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Objective: To compare the functional and radiological outcomes of treatment of volar Barton’s fractures using T plate with and without distal end screws. Methods: This randomized control trial was conducted at the department of Orthopedics, Mayo Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan from December 2021 to May 2022. Total 60 patients (30 in each group) were randomly allocated to either group A (T-Plate with distal end screws) or B (T-Plate without distal end screws). Patients were followed up on day-0, day-14, day-28 and day-90. Assessments of patients were done by Green O’Brien Score for pain, Modified Warden Score for callus formation on radiographs at 12-weeks of follow-up and Stewart Score for displacement of fracture. Results: At 90th day, significant difference was seen in Green O’Brien Score (Excellent score: Group-A: 80% vs. Group-B: 90%, p=0.278) while Stewart scores remained comparable (Excellent Score: Group-A: 93.33% vs. Group-B: 96.67%, p=0.221) between treatment groups. Fracture healing assessed with Modified Warden score for score 4 did not show significant difference between both groups at 90th day. i.e. (Group-A: 96.67% vs. Group-B: 96.67%). However, callus formation assessed with Modified Warden score for score 3 showed significant differences between groups at 90th day. i.e. (Group-A: 53.33% vs. Group-B: 86.67%, p=0.001). Conclusion: Both treatment approaches appear to yield comparable outcomes in terms of clinical assessment, Stewart scores, and fracture healing, with a potential advantage for T-plate without distal end screw in callus formation at the 90th day. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The optoelectronic properties of doped BaSiO3-based semiconductors play a very significant role in modern optoelectronic devices. We provide key insights into their versatility and potential in developing technologies by analyzing their structural, electrical, elastic, optical and thermoelectric properties using Wien2k software and GGA + U method. The aim of this research is to enhance the usability of complex resources for new and practical applications. We begin our analysis by applying Birch-Murnaghan fitting to study the structural features of BaSiO3 crystals doped with Er3+ and Yb3+. This study explores the structural, electronic, and thermoelectric enhancements of BaSiO₃ semiconductors doped with Er3⁺ and Yb3⁺. Through detailed analysis, we have identified critical modifications in the lattice parameters and crystal structures, confirming an improvement in general stability and functionality. Notably, doping has effectively reduced the energy band gap from 1.12 eV in undoped BaSiO₃ to a metallic state, optimizing the material for optoelectronic applications. The introduction of Er3⁺ significantly increases optical absorption and reduces the optical band gap, while Yb3⁺ extends absorption into the near-infrared spectrum. Both dopants particularly enhance the thermoelectric properties of BaSiO₃, with a marked increase in the power factor. Additionally, these doped materials show substantial absorption of ultraviolet photons and moderate reflection across infrared and visible spectra. The findings from this research position Er3⁺ and Yb3⁺ doped BaSiO₃ as promising materials for advanced thermoelectric and optoelectronic applications, suggesting potential for significant technological advancements in energy-efficient devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The assessment of long-term stability is a crucial factor in the context of pseudocapacitive materials. However, doping has been found to be an effective method for enhancing the stability and capacitive properties of materials. This investigation objective was to determine the Ce doping effect on MnAl2O4 material for electrochemical properties. The outstanding electrochemical properties of Ce-doped MnAl2O4 material can be ascribed to its intrinsic characteristics, such as its crystal structure, morphology and high surface area. This enhancement can be attributed to the improved BET surface area (93.82 m2 g−1) and the presence of a mesoporous structure. Furthermore, specific capacitances (Csp) of Ce-doped MnAl2O4 were found to be 1313.79 F g−1, with energy density of 45.25 Wh kg−1 and enhanced power density of 249 W kg−1 at 1 A g−1, indicating a promising electrochemical performance. Moreover, the Ce-doped MnAl2O4 electrode demonstrates exceptional cyclability, maintaining its performance over 5000 consecutive cycles, while also exhibit low impedance characteristics (Rct = 0.15 Ω). The current investigation explores a potential novel method to produce distinctive Ce-doped MnAl2O4 electrode materials, which are promising candidates with long-term cycling stability and high energy density for application in supercapacitors (SCs). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigating efficient electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is an essential aspect of numerous energy revolution systems that involve water electrolysis. Spinel structure has garnered substantial interest as OER catalysts due to their abundance in the Earth, and ability to adjust electronic properties. As the doping plays a decisive role in fine-tuning the structure and controlling size, ultimately enhancing intrinsic activities. Herin, the performance of spinel SnMn2O4 was significantly improved by incorporating Sm doping during the synthesis process, which was done using a cost-effective and efficient hydrothermal method. Nano-flakes morphology exhibited higher surface area which provide higher number of active sites. Sm-doped SnMn2O4 catalyst showed a remarkable over potential of 212 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and a Tafel slope of 37 mV dec–1. Sm-doped SnMn2O4 catalyst exhibited exceptional stability after 5000th cycle and less impedance characteristics. Moreover, results indicated that the addition of Sm dopant caused an increase in surface area and conductivity with significant development in OER activity of catalysts. This study offers enhanced OER catalysts with a broader perspective on the relation between the structure and activity of spinel for more effective energy generation devices for real-life applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current study, samples were taken from the sewage treatment plant to isolate rubber-degrading microbial strains. The sludge samples were screened for rubber degradation microbes and later on, each strain was separately characterised for rubber degradation. Initially, strain BA23 showed half the rubber degradation ratio in mineral salt medium. The isolated microbial strains were identified based on 16SrRNA gene sequence analysis, morphological and biochemical characteristics and named Brucella sp. belonging to the genus Bacillus. Later on, the medium conditions for strain BA23 were optimised based on carbon, nitrogen sources, pH, temperature and incubation period. After optimising various environmental and nutritional conditions, the rubber degradation increased twice when inorganic nitrogen sources (aammonium nitrate) used 1 g/L in the medium at pH 7.5. Furthermore, the structural changes that occurred in the rubber polymer associated with the rubber polymer were analysed through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and the breakdown of important functional groups such as aldehyde, ketone ester and carboxylic acid was observed. Finally, the gravimetric weight loss of CO2 during rubber degradation was 42.88 g/L, showing CO2 evolution greatly when the rubber degradation occurred in the mineral salt medium. It was concluded that strain BA23 has a maximum potential for rubber degradation when it is used for future solid waste management of rubber and its products for a long period in the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sugarcane midrib red rot caused by Colletotrichum falcatum is widespread in China. Standardizing the resistance evaluation methods and screening resistant varieties against this disease is crucial. C. falcatum was determined as the causal agent of midrib red rot by isolating and identifying pathogenic fungi from diseased leaves in Guangxi, China. A field trial of 237 sugarcane genotypes was conducted for three consecutive years to investigate disease incidence and indices for three experimental sites in Guangxi. The combined analysis of variance showed that disease incidence was significantly affected by genotype, year, location and their interactions. Cluster and discriminant analysis showed that 237 sugarcane genotypes were classified into five categories, including 20 as highly resistant, 82 as resistant, 71 as moderately susceptible, 46 as susceptible and 18 as highly susceptible. This study has enhanced our understanding of sugarcane resistance to midrib red rot, selected disease‐resistant parents and laid the foundation for developing elite disease‐resistant varieties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study displays the effect of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanofiller and polystyrene‐b‐poly(ethylene‐ran‐butylene)‐b‐polystyrene‐grafted maleic anhydride (SEBS‐g‐MA) on the optical, thermal, and mechanical features of expanded polystyrene (EPS). First, the thin films of pristine EPS and composites were prepared using solution cast method. The prepared films were subjected to fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR), SEM, UV–visible spectrophotometer, thermogravimetric analysis/differential scanning calorimetry, and universal testing machine for structural, morphological, optical, thermal, and mechanical characterizations. Optical study revealed a significant increase in refractive index and absorption of composites than EPS. Indirect band‐gap energy of EPS (~4.08 eV) was reduced to ~1.61 eV for rGO composite and ~ 2.23 eV for composite composed of rGO and SEBS‐g‐MA. Thermal analyses presented improvement in characterization temperatures such as T10, T50, Tp, Tm, and Tg of composites, which ultimately lead to the thermal stability of prepared composites than pristine EPS. Stress–strain curves displayed higher yield strength (46.62 MPa), Young's modulus (96.29 MPa), and strain at break (0.54%) for EPS+rGO composite than pure EPS having stress at break (1.01 MPa), Young's modulus (12.44 MPa), and strain at break (0.08%). Moreover, ductility with relatively higher strain at break (0.61%) and lower Young's modulus (79.32 MPa) and yield strength (32.98 MPa) was noticed in EPS+rGO+SEBS‐g‐MA composite than EPS+rGO composite film. Morphological analysis revealed a change in globular morphology of EPS and inhomogeneous dispersion of rGO in EPS to homogeneously dispersed rGO in EPS matrix without globules owing to the addition of SEBS‐g‐MA. The increase in compatibility of EPS and rGO due to SEBS‐g‐MA was also observed in FTIR spectra. Research Highlights: Here, the solution casting approach was used to create the composite film of EPS and rGO with globules of various sizes.After adding SEBS‐g‐MA, the shape altered to globular free films exhibiting homogenous dispersion of rGO in EPS matrix.An optical investigation showed that composite materials had a significantly higher refractive index and absorption than EPS.The optical, thermal, and mechanical investigations suggest that the produced composites may be a great substitute for virgin EPS, allowing for a wider range of applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, the vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs) have a tremendous potential for power production in those areas where the wind speed is comparable low. Performance of Darrieus VAWT generally depends on various operational conditions such as aspect ratio, blade numbers, hot climate condition, impact of dust, impact of rain, impact of humidity and other various geometrical shapes. In this research study, the impact of hot climate conditions on the performance of Darrieus type VAWT using Two-Dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) analysis is introduced for the first time. The CFD analyses were performed at various inflow air temperatures with different tip speed ratio (TSR). There are different performance parameters i.e., power coefficient, torque coefficient and power outputs were calculated at different inflow air temperature with various TSR. The results disclosed that highest values of power coefficient (Cp) and torque coefficient (CT) were obtained as 48.9% and 32% at TSR of 2.5 and 2.0, respectively. It was also determined that the performance of wind turbine reduces with increasing air inflow temperature. The highest and lowest Cp values at 2.5 of TSR and 15 °C and 60 °C of temperatures were 48.9% and 30%, respectively. Moreover, the maximum and minimum values of power generation were 2544 W and 2127 W at 15 °C and 60 °C, correspondingly. This study concluded that hot climate condition is a vital meteorological factor that will be essential consideration in the design and optimization of Darrieus type VAWT in the future. This work is significantly useful for urban applications where wind direction can change rapidly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Researchers have focused on fabricating energy storage equipment to tackle global energy concerns. The energy storage systems including capacitors and batteries have several limitation because of their poor electrochemical performance. The electrode material’s suitability for supercapacitor depends on its ability to improve electrochemical performance and stability. In this work, CuS@g-CN (graphitic carbon nitride) composite was developed via a hydrothermal approach. Several analytical techniques were utilized to determine performance of the prepared CuS@g-CN composite. The specific capacitance of CuS@g-CN composite was 996 F/g which displayed stability after 10,000th cycles with a retention of 93% calculated from galvanostatic charge–discharge profiles. A charge transfer resistance of 1.18 Ω of CuS@g-CN composite was found relatively lower than individual materials calculated from the Nyquist plot. The nitrogen-rich structure of g-CN permits rapid ion transportation and the presence of multiple transition metals led to improved electrochemical effectiveness. The enhanced characteristics of CuS@g-CN composite render it suitable for incorporation into future energy storage devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the predictive role of speculative sentiment on gold market volatility and its economic implications. Utilizing high frequency data for gold futures and speculative sentiment proxies for the gold and stock markets, we show that incorporating speculative sentiment in volatility models can improve volatility forecasts both in- and out-of-sample. While gold market sentiment helps improve the predictive accuracy of volatility models primarily in the short run, we show that cross-market speculative sentiment from the stock market has predictive ability at relatively longer forecast horizons. More importantly, incorporating speculative sentiment proxies in volatility models yields improved cumulative returns as well as Sharpe ratios for investors who allocate part of their portfolios in this traditional safe haven asset. Finally, examining the predictability of asymmetric risk patterns, we show that speculative sentiment in the gold market matters relatively more for good volatility forecasts and in the short and intermediate forecast horizons, while cross-market sentiment effect from the stock market generally applies to longer term forecasts for both the good and bad volatility metrics. Overall, our findings show that speculative sentiment contains significant incremental information over subsequent volatility patterns in gold, offering sizeable economic gains for a mean-variance investor in a practical investment setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-performance microwave-absorbing composites have attracted considerable attention in the field of electronic technology and telecommunications. These materials utilize stoichiometric combinations of components to enhance the magnetic parameters and reduce dielectric losses. In this work, microwave emulsion was used to synthesize magnetic nanocomposites with different concentrations of MgFe2O4 nanoparticles in polystyrene (PST). Samples of pure ferrite and PST were mixed in various amounts to form a ferrite polymer (FP-1, FP-2, FP-3, and FP-4, with 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% ferrite, respectively). These composites were characterized using x-ray diffraction (XRD), dielectric characteristics, and vibrating-sample magnetometry (VSM). The XRD results showed that MgFe2O4 particles were evenly dispersed throughout single-phase PST. The crystallite size increased from 2 nm to 44 nm by mixing ferrites in PST. The dielectric properties were reduced as the percentage was decreased. The VSM tests indicated that all nanocomposites showed narrow loops and ferromagnetic behavior. The magnetic parameters decreased by adding the PST in magnesium ferrite components. The saturation magnetization decreased from 70 emu/g to 18 emu/g, remanence magnetization decreased from 21 emu/g to 5 emu/g, and coercivity decreased from 38 Oe to 8 Oe. All the above parameter results suggest that due to the high dielectric loss at high frequencies, magnesium spinel ferrites may be suitable for microwave absorption applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Noble metals such as gold (Au), zinc (Zn), and iron (Fe) are highly significant in both fundamental and technological contexts owing to their applications in optoelectronics, optical coatings, transparent coatings, photodetectors, light-emitting devices, photovoltaics, nanotechnology, batteries, and thermal barrier coatings. This study presents a comprehensive investigation of the optoelectronic properties of Fe(111) and Au, Zn/Fe(111) materials using density functional theory (DFT) first-principles method with a focus on both materials' spin orientations. The optoelectronic properties were obtained employing the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) and the full-potential linearized augmented plane wave (FP-LAPW) approach, integrating the exchange–correlation function with the Hubbard potential U for improved accuracy. The arrangement of Fe(111) and Au, Zn/Fe(111) materials was found to lack an energy gap, indicating a metallic behavior in both the spin-up state and the spin-down state. The optical properties of Fe(111) and Au, Zn/Fe(111) materials, including their absorption coefficient, reflectivity, energy-loss function, refractive index, extinction coefficient, and optical conductivity, were thoroughly examined for both spin channels in the spectral region from 0.0 eV to 14 eV. The calculations revealed significant spin-dependent effects in the optical properties of the materials. Furthermore, this study explored the properties of the electronic bonding between several species in Fe(111) and Au, Zn/Fe(111) materials by examining the density distribution mapping of charge within the crystal symmetries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a dynamic financial ecosystem, digitalisation is supporting banks in revamping their business processes to be more efficient, reducing costs, coping with customers' evolving demands, and keeping them abreast of market competition. This two-stage research aims to investigate three issues in Pakistan's banking industry from 2006 to 2020: (i) banking efficiency; (ii) the impact of digitalisation on banking efficiency; and (iii) banking efficiency's absolute and conditional convergence. In our first-stage analysis, bootstrap data envelopment analysis has been applied, which exhibits bias-corrected overall, pure, and scale efficiencies of 74, 77, and 96%, respectively. In the second-stage analysis, we executed Tobit and two-step dynamic panel data system generalised method of moments (DPDSYS-GMM) models, and the results uncover that digitalisation has a positive influence on banking efficiency. Findings confirm that return on assets, bank size, interest rate, and gross domestic product growth rate have a positive association with banking efficiency. Our research reveals that state-controlled banks outperform their private sector and special-purpose counterparts. Our DPDSYS-GMM findings validate β and σ-convergence, implying that initially, low-efficient banks caught up (converged) to the more efficient opponents, reducing cross-sectional efficiency dispersion and attaining common equilibrium. The findings of banking efficiency conditional β-convergence assert that the adoption of digital technology has played a critical role in the convergence process and that digitalisation has acted as a catalyst for less efficient banks to catch up significantly faster to their more efficient rivals. This study displays digitalisation's disruptive influence on the overall transformation of Pakistan's banking system in the modern era, resulting in significant efficiency gains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growing material for optoelectronics, thermoelectric and renewable energy applications includes Ge1−xBixTe (x = 12% and 24%). So, by using DFT and WEIN2k code, we calculated the electronic, optical and also thermoelectric properties of Ge1−xBixTe (x = 12% and 24%). In GGA and GGA + SO, the band structures are studied which shows metallic nature. The entire geometric optimization process was carried out based on the cell parameters. Obtained results suggested that Ge1−xBixTe (x = 12% and 24%) exhibits a predominantly metallic behavior. From through study of electronic charge density, we verified that the nature of examined material is primarily metallic. Bottom of the conduction and top of valence bands are due to Bi, Ge-p and Ti-p/s orbitals with minimal contributions of Bi-s orbitals states. We estimated optical parameters like optical conductivity, absorption coefficient, dielectric function, reflectivity coefficient, loss function, and refractive index for the polarized incident radiation. Finally, we calculated thermoelectric attributes like seebeck coefficient and others with the use of Boltzmann transport theory. The calculated optical and thermoelectric properties suggested that the doped system could be a potential material for optoelectronic applications with high absorption coefficient values in visible and ultraviolet region. This research provides valuable insights into the potential use of Ge1-xBixTe for both x = 12% and 24% by using GGA + SO as promising candidate for renewable energy applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a cognitive radio network (CRN)-based hybrid wideband precoding for maximizing spectral efficiency in millimeter-wave relay-assisted multi-user (MU) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. The underlying problem is NP-hard and non-convex due to the joint optimization of hybrid processing components and the constant amplitude constraint imposed by the analog beamformer in the radio frequency (RF) domain. Furthermore, the analog beamforming solution common to all sub-carriers adds another layer of design complexity. Two hybrid beamforming architectures, i.e., mixed and fully connected ones, are taken into account to tackle this problem, considering the decode-and-forward (DF) relay node. To reduce the complexity of the original optimization problem, an attempt is made to decompose it into sub-problems. Leveraging this, each sub-problem is addressed by following a decoupled design methodology. The phase-only beamforming solution is derived to maximize the sum of spectral efficiency, while digital baseband processing components are designed to keep interference within a predefined limit. Computer simulations are conducted by changing system parameters under different accuracy levels of channel-state information (CSI), and the obtained results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed technique. Additionally, the mixed structure shows better energy efficiency performance compared to its counterparts and outperforms benchmarks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to meet the demands of humanity and address the global environmental situation, it is imperative that we explore alternative energy sources and advance energy storage technology. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of Nd-doping on the structural and electrochemical performance of FeAl2O4 nanoparticles (NPs). The successful synthesis of Nd-doped FeAl2O4 NPs) was accomplished through a simple sonication process. An evaluation was conducted on the properties of Nd-doping FeAl2O4 NPs) to determine their suitability for supercapacitor (SC) applications. Moreover, the specific capacitance (Cs) of Nd-doped FeAl2O4 NPs) reaches a maximum of 1194.69 F g−1 when subjected to a current density of 1.0 A g−1 compared to FeAl2O4 nanoparticles. Furthermore, Nd-doped FeAl2O4 NPs exhibited excellent cyclic stability and low impedance (Rct = 0.07 Ω), owing to their modified morphology, making a promising material for supercapacitor SC electrodes that offer high capacity, affordability, and environmental friendliness. Our research has validated that the synthesized material can enhance the capacitive properties of transition-metal oxides with spinel structures in new, generated energy storage devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review covers the significance of green banana resistant starch (RS), a substantial polysaccharide. The food industry has taken an interest in green banana flour due to its 30% availability of resistant starch and its approximately 70% starch content on a dry basis, making its use suitable for food formulations where starch serves as the base. A variety of processing techniques, such as heat‐moisture, autoclaving, microwaving, high hydrostatic pressure, extrusion, ultrasound, acid hydrolysis, and enzymatic debranching treatments, have made significant advancements in the preparation of resistant starch. These advancements aim to change the structure, techno‐functionality, and subsequently the physiological functions of the resistant starch. Green bananas make up the highest RS as compared to other foods and cereals. Many food processing industries and cuisines now have a positive awareness due to the functional characteristics of green bananas, such as their pasting, thermal, gelatinization, foaming, and textural characteristics. It is also found useful for controlling the rates of cancer, obesity, and diabetic disorders. Moreover, the use of GBRS as prebiotics and probiotics might be significantly proved good for gut health. This study aimed at the awareness of the composition, extraction and application of the green banana resistant starch in the future food products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photocatalysis is a multifaceted phenomenon that can be employed for diverse applications, such as waste management and the treatment of water resources. Through a hydrothermal process, a magnetic nanocomposite comprising MoS2 and NiFe2O4 with optical activity was effectively synthesized. The produced photocatalysts were subjected to different methods to investigate the physiochemical properties of the materials. The optical band-gap values of the fabricated nanocomposite were measured to be 1.75 and 1.57 eV accordingly for NiFe2O4 and MoS2/NiFe2O4 which were established by UV–Visible absorption spectrum via Tauc's relation. From the BET study, the surface area of prepared MoS2/NiFe2O4 NCs was achieved to be 71.05 m2 g−1. The photocatalytic efficacy was assessed by observing malachite green degradation in the existence of visible light conditions. The MoS2/NiFe2O4 nanocomposite contains degradation efficiency of 98.28% in 140 min under visible source toward malachite green and demonstrated favorable reusability potential through magnetic separation. This finding indicates that the activity of synthesized nanocomposite is superior to that of isolated MoS2 and NiFe2O4 NPs. A plausible mechanism for photocatalysis was explicated with charge carriers and scavengers of free radicals. The primary contributors to dye degradation were responsible to be the OH radical and holes species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the relationship between immature platelet fraction and poor short-term prognosis in dengue fever patients. Study Design: Comparative cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Pakistan Air Force Hospital, Islamabad Pakistan, from Oct to Dec 2022. Methodology: In this study, a total of 300 cases had a confirmed diagnosis of dengue fever and were admited to the hospital. An immature platelet fraction was performed on al the patients on the fifth day of febrile ilness. Al the patients were monitored closely by the treating team at 24, 48, and 72 hours for the presence of thrombocytopenia on the complete blood picture or other clinical complications of dengue fever. Results: In the study, the median age of patients with dengue fever was 36(IQR-42) years. Out of 350 patients, 239(68.2%) were males, while 111(31.8%) were females. 282(80.5%) patients had a good prognosis, while 68(19.5%) did not have a good prognosis and showed clinical or haematological manifestations. On the fifth day of ilness, 279(79.7%) had an IPF of >10%, whereas 71(20.3%) had an IPF of <10%. A statistical test revealed that IPF of less than 10% had a statisticaly significant association with poor prognosis in patients treated for dengue fever (p-value<0.001). Conclusion: The immature platelet fraction was found to be less than 10% in a considerable number of patients. In the first week of ilness, a decreased immature platelet fraction was found to be associated with the presence of thrombocytopenia and other clinical complications among patients managed for dengue fever. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ethnopharmacological relevance of Saussurea species for anti-cancer compounds instigated us to develop chemotherapeutic herbal tablets. This study was an ongoing part of our previous research based on the scientific evaluation of Saussurea heteromalla (S. heteromalla) for anti-cancer lead compounds. In the current study, S. heteromalla herbal tablets (500 /800 mg) were designed and evaluated for anti-cancer activity. Arctigenin was found as a bioactive lead molecule with anti-cancer potential for cervical cancer. The in vitro results on the HeLa cell line supported the ethnopharmacological relevance and traditional utilization of S. heteromalla and provided the scientific basis for the management of cervical cancer as proclaimed by traditional practitioners in China. LD50 of the crude extract was established trough oral acute toxicity profiling in mice, wherein the minimum lethal dose was noticed as higher than 1000 mg/kg body weight orally. Chromatographic fingerprint analysis ensured the identity and consistency of S. heteromalla in herbal tablets in terms of standardization of the herbal drug. About 99.15% of the drug (S. heteromalla crude extract) was recovered in herbal tablets (RSD: 0.45%). In vitro drug release profile was found to be more than 87% within 1 h, which was also correlated with different mathematical kinetic models of drug release (r2 = 0.992), indicating that drug release from matrix tablets into the blood is constant throughout the delivery. The dosage form was found stable after an accelerated stability parameters study which may be used for anti-cervical cancer therapy in the future, if it qualifies successful preclinical investigation parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the genomics of plants and the phytoecosystem, Pyrus (pear) is among themost nutritious fruits and contains fiber that has great health benefits to humans. It is mostly cultivated in temperate regions and is one of themost cultivated pome fruits globally. Pears are highly subjected to biotic and abiotic stresses that affect their yield. TIR1/AFB proteins act as auxin co-receptors during the signaling of nuclear auxins and play a primary role in development-related regulatory processes and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, this gene family and itsmembers have not been explored in Pyrus genomes, and understanding these geneswill help obtain useful insights into stress tolerance and ultimately helpmaintain a high yield of pears. This study reports a pangenome-wide investigation of TIR1/AFB genes from eight Pyrus genomes: Cuiguan (Pyrus pyrifolia), Shanxi Duli (P. betulifolia), Zhongai 1 [(P. ussuriensis × communis) × spp.], Nijisseiki (P. pyrifolia), Yunhong No.1 (P. pyrifolia), d'Anjou (P. communis), Bartlett v2.0 (P. communis), and Dangshansuli v.1.1 (P. bretschneideri). These genes were randomly distributed on 17 chromosomes in each genome. Based on phylogenetics, the identified TIR1/AFB genes were divided into six groups. Their gene structure and motif pattern showed the intraspecific structural conservation as well as evolutionary patterns of Pyrus TIR1/AFBs. The expansion of this gene family in Pyrus is mainly caused by segmental duplication; however, a few genes showed tandem duplication. Moreover, positive and negative selection pressure equally directed the gene's duplication process. The GO and PPI analysis showed that Pyrus TIR1/AFB genes are associated with abiotic stress- and development-related signaling pathways. The promoter regions of Pyrus TIR1/AFB genes were enriched in hormone-, light-, development-, and stress-related cis elements. Furthermore, publicly available RNA-seq data analysis showed that DaTIR1/AFBs have varied levels of expression in various tissues and developmental stages, fruit hardening disease conditions, and drought stress conditions. This indicated that DaTIR1/AFB genesmight play critical roles in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. The DaTIR1/AFBs have similar protein structures, which show that they are involved in the same function. Hence, this study will broaden our knowledge of the TIR1/AFB gene family in Pyrus, elucidating their contribution to conferring resistance against various environmental stresses, and will also provide valuable insights for future researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the alterations in structural, electronic, and optical characteristics of ZnSe1−x Inx (x = 0%, 12.5%, 25%) employing the framework of density functional theory (DFT), utilizing generalized gradient approximation (GGA) in conjunction with the full‐potential linearized augmented plane wave (FP‐LAPW) approach. The findings reveal that pure ZnSe exhibits a direct bandgap of 1.79 eV at the Γ point, which reduces to 0 eV upon doping with Indium, indicating a transition to metallic characteristics. This change is attributed to the predominant involvement of the d‐orbital of Zn, s‐orbital of Se, and p‐orbitals of Indium in the valence band of ZnSe1−x Inx materials. Conversely, the s‐orbital of Zn predominantly contributes to the conduction band of undoped ZnSe, whereas the d‐orbitals of Indium play a significant role in the conduction band of ZnSe1−x Inx (x = 0%, 12.5%, 25%). Moreover, the study computes other optical parameters, including reflectivity, electron energy loss spectrum, extinction coefficient, refractive index, and absorption coefficient, as functions of photon energy. A notable observation is the considerable rise in the zero‐frequency dielectric constant, ε1(0), which increases from 5.0 in pure ZnSe to 40.0 and 50.0 in Indium‐doped ZnSe, highlighting a significant alteration in electronic properties. Furthermore, optical analyses demonstrate an expansion in the absorption coefficient spectrum, which extends from photon energies of 2.0 eV in pristine ZnSe to begin at 0 eV in Indium‐doped variants, indicating a broadening of the material's capacity to absorb light across a wider spectrum of photon energies. This expansion infers improved light absorption potential, which could be particularly beneficial for the fabrication of light‐emitting modules and solar energy converters. These insights underline the considerable influence that Indium incorporation exerts on the band architecture and optical responses of ZnSe, offering critical directions for the advancement of optoelectronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study examined how economic freedom and its related components, such as open markets, regulatory efficiency, rule of law and the size of government, affect bank risk behavior, focusing on the Japanese context. Design/methodology/approach: The study employs a two-step GMM framework on the annual data of Japanese banks ranging from 2005 to 2020 to empirically test the hypotheses. Furthermore, we also use the ordinary least square method to ensure the robustness of our mainline findings. Findings: The finding suggests that economic freedom increases the banks' risk-taking, thus making them fragile. The results also highlight that out of the four main subcomponents of economic freedom, regulatory efficiency and government size increase bank risk-taking, while the rule of law and open markets decrease banks' risk-taking. Additionally, we examine how the banks' specific characteristics affect the results by creating a subsample based on capitalization and liquidity ratios. Overall, the results are consistent with the baseline findings. Moreover, the results are robust to alternative proxy measures of risk. Practical implications: The study's findings have several implications for regulators and policymakers. The results suggest that regulators and policymakers should reconsider their strategies for economic freedom to ensure that they promote stability in the banking system and reduce banks' risk-taking inclinations. Originality/value: Although previous studies have examined the impact of economic freedom on bank stability and risk-taking, this study is the first to do so in the Japanese context, contributing to the literature by providing new insights and empirical evidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The structure and the optical properties of the tridymite green color phosphor BaMgSiO4 :Eu are systematically examined. Due to the differing ion radii of Eu3+, Mg2+, Si4+, and the three different Ba 2+ sites in the crystal lattice, dopants can only replace the Ba2+ sites because the other sites are insufficiently large to hold the massive Eu3+. BaMgSiO4 is a promising candidate for inorganic photochromatic materials with excellent optical properties. It has attracted much attention in the world due to its applications in high‐density optical memory and light‐emitting diodes. Herein, the generalized gradient approximation and generalized gradient approximation plus Hubbard potential (GGA + U) are used to investigate the electronic structure and the entire optical properties of the parent and Eu‐doped BaMgSiO4, like dielectric function, refractive and extinction coefficients, the optical conductivity, reflectivity, and absorption spectra. It is found that the substitution of Eu ions reduces the energy bandgap of BaMgSiO4 and introduces the sub‐bands in between the valence and conduction bands. Findings show that the bandgap and optical characteristics of the BaMgSiO4 compound are described properly by the GGA + U method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Statins medications negatively affect age-associated loss of muscle mass and strength, termed sarcopenia, and neuromuscular junction (NMJ) integrity. However, their association with the sarcopenia-related-quality-of-life (SarQoL) is unknown. Methods: In this cross-sectional, case control study, we recruited male nonusers (n = 75 and age 75.2 ± 5.9 years) and users (n = 77 and age 77.1 ± 6.2 years) of statins to evaluate SarQoL and handgrip strength (HGS). We also measured plasma C-terminal agrin fragment-22 (CAF22) as a marker of NMJ degradation. Results: Statin users had higher CAF22, and lower HGS, and cumulative SarQoL scores than non-users (all p < 0.05). Plasma CAF22 exhibited negative correlations with SarQoL scores for physical and mental health, locomotion, functionality, activities-of-daily-living, and cumulative SarQoL in statins users and non-users (all p < 0.05). Lastly, the cumulative SarQoL scores exhibited positive associations with HGS and gait speed in the study participants (all p < 0.05). Conclusions: Collectively, statin usage was associated with NMJ degradation and reduced SarQoL. Statins should be cautiously prescribed in patients with sarcopenia with reduced QoL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pyrus (pear) is among the most nutritious fruits and contains fibers that have great health benefits to humans. It is mostly cultivated in temperate regions globally and is highly subjected to biotic and abiotic stresses which affect its yield. Pheophorbide a oxygenase (PAO) is an essential component of the chlorophyll degradation system and contributes to the senescence of leaves. It is responsible for opening the pheophorbide a porphyrin macrocycle and forming the main fluorescent chlorophyll catabolite However, this gene family and its members have not been explored in Pyrus genomes. Here we report a pangenome-wide investigation has been conducted on eight Pyrus genomes: Cuiguan, Shanxi Duli, Zhongai 1, Nijisseiki, Yunhong No.1, d'Anjou, Bartlett v2.0, and Dangshansuli v.1.1. The phylogenetic history, their gene structure, conservation patterns of motifs, their distribution on chromosomes, and gene duplication are studied in detail which shows the intraspecific structural conservation as well as evolutionary patterns of Pyrus PAOs. Cis-elements, protein-protein interactions (PPI), and the Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analyses show their potential biological functions. Furthermore, their expression in various tissues, fruit hardening conditions, and drought stress conditions is also studied. Based on phylogenetics, the identified PAOs were divided into four groups. The expansion of this gene family in Pyrus is caused by both tandem and segmental duplication. Moreover, positive and negative selection pressure equally directed the gene's duplication process. The Pyrus PAO genes were enriched in hormones-related, light, development, and stressrelated elements. RNA-seq data analysis showed that PAOs have varied levels of expression under diseased and abiotic stress conditions. The 3D structures of PAOs are also predicted to get more insights into functional conservation. Our research can be used further to get a deeper knowledge of the PAO gene family in Pyrus and to guide future research on improving the genetic composition of Pyrus to enhance stress tolerance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The spinel ferrites (SFs) are renowned for their distinctive magnetic and electrical characteristics. Sol-gel route was used for the fabrication of Sr0.6 Zn0.4 Gdx Fe2-x O4 (0.00, 0.025, 0.050, 0.075, 0.100) ferrites. The structural, magnetic, microwave, and DC (direct current) properties of prepared Nps were found using of number characterization techniques. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of Sr0.6 Zn0.4 Gdx Fe2-x O4 SFs showed a single cubic phase. The magnetic behavior was determined by applying a field of 2 kOe. The various magnetic features, including those determined based on the M-H loop, and prepared spinel ferrites showed the soft nature of magnetic materials. When amount of gadolinium (Gd) is increased, then saturation magnetization, coercivity, remanence magnetization is decreased. The Ms values decreased from 69.36 to 32.18 emu/g, coercivity reduced from 220 to 14 emu/g, and remanence magnetization is decreased from 32 to 3 emu/g. The electrical parameters revealed that direct current resistivity and activation energy (Ea) increased (from 0.16 eV to 0.28eV) with the inclusion of the Gd. The activation energy was increased from 0.16 to 0.28 eV. The dielectric constant and loss of permittivity and permeability were determined by applying the frequency 5.5–9.5 GHz. From the above enhanced parameters, it can be concluded that fabricated SFs may be suitable for high-frequency devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Lectures are still the most appropriate and practical way of conveying knowledge in available limited resources but their effectiveness is very debatable. The pause procedure is a strategy that uses strategic pauses in a lecture to help students overcome this problem. The objective of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of pausing to enhance learning during lectures in medical colleges.. METHODOLOGY: After institutional permission # 48.ERC/FMU/2023-24.384, this comparative cross-sectional study was conducted on fourth-year MBBS students (the whole Batch was involved, which comes to the urology ward) in a public sector medical institution. The technique of taking a clarification pause during the long sessions (equal to or more than 45 minutes) was utilized and feedback was taken. RESULTS: Student satisfaction was described by 75% of students in Method-A (taught with pausing technique) and 48% of the students in Method-B (taught without pausing) (p=0.018). Maintaining the attention span till the end of the lecture was described by 74% of Method-A and 34% of Method-B students (p=0.001). Clarity of the topic was described by 82% with A and 51 % with B students(p=0.001). The mean MCQ score of the students group after method A was 62% and 52% with B. CONCLUSION: The pause procedure is an effective methodology to improve learning and academic performance in undergraduate medical students without causing any added burden. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globally, urban areas are facing a rising issue of industrial pollution particularly due to heavy metals like Cadmium (Cd), which pose a threat to both plants and humans. However, plants response to Cd exposure varies based on factors like species, genetics, and growing conditions such as the type of soil and cultivation methods. This study focused on young tomato seedlings subjected to different Cd concentrations (0, 100, 200, and 300 ppm) through a pot experiment, aiming to understand the impact of Cd on various morpho-physiological traits of the "MAYAR F1" tomato cultivar. The results exhibited amazing findings that the chlorophyll contents (21.93 nmol/mg), relative water contents (0.84%), electrolyte leakage (135.5 uS/cm) and leaf area (6.37 cm2) were highest at 300 ppm followed by control. While the maximum number of leaves (11) were noticed in control. Consequently, the study suggests that cultivating tomatoes in urban agriculture soils contaminated with Cd could be a viable option. Nonetheless, it emphasizes the importance of exercising caution and conducting further research to fully comprehend the potential long-term implications and associated risks of Cd exposure in urban agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing use of fossil fuels and resulting environmental concerns have elevated the global issues, leading to a focus on developing alternative sustainable energy sources. However, supercapacitors (SCs) have been considered as possible solutions to address major global energy challenges. These devices are designed to generate and store energy efficiently. In this study, Mn-doped MnO2 material was fabricated utilizing the simple hydrothermal route to increase the electrochemical efficiency of MnO2 by doping strategy. However, the properties of the Mn-doped MnO2 material were analyzed with different analytical tools. The electrochemical result of Mn-doped MnO2 was determined, which revealed higher specific capacitance of 920.86 F g−1 than MnO2 (512.90 F g−1) at 1 A g−1 with low charge transfer resistance of Rct = 0.9 Ω. Furthermore, Mn-doped MnO2 exhibited exceptional stability of 50 h with capacitive retention of 97.14% after the 5000th cycle and contains a larger surface area with diverse morphology, which was responsible for the enhanced capacitive performance for use in various fields of energy storage applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the role of the asymmetrical influence of stock market reaction to the fluctuations in US dollars against the domestic currencies of the South Asian region. The symmetrical Panel based autoregressive distributed lag model (PARDL) model and panel‐based non‐linear autoregressive distributed lag model (NARDL) model with the Pooled Mean Group Approach (PMG) approach were employed to estimate the impact of stock market bullish and bearish behaviour on local currency variabilities of the South Asian region. The results show that during the pre‐economic recession regime, negative fluctuations in stock indexes had a direct association with exchange rate fluctuations for a longer period. However, after the crisis, both negative and positive stock index shocks have formulated an indirect or inverse association with exchange rate fluctuations. These findings pose important practical implications for the short‐term and long‐term shareholders and financial analysts. Hence, it is recommended that shareholders and financial analysts should base their investment in South Asian stock indices on negative and positive shocks since the non‐linear connectivity between both variables also exhibits regime dependence characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given that marriage transforms people, with wide‐ranging and long‐lasting impacts, we examine the role of CEOs' marital status on firms' cash holdings behaviour. Using a large sample of US‐listed firms, we find that single CEOs stockpile more cash than their married counterparts do. Our finding is robust to controlling for various CEO characteristics, CFO influence, tackling endogeneity concerns and using alternative measures of cash. Moreover, we show that exogenous CEO turnover resulting in appointments of single (married) CEOs increases (decreases) cash holdings. Additional results show that single‐CEO firms practise a more conservative payout policy and save more cash from operating and financing cash flows. Consistent with agency theory, single CEOs extract more compensation from the accumulated cash, leading to a lower value of cash holdings. External corporate governance mechanisms mitigate the relationship between single CEOs and cash holdings. Our results show that single‐CEO firms are more prone to agency problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Passion fruit is widely cultivated in tropical, subtropical regions of the world. The attack of bacterial and fungal diseases, and environmental factors heavily affect the yield and productivity of the passion fruit. The CC-NBS-LRR (CNL) gene family being a subclass of R-genes protects the plant against the attack of pathogens and plays a major role in effector-triggered immunity (ETI). However, no information is available regarding this gene family in passion fruit. To address the underlying problem a total of 25 and 21 CNL genes have been identified in the genome of purple (Passiflora edulis Sims.) and yellow (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa) passion fruit respectively. Phylogenetic tree was divided into four groups with PeCNLs present in 3 groups only. Gene structure analysis revealed that number of exons ranged from 1 to 9 with 1 being most common. Most of the PeCNL genes were clustered at the chromosome 3 and underwent strong purifying selection, expanded through segmental (17 gene pairs) and tandem duplications (17 gene pairs). PeCNL genes contained ciselements involved in plant growth, hormones, and stress response. Transcriptome data indicated that PeCNL3, PeCNL13, and PeCNL14 were found to be differentially expressed under Cucumber mosaic virus and cold stress. Three genes were validated to be multi-stress responsive by applying Random Forest model of machine learning. To comprehend the biological functions of PeCNL proteins, their 3D structure and gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis were done. Our research analyzed the CNL gene family in passion fruit to understand stress regulation and improve resilience. This study lays the groundwork for future investigations aimed at enhancing the genetic composition of passion fruit to ensure robust growth and productivity in challenging environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The study hypothesized that the impact of board diversity on financial distress (FD) is not direct but rather mediated by the firm's corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities. Consequently, the purpose of this study is to examine the impact of CSR as a mediator in the board diversity–FD relationship. Design/methodology/approach: The study examined six board diversity dimensions – age, gender, nationality, education and tenure in 81 nonfinancial Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX)-listed firms from 2010 to 2021. The CSR engagement of the sample firms is evaluated using a multidimensional financial approach and the likelihood of FD is computed using Altman's Z-score. The system-generalized method of moments estimator is used to meet the study objectives. In addition, several tests are run to determine the robustness of the study's findings. Findings: Based on the procedure for mediation analysis outlined by Baron and Kenny (1986), the authors found that CSR is significantly inversely associated with the likelihood of FD. Second, board diversity variables age, gender and national diversity were positively associated with CSR. Third, board age, gender and national diversity are significantly inversely related to FD. Finally, it was found that there is partial mediation between board age diversity and FD, whereas full mediation is shown between board age diversity and FD and between board nationality diversity and FD. Practical implications: This study provides practical insights into PSX's board diversity for companies, regulators and policymakers. Originality/value: This research studies the connection between board diversity and FD. In addition, the current study extended the analysis by testing for the first time the mediating role of CSR in the diversity–distress relationship, particularly in the context of an emerging economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Due to current selection practices for increased egg production and peak persistency, the production profile, age at maturity, and body weight criteria for commercial layers are constantly changing. Body weight and age at the time of photostimulation will thus always be the factors that need to be adequately addressed among various production systems. The current study was carried out to determine the effects of pullets' body weight (low, medium, and heavy) on their performance, welfare, physiological response, and hormonal profile. Methods: With regard to live weight, 150 16-week-old pullets were divided into three groups using a completely randomized design (CRD) and held until the 50th week. One-way analysis of variance was used to evaluate the data under the CRD, and the least significant difference test was used to distinguish between treatment means. Results: In comparison to the medium and light birds, the heavy birds had higher body weight at maturity, an earlier age at maturity, and higher egg weight, eggshell weight, eggshell thickness, egg yolk index, breaking strength, egg surface area, egg shape index, egg volume, and hormonal profile except corticosterone. However, the medium and light birds had lower feed consumption rates per dozen eggs and per kilogram of egg mass than the heavy birds. Light birds showed greater body weight gain, egg production, and egg specific gravity than the other categories. At 20 weeks of age, physiological response, welfare aspects, and catalase were non-significant; however, at 50 weeks of age, all these factors—aside from catalase—were extremely significant. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that layers can function at lower body weights during photostimulation; hence, dietary regimens that result in lighter pullets may be preferable. Additionally, the welfare of the birds was not compromised by the lighter weight group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, synthetic and semi-synthetic polymers are widely used in the development of various drug delivery systems (DDSs), biomedical and surgical devices, and healthcare materials. However, many drawbacks and problems are associated with these polymeric materials, including toxicity, immunogenicity, non-biodegradability, nonbiocompatibility, and complicated, costly synthesis. To address such drawbacks, nowadays, naturally occurring swellable polysaccharides (NOSPs) are being evaluated for the possible replacement of synthetic polymers. NOSPs have shown remarkable stimuli-responsive properties, which made them an ideal material to develop stimuli-responsive DDSs, especially smart tablets. The present review focuses on the summarization of stimuli-responsive properties (swelling, on-off switching, and drug release) of smart/stimuli-responsive tablets that respond to various stimuli, e.g., pH, solvent, transit, time, etc. This article highlights the need to develop NOSPs-based smart tablets for intelligent and targeted drug delivery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water pollution has recently come to the forefront of people’s minds because of the widespread textile dye contamination. It suffers from a wide variety of harmful chemicals in the textile, cosmetics, food, and paint industries and these are removed by photocatalysis. Photocatalytic degradation is considered an efficient approach for the elimination of toxic pollutants from industrial effluents. In this work, MnO2/g-C3N4 nanocomposite was developed hydrothermally for photocatalytic mineralization of methylene blue (MB) dye. The surface study revealed that MnO2/g-C3N4 shows a greater surface area (97 m2 g−1) attributed to the g-CN nanosheet. The photocatalytic efficiency of MnO2, g-C3N4 & MnO2/g-C3N4 materials was additionally ascertained via the degradation of MB, which was considered to be a model dye. The MnO2, g-C3N4 & MnO2/g-C3N4 display the photocatalytic efficiency of 72.34, 85.81, and 94.32%, respectively. According to the TOC study, the MnO2/g-C3N4 nanocomposite showed a degradation rate of 71.23% over a period of 150 min. The scavenger analysis revealed that charge species (hydroxyl, hole and superoxide anion) play a substantial part in the photodegradation of dyes. The results show that the fabricated nanocomposite shows maximum photocatalytic efficacy compared to pristine material due to the appropriate bandgap along with unique structural features. The developed catalyst not only has the potential to degrade the dye and it can also work in other energy storage applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Liver, being the major organ for metabolism and detoxification of different drugs and substances, is more prone to injury. Drug induced hepatotoxicity is a fetal condition and needs fast and effective treatment options. Orange and banana peel are known to have therapeutic hepatoprotective efficacy against oxidative stress. This study was aimed to investigate therapeutic potential of orange and banana peel powder against paracetamol induced oxidative stress. To achieve this, fifty adult and healthy rabbits were purchased, and hepatotoxicity was induced by using paracetamol at a dose of 2g/kg. Afterwards, these animals were randomly divided into five equal groups. In this trial of 21 days, animals of group A and B were treated with orange peel at the dose of 0.5 and 1 gm/kg BW respectively. Similarly, group C and D was served with banana peel at the dosage of 0.5 and 1 g/kg BW respectively. Group E served as control group and was treated with Hepa-Merz®. Blood samples were collected from rabbits at baseline (prior to induction of hepatotoxicity), at day 0 (after establishment of hepatotoxicity and initiation of respective treatments), at day 3, 7, 14 and 21 (after the start of treatment) while two rabbits from each group were slaughtered at each sampling time point for histopathology of liver. The efficacy of the treatments was evaluated through Liver function tests (ALT, AST and total bilirubin), total antioxidant capacity, serum total oxidant status and histopathological examination of liver. ANOVA and DMR tests were applied to analyze the data. All the five groups showed significant decrease in the elevated serum levels of ALT, AST, Total bilirubin and TOS at day 21. While TAC levels dramatically increased in all the groups. Histopathology also verified the improvement in histopathological architecture. Group B and C gave more hepatoprotective response demonstrating that the orange and banana peel have dose dependent hepatoprotective response furthermore, orange peel is more potent hepatoprotective agent than that of banana peel. The present study demonstrated that the orange and banana peel have hepatoprotective efficacy against paracetamol induced toxicity, and they can be used as therapeutic agents in cases of oxidative stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. The objectives were to assess the impact of dental caries on the daily living of the geriatric population and determine the factors that influence the relationship between dental health and the daily living of the geriatric population. Methods. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out over six months at Rawalpindi's public and private dental hospitals. Participants aged = 60 years, both male and female, were selected. The calculated sample size was 281. Desired sample from one of the dental hospitals was collected using a non-probability consecutive sampling strategy. Data about sociodemographic characteristics and the DMFT index were collected. Adapted validated tool dental impact on daily living (DIDL) was used to assess the impact of dental health on daily living. Results. Chi-squared test of association showed a positive association between the DIDL and sociodemographic variables, including age (P = 0.001), gender (P = 0.001), education (P = 0.001), income (P = 0.001), occupation (P = 0.029), marital status (P = 0.001), living arrangement (P = 0.001), and history of chronic illnesses (P = 0.001). The association between the DMFT index and DIDL also showed statistically significant results (P = 0.001). Binary logistic regression analysis indicated that gender (OR = 6.98, P = 0.005) and the individual's dental health (OR = 6.43, P = 0.001) were the strongest predictors of the impact experienced in daily life activities. The overall model was statistically significant (?2 = 51.24, P = 0.001), and the variables were responsible for 32.4% of the variance in the outcome variable. Conclusion. The study provides strong evidence that sociodemographic factors, DMFT index, gender, and individual dental health significantly contribute to the impact of dental health on daily living. Gender and individual dental health emerge as particularly influential predictors. These findings emphasize the need for targeted interventions and awareness programs, especially for groups with a higher risk of experiencing a significant impact on daily life due to dental issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The MnFe2O4 spinel ferrites and polypyrrole were prepared using the sol-gel route. The nanocomposites were characterized by using different analytical tools, including XRD (X-ray Diffraction), an impedance analyzer, a VSM (vibrating sample magnetometer), and DC resistivity. The XRD pattern of the ferrites shows the FCC cubic structure of prepared nanocomposites. The increased ferrite content in nanocomposites leads to lower peak intensity and narrow peaks. The crystallite size was increased from 18 to 51 nm and the lattice constant reduced from 8.42 Å to 8.26 Å. The DC resistivity was determined by using the two-probe method of the prepared composite materials. The activation energy was increased from 0.20 to 0.39 eV. The magnetic properties of nanocomposites were determined by applying the magnetic field from ± 2 KOe. The ferrites are soft and exhibit ferromagnetic behavior demonstrated by the thin magnetic loops. Numerous characteristics, including coercivity Hc, saturation magnetization Ms and remanence magnetization Mr, were computed within a magnetic loop. The Ms of the polypyrrole was found at 11 emu/g and it increased when manganese ferrites were added to the PPy from 29 to 47 emu/g. The dielectric loss and dielectric constant were decreased with the addition of the ferrites in PPy. The improvement of all parameters indicates that the prepared PF4 could be well-suited for high-frequency applications. Highlights: The sol-gel route was sed to synthesize MnFe2O4/PPy multi-core-shell nanocomposite with several properties. The XRD analysis confirmed that these nanocomposites were composed of a single-phase spinel. The crystallite size of the nanocomposites ranges from 18 to 57 nm. The Ms (11 to 59 emu/g) and Hc (5 to 374 Oe) exhibit soft nature of materials. The composition PF-4 may be suitable for high-frequency applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the perspectives of post graduate residents working on emergency floor about the need of dedicated emergency department in healthcare department. Study Design: Qualitative Exploratory study. Setting: Allied Hospital, Faisalabad (AHF), Pakistan A Tertiary Care Public Sector Hospital in Punjab. Period: January 10, 2024, to January 30th, 2024. Methods: Post-graduate residents of surgery and medicine department were included in study and interviews were conducted after taking their consent till the data saturation. Total 18 interviews were recorded and then transcribed. Thematic narrative analysis was performed. Results: Out of 18 participants, 14 (77.7%) were males while 4(22.2%) were females. From surgical floor, 8 Residents participated in the study out of which 1 (12.5%) was female and 7 (87.5%) were males while 10 residents participated from medical floor out of which 3 (30%) were females and 7(70%) were males. Theme 1: The problems faced on the emergency floor: All the participants agreed that the working condition of emergency floor is quite hectic and stressful. With sub themes (1a) Over-burdened emergency of tertiary care centers: 1b) Faulty Referral system: (1c) Patient interactions: (1d) Lack of facilities: (1e) Guidance & facilitation center: Theme 2: Dedicated Emergency Department: The Participants when asked about their suggestions regarding improvement of working condition at emergency floor, they all had a clear idea of establishment of a dedicated emergency department with specially trained and recruited staff for this purpose. With subthemes (2a) Filtration clinics: (2b) Rotational Duties: (2c) Proper Training: (2d) Public Awareness. Conclusion: The emergency departments in tertiary hospitals should be a separate department with dedicated staff, proper triage system and adequate facilities to deal with the critical patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wastewater contamination with heavy metal(loids)s has become a worldwide environmental and public health problem due to their toxic and non-degradable nature. Different methods and technologies have been applied for water/wastewater treatment to mitigate heavy metal(loid)-induced toxicity threat to humans. Among various treatment methods, adsorption is considered the most attractive method because of its high ability and efficiency to remove contaminants from wastewater. Agricultural waste-based adsorbents have gained great attention because of high efficiency to heavy metal(loids)s removal from contaminated water. Chemically modified biosorbents can significantly enhance the stability and adsorption ability of the sorbents. The two mathematical models of sorption, Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models, have mostly been studied. In kinetic modeling, pseudo-second-order model proved better in most of the studies compared to pseudo-first-order model. The ion exchange and electrostatic attraction are the main mechanisms for adsorption of heavy metal(loid)s on biosorbents. The regeneration has allowed various biosorbents to be recycled and reused up to 4-5 time. Most effective eluents used for regeneration are dilute acids. For practical perspective, biosorbent removal efficiency has been elucidated using various types of wastewater and economic analysis studies. Economic analysis of adsorption process using agricultural waste-based biosorbents proved this approach cheaper compared to traditional commercial adsorbents, such as chemically activated carbon. The review also highlights key research gaps to advance the scope and application of waste peels for the remediation of heavy metal(loid)s-contaminated wastewater. This review provides new information and insights on the potential utilization of agriculture-based biosorbents for the removal of contaminants, especially heavy metal(loid)s from toxic water/wastewater, as well as their mechanisms, adsorption efficiency, and regeneration ability. For practical perspective, biosorbent adsorption efficiency was elucidated by using various types of wastewater and economic analysis studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Growing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and decreasing efficacy of the available antimicrobials have become a significant public health concern. The antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) ensures the appropriate use of antimicrobials and mitigates resistance prevalence through various interventions. One of the core components of the ASP is to educate healthcare workers (HWs). Therefore, this study aims to identify the impact of a pharmacist-led educational intervention targeting knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding rational antibiotic use among healthcare professionals in a secondary care hospital in Punjab. Methods: This is a single-center, questionnaire-based, pre-post interventional study conducted over a six-month time period. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 26. Results: Regarding the pre-interventional knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) score of the respondents, 90.3% had a good knowledge score, 81.5% had a positive attitude, and 72.3% of HWs (excluding doctors) had a good practice score. Additionally, 74.6% of the doctors had a good practice score. After educational intervention, there was a significant improvement in the knowledge, attitude, and practice of the respondent HWs (p-value <0.001). Furthermore, males have higher knowledge scores compared to females in the pre- and post-intervention stages (p-value <0.05), and doctors differ from nurses regarding knowledge scores in both pre- and post-intervention stages. Conclusion: Considering educational programs as the backbone of the ASP, it is imperative to sustain efforts in the ongoing educational programs of HWs to foster high awareness and adherence to the ASP among HWs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]