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Background: Regular physical activity improves cancer survivors' health-related quality of life and physical function. We estimated the proportion of Utah cancer survivors meeting U.S. Department of Health and Human Services guidelines for weekly physical activity (aerobic plus strength exercise) and identify sociodemographic, cancer, and health-related factors associated with meeting guidelines. Methods: Survivors randomly sampled from Utah Cancer Registry records were surveyed from 2018 to 2022 to ascertain physical activity. We calculated the percent of survivors meeting guidelines and conducted logistic regression to assess predictors of meeting guidelines. Analyses were weighted to account for complex survey sample design and nonresponse and age adjusted. Results: Among Utah cancer survivors, 20.7% (95% CI, 18.5%–23.2%) met guidelines for both aerobic activity and strength exercise. 22.4% reported no aerobic exercise in a typical week, and 59.4% reported no strength exercise. Survivors 75 or older were less likely to meet physical activity guidelines than those under 55 (adjusted odds ratio: 0.40; 95% CI, 0.25–0.65). Survivors with a bachelor's degree or higher were more likely to meet physical activity guidelines than those without a college degree. Individuals with poorer overall health were less likely to report sufficient physical activity. Individuals treated with both chemotherapy and radiation had decreased odds of meeting guidelines compared to no treatment (adjusted odds ratio: 0.54; 95% CI, 0.29–0.99). Conclusions: Most Utah cancer survivors, and particularly those who received multiple modes of adjuvant treatment, are not participating in sufficient physical activity to improve longevity and quality of life after cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We analyse continuum and molecular emission, observed with Atacama Large Millimetre/submillimetre Array, from the dust-enshrouded intermediate-mass asymptotic giant branch (AGB) star OH 30.1−0.7. We find a secondary peak in the continuum maps, 'feature B', separated by 4.6 arcsec from the AGB star, which corresponds to a projected separation of |$1.8\times 10^{4}$| au, placing a lower limit on the physical separation. This feature is most likely composed of cold dust and is likely to be ejecta associated with the AGB star, though we cannot rule out that it is a background object. The molecular emission we detect includes lines of CO, SiS, CS, |$\mathrm{SO}_2$|⁠ , NS, NaCl, and KCl. We find that the NS emission is off centre and arranged along an axis perpendicular to the direction of feature B, indicative of a UV-emitting binary companion (e.g. a G-type main sequence star or hotter), perhaps on an eccentric orbit, contributing to its formation. However, the NaCl and KCl emission constrain the nature of that companion to not be hotter than a late B-type main-sequence star. We find relatively warm emission arising from the inner wind and detect several vibrationally excited lines of SiS (⁠|$\upsilon =1$|⁠), NaCl (up to |$\upsilon =4$|⁠), and KCl (up to |$\upsilon =2$|⁠), and emission from low-energy levels in the mid to outer envelope, as traced by |$\mathrm{SO}_2$|⁠. The CO emission is abruptly truncated around 3.5 arcsec or 14 000 au from the continuum peak, suggesting that mass loss at a high rate may have commenced as little as 2800 yr ago. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Police presence has increased in schools; however, little is known about the effects of positive police presence on academic or social-emotional outcomes in elementary students, even though their role often includes education and mentorship in addition to law enforcement. Results found that this is a recent area of interest with all articles published in 2019 or later and limited to studies conducted in the United States. Included studies provided limited demographic detail. Related to the specific areas of focus, no studies examined academic outcomes; social-emotional outcomes focused on feelings of safety or student empowerment; there were mixed findings on perceptions of safety; and relationships required intentional work. Over half of the studies included data from across grade levels, making it difficult to isolate findings specific to elementary students. Continued work in this area is necessary to fully understand the positive impact of police presence in elementary schools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) is the most severe subtype of stroke, with a 2-year mortality of nearly 50% and the greatest rate of disability amongst stroke survivors. Whilst treatment options for ICH remain limited, the condition requires prompt identification and rapid intervention to reduce permanent brain damage, with diagnosis traditionally confirmed by CT imaging. Although imaging is excellent at determining the presence of an intracranial bleed, biomarkers may help to identify the type of stroke or when the stroke began. Kisspeptin is a neuropeptide best known for its functions in reproductive biology, but recent preclinical studies have demonstrated that kisspeptins are upregulated in rodent models of haemorrhagic stroke. Here we report for the first time that kisspeptin immunoreactivity is significantly higher in post-mortem human brain tissue after both ICH and ICH associated with cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Machine learning and artificial intelligence-enabled image analysis of multiplexed immunolabeled brain tissues demonstrated that kisspeptin immunoreactivity was higher in cells of the microvasculature (CD105+), but not in neurons or astrocytes when compared to controls. Further spatial analysis indicated that kisspeptin immunoreactivity was concentrated to the region of haemorrhage. These results indicate that following ICH, kisspeptin is significantly higher in the human brain, suggesting expression from local vasculature or recruitment to the haematoma. Further work is required to determine the biological mechanisms underlying kisspeptin elevation within the ICH microenvironment and its potential utility as a novel biomarker or therapeutic target for ICH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aim of this study is to develop a method we call "cost mining" to unravel cost variation and identify cost drivers by modelling integrated patient pathways from primary care to the palliative care setting. This approach fills an urgent need to quantify financial strains on healthcare systems, particularly for colorectal cancer, which is the most expensive cancer in Australia, and the second most expensive cancer globally. Methods: We developed and published a customized algorithm that dynamically estimates and visualizes the mean, minimum, and total costs of care at the patient level, by aggregating activity-based healthcare system costs (e.g. DRGs) across integrated pathways. This extends traditional process mining approaches by making the resulting process maps actionable and informative and by displaying cost estimates. We demonstrate the method by constructing a unique dataset of colorectal cancer pathways in Victoria, Australia, using records of primary care, diagnosis, hospital admission and chemotherapy, medication, health system costs, and life events to create integrated colorectal cancer patient pathways from 2012 to 2020. Results: Cost mining with the algorithm enabled exploration of costly integrated pathways, i.e. drilling down in high-cost pathways to discover cost drivers, for 4246 cases covering approx. 4 million care activities. Per-patient CRC pathway costs ranged from $10,379 AUD to $41,643 AUD, and varied significantly per cancer stage such that e.g. chemotherapy costs in one cancer stage are different to the same chemotherapy regimen in a different stage. Admitted episodes were most costly, representing 93.34% or $56.6 M AUD of the total healthcare system costs covered in the sample. Conclusions: Cost mining can supplement other health economic methods by providing contextual, sequence and timing-related information depicting how patients flow through complex care pathways. This approach can also facilitate health economic studies informing decision-makers on where to target care improvement or to evaluate the consequences of new treatments or care delivery interventions. Through this study we provide an approach for hospitals and policymakers to leverage their health data infrastructure and to enable real time patient level cost mining. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Co-production involves researchers, practitioners and people with lived experience working in a collaborative manner, with shared power. The potential benefits of co-production are well documented. However, there is little research describing the experience of having been involved in co-production from the perspective of Experts By Lived Experience (EBLE). The aim of the present study is to explore the experiences of EBLE of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) on their involvement in co-producing a blended intervention to prevent relapse for OCD. Methods: Five EBLE took part in semi-structured interviews enquiring about their experiences of co-producing a relapse prevention intervention. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. Results: Four themes were developed: (1) Welcome but unexpected therapeutic benefits; (2) The parameters of a safe space; (3) Genuine co-production brings meaningful change; and (4) Navigating the challenging terrain of co-production. Conclusions: Overall, EBLE reported their involvement in the co-production process to have had positive impacts on both the development of the intervention and their own personal recovery journey. EBLE valued the safety created within the group, and the importance this had for allowing them to speak open and honestly about their experiences and the difficulties that can arise with the nature of the work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) exerts many of its regulatory effects on eukaryotic mRNAs by recruiting cytoplasmic YT521-B homology-domain family (YTHDF) proteins. Here, we show that in Arabidopsis thaliana, the interaction between m6A and the major YTHDF protein ECT2 also involves the mRNA-binding ALBA protein family. ALBA and YTHDF proteins physically associate via a deeply conserved short linear motif in the intrinsically disordered region of YTHDF proteins and their mRNA target sets overlap, with ALBA4 binding sites being juxtaposed to m6A sites. These binding sites correspond to pyrimidine-rich elements previously found to be important for m6A binding to ECT2. Accordingly, both the biological functions of ECT2, and its binding to m6A targets in vivo, require ALBA association. Our results introduce the YTHDF-ALBA complex as the functional cytoplasmic m6A-reader in Arabidopsis, and define a molecular foundation for the concept of facilitated m6A reading, which increases the potential for combinatorial control of biological m6A effects. Synopsis: YTHDF proteins read the m6A-code on eukaryotic mRNA in the cytoplasm. This report shows that in Arabidopsis, m6A is read not simply by YTHDF proteins, but by their complexes with the ancient RNA-binding ALBA proteins. A short linear motif (SLiM), deeply conserved in the intrinsically disordered region of plant m6A-binding YTHDF proteins, is required for their RNA-binding in vivo. This SLiM is necessary for physical association with the ALBA family of RNA-binding proteins. The ALBA protein ALBA4 binds to pyrimidine-rich elements juxtaposed to m6A in mRNA targets of the major YTHDF proteins ECT2 and ECT3. ALBA proteins are required for biological effects of m6A and for ECT2-binding to m6A targets in vivo. The plant m6A reader consists of a complex between ECT2/3 and the RNA-binding protein ALBA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Consistently engaging with client distress can negatively impact mental health workers (MHWs). This has been described by the concept of empathy-based stress (EBS) (which encompasses burnout; secondary traumatic stress; compassion fatigue and vicarious trauma). Previous reviews of interventions to reduce EBS have not addressed MHWs as a distinct group, despite evidence suggesting they are particularly vulnerable to it. In the context of rising demand for mental health services, it is especially important to understand how to mitigate the impact of EBS on MHWS. This scoping review therefore aimed to identify and describe available interventions to reduce or prevent EBS in MHWs. A systematic scoping review of the literature between 1970 and 2022 was undertaken using five electronic databases. A total of 51 studies were included, which varied significantly with regards to: interventions used; study methodology and theoretical underpinnings. Studies were grouped according to the level at which they aimed to intervene, namely: individual; team or organisational. The review concluded that most studies intervened at the level of the individual, despite the proposed causes of EBS being predominantly organisational. Furthermore, theoretical links to the origins of EBS were largely unclear. This suggests a lack of empirical evidence from which organisations employing MHWs can draw, to meaningfully prevent or reduce EBS in their staff. A dedicated research agenda is outlined to address this, and, other pertinent issues in the field and signifies a call for more theoretically grounded research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In France, in recent years, the field of veterinary medicine has witnessed a growing interest in veterinary telemedicine, driven by rapid technological advancements and a decline in the availability of veterinarians, particularly in remote and rural areas. However, there is a scarcity of literature addressing the barriers and facilitators of implementing telemedicine in veterinary practice. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the factors that influence the adoption of veterinary telemedicine for bovine, poultry and swine in France. Insights from both farmers and veterinarians were collected and subjected to qualitative analysis utilizing the COM-B model of behavior change. Significant barriers and facilitators were identified. Major hurdles encompass technological limitations, regulatory complexities, and concerns regarding the evolution of the veterinary profession. Conversely, the expertise of veterinarians, coupled with their understanding of their clients' farms, and the potential for remote interventions, emerged as primary facilitators. The study emphasizes the critical role of regulation in ensuring ethical standards and maximizing the benefits of telemedicine. With clear regulatory frameworks in place, telemedicine holds promise for enhancing animal health and optimizing veterinary practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A major challenge in photolithography-based nanofabrication is the patterning of large features next to small features. However, such arrangements of features are often required by nanofabricated devices such as metasurfaces. Oftentimes, electron-beam lithography is utilized to circumvent this problem, but at the expense of cost, fabrication time, and limited write-area, which, thus, limits fabrication throughput. In this work, we detail an aperiodic design framework for metasurfaces that can achieve 2 π phase control in the near-infrared (NIR) and can be easily fabricated with deep-UV photolithography. We also explore several approaches by which we can achieve the fabrication of fixed pitch metasurfaces with a range of nanopost diameters as small as 220 nm and as large as 480 nm directly adjacent to one another by splitting each device into several photomask images based on a nanopost diameter and/or a pitch, a diluting photoresist developer, and tailoring photoresist thickness. We report on the effectiveness of each strategy individually and in combination with each other and characterize the optical behavior of metasurfaces fabricated with these techniques. Ultimately, we find that using a combination of all three strategies results in the best fabrication performance, allowing us to fabricate 1 mm 2 NIR metasurfaces that can achieve 2 π phase control within design tolerance specifications and can be scaled to large-area optics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The Blood Cancer Network Ireland and National Cancer Registry Ireland worked to create an Enhanced Blood Cancer Outcomes Registry (EBCOR). Enhanced data in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) included an extensive data dictionary, bespoke software and longitudinal follow-up. Aims: To demonstrate the utility of the database, we applied the data to examine a clinically relevant question: Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) usefulness in predicting AML patients' survival. Methods: A software designer and consultant haematologists in Cork University Hospital worked together to standardise a data dictionary, train registrars and populate a database. One hundred and forty-one AML patients underwent enhanced data registration. Comorbidities identified by chart review were used to examine the capability of the CCI and age at diagnosis to predict mortality using Kaplan–Meier curves, Cox regression and receiver operating characteristic curves. Results: In regression analysis, a dose–response relationship was observed; patients in the highest CCI tertile displayed a greater risk (HR = 4.90; 95% CI 2.79–8.63) of mortality compared to subjects in tertile 2 (HR = 2.74; 95% CI 1.64–4.57) and tertile 1 (reference). This relationship was attenuated in an analysis which adjusted for age at diagnosis. The area under the curve (AUC) for the CCI was 0.76 (95% CI 0.68–0.84) while the AUC for age at diagnosis was 0.84 (95% CI 0.78–0.90). Conclusions: Results suggest that the CCI provides no additional prognostic information beyond that obtained from age alone at AML diagnosis and that an EBCOR can provide a rich database for cancer outcomes research, including predictive models and resource allocation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: We previously reported that single doses of the norepinephrine transporter inhibitor, atomoxetine, increased standing blood pressure (BP) and ameliorated symptoms in patients with neurogenic orthostatic hypotension (nOH). We aimed to evaluate the effect of atomoxetine over four weeks in patients with nOH. Methods: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover clinical trial between July 2016 and May 2021 was carried out with an initial open-label, single-dose phase (10 or 18 mg atomoxetine), followed by a 1-week wash-out, and a subsequent double-blind 4-week treatment sequence (period 1: atomoxetine followed by placebo) or vice versa (period 2). The trial included a 2-week wash-out period. The primary endpoint was symptoms of nOH as measured by the orthostatic hypotension questionnaire (OHQ) assessed at 2 weeks. Results: A total of 68 patients were screened, 40 were randomized, and 37 completed the study. We found no differences in the OHQ composite score between atomoxetine and placebo at 2 weeks (−0.3 ± 1.7 versus −0.4 ± 1.5; P = 0.806) and 4 weeks (−0.6 ± 2.4 versus −0.5 ± 1.6; P = 0.251). There were no differences either in the OHSA scores at 2 weeks (3 ± 1.9 versus 4 ± 2.1; P = 0.062) and at 4 weeks (3 ± 2.2 versus 3 ± 2.0; P = 1.000) or in the OH daily activity scores (OHDAS) at 2 weeks (4 ± 3.0 versus 5 ± 3.1, P = 0.102) and 4 weeks (4 ± 3.0 versus 4 ± 2.7, P = 0.095). Atomoxetine was well-tolerated. Conclusions: While previous evidence suggested that acute doses of atomoxetine might be efficacious in treating nOH; results of this clinical trial indicated that it was not superior to placebo to ameliorate symptoms of nOH. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov; NCT02316821. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Halide perovskite indoor photovoltaics (PVs) are highly promising to autonomously power the billions of microelectronic sensors in the emerging and disruptive technology of the Internet of Things (IoT). However, how the wide range of different types of hole extraction layers (HELs) impacts the indoor light harvesting of perovskite solar cells is still elusive, which hinders the material selection and industrial‐scale fabrication of indoor perovskite photovoltaics. In the present study, new insights are provided regarding the judicial selection of HELs at the buried interface of halide perovskite indoor photovoltaics. This study unravels the detrimental and severe light‐soaking effect of metal oxide transport layer‐based PV devices under the indoor lighting effect for the first time, which then necessitates the interface passivation/engineering for their reliant performance. This is not a stringent criterion under 1 sun illumination. By systematically investigating the charge carrier dynamics and sequence of measurements from dark, light‐soaked, interlayer‐passivated device, the bulk and interface defects are decoupled and reveal the gradual defect passivation from shallow to deep level traps. Thus, the present study puts forward a useful design strategy to overcome the deleterious effect of metal oxide HELs and employ them in halide perovskite indoor PVs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Strategies to repair the meniscus have achieved limited success; thus, a cell-based therapy combined with an appropriate biocompatible scaffold could be an interesting alternative to overcome this issue. The aim of this project is to analyze different cell populations and a collagen gel scaffold as a potential source for meniscus tissue engineering applications. Dermal fibroblasts (DFs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) isolated from adipose tissue (ASCs) or bone marrow (BMSCs) were analyzed. Two different fibro-chondrogenic media, M1 and M2, were tested, and qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed. Significant increases in glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) production and in fibro-cartilaginous marker expression were observed in MSCs in the presence of M1 medium. In addition, both ASCs and BMSCs cultured in M1 medium were used in association with the collagen hydrogel (MSCs-SCF) for the development of an in vitro meniscal-like tissue. Significant up-regulation in GAGs production and in the expression of aggrecan, collagen type I, and collagen type II was observed in BMSCs-SCF. This study improves knowledge of the potential of combining undifferentiated MSCs with a collagen gel as a new tissue engineering strategy for meniscus repair. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A burst of muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) induces vasoconstriction that transiently reduces regional vascular conductance and increases systemic blood pressure (BP) over the subsequent 4–8 cardiac cycles. These responses are termed sympathetic neurovascular transduction and sympathetic transduction of BP, respectively. Sympathetic transduction of BP is commonly calculated and interpreted as a proxy measure for regional sympathetic neurovascular transduction despite the systemic nature of BP regulation. The present analysis tested whether the peak change in signal-averaged sympathetic transduction of BP was correlated to the change in regional sympathetic vascular transduction at rest. Fourteen adults (5 females, 23 ± 3 yr) arrived at the laboratory, ate a standardized meal, and rested for 90–120 min. MSNA (fibular nerve microneurography), heart rate (electrocardiography), beat-to-beat BP (finger photoplethysmography), and superficial femoral artery blood flow (Doppler ultrasound) were obtained continuously for 10 min in the supine position. Femoral vascular conductance (FVC) was calculated as blood flow divided by mean arterial BP. The peak change in diastolic BP following a burst of MSNA was correlated to the corresponding nadir change in femoral vascular conductance (r = −0.58 [−0.07 to −0.85], P = 0.03) and superficial femoral artery blood flow (r = −0.54 [−0.17 to −0.83], P = 0.04). The nadir change in diastolic BP in cardiac cycles not following an MSNA burst was correlated to the peak change in femoral vascular conductance (r = −0.42 [−0.83 to 0.00], P = 0.05), but not superficial femoral artery blood flow (r = 0.41 [−0.77 to 0.15], P = 0.14). In conclusion, more commonly assessed sympathetic transduction of BP provides moderate insight into regional sympathetic neurovascular transduction. NEW & NOTEWORTHY: The majority of studies have used signal-averaged sympathetic transduction of blood pressure as a generalized measure of transduction. In this analysis, we show that sympathetic transduction of blood pressure and regional sympathetic vascular transduction were moderately correlated in healthy adults at rest. The moderate strength of this relationship highlights potential differences between regional and systemic assessments of sympathetic transduction and suggests that future work should choose the transduction measure best aligned with the research question. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We describe experiments that evaluated potential sex pheromone components for 6 North American click beetle species. In field trials in Illinois, South Carolina, North Carolina, and Virginia, male beetles of 6 species were strongly attracted to geranyl butyrate (Agriotes insanus Candèze), 5-methylhexyl (Z)-4-decenoate (Elater abruptus Say), 11-dodecenyl butyrate (Melanotus ignobilis Melsheimer), and limoniic acid (Gambrinus griseus [Palisot de Beauvois], G. rudis [Brown], and G. plebejus [Say]). Collection of E. abruptus in South Carolina represents a new state record. For each species, capture rates varied geographically and temporally, possibly due to differences in local population densities and regional phenology, or the efficiency of different trap designs or trap placement. Structural similarities were observed between the tested attractants and previously identified pheromones of closely related species. For example, males of A. insanus were attracted to geranyl butyrate, analogous to the terpenoid ester pheromones of a number of European congeners. The attractant for E. abruptus, 5-methylhexyl (Z)-4-decenoate, is an analog of the pheromone of its European congener E. ferrugineus L., and the attractant for M. ignobilis, 11-dodecenyl butyrate, is an analog of attractants of European and Asian congeners. Attraction of the 3 Gambrinus species to limoniic acid parallels recent reports of attraction of the congeners G. seminudus (Van Dyke) and G. ursinus (Van Dyke) to this compound, which was originally identified from closely related species of Limonius. Full identifications of additional sex pheromones for elaterid species should provide a more complete picture of the diversities/similarities of the semiochemicals mediating reproductive behaviors of this biologically diverse and taxonomically complex group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The American Pika (Ochotona princeps) has been considered a species at risk due to warming temperatures associated with climate change. Many life-history attributes of pikas contribute to the sensitivity of pikas to warming temperatures. Repeated censuses of a marginal (warm, low-elevation) population of pikas at Bodie State Historic Park, California, conducted from 1972 to 2022, are presented to track the population trajectory of pikas for a time period predating recent awareness of global warming to the present day, thus giving a comprehensive portrayal of how American pikas may be responding to climate change. The northern constellation of anthropogenic habitat patches (mine ore dumps) showed no decline in percent of patches occupied or in total number of pika territories over time, suggesting that pikas in that area have not been at risk of extirpation resulting from climate change. In contrast, the pika population in the southern constellation of patches showed significant declines in percent of patches occupied and number of pika territories occupied. That area was unoccupied for about a decade beginning in 2006, but was recently recolonized from the northern constellation of patches. The most likely cause of the initial decline and transient extirpation in the south appears to result from fragmentation and stochastic population dynamics, independent of climatic factors that we investigated. Assessments of climatic impacts on American pikas should take into account the dynamics documented in the Bodie pika population and its resilience over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cancer survivors can be at risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) because of either their malignancy or its treatment. Although studies linking cancer and CVD exist, few examine risk in older adults, the impact of cancer treatment, or the effect of aspirin on reducing risk in this cohort. Methods: The authors conducted a secondary analysis of the Aspirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly (ASPREE) trial to investigate the impact of cancer and cancer treatment on a composite CVD end point comprising hospitalization for heart failure (HHF), myocardial infarction (MI), and stroke. Results: Of 15,454 Australian and US ASPREE participants, 1392 had an incident cancer diagnosis. Rates of CVD were greater in the cancer risk‐set compared to the cancer‐free risk‐set (20.8 vs. 10.3 events per 1000 person‐years; incidence rate ratio, 2.03; 95% confidence interval, 1.51–2.66), with increased incidence seen across MI, HHF, overall stroke, and ischemic stroke. Increased incidence remained after adjustment for clinically significant risk factors for CVD. Incidence was greatest in metastatic, hematological, and lung cancer. Chemotherapy was associated with increased risk of CVD. Similar rates of CVD were seen across aspirin and placebo groups. Conclusions: Incidence of CVD, including MI, HHF, and ischemic stroke, was increased in older adults with cancer. Aspirin did not impact CVD incidence. Risk may be higher in those with metastatic, hematological, and lung cancer, and following chemotherapy. Cancer and its treatment may predispose patients to cardiovascular disease. In the study, the authors demonstrated increased risk of cardiovascular disease in older adults with cancer, particularly following chemotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Neuropathic-like pain, fatigue, cognitive difficulty, catastrophizing, anxiety, sleep disturbance, depression and widespread pain associate with a single factor in people with knee pain. We report the Central Aspects of Pain questionnaire (CAP) to characterize this across painful musculoskeletal conditions. Methods CAP was derived from the 8-item CAP-Knee questionnaire, and completed by participants with joint pain in the Investigating Musculoskeletal Health and Wellbeing survey. Subgroups had OA, back pain or FM. Acceptability was evaluated by feedback and data missingness. Correlation coefficients informed widespread pain scoring threshold in relation to the other items, and evaluated associations with pain. Factor analysis assessed CAP structure. Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) between paper and electronic administration assessed reliability. Friedman test assessed score stability over 4 years in people reporting knee OA. Results Data were from 3579 participants (58% female, median age 71 years), including subgroups with OA (n  = 1158), back pain (n  = 1292) or FM (n  = 177). Across the three subgroups, ≥10/26 painful sites on the manikin scored widespread pain. Reliability was high [ICC = 0.89 (95% CI 0.84–0.92)] and CAP scores fit to one- and two-factor model, with a total CAP score that was associated with pain severity and quality (r = 0.50–0.72). In people with knee pain, CAP scores were stable over 4 years at the group level, but displayed significant temporal heterogeneity within individual participants. Conclusions Central aspects of pain are reliably measured by the CAP questionnaire across a range of painful musculoskeletal conditions, and is a changeable state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Containment, as a way of restricting mobilities, ranges from physical infrastructures to diffused control practices in everyday life. Alongside their physical, social, and political dimensions, such restrictions also engender various temporal borders and experiences of time particular to situations of containment. A prolific field of research has identified waiting and hope as strategies for both enforcing and surpassing containment. In response, anthropological research on future-making has highlighted a more diverse set of contextual and emergent practices that derive from imagining and realising migrants' futures. Yet, in contrast to waiting, migrants' future-making practices have seldom been related to containment. Besides containment informing future-making, migrants and control actors also manipulate time as they plan or experiment with futures to overcome or reinforce containment. Carrying elusive promises of a better future, containment infrastructures can also motivate migrants to stay put and accommodate restrictions to their mobility. This paper addresses how such different relational, often conflicting, practices of envisioning and realising migrant futures contribute to or subvert different types of containment. Building on empirical studies from Turkey, Niger and Kenya we suggest future-making as a relational, practice-oriented and contextual approach suited to trace the negotiation of migrant futures between migrants, control actors, and infrastructures in situations of spatiotemporal containment. We give special attention to resettlement as a form of containment due to its ability to limit mobility through promises of future mobility and its role in negotiating migrant futures. This article serves as a theoretical introduction into the emerging research field of contested future-making in containment and to the corresponding paper cluster. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Evidence indicates that criminal behaviour in youth is linked with a range of negative physical, mental, and social health consequences. Despite a global decrease over the last 30 years, youth crime remains prevalent. Identifying and mapping the most robust risk and protective factors, and intervention strategies for youth crime could offer important keys for predicting future offense outcomes and assist in developing effective preventive and early intervention strategies. Current reviews in the area do not include literature discussing at risk populations such as First Nations groups from countries such as Australia, Canada and New Zealand. This is a critical gap given the disproportionally high rates of incarceration and youth detention among First Nations people globally, particularly in countries with a colonial past. The aim of this scoping review is to identify and map the key risk and protective factors, along with intervention strategies, that are essential for recognizing adolescents and young adults at risk of crime. Methods: This scoping review protocol has been developed in line with the Arksey and O'Malley framework and the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Reviewers' Manual. The review protocol was preregistered with Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/kg4q3). ProQuest, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and PsycInfo were used to retrieve relevant articles. Grey literature was searched using Google searches and ProQuest dissertations databases. Original research articles examining protective factors, risk factors, and intervention strategies for prevention and reduction of crime in 12-24-year-olds were included. Two independent reviewers conducted eligibility decisions and data extraction. Findings has been reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. Conclusion: Anticipated findings suggest that current research has extensively examined factors across all levels of the socioecological model, from individual to community levels, revealing a predominant focus on individual-level predictors such as substance use, prior criminal history, and moral development. The review is expected to identify effective interventions that address critical factors within each domain, including Multisystemic Therapy (MST) and Multidimensional Treatment Foster Care (MTFC), which have shown promise in reducing youth crime. Additionally, it will likely highlight significant trends in risk and protective factors, such as the dual role of academic achievement—both as a risk and protective factor—and the impact of family-based interventions. The review will also address gaps in research, particularly regarding Indigenous youth, underscoring the need for targeted studies to better understand their unique challenges. These findings will guide future research and inform the development of comprehensive prevention and early intervention programs tailored to diverse youth populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extreme short-duration rainfall is intensifying with climate warming, and growing evidence suggests that subhourly rainfall extremes are increasing faster than more widely studied durations at hourly and daily timescales. In this case study, we used 55 years (1968–2022) of 5-min precipitation data from Mahantango Creek, a long-term experimental agricultural watershed in east-central Pennsylvania, United States, to examine annual and seasonal changes in subhourly (15-min), hourly, and daily rainfall extremes. Specifically, we evaluated temporal trends in the magnitude and frequency of subhourly, hourly, and daily rainfall extremes. We then estimated apparent scaling rates between rainfall extremes and dew point temperature (Td) and compared these rates to the Clausius-Clapeyron (CC) rate (∼ 7% per °C). We also determined the coincidence of extreme rainfall trends with indicators of atmospheric instability and convective-type precipitation. Overall, we found the most significant changes in rainfall extremes at 15-min durations during the spring, with magnitudes of these subhourly extremes increasing by 0.6 to 0.9% per year, and frequencies rising by 3.4% per year. Apparent scaling rates in the spring showed that 15-min rainfall extremes transitioned from sub-CC scaling to greater than 2CC scaling when Td reached 11° C, implying a possible shift from stratiform rains to more intense convective rains above this Td threshold. Notably, trends in maximum hourly convective available potential energy (CAPE) increased during spring, as did the ratio of 15-min rainfall extremes to their corresponding daily rainfall totals. Findings indicate that convective-type precipitation may be playing an increasing role in the intensification of springtime 15-min rainfall extremes in Mahantango Creek. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solid or quasi-solid electrolytes are acclaimed for their ability to overcome limitations associated with liquid electrolytes, while still retaining crucial characteristics of the latter. Particularly within the realm of energy storage, these electrolytes have garnered substantial interest over the past decade. This study presents an investigation into two hybrid eutectogels obtained from the encapsulation of an ionic-liquid-(IL-) based binary deep eutectic solvent (DES) within a solid matrix of titania (TiO2) or silica (SiO2) through a non-aqueous sol–gel route. The DES is prepared by mixing the IL 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium methanesulfonate ([BMIM][MeSO3]) and N-methylacetamide (NMAc) in a carefully optimized molar ratio of 1 : 2. The properties of the eutectogels are thoroughly examined employing analytical techniques including field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, field emission transmission electron microscopy (FETEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Remarkably, the structural integrity of the DES remains unaltered following its incorporation into the matrices. The eutectogels exhibit a double-layer capacitive behavior within a wide operating potential window (OPW) of 3 V. Specific capacitance and ionic conductivity as high as 16.32 F g−1 and 1.27 mS cm−1 are obtained at room temperature with specific energy and specific power of 20.39 W h kg−1 and 3.31 kW kg−1 respectively, thus underscoring their potential utility in applications concerning electrochemical supercapacitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Loss of Lon1 led to stunted plant growth and accumulation of nuclear‐encoded mitochondrial proteins including Lon1 substrates. However, an in‐depth label‐free proteomics quantification of mitochondrial proteins in lon1 revealed that the majority of mitochondrial‐encoded proteins decreased in abundance. Additionally, we found that lon1 mutants contained protein aggregates in the mitochondrial that were enriched in metabolic enzymes, ribosomal subunits and PPR‐containing proteins of the translation apparatus. These mutants exhibited reduced general mitochondrial translation as well as deficiencies in RNA splicing and editing. These findings support the role of Lon1 in maintaining a functional translational apparatus for mitochondrial‐encoded gene translation. Transcriptome analysis of lon1 revealed a mitochondrial unfolded protein response reminiscent of the mitochondrial retrograde signalling dependent on the transcription factor ANAC017. Notably, lon1 mutants exhibited transiently elevated ethylene production, and the shortened hypocotyl observed in lon1 mutants during skotomorphogenesis was partially alleviated by ethylene inhibitors. Furthermore, the short root phenotype was partially ameliorated by introducing a mutation in the ethylene receptor ETR1. Interestingly, the upregulation of only a select few target genes was linked to ETR1‐mediated ethylene signalling. Together this provides multiple steps in the link between loss of Lon1 and signalling responses to restore mitochondrial protein homoeostasis in plants. Summary statement: Plant Lon1 prevents the aggregation of mitochondrial proteins, including metabolic enzymes and components of the translational apparatus such as ribosomal and PPR proteins. Dysfunctional proteins within these aggregates inhibit the translation of mitochondrial‐encoded genes and trigger unfolded protein responses associated with ANAC017. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Imagery associated with the Knights Templar appears in the public discourse and symbolism of many white supremacist and white nationalist groups. The 2011 Norwegian mass murderer cited the Templars in his manifesto, as did the 2019 New Zealand shooter. Templar crosses were on display at the 2017 white supremacist rally in Charlottesville, North Carolina. To understand the security imaginary behind these racialised medievalisms and their contemporary animation within right-wing extremism, this article develops the concept of 'conspiratorial medievalism'. The Knights Templar imaginary blends a specific, racialised, and romanticised vision of history with the grammar of conspiracy theory. This is characterised by (a) a belief in the racialised decline and victimisation of a 'righteous' White Christendom; (b) a sense of threat posed by racialised Others and betrayal by insiders; and (c) an anachronistic view of near-omnipotent individual agency. Significantly, conspiratorial medievalism demonstrates an aspiration to not merely combat 'undue' agency of racialised Others, but to reclaim and perform extreme agency themselves. Agency is cast in the idiom of medieval chivalry and framed as the moral obligation of righteous White men. Although Knights Templar imagery may appear superficial, this article finds it is an important justificatory and enabling discourse for racist violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The localization of humanitarian operations is commonly characterized as a return of ownership to local and national actors. Localization policies in Kenya have made refugee‐led community‐based organizations a viable alternative for humanitarian provisioning. Simultaneously, localization facilitated the ongoing enlargement of the Kenyan state into refugee management. Incidentally, the Kenyan state has introduced limitations on community‐based organizations' international funding and registration through a verification process. Drawing on 12 months of ethnographic research in Kakuma Refugee Camp, Kenya, this article explores how community‐based organizations mediate Kenyan state control through verification. The article develops the concept of "stateness" to examine how refugee actors claim legitimacy as a state function. Stateness is generated by members of community‐based organizations through practices involving fellow refugees and Kenyan state actors. Using stateness, this article seeks to draw attention to how refugees can become a part of wider state apparatus and shape how the state is constituted within the camp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: More evidence for patterns of healthcare utilisation and associated costs among people receiving opioid agonist therapy (OAT) is needed. We investigated primary and secondary healthcare usage and costs among methadone and buprenorphine recipients in England. Methods: We conducted a cohort study using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink GOLD and Aurum databases of patients who were prescribed OAT between 1 January 2007 and 31 July 2019. The cohort was linked to Hospital Episode Statistics admitted patient care, outpatient and emergency department data, neighbourhood‐ and practice‐level Index of Multiple Deprivation quintiles and mortality records. Negative binomial regression models were applied to estimate weighted rate ratios (wRR) of healthcare utilisation. Total and mean costs were calculated using Unit Costs of Health and Social Care and the National Healthcare Service Payment by Results National Tariffs. Results: Among 12,639 patients observed over 39,016 person‐years, we found higher rate of hospital admissions (wRR 1.18; 1.08–1.28) among methadone compared with buprenorphine recipients. The commonest hospital discharge diagnoses among methadone patients were infectious diseases (19.2%), mental and behavioural disorders (17.0%) and drug‐related poisoning (16.5%); the three commonest among buprenorphine patients were mental and behavioural diseases (21.5%), endocrine (13.8%) and genitourinary system diseases (13.1%). Methadone patients had similar mean costs compared with buprenorphine patients (cost difference: £539.01; 432.11–1006.69). Discussion and Conclusions: Differences in healthcare utilisation frequency for methadone versus buprenorphine recipients were observed. The differences in associated costs were mainly driven by hospital admissions. These findings offer valuable insights for optimising care strategies and resource allocation for OAT recipients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To understand good care from the perspective of hospitalised older persons. Background: Older persons are the largest group of hospital users, and numbers will increase in the next decades. Hospital organisations are attempting to transform traditional care models to meet the specialised needs of hospitalised older persons. To achieve this, healthcare providers including nurses and administrators need to understand the perspectives of hospitalised older persons on what constitutes good care. This knowledge is critical to nursing to ensure that care aligns with the perceived needs of hospitalised older persons. However, good care from the viewpoints of hospitalised older persons remains ambiguous and poorly delineated in the literature. Methods: We conducted a concept analysis using the pragmatic utility method. To identify peer‐reviewed articles, we searched CINAHL, MedLine, PsycINFO, Scopus and Embase databases for related literature using the keywords and related terms to 'good care', 'hospital or acute care' and 'older persons'. Results: Twenty‐two peer‐reviewed articles out of 2144 search results were included. The heterogeneity of older persons' perspectives and limitations in the literature on good care led to a tentative understanding. Good care, a partially mature concept, is the provision of person‐centred, culturally sensitive, holistic and integrated care that fosters autonomy, control and participation, resulting in a sense of belonging, smooth transitions, optimal management of clinical conditions, satisfaction in care and informed older persons and family caregivers. Conclusion: Older persons are a heterogeneous group with diverse perceptions of good care. Instead of seeking a common understanding of good care, efforts should be focused on identifying individual preferences, values and goals of hospitalised older persons. Implications for Practice: The components of good care are important for many hospitalised older persons and can serve as a starting point for improvements in practice settings. However, this understanding is tentative and may overlook critical aspects of care at an individual level. Hospital organisations, healthcare providers and nurses should be cognizant of this limitation and cultivate adaptability for an individualised approach to care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low- to moderate-intensity submaximal static contractions are commonly used to study the effects of biological sex on the cardiovascular response to exercise. Under this paradigm, premenopausal females frequently demonstrate smaller blood pressure responses than age-matched males. These differences are preserved during postexercise circulatory occlusion, implicating the muscle metaboreflex as an important driver of sex differences in the blood pressure response to static exercise. The mechanisms responsible for these differences are incompletely understood but often attributed to innate sex differences in skeletal muscle fiber type distribution, muscle metabolism, and/or sympathetic control of the circulation. However, one potential confounding factor is that the majority of studies use relative intensity exercise (e.g., 30% of maximal voluntary contraction), such that on average, females are completing static contractions at a lower absolute intensity. In this review, we summarize human evidence showing that sex differences in blood pressure responses to static exercise are attenuated or abolished when controlling for absolute intensity and muscle strength, either by statistical methods or strength-matched cohorts. We highlight evidence that the effect of higher absolute contraction intensity on exercise blood pressure likely occurs through increased mechanical occlusion of skeletal muscle microvasculature, leading to greater activation of the muscle metaboreflex. These findings highlight an important need to account for absolute intensity when studying and interpreting sex differences in cardiovascular responses to exercise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of natural (NatZeo) and acid-treated (AcidZeo) zeolites in increasing the nitrogen (N) recovery of sugarcane grown under conditions highly conducive for N losses. Methods: This glasshouse trial replicated the pedoclimatic conditions typical of the Australian sugarcane industry in the Wet Tropics to evaluate the capacity and economic feasibility of using NatZeo and AcidZeo to reduce leaching and increase plant and soil N recovery in a highly permeable sandy-loam soil. Nitrogen fertiliser was applied at two rates (84 and 120 kg N ha−1) as 15N-enriched urea. Results: Compared with the unamended treatments, AcidZeo led to significantly higher average fertiliser N recoveries in both the soil (+24%) and plant (+54%), which resulted in significantly lower overall N losses (−22%). However, the significantly higher capacity of AcidZeo in retaining ions limited the availability of potassium and sulphur to the plants and led to a 4% yield reduction. The use of NatZeo led to lower abatements of N losses (−6%) but increased N recoveries in the plant (+22%). NatZeo did not result in as much cation immobilisation, which, combined with the increased plant/soil N recovery, resulted in the highest yield of the trial (+8% compared with the unamended treatments). The economic analysis indicated that only NatZeo could potentially increase farmer's income when applied in 20 cm wide strips around the fertiliser band. Conclusions: This study highlights that zeolites have potential to improve the environmental sustainability and profitability of sugarcane cropping systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rhodoliths are non‐geniculate, free‐living coralline red algae that can accumulate on the seafloor and form structurally complex habitats supporting highly biodiverse communities termed rhodolith beds. Limited understanding of key rhodolith kinetical attributes and how they scale with environmental variability limits ability to predict changes in rhodolith bed distribution and abundance in a globally changing ocean climate. We carried out two experiments in an oscillatory wave tank to test the effects of (1) rhodolith (Boreolithothamnion glaciale) density and wave velocity on rhodolith displacement and abrasion over a hard substratum and (2) rhodolith density on rhodolith displacement and the stability of underlying sediment. We established that on a hard substratum, (1) a threshold wave velocity of ~0.3 m s−1 is required to induce noticeable displacement in average‐sized rhodoliths and (2) rhodolith abrasion increases (quasi‐linearly) with wave velocity up to this threshold. We also showed that (3) for a same rhodolith density, rhodolith displacement is at least two times smaller on a sedimentary than hard substratum and (4) the loss of sediment underneath rhodoliths decreases (quasi‐linearly) with an increase in rhodolith density. Rates documented and strong scaling with changes in water motion and rhodolith density indicate that relatively small changes in the density of rhodoliths or hydrodynamic forces can quickly destabilize rhodolith bed frameworks and underlying sediment. These rates can be used to develop predictive models of change in rhodolith bed distribution and abundance that can in turn inform development of more accurate, science‐based rhodolith bed conservation strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: Around 20% of cancer patients will develop brain metastases (BrMs), with 15–25% occurring in the posterior fossa (PF). Although the effectiveness of systemic therapies is increasing, surgery followed by stereotactic radiosurgery (S+SRS) versus definitive SRS remains the mainstay of treatment. Given the space restrictions within the PF, patients with BrMs in this location are at higher risk of brainstem compression, hydrocephalus, herniation, coma, and death. However, the criteria for treating large PF BrMs with S+SRS versus definitive SRS remains unclear. Methods: We reviewed a prospective registry database (2009 to 2020) and identified 64 patients with large PF BrMs (≥4 cc) treated with SRS or S+SRS. Clinical and radiological parameters were analyzed. The two endpoints were overall survival (OS) and local failure (LF). Results: Patients in the S+SRS group were more highly symptomatic than patients in the SRS group. Gait imbalance and intracranial pressure symptoms were 97% and 80%, and 47% and 35% for S+SRS and SRS, respectively. Radiologically, there were significant differences in the mean volume of the lesions [6.7 cm3 in SRS vs. 29.8 cm3 in the S+SRS cohort, (p < 0.001)]; compression of the fourth ventricle [47% in SRS vs. 96% in S+SRS cohort, (p < 0.001)]; and hydrocephalus [0% in SRS vs. 29% in S+SRS cohort, (p < 0.001)]. Patients treated with S+SRS had a higher Graded Prognostic Assessment (GPA). LF was 12 and 17 months for SRS and S+SRS, respectively. Moreover, the S+SRS group had improved OS (12 vs. 26 months, p = 0.001). Conclusions: A higher proportion of patients treated with S+SRS presented with hydrocephalus, fourth-ventricle compression, and larger lesion volumes. SRS-alone patients had a lower KPS, a lower GPA, and more brain metastases. S+SRS correlated with improved OS, suggesting that it should be seriously considered for patients with large PF-BrM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reliability of blood pressure (BP) measured during submaximal and maximal exercise, and confounding effects of biological sex, remain to be fully established but have implications for using exercise BP as a cardiovascular risk factor. We hypothesize that exercise BP test-retest reliability will not differ between sexes but will be higher during submaximal compared to maximal exercise. Eighty-four participants (22 ± 5 yr; 36 females) completed two maximal treadmill tests (modified Bruce protocol) separated by ≥2 days. Exercise BP was measured every 90 s using automated auscultation (Tango M2 monitor). Breath-by-breath oxygen uptake was analyzed. Test-retest reliability was assessed using two-way, mixed-effects, consistency, single-rater intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) analysis on the total group and separated by sex at submaximal and maximal exercise. Systolic BP during submaximal (ICC = 0.65 [0.49–0.76], P < 0.01) and maximal (ICC = 0.66 [0.52–0.77], P < 0.01) exercise both displayed substantial reliability between visits. In contrast, the SBP/MET slope showed poor submaximal (ICC = 0.12 [−0.09–0.33], P = 0.13) but substantial maximal (ICC = 0.63 [0.48–0.75], P < 0.01) exercise reliability. Females showed substantial reliability in submaximal systolic BP (ICC = 0.73 [0.53–0.85], P < 0.01) and peak systolic BP (ICC = 0.74 [0.54–0.87], P < 0.01) and SBP/MET slope (ICC = 0.78 [0.60–0.88], P < 0.01); the submaximal SBP/MET slope had fair reliability (ICC = 0.28 [−0.06–0.56], P = 0.05). Males showed moderate reliability in submaximal systolic BP (ICC = 0.53 [0.26–0.72], P < 0.01) and peak systolic BP (ICC = 0.41 [0.15–0.62], P < 0.01) and SBP/MET slope (ICC = 0.48 [0.22–0.67], P < 0.01); the submaximal SBP/MET slope had poor reliability (ICC = 0.06 [−0.18–0.31], P = 0.32). Systolic BP showed similar reliability during submaximal and maximal exercise, with females demonstrating higher reliability in exercise systolic BP compared to males. NEW & NOTEWORTHY: Limited work has assessed the reliability of exercise blood pressure (BP) in young healthy males and females. Our results demonstrate that systolic BP test-retest reliability did not differ between submaximal and maximal exercise. Sex-specific analysis found that females had higher reliability in exercise systolic BP than males. Despite the acceptable average reliability, exercise BP measured using automated auscultation possesses wide confidence intervals, which impact sample size requirements in future trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This account of practice offers reflections and insights on facilitating Action Learning (AL) in Leadership Programmes within the Higher Education context. The account shares our reflections and key observations as practitioner academics, facilitating AL Sets within three higher education leadership programmes. We draw on our knowledge and expertise as facilitators of learning and development in the AL and leadership space. Our reflections have highlighted two key themes in our facilitation experience. First, the autonomy of learning and the significance of AL participants' voice. Second, creating a shift from task-focus to people-focus through the use of metaphor and visualisation as a means of enquiry. This account will be of relevance to practitioner and academics engaged in leadership development and those involved in the facilitation of AL who may consider adopting AL as a part of a managerial leadership programme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To explore the insights of adults and children at a New Zealand primary school adopting nonlinear pedagogical approaches to physical education (PE). Methods: This case study was conducted at a single primary school and utilized a qualitative methods design, including interviews or focus groups with the principal, five teachers, and four children. Results: A general inductive approach to analysis identified 11 themes including: empowering teachers and children (principal), letting go of control (teachers), and ownership (children). Discussion/Conclusion: Our findings suggest that a principal's perceived need for change is important to facilitate school wide change to PE practices. Teachers can successfully adopt PE teaching approaches that align with contemporary pedagogy literature through in situ professional development, resulting in positive PE experiences for children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Intense pyrethroid resistance threatens the effectiveness of the primary vector control intervention, insecticide-treated nets (ITNs), in Nigeria, the country with the largest malaria burden globally. In this study, the epidemiological and entomological impact of a new type of ITN (piperonyl-butoxide [PBO] ITNs) distributed in Ebonyi State were evaluated. The epidemiological impact was also compared to the impact of standard pyrethroid-only ITNs in Cross River State. Methods: A controlled interrupted time series analysis was conducted on monthly malaria incidence data collected at the health facility level, using a multilevel mixed-effects negative binomial model. Data were analysed two years before and after the PBO ITN campaign in Ebonyi State (December 2017 to November 2021). A pre-post analysis, with no comparison group, was used to assess the impact of PBO ITNs on human biting rates and indoor resting density in Ebonyi during the high transmission season immediately before and after the PBO ITN campaign. Results: In Ebonyi, PBO ITNs were associated with a 46.7% decrease (95%CI: -51.5, -40.8%; p < 0.001) in malaria case incidence in the 2 years after the PBO ITN distribution compared to a modelled scenario of no ITNs distributed, with a significant decrease from 269.6 predicted cases per 1000 population to 143.6. In Cross River, there was a significant 28.6% increase (95%CI: -10.4, 49.1%; p < 0.001) in malaria case incidence following the standard ITN distribution, with an increase from 71.2 predicted cases per 1000 population to 91.6. In Ebonyi, the human biting rate was 72% lower (IRR: 0.28; 95%CI 0.21, 0.39; p < 0.001) and indoor resting density was 73% lower (IRR: 0.27; 95%CI 0.21, 0.35; p < 0.001) after the PBO ITNs were distributed. Conclusions: The epidemiological and entomological impact of the PBO ITNs underscore the impact of these ITNs in areas with confirmed pyrethroid resistance. These findings contribute to ongoing research on the impact of new types of ITNs in Nigeria, providing critical evidence for the Nigeria National Malaria Elimination Programme and other countries for future ITN procurement decisions as part of mass ITN campaign planning and malaria programming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solidification models are key during simulation of several industrial processes involving thermoplastics. For simplicity, crystallinity is often not considered within these models, despite it being responsible for the phase transition. Several advanced methods, which consider crystallinity as the onset of solidification have been proposed in literature however, these have primarily been applied to classical homopolymers such as polypropylene (PP). The focus of this study is to develop a model that can capture the rheological response observed during the transition from liquid‐like to solid‐like behavior in injection molding grade polyetheretherketone (PEEK) due to crystallinity. Isothermal rheological experiments are performed alongside dynamic scanning calorimetry (DSC) characterization to correlate relative crystallinity to the apparent increase in viscosity. The model is extended to nonisothermal processes through the incorporation of the Nakamura model. Nonisothermal crystallization rheology experiments are performed and compared with a simulation of the oscillating rheometer process for validation. The modeled viscosity response and crystallization half‐time reproduced the experimental data with sufficient accuracy at low cooling rates, with an error of less than 5% up to cooling rates of 20°C min−1. This shows that the method is an accurate means of obtaining the rheological response during crystallization in a numerical simulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Approximately one‐third of US adults have a tattoo, and the prevalence is increasing. Tattooing can result in long‐term exposure to carcinogens and inflammatory and immune responses. Methods: We examined tattooing and risk of hematologic cancers in a population‐based case–control study with 820 cases diagnosed 2019–2021 and 8200 frequency‐matched controls, ages 18–79 years. We calculated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using multivariable‐adjusted logistic regression models. Results: The prevalence of tattooing was 22% among Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) cases, 11% among non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) cases, 16% among myeloid neoplasm cases, and 15% among controls. Though there were no clear patterns of associations between ever receiving a tattoo and risk of HL, NHL, or myeloid neoplasms overall, in analyses restricted to ages 20–60 years, ever receiving a tattoo (OR 2.06 [95% CI 1.01, 4.20]) and receiving a tattoo 10+ years prior (OR 2.64 [95% CI 1.23, 5.68]) were associated with an aggregated group of rarer mature B‐cell NHLs. We also observed elevated risks for a 10+ year latency for myelodysplastic syndromes and chronic myeloid leukemia (OR 1.48 [95% CI 0.40, 5.41], and OR 1.24 [95% CI 0.45, 3.43], respectively). Conclusions: Though estimates were imprecise, we found some suggestive evidence that tattooing may be associated with an increased risk of certain hematologic cancer subtypes. With an estimated 46% prevalence of tattooing in US individuals ages 30–49, additional studies are needed to understand the degree to which these exposures may be associated with hematologic cancer risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), many countries are implementing restrictive regulations to reduce antimicrobial use (AMU) in animal production. Although these measures are effective at the national level, their implementation may generate challenges for producers and veterinarians. The objective of this study was to explore the barriers and facilitators of implementing a new regulation restricting the use of antimicrobials of very high importance for human health in the dairy production sector in the province of Québec, Canada. Individual interviews were conducted with fifteen veterinarians and twenty-seven dairy producers. Thematic analysis was performed based on the COM-B model of behavior change (capability-opportunity-motivation-behavior). Our results indicated that the lack of availability of alternative treatments, the long delays related to diagnostic tests and the fear of economic consequences were major barriers to the implementation of the regulation. A small number of producers also perceived that the regulation negatively impacted the health and wellbeing of their animals. Additionally, participants acknowledged the importance of early education and training to better understand the purpose of the regulation and increase its acceptability. Lastly, most participants reported that they had not only reduced their use of antimicrobials of very high importance for human health following the regulation, but they had also increased preventive practices on their farm. This study reveals that the implementation of restrictive regulations to reduce AMU in animal production can lead to multiple challenges in practice. Our results highlight the need for better communication and training of producers and veterinarians before and during the implementation of similar regulations in the future and underline the importance of measuring the direct and indirect impacts of those regulations on productivity and on animal health and wellbeing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thomas Reid famously claimed that our perceptual experiences reveal what primary qualities are in themselves, while providing us with only an obscure notion of secondary qualities. I maintain that this claim is largely correct and that, consequently, any adequate theory of perception must explain the fact that perceptual experiences provide significantly less insight into the nature of secondary qualities than into the nature of primary qualities. I maintain that neither naïve realism nor the standard Russellian variety of the content view can provide a satisfying explanation; instead, in order to provide a satisfying explanation, we must posit that perceptual experiences represent properties via Fregean modes of presentation. Further, I maintain that we must depart from the standard Fregean variety of the content view in two important respects. First, the relevant modes of presentation must be characterized without appealing to causal relations between perceptual experiences and perceived properties; and second, we must posit that primary and secondary qualities are represented via modes of presentation of different kinds. The resulting view is that primary qualities are represented via perceptual modes of presentation analogous to highly detailed descriptions, while secondary qualities are represented via perceptual modes of presentation analogous to impoverished descriptions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fungi have a unique metabolic plasticity allowing them to produce a wide range of natural products. Since the discovery of penicillin, an antibiotic of fungal origin, substantial efforts have been devoted globally to search for fungal-derived natural bioactive products. Andean region forests represent one of the few undisturbed ecosystems in the world with little human intervention. While these forests display a rich biological diversity, mycological and chemical studies in these environments have been scarce. This review aims to summarise all the efforts regarding the chemical or bioactivity analyses of Agaricomycetes (Basidiomycota) from southern South America environments. Overall, herein we report a total of 147 fungal species, 21 of them showing chemical characterisation and/or biological activity. In terms of chemical cores, furans, chlorinated phenol derivatives, polyenes, lactones, terpenes and himanimides have been reported. These natural products displayed a range of biological activities including antioxidant, antimicrobial, antifungal, neuroprotective and osteoclast-forming suppressing effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exaggerated blood pressure (BP) responses during exercise are independently associated with future development of hypertension. Partial sleep deprivation (PSD) can increase 24-h ambulatory BP, but the effects on exercise BP are unclear. We hypothesized that acute PSD would augment the BP response to constant load cycling exercise and a 20-min time trial. Twenty-two healthy adults (22 ± 3 yr old; 13 males; V̇ o 2peak, 43.6 ± 8.2 mL·kg−1·min−1) completed a randomized crossover trial in which they either slept normally (normal sleep-wake schedule for each participant) or sleep was partially deprived (early awakening, 40% of normal sleep duration). Each participant completed a 12-min warm-up consisting of two 6-min steps (step 1, 62 ± 25 W; step 2, 137 ± 60 W) followed by a 20-min time trial on a cycle ergometer. PSD did not alter power output during the 20-min time trial [(control vs. PSD) 170 ± 68 vs. 168 ± 68 W, P = 0.65]. Systolic BP did not differ during step 1 of the warm-up (141 ± 15 vs. 137 ± 12 mmHg, P = 0.39) but was lower following PSD during step 2 (165 ± 21 vs. 159 ± 22 mmHg, P = 0.004) and the 20-min time trial (171 ± 20 vs. 164 ± 23 mmHg, P < 0.001). These results were maintained when peak oxygen uptake (V̇ o 2peak) was included as a covariate. Systolic BP responses were modulated by sex (time × visit × sex interaction P = 0.03), with attenuated systolic BP during the warm-up and the 20-min time trial in males but not in females. In contrast to our hypothesis, acute PSD attenuates systolic BP responses during constant load and 20-min time trial cycling exercise; however, these observations appear to be primarily driven by changes in males. NEW & NOTEWORTHY: A single night of partial sleep deprivation (PSD) can increase ambulatory blood pressure (BP) the following day. Despite this phenomenon, the present study found that acute PSD attenuates systolic BP responses to both constant load cycling and a 20-min cycling time trial in young healthy adults. Interestingly, the attenuated systolic BP responses following PSD appeared to be modulated by sex such that attenuations were observed in males but not in females. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wisconsin is the world's leading producer of cranberries (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.; 2n = 2x = 24). The state produces over twenty-thousand acres that contribute to more than 50% of the global total production, with more than one billion dollars in value. Cranberry growers in the "central sands" of Wisconsin have been experiencing yield decline due to vegetative unproductive genotypes, popularly known as "Barren Berry", which consistently remain vegetative and produce no fruit. The purpose of this study was to compare visual inspection in the field to DNA fingerprinting for the early detection of unproductive/barren genotypes. Additionally, the study served as a survey of unproductive genotypes in central Wisconsin, the largest growing region in the world. A total of 839 cranberry leaf samples, from 14 growers representing plantings to four cultivated varieties, were submitted for DNA testing of two visually determined phenotypes: unproductive or barren (n = 646; those that produced little to no fruit), versus productive or fruiting (n = 193). We conducted genetic fingerprinting on the leaf tissue using nine microsatellite markers previously shown to differentiate cranberry genotypes. This study identified a barren berry genotype unique to central Wisconsin, which we denoted "Barren Berry 1". This genotype accounted for 43% of samples submitted as the barren berry phenotype. Genetic fingerprinting revealed sixty-five different genotypes in beds which were thought to be monocultures of just four cultivated genotypes. Early detection of genetic contamination through visual inspection, genetic testing, and responsible propagation can drastically aid in the management and longevity of cranberry beds, and in turn save time and money to the growers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The highly homologous T‐box transcription factors TBX2 and TBX3 are critical for embryonic development, and their overexpression in postnatal tissues contributes to a wide range of malignancies, including melanoma and rhabdomyosarcoma. Importantly, when TBX2 and TBX3 are depleted in cancers where they are overexpressed, the malignant phenotype is inhibited, and they have therefore been regarded as druggable targets. However, the time and costs associated with de novo drug development are challenging and result in drugs that are costly, especially for patients in low‐ and middle‐income countries. In the current study, we therefore combined a targeted and drug repurposing approach to identify drugs that are expected to be more efficacious and cost‐effective with significantly reduced side effects. Methods: A high‐throughput cell‐based immunofluorescence screen was performed to identify drugs in the Pharmakon 1600 drug library that can negatively regulate TBX2 and/or TBX3 levels. "Hit" drugs were validated for their effect on TBX2/TBX3 levels and cytotoxicity in TBX2/TBX3‐dependent melanoma and rhabdomyosarcoma cells. To this end, immunofluorescence, western blotting, quantitative real‐time PCR, and MTT cell viability assays were performed. Results: Niclosamide, piroctone olamine, and pyrvinium pamoate, were identified as TBX2 and/or TBX3‐targeting drugs, and they exhibited cytotoxicity in a TBX2/TBX3‐dependent manner. Furthermore, these "Hit" drugs were shown to induce senescence and/or apoptosis. Conclusions: Niclosamide, piroctone olamine, and pyrvinium pamoate are promising, cost‐effective therapeutic agents for the treatment of TBX2/TBX3‐dependent cancers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Readability of patient-facing information of oral antibiotics detailed in the WHO all oral short (6 months, 9 months) has not been described to date. The aim of this study was therefore to examine (i) how readable patient-facing TB antibiotic information is compared to readability reference standards and (ii) if there are differences in readability between high-incidence countries versus low-incidence countries. Methods: Ten antibiotics, including bedaquiline, clofazimine, ethambutol, ethionamide, isoniazid, levofloxacin, linezolid, moxifloxacin, pretomanid, pyrazinamide, were investigated. TB antibiotic information sources were examined, consisting of 85 Patient Information Leaflets (PILs) and 40 antibiotic web resouces. Of these 85 PILs, 72 were taken from the National Medicines Regulator from six countries (3 TB high-incidence [Rwanda, Malaysia, South Africa] + 3 TB low-incidence [UK, Ireland, Malta] countries). Readability data was grouped into three categories, including (i) high TB-incidence countries (n = 33 information sources), (ii) low TB-incidence countries (n = 39 information sources) and (iii) web information (n = 53). Readability was calculated using Readable software, to obtain four readability scores [(i) Flesch Reading Ease (FRE), (ii) Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL), (iii) Gunning Fog Index and (iv) SMOG Index], as well as two text metrics [words/sentence, syllables/word]. Results: Mean readability scores of patient-facing TB antibiotic information for FRE and FKGL, were 47.4 ± 12.6 (sd) (target ≥ 60) and 9.2 ± 2.0 (target ≤ 8.0), respectively. There was no significant difference in readability between low incidence countries and web resources, but there was significantly poorer readability associated with PILs from high incidence countries versus low incidence countries (FRE; p = 0.0056: FKGL; p = 0.0095). Conclusions: Readability of TB antibiotic PILs is poor. Improving readability of PILs should be an important objective when preparing patient-facing written materials, thereby improving patient health/treatment literacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]