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Objectives: To evaluate the effects of photobiomodulation (PBM) in gingival lesions resulting from autoimmune diseases; to compare PBM and topical corticosteroid (CS) treatment; and to assess PBM outcome over time of follow-up. Materials and methods: A comprehensive electronic search was performed in four electronic databases. Treatment effects were measured through visual analog scale of pain (VAS) and clinical evolution of lesion (Thongprasom scale for oral lichen planus (OLP)). Meta-analysis was performed to compare PBM with topical corticosteroid treatment and to evaluate PBM effect over time of follow-up. Results: Seventeen studies were included in this review, of which six were used for the meta-analysis. Meta-analysis results showed no significant differences between PBM and topical CS in pain reduction at baseline (MD = 0.20, 95% CI = − 0.92, 1.32, p = 0.72) and 60-day follow-up (MD = 0.63, 95% CI = − 3.93, 5.19, p = 0.79); however, VAS showed significant pain reduction when compared before and after PBM at 30-day (MD = − 3.52, 95% CI = − 5.40, − 1.64, p = 0.0002) and 60-day (MD = − 5.04, 95% CI = − 5.86, − 4.22, p < 0.00001) follow-up. Thongprasom clinical scale for OLP also showed significant improvement at 30-day follow-up (MD = − 2.50, 95% CI = − 2.92, − 2.08, p < 0.00001) after PBM. Conclusion: PBM led to significant reduction of pain and clinical scores of the lesions, not having shown significant differences when compared to topical CS. Clinical relevance: PBM has been used in the treatment of autoimmune gingival lesions, but so far there is little strong evidence to support its use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is an infection caused by fungi of the genus Paracoccidioides and is marked by a strong predilection for men; nevertheless, some women have had developed PCM and have presented oral involvement by the disease. Objectives: To review all published cases until August 2020 of oral PCM in women, with emphasis on the presence of systemic changes, deleterious habits (tobacco and alcohol) and oral manifestation features through a systematic review. Methods: Observational studies (both prospective and retrospective) and case reports indexed in the Embase, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and LIVIVO databases were selected by two reviewers in a two‐phase process following the pre‐established PICOS criteria. Results: Twenty‐five studies met the eligibility criteria and were selected for qualitative synthesis, of which 72 participants were enrolled. Brazilian White women between 40 and 50 years were the most affected and social history revealed them to be housewives or rural workers. Fifteen women (33.3% of the informed cases) presented any systemic change at the time of PCM diagnosis, namely pregnancy, HIV infection and/or depression. Moriform stomatitis was predominant and affected preferentially the gingivae and alveolar processes in the form of a single painful lesion. Most patients were treated with sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim or itraconazole. Conclusions: Oral PCM in women is rare; some cases showed systemic changes at the time of PCM diagnosis, namely HIV infection, pregnancy and depression. New studies should be conducted to elucidate the influence of systemic alterations on the development of oral PCM in women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Software programs for visualization and analysis of digital orthodontic models, apart from presenting the necessary features for diagnosis and treatment planning, also need to be user-friendly. This characteristic refers to software' usability, a measure that evaluates how easy it is to use it is by a specific group of professionals. The aim of this study was to compare the usability of free available versions of two software programs for visualization and analysis of digital orthodontic models. Methods. Digimodel® and OrthoCAD® usability were evaluated through their interface analysis and executing the following procedures: malocclusion classification and models analysis (arch-length and tooth-size discrepancies). Results. Digimodel® and OrthoCAD® software programs had an installer only for Windows platform, occupied less than 110 megabytes of virtual space and only read files from their respective manufacturers. None possessed Portuguese as a language option. Both allowed visualization of the models in different axes through options present in initial screen, at a click. For model analysis, both software programs required to measure tooth to tooth and performed necessary calculations automatically. However, OrthoCAD® software program was less intuitive because the option for these actions was among several others, within menus, which could cause confusion during navigation. In addition, the marking of points did not always obey the clicked site. Conclusion. The free access version of the evaluated software programs exhibited usability limitations related to language, supported file format and even the model analysis execution for orthodontic diagnosis. Although OrthoCAD® was inferior, both did not meet orthodontists' clinical demand against these factors in the evaluated versions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]