary sinus vascularisation is essential during the programming surgical phase in order to prevent blood complications during the operations involving this region. (. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of an inflammatory infiltrate in the peri-implant soft tissue of single-implant crowns supported by either zirconia or titanium abutments in healthy subjects. Serial sections from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded blocks from peri-implant mucosa of 25 patients were immunohistochemically analyzed for CD3 and CD20 lymphocyte marker expression. The results showed that levels of T cells (CD3) were higher around zirconia than titanium abutments (p<0.05). On the contrary, the levels of B cells (CD20) were found higher around titanium abutment in comparison with the zirconia abutment. These differences were statistically significant (p<0.05). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

These studies present the electromagnetic analyses of different configurations of the so called "Integrated Production Umbilical," or simply Umbilical Cables. Modern Umbilical Cables can have more than 4 independent 3-phase power circuits as well as steel tubes. There is no 2-D symmetry for these cable configurations and the 3-D simulations are very undesirable due to cable length. The adopted methodology to evaluate cable performance is a combination of 2-D-finite element analyses (coupled with electric circuit) and the transposition technique. The results have shown that the configuration B in which all power circuits rotates along its own center has better performance considering the load terminal voltages due to the compensation of the induction effect along the cable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]